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201. Model predictive Direct Flux Vector Control of multi three-phase induction motor drives

Author

Rubino, S., Bojoi, R., Odhano, S.A., Zanchetta, Pericle, Rubino, S., Bojoi, R., Odhano, S.A., and Zanchetta, Pericle

Abstract

A model predictive control scheme for multiphase induction machines, configured as multi three-phase structures, is proposed in this paper. The predictive algorithm uses a Direct Flux Vector Control scheme based on a multi three-phase approach, where each three-phase winding set is independently controlled. In this way, the fault tolerant behavior of the drive system is improved. The proposed solution has been tested with a multi-modular power converter feeding a six-phase asymmetrical induction machine (10kW, 6000 rpm). Complete details about the predictive control scheme and adopted flux observer are included. The experimental validation in both generation and motoring mode is reported, including post open-winding fault operations. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed drive solution.

202. Model predictive Direct Flux Vector Control of multi three-phase induction motor drives

Author

Rubino, S., Bojoi, R., Odhano, S.A., Zanchetta, Pericle, Rubino, S., Bojoi, R., Odhano, S.A., and Zanchetta, Pericle

Abstract

A model predictive control scheme for multiphase induction machines, configured as multi three-phase structures, is proposed in this paper. The predictive algorithm uses a Direct Flux Vector Control scheme based on a multi three-phase approach, where each three-phase winding set is independently controlled. In this way, the fault tolerant behavior of the drive system is improved. The proposed solution has been tested with a multi-modular power converter feeding a six-phase asymmetrical induction machine (10kW, 6000 rpm). Complete details about the predictive control scheme and adopted flux observer are included. The experimental validation in both generation and motoring mode is reported, including post open-winding fault operations. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed drive solution.

203. Model predictive Direct Flux Vector Control of multi three-phase induction motor drives

Author

Rubino, S., Bojoi, R., Odhano, S.A., Zanchetta, Pericle, Rubino, S., Bojoi, R., Odhano, S.A., and Zanchetta, Pericle

Abstract

A model predictive control scheme for multiphase induction machines, configured as multi three-phase structures, is proposed in this paper. The predictive algorithm uses a Direct Flux Vector Control scheme based on a multi three-phase approach, where each three-phase winding set is independently controlled. In this way, the fault tolerant behavior of the drive system is improved. The proposed solution has been tested with a multi-modular power converter feeding a six-phase asymmetrical induction machine (10kW, 6000 rpm). Complete details about the predictive control scheme and adopted flux observer are included. The experimental validation in both generation and motoring mode is reported, including post open-winding fault operations. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed drive solution.

204. Model predictive Direct Flux Vector Control of multi three-phase induction motor drives

Author

Rubino, S., Bojoi, R., Odhano, S.A., Zanchetta, Pericle, Rubino, S., Bojoi, R., Odhano, S.A., and Zanchetta, Pericle

Abstract

A model predictive control scheme for multiphase induction machines, configured as multi three-phase structures, is proposed in this paper. The predictive algorithm uses a Direct Flux Vector Control scheme based on a multi three-phase approach, where each three-phase winding set is independently controlled. In this way, the fault tolerant behavior of the drive system is improved. The proposed solution has been tested with a multi-modular power converter feeding a six-phase asymmetrical induction machine (10kW, 6000 rpm). Complete details about the predictive control scheme and adopted flux observer are included. The experimental validation in both generation and motoring mode is reported, including post open-winding fault operations. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed drive solution.

205. Energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD): Magnetic chiral dichroism in the electron microscope

Author

Rubino, S., Schattschneider, P., Stöger-Pollach, M., Hébert, C., Rusz, J., Calmels, L., Warot-Fonrose, B., Houdellier, F., Serin, V., Novak, P., Rubino, S., Schattschneider, P., Stöger-Pollach, M., Hébert, C., Rusz, J., Calmels, L., Warot-Fonrose, B., Houdellier, F., Serin, V., and Novak, P.

Abstract

A new technique called energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) has recently been developed [P. Schattschneider, et al. Nature 441, 486 (2006)] to measure magnetic circular dichroism in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a spatial resolution of 10 nm. This novel technique is the TEM counterpart of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, which is widely used for the characterization of magnetic materials with synchrotron radiation. In this paper we describe several experimental methods that can be used to measure the EMCD signal [P. Schattschneider, et al. Nature 441, 486 (2006); C. Hébert, et al. Ultramicroscopy 108(3), 277 (2008); B. Warot-Fonrose, et al. Ultramicroscopy 108(5), 393 (2008); L. Calmels, et al. Phys. Rev. B 76, 060409 (2007); P. van Aken, et al. Microsc. Microanal. 13(3), 426 (2007)] and give a review of the recent improvements of this new investigation tool. The dependence of the EMCD on several experimental conditions (such as thickness, relative orientation of beam and sample, collection and convergence angle) is investigated in the transition metals iron, cobalt, and nickel. Different scattering geometries are illustrated; their advantages and disadvantages are detailed, together with current limitations. The next realistic perspectives of this technique consist of measuring atomic specific magnetic moments, using suitable spin and orbital sum rules, [L. Calmels, et al. Phys. Rev. B 76, 060409 (2007); J. Rusz, et al. Phys. Rev. B 76, 060408 (2007)] with a resolution down to 2 to 3 nm

211. Asthma associated with small-cell lung cancer.

Author

Dionisi, Maria, Rubino, Simonetta, Dionisi, M S, and Rubino, S

Abstract

Bronchial asthma due to small-cell carcinoma is very rare and reports in the literature are few. This paper reports such a case. Asthma was the only noteworthy clinical manifestation of admission. More detailed examination, undertaken because the patient failed to respond to bronchodilator therapy, revealed a pulmonary carcinoma. The bronchoconstriction responded only to octreotide therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1995
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212. Outstanding Symposium Paper/Review: Energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD): Magnetic chiral dichroism in the electron microscope.

Author

Rubino, S., Schattschneider, P., Stöger-Pollach, M., Hébert, C., Rusz, J., Calmels, L., Warot-Fonrose, B., Houdellier, F., Serin, V., and Novak, P.

Subjects
DICHROISM, ENERGY dissipation, MAGNETIC circular dichroism, TRANSMISSION electron microscopes, SPECTRUM analysis, MAGNETISM
Abstract

A new technique called energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) has recently been developed [P. Schattschneider, et al. Nature441, 486 (2006)] to measure magnetic circular dichroism in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a spatial resolution of 10 nm. This novel technique is the TEM counterpart of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, which is widely used for the characterization of magnetic materials with synchrotron radiation. In this paper we describe several experimental methods that can be used to measure the EMCD signal [P. Schattschneider, et al. Nature441, 486 (2006); C. Hébert, et al. Ultramicroscopy108(3), 277 (2008); B. Warot-Fonrose, et al. Ultramicroscopy108(5), 393 (2008); L. Calmels, et al. Phys. Rev. B76, 060409 (2007); P. van Aken, et al. Microsc. Microanal.13(3), 426 (2007)] and give a review of the recent improvements of this new investigation tool. The dependence of the EMCD on several experimental conditions (such as thickness, relative orientation of beam and sample, collection and convergence angle) is investigated in the transition metals iron, cobalt, and nickel. Different scattering geometries are illustrated; their advantages and disadvantages are detailed, together with current limitations. The next realistic perspectives of this technique consist of measuring atomic specific magnetic moments, using suitable spin and orbital sum rules, [L. Calmels, et al. Phys. Rev. B76, 060409 (2007); J. Rusz, et al. Phys. Rev. B76, 060408 (2007)] with a resolution down to 2 to 3 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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213. An Application of Fetography

Author

Messana, V. and RUBINO, S. M.

Abstract

To the Editor.—Aminiography performed with an oil-soluble contrast medium is called fetography.1 This procedure outlines the fetal surfaces, and thus far has been used to detect fetal soft tissue malformations, to facilitate intrauterine transfusion by outlining the fetal anterior abdominal wall, and occasionally to determine the sex of the fetus.2A contrast medium that has a particular affinity for the vernix caseosa is necessary. Only by making evident the vernix on the fetal skin is it possible to obtain a good outline of the fetus. The vernix caseosa disappears from the fetal body surface toward the end of the normal period of gestation, and is always absent from the skin of some dystrophic fetuses.3Thus, when fetography fails to visualize the fetal borders, and fragments of vernix caseosa coated by contrast medium appear within the amniotic fluid, one may assume that the fetus is dystrophic or

Published
1974
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214. Past, present, and future of global health financing: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995–2050

Author

Angela Y. Chang, Krycia Cowling, Angela E. Micah, Abigail Chapin, Catherine S. Chen, Gloria Ikilezi, Nafis Sadat, Golsum Tsakalos, Junjie Wu, Theodore Younker, Yingxi Zhao, Bianca S. Zlavog, Cristiana Abbafati, Anwar E Ahmed, Khurshid Alam, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Mohammed J. Almalki, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Walid Ammar, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Mina Anjomshoa, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Jalal Arabloo, Olatunde Aremu, Marcel Ausloos, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Ashish Awasthi, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Samad Azari, Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Bernhard T Baune, Mohsen Bayati, Yared Belete Belay, Yihalem Abebe Belay, Habte Belete, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Adam E. Berman, Mircea Beuran, Ali Bijani, Reinhard Busse, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ferrán Catalