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Two new azaheterocycle-based bolas, such as (1-(4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-methylenyls α,ω-bisfunctionalized PEGs, were prepared via Cu-catalyzed click reaction between 2-(4-azidophenyl)-5-(aryl)-oxadiazole-1,3,4 and terminal ethynyls derived from PEG-3 and PEG-4. Due to the presence of two heteroaromatic cores and a PEG linker, these bola molecules are considered as promising fluorescent chemosensors for electron-deficient species. As a result of a well-pronounced “turn-off” fluorescence response towards common nitro-explosive components, such as 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hard-to-detect pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), as well as Hg2+ cation was observed.

Numerous recent studies have shown that discharging colored wastewater into the environment causes contamination, which has adverse impact due to textile, dyeing, and food industries. The current study presents experimental research on the clathrate hydrate technique used for producing pure water from of wastewater contaminated by dyes. Under constant starting conditions, the clathrate formation for binary (water + refrigerant gas) and ternary (water + refrigerant gas + promotor) systems were studied. The R134a gas was used along with Cyclohexane (2.5 vol%), Tween 80 (100 ppm), and silica gel powder as promotors (100 ppm). Moreover, povidone-iodine (500, 2500, and 5000 ppm) and potassium permanganate (10, 50, and 100 ppm) were used as colored compounds in order to prepare synthetic wastewater (model wastewater). The production of hydrates, which rapidly captured the refrigerant gas molecules in the solid phase, was primarily responsible for the pressure drop. Both povidone-iodine and potassium permanganate have a negligible impact on the hydrate formation rates. It was found that the concentration of povidone-iodine and potassium permanganate in the produced water was decreased. As far as we know, the method of using clathrate hydrate to remove the dyes in water has never been investigated. The results showed that the povidone-iodine removal efficiency ranged between 86% and 92%, and the potassium permanganate removal efficiency ranged between 90% and 95%. The removal efficiency was improved by adding promotors, which increased the dissolved gas quantity and the amount of water hydrates. The maximum removal efficiency was accomplished using silica gel powder and cyclohexane, which are more significant than in pure water and Tween 80. This study demonstrated the viability of the clathrate hydrate technique as a green technology for the treatment of colored wastewater effluents from different industries.

Generalized progressively Type-II hybrid strategy has been suggested to save both the duration and cost of a life test when the experimenter aims to score a fixed number of failed units. In this paper, using this mechanism, the maximum likelihood and Bayes inferential problems for unknown model parameters, in addition to both reliability, and hazard functions of the inverted exponentiated Rayleigh model, are acquired. Applying the observed Fisher data and delta method, the normality characteristic of the classical estimates is taken into account to derive confidence intervals for unknown parameters and several indice functions. In Bayes’ viewpoint, through independent gamma priors against both symmetrical and asymmetrical loss functions, the Bayes estimators of the unknown quantities are developed. Because the Bayes estimators are acquired in complicated forms, a hybrid Monte-Carlo Markov-chain technique is offered to carry out the Bayes estimates as well as to create the related highest posterior density interval estimates. The precise behavior of the suggested estimation approaches is assessed using wide Monte Carlo simulation experiments. Two actual applications based on actual data sets from the mechanical and chemical domains are examined to show how the offered methodologies may be used in real current events.

An electricity demand in India is now at an all-time high. Agriculture accounts for 21.5 percent of total electricity use; according to sectoral demand patterns. Technology is becoming increasingly popular. PV cells are utilized to power electrical equipment because of their high energy output. Solar energy is a clean and inexpensive energy source. Solar powered water pumping is an important technology for conserving vital resources such as water and electricity. This experiment is to calculate the efficiency of solar pump and panel. It is evaluated by calculating the input and output energy of the pump and panel. By comparing the efficiencies of pump and panel we can be able to estimate the amount of loss of energy. For conserving the energy, we can also install battery and charge controller for the use of pump in dark without solar energy. It conserves energy even while the pump is working. At the time of 2-3pm the efficiency of solar panel is about 55-60% and for the pump is 50-55%. By installing the storage device, we can save 2-5% of the energy wastage. This proves to be a better implementation for conserving the energy and the use of pump at any time.

Annona squamosa is a medicinal plant that has been used in folk medicine since antiquity. The goal of this study is to see how effective Annona squamosa leaf extract (A.S.L.E) or its niosomal-entrapped preparation is at protecting skin from UVA irradiation. The prepared niosomal-entrapped A.S.L.E has been characterized via spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy imaging. Furthermore, the entrapment efficiency and in vitro release of A.S.L.E were determined. In this study, ex vivo and freshly prepared samples from the dorsal region of the rats’ skin were used as biological samples, which were divided into five groups: control UVA-unexposed, unprotected UVA-exposed, A.S.L.E-protected UVA-exposed, and niosomal-entrapped A.S.L.E UVA-exposed. UVA irradiation was performed by exposing the skin samples to a UVA-producing lamp for 4 h. Samples from various groups were then examined using FTIR spectroscopy, histopathology, and protein electrophoresis methods. The results showed that A.S.L.E has a skin protective effect against UVA irradiation. The niosomal-entrapped A.S.L.E was more effective than the native plant leaf extract in protecting skin from the damaging effects of UVA. Therefore, the nanotechnologically formulated preparation, niosomal-entrapped A.S.L.E, can be used as an effective photoprotector (sunscreen) against the adverse effects of UVA radiation. Graphical abstract

The availability of some already developed physiological and mental abilities forms a source of assistance for the process of acquiring a language other than one's own. Such abilities cause the learners to consider, feel, and act in relation to the things or occurrences in their environment, including the learning of a new language. In other words, there are positive and negative attitudes toward such things or occurrences on the part of the learners, which are mostly determined by a set of relevant influential circumstances. As a result, the current study aims to examine students' attitudes toward English as a foreign language taught to the first stage at the College of Pharmacy, University of Duhok. It hypothesizes that students exhibit unfavorable attitudes toward learning English. To test the hypotheses, 20-item questionnaire was constructed on the basis of the related literature and other relevant sources. The items focus on various aspects of learning English, such as the process of learning the language, advantages, learning of various linguistic skills, and factors affecting the learning process, to 91 2nd year students. Analysis of the collected data show that students have noticeably positive attitudes toward learning English as a foreign language. As a result, the hypotheses are rejected as a student view the study of the subject English and its other relevant aspects of benefit for the timebeing and in the future.

The enhancement of concrete structures’ performance can easily be achieved. However, the main challenge is how to achieve this performance with respect to the economy and sustainability. The aim of this research is to examine the flexural strength, ductility, stiffness, and toughness of RC hollow one-way slabs that are voided by plastic bottles. A new technique of hollowing has been used in this work, where a steel mesh tube was prepared previously and filled manually with blank waste plastic bottles to form a light tube. This technique has some advantages including ease of installation and adequate bonding for the main steel reinforcements. Five RC one-way slabs were cast and tested in the lab to investigate some variables: the presence of hollow, the ratio of reinforcement, and slab thickness. Briefly, a new technique for voids enhances the flexural behavior with less concrete and weight. The ductility is increased by about 100% for the voided specimens for the same section’s thickness. Also, the rotation in supports had been reduced by about 30% when the thickness of voided slab was increased by about 15%.

In this paper, a dynamic investigation is done for strip, rectangular and square machine foundation at the top surface of two-layer dry sand with various states (i.e., loose on medium sand and dense on medium sand). The dynamic investigation is performed numerically using finite element programming, PLAXIS 3D. The soil is expected as a versatile totally plastic material that complies with the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. A harmonic load is applied at the base with an amplitude of 6 kPa at a frequency of (2 and 6) Hz, and seismic is applied with acceleration – time input of earthquake hit Halabjah city north of Iraq. A parametric study is done to evaluate the influence of changing L/B ratio (Length=12,6,3 m and width=3 m), type of sand, and frequency of the machine for soil with two layers (dense and medium sand) and (loose and medium sand). It was noticed that the displacement decreases when the foundation is strip, and has the highest values when the foundation is square. At the same time, the maximum vertical stress of the foundation (L/B = 4 and L/B = 1) appears to be (1262) kPa and (1255) kPa, respectively, due to increasing the foundation mass as a result of increasing its dimensions. Then again, the displacement increases by 20% for vertical displacement when decreasing the relative density. In addition, it has been noticed that there is a decrease in displacement when the frequency value changes from (2 to 6) Hz.

Family Adoption Programme (FAP) aims to provide an experiential learning opportunity to Indian medical graduates towards community-based health care and thereby equity in health. FAP is recommended as a part of curriculum of Community Medicine subject and should begin from first professional year with competencies being spread in ascending manner for entire MBBS training program. The family adoption should preferably include villages not covered under PHCs/RHTC adopted by the medical college. Medical students may be divided into teams and each team may be allotted visits with five families per student. A brief sensitization session on the needs and competencies of Family Adoption Programme (FAP) as recommended by the National Medical Council of India was conducted which was followed by sensitization of the students to the FAP document prepared by the department along with hands on practice. Then the students along with their team members visited nearby three villages (Tenmathur, Endal and Kolakudi) for their first family adoption visit. During the visit, they interacted with the family and details were documented, the mentors refined the corrections of the document, and then the students were made to present their families in the power point presentation with their reflective experience of the first family adoption programme visit.

A straightforward, sensitive, and quick spectrophotometric approach was created and validated for the detection of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, Moxifloxacin hydrochloride, and Roxithromycin hydrochloride in pure form. These techniques were based upon the fact that these antibiotics produced dark yellow ion pairs when combined with bromophenol blue. The binary complex in universal buffer solution of the optimum pH values was demonstrated at absorption maxima at 633 nm, 632 nm, and 633 nm for the three drugs, respectively, with bromophenol blue. Various parameters, such as the effect of time and the effect of reagent concentration, were optimized. Beer’s law plots were obeyed in the concentration ranges 2– 8 µg ml-1, 1– 4 µg ml-1, and 1– 6 µg ml-1, for the three drugs, respectively, with bromophenol blue. The detection limits were found to be 1.65, 0.83 and 0.79 μg mL-1, respectively, for Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, Moxifloxacin hydrochloride, and Roxithromycin hydrochloride with bromophenol blue. The correlation coefficient value suggests that all three systems are linearly consistent.

Due to the availability of technology and basic necessities, smart cities are now increasingly populated. In order to inspect, monitor, and signal the availability of parking spaces or slots in crowded regions, we presented a smart parking system that entails the deployment of an IOT module on-site. This project combines IOT with a coordinated framework for an effective and simple method of parking the auto-mobiles without having to look for open spaces. The main intention of this Smart Parking system is to comprise the IOT module which is utilized for signaling the driver of vehicle and mainly its condition of accessibility of single parking spot or place. The project also includes a perspective on the engineering of the framework from an abnormal state. At its conclusion, the project analyses the framework's operation in the form of a usage case that supports the viability of the suggested show. The Arduino Uno and Ultrasonic Range Detection Sensor are used to visually identify the vacant slots. Vehicle drivers can locate the open spot in the parking lot by measuring the distance using ultrasonic sensors. It can reduce the amount of time spent seeking and make it very easy for the driver to find the spot. As soon as a parking space in the parking lot is discovered to be unoccupied, ultrasonic sensors are used to identify it, which results in a further report. Programming the Arduino Uno, sensors, and other components enabled us to accomplish this. The main foremost inspiration of this idea is to minimize the clog of vehicles in urban areas effectively. In the daily newspapers, we have seen many articles with respect to the vehicles stopping issues and parking place issues all over India and mainly in the cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore and numerous metropolitan urban areas. In a recent study, many researchers have found that for one year, the vehicles like cars and bikes are consuming approximately 186823. 5 liters of fuel and releasing almost 825 tons of carbon dioxide. Everyone is responsible for this so, the aimless driving should come to an end in the parking areas where this project is highly suitable to save the nature and parking problems all over the world.

Introduction and Aim: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 16S rRNA and virulence genes associated with Type Three Secretion System (TTSS) has been used as a rapid method for the identification of the pathogen Enterobacter cloacae in leukemia patients. Rapid diagnosis of this pathogen becomes necessary for starting a proper treatment in these patients. In the current study, we aimed to isolate Enterobacter cloacae from leukemia patients and study the TSSS genes associated with these isolates using molecular methods. Materials and Methods: E. cloacae isolates identified using biochemical tests was molecular confirmed by 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genomic DNA extracted was also subjected to the Type Three Secretion System (TTSS) associated virulence genes escV and ascV using specific primers. Results: 30 (23.07%) out of the 130 blood samples tested in this study were identified as E. cloaca by biochemical tests. Further confirmation using molecular methods showed only 11 of these isolates to be 16S rRNA positive. Few of these isolates were positive for the TTSS associated ASCV gene of the samples positive for presence of the ascV gene. All strains were negative for the escV gene. Conclusion: PCR is the best technique in comparison with other conventional methods for the diagnosis of E. cloacae in leukemia patients because of its safety, high sensitivity, specificity, and speed.

Scientists recognize the Caribbean archipelago as a biodiversity hotspot and employ it for their research as a natural laboratory. Yet they do not always appreciate that these ecosystems are in fact palimpsests shaped by multiple human cultures over millennia. Although post-European anthropogenic impacts are well documented, human influx into the region began about 5,000 years prior. Thus, inferences of ecological and evolutionary processes within the Caribbean may in fact represent artifacts of an unrecognized human legacy linked to issues influenced by centuries of colonial rule. The threats posed by stochastic natural and anthropogenically influenced disasters demand that we have an understanding of the natural history of endemic species if we are to halt extinctions and maintain access to traditional livelihoods. However, systematic issues have significantly biased our biological knowledge of the Caribbean. We discuss two case studies of the Caribbean's fragmented natural history collections and the effects of differing governance by the region's multiple nation states. We identify knowledge gaps and highlight a dire need for integrated and accessible inventorying of the Caribbean's collections. Research emphasizing local and international collaboration can lead to positive steps forward and will ultimately help us more accurately study Caribbean biodiversity and the ecological and evolutionary processes that generated it.

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and concomitant disease leads to reduced quality of life, increased hospitalisations and worse survival. Acute pulmonary exacerbations are an important contributor to COPD burden and are associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) events. Both COPD and CVD represent a significant global disease impact and understanding the relationship between the two could potentially reduce this burden. The association between CVD and COPD could be a consequence of (1) shared risk factors (environmental and/or genetic) (2) shared pathophysiological pathways (3) coassociation from a high prevalence of both diseases (4) adverse effects (including pulmonary exacerbations) of COPD contributing to CVD and (5) CVD medications potentially worsening COPD and vice versa. CV risk in COPD has traditionally been associated with increasing disease severity, but there are other relevant COPD subtype associations including radiological subtypes, those with frequent pulmonary exacerbations and novel disease clusters. While the prevalence of CVD is high in COPD populations, it may be underdiagnosed, and improved risk prediction, diagnosis and treatment optimisation could lead to improved outcomes. This state-of-the-art review will explore the incidence/prevalence, COPD subtype associations, shared pathophysiology and genetics, risk prediction, and treatment of CVD in COPD.

Background: Many studies showed a possible exacerbation of psoriasis after exposure to angiotensin receptor antagonists. Azilsartan is a competitive angiotensin II receptor antagonist and has anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory disorders. Objective: Investigate dose-dependent effects of topical Azilsartan on Imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice. Methods: Forty-eight mice are allocated into six groups (8 mice per group). They all received Imiquimod for the induction of psoriasis (except Group I, a negative control group). Group II (Induction group) received petroleum gel for six days after induction with Imiquimod. The other groups (III, IV, V, and VI) were given Clobetasol propionate 0.05, 1% Azilsartan, 3% Azilsartan, and a combination of 3% Azilsartan and 0.05% Clobetasol propionate ointments, respectively once daily for six days after induction. Results: Azilsartan decreased psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score and attenuated the histological manifestations after induction. It significantly decreased the serum and tissue levels of the inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-17, IL-23, and NF-Kβ), especially when used as an add-on therapy to Clobetasol. Conclusion: Topically-applied Azilsartan shows anti-psoriatic effects in Imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice via anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities.

In this study, the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique is proposed to mitigate the influence of an external electric field on the free space optical (FSO) communication. The main advantages of the proposed technique are: decrease the attenuation (decrease bit error rate BER), improve data transmission at all divergence angles, and increase the quality (Q-factor) (even when it decreases at higher divergence angles). The importance of these results can be used to solve the problem of electric discharges that occurs on power transmission lines that interfere with the optical wireless system.

The objective of the current research was to develop the posaconazole (PCZ) loaded NS into the carbopol 934 polymeric gel for prolonged drug release and improved topical delivery; seven different nanosponge formulations of PCZ were formulated using the emulsion solvent diffusion method using various amounts of polymer (ethylcellulose, EC). The aqueous and dispersed phases were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and dichloromethane. The prepared nanosponges (NS) were studied for particle size, structural appearance, and in vitro drug release. Furthermore, the selected formula was formulated as hydrogel and was evaluated for physical characteristics, drug content, and in-vitro drug release. Morphological studies revealed irregular shapes, rough and porous surfaces of nanosponges. The particle sizes were in the range of 201.6 ± 29.9 to 4904.7 ± 540.4 nm. In-vitro release studies revealed the sustained release pattern of the drug-loaded nanosponges. The lyophilized PCZ-NS formula had a 12-fold increase in saturation solubility over PCZ pure powder. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the selected formula showed no significant shifts in the positions of wavenumbers compared to that of pure drug. This indicates there is no interaction between drug and excipients used. PCZ NS loaded hydrogel significantly improved the dissolution rate, which was significantly higher (p is less than 0.05) than that of pure PCZ hydrogel.

Fiber Optic Network is an advanced and modern system technology, which is used in sending pulses of laser light inside a glass of fiber over long distances, widely used in every environment with various sorts of applications in a different field. It is well-known that the main material of fiber optics is glass, therefore it is typical that the temperature can affect the glass during the thermal expansion. This effect will be applied to the properties of the optical components such as refractive index, radius curvature of the fiber optics layers, and also there is an effect on the data transfer through the fiber optics network units. In this paper, the effect of temperature degree on the optical signal and the functions of the fiber optic network will be simulated, measured, and analyzed. The result will be discussed and the conclusion will show the serious points of thermal effects on the optical signal of a fiber-optic network.

Innovative teaching method involves the use of digitals and ICT based tools in teaching and learning. The global technological revolution especially in the areas of business has prompted the need for business education instructional delivery to be technology base if the programme is to achieve its goal of sustainable socio-economic development. Hence, this paper examines emerging innovation in teaching methods in Business Education for sustainable development. The paper also examines the need for the adoption of innovative teaching methods in business education and the challenges to effective utilization of this method in business education. Some recommendations among others were Educational institutions should adopt fully innovative teaching technologies in business education, educational institutions should regularly organize relevant training for lecturers to constantly update their knowledge and skills, training institutions should partner with private sectors to provide adequate pedagogical innovative technologies and stable power supply for lecturer and students and finally Government should increase grants given to educational institutions to enable them provide needed ICT technologies and other infrastructural facilities for effective training of students.

Nutrient-deprived conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrain cancer cell viability due to increased free radicals and reduced energy production. In pancreatic cancer cells a cytosolic metabolic enzyme, wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (wtIDH1), enables adaptation to these conditions. Under nutrient starvation, wtIDH1 oxidizes isocitrate to generate α-ketoglutarate (αKG) for anaplerosis and NADPH to support antioxidant defense. In this study, we show that allosteric inhibitors of mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) are potent wtIDH1 inhibitors under conditions present in the TME. We demonstrate that low magnesium levels facilitate allosteric inhibition of wtIDH1, which is lethal to cancer cells when nutrients are limited. Furthermore, the Food & Drug Administration (FDA)-approved mIDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib (AG-120) dramatically inhibited tumor growth in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer, highlighting this approach as a potential therapeutic strategy against wild-type IDH1 cancers.

With the growing demands of the construction industry, the need for manufacturing cement increases, and it causes challenges to the climate as one ton of cement results in the release of around one ton of CO2. Therefore, it is essential to find an alternative to reduce the environmental impact. This study aims to optimize the properties of concrete containing marble dust and stearic acid to produce eco-friendly and self-cleaning concrete. Stearic acid induces a self-cleaning property in concrete to make it free from moisture, leading to its prolonged service life. Thirteen mixes are designed, using marble dust as a partial replacement of cement by weight (at 10%, 20%, and 30%) and stearic acid by cement weight (at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) in this eco-friendly self-cleaning concrete. Nine mixes were developed using response surface methodology (RSM), where two variable inputs were considered. The compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths were assessed. Other tests such as ultrasonic pulse velocity, Young’s modulus of elasticity, density, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and self-cleaning property have been conducted and evaluated. At 10% replacement of marble dust by the weight of cement and with a 0.5% coating of stearic acid, the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete increases by 12.68%, 21.71%, and 16.73% over the control mix, whereas the best self-cleaning property is observed at 30% partial replacement of cement with marble dust coated with 1.5% of stearic acid.

Interaction of low-density lipoprotein receptors with proprotein convertase subtilisin/ kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a vital role in causing atherosclerosis. It is the hidden precursor of clinical myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, CVD and estimates 60% of deaths worldwide. The current need is to design small molecules to prevent the interaction between PCSK9 with LDL receptors. This study aims to evaluate the PCSK9 antagonistic effect of a derivative of Stevioside (also referred as Methylidene tetracyclo derivative) and atorvastatin. Also, a comparative study was performed to analyze the binding interaction of molecules inside the active and allosteric sites of PCSK9. The RCSB downloaded protein 7S5H and above said ligands were optimized to the local minima energy level and docked inside the active and allosteric sites. The stability of non-bonded interaction of complex was analyzed using Desmond MD simulation studies. The results of docking showed that the Methylidene tetracyclo molecule possesses a two-fold higher affinity of -10.159 kcal/mol in the active site and -10.824 kcal/mol in the allosteric site. The Phe377 amino acid made the Methylidene tetracyclo molecule orient inside the active site. Nine H-bonds with 5 amino acids of allosteric site increase the binding affinity compared to Atorvastatin. The MD simulation studies exposed that the nonbonded interaction of Methylidene tetracyclo molecule was stable throughout 100ns. This confirms the Methylidene tetracyclo molecule will be the better hit as well as the lead molecule to inhibit PCSK9 protein.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most infectious and deadly diseases, especially after the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, in this study, we developed a method to evaluate the ability of using CXCL10, CXCL9, MMP9, suPAR and the expression gene (NF-?B) and their rolesin the diagnosis and treatment of the disease in patients. Also, we used ELISA and qPCR techniques to compare the serum levels of CXCL10, CXCL9, MMP9, suPAR and NF-?B gene in drug resistant and drug sensitive TB. The serum levels of CXCL10, CXCL9, MMP9, suPAR and the expression of NF-?B gene was compared among drug resistant and drug sensitive TB using ELISA and qPCR Techniques, respectively. Our results showed an increasing in the serum levels of CXCL10, CXCL9 and suPAR, in the drug resistant of TB patients but not in the drug sensitive group, however, all of them did not reach the significant level, it was found that expression of NF-?B in drug sensitive group was higher (3.22-fold) than that in the drug resistant-TB patients (2.70-fold).

PurposeIn the developing field of nano-materials synthesis, copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are deemed to be one of the most significant transition metal oxides because of their intriguing characteristics. Its synthesis employing green chemistry principles has become a key source for next-generation antibiotics attributed to its features such as environmental friendliness, ease of use and affordability. Because they are more environmentally benign, plants have been employed to create metallic NPs. These plant extracts serve as capping, stabilising or hydrolytic agents and enable a regulated synthesis as well.Design/methodology/approachOrganic chemical solvents are harmful and entail intense conditions during nanoparticle synthesis. The copper oxide NPs (CuO-NPs) synthesised by employing the green chemistry principle showed potential antitumor properties. Green synthesised CuO-NPs are regarded to be a strong contender for applications in the pharmacological, biomedical and environmental fields.FindingsThe aim of this study is to evaluate the anticancer potential of CuO-NPs plant extracts to isolate and characterise the active anticancer principles as well as to yield more effective, affordable, and safer cancer therapies.Originality/valueThis review article highlights the copper oxide nanoparticle's biomedical applications such as anticancer, antimicrobial, dental and drug delivery properties, future research perspectives and direction are also discussed.

This study presents a small-sized square dipole array slot microstrip antenna for multiband application. This microstrip antenna prototype was modeled using anAnsys HFSS. The 24x24 mm2 antenna prototype was created with 5.5 GHz and 8.2 GHz frequencies. The frequency range is from 5.2 GHz to 5.99 GHz for the centralized frequency of 5.5 GHz, and the frequency range of 7.96 GHz to 8.61 GHz for the centralized frequency of 8.2 GHz. For all multiple resonant frequencies, the antenna simulation results show good directional patterns, gain plots with effective reflection coefficients, as well as a current distribution from the surface. The suggested microstrip antenna prototype supports application in the WiMAX, C-band, and X-band and can be utilized concurrently for wireless communications, IJSRED-International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development

Post weld heat treated AA6061-T6 alloy resulted from the application of a Cu donor stir assisted (CDSA) friction stir welding (FSW) material was examined for crystal structure and mechanical properties. CDSA FSW samples were tested at a constant tool rotational speed of 1400 rpm and a welding translational speed of 1 mm/s. CDSA samples of 20% and 60% thickness of the AA6061-T6 base alloy were selected to assist the FSW joining at the plunge stage. The FSW AA6061-T6 samples were solid solution treated at 540 °C for one hour, followed by quenching in water at room temperature. The samples were then artificially aged at 180 °C for 6 hours, respectively, followed by air cooling. The samples were tested for microstructure, crystal structure, chemical composition, and mechanical properties using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation. The microstructure shows the additional grain refinement in the stir zone (SZ) due to recovery and recrystallization with increasing aging time. Examination of the chemical contents of the FSW AA6061-T6 alloy samples using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed Al (parent material) as the predominant element, while Cu (CDSA) was minimally present as expected. XRD results of the CDSA FSW samples depicted crystal orientations similar to the orientations of the AA6061-T6 alloy. Nanoindentation tests revealed softening effects due to the dissolution of hardening precipitates at the SZ. The hardness of the base metal (BM), left and right regions, is reported as ~ 6.5 GPa, whereas at the SZ, the hardness is ~ 5.5 GPa at a depth of indentation of 4.7 µm.

A new weighted Nadarajah–Haghighi (WNH) distribution, as an alternative competitor model to gamma, standard half-logistic, generalized-exponential, Weibull, and other distributions, is considered. This paper explores both maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation approaches for estimating the parameters, reliability, and hazard rate functions of the WNH distribution when the sample type is Type-II progressive censored order statistics. In the classical interval setup, both asymptotic and bootstrap intervals of each unknown parameter are constructed. Using independent gamma priors and symmetric squared-error loss, the Bayes estimators cannot be obtained theoretically. Thus, two approximation techniques, namely: Lindley and Markov-Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, are used. From MCMC variates, the Bayes credible and highest posterior density intervals of all unknown parameters are also created. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are implemented to compare the performance of the proposed methodologies. Numerical evaluations showed that the estimates developed by the MCMC sampler performed better than the Lindley estimates, and both behaved significantly better than the frequentist estimates. To choose the optimal censoring scheme, several optimality criteria are considered. Three engineering applications, including vehicle fatalities, electronic devices, and electronic components data sets, are provided. These applications demonstrated how the proposed methodologies could be applied in real practice and showed that the proposed model provides a satisfactory fit compared to three new weighted models, namely: weighted exponential, weighted Gompertz, and new weighted Lindley distributions.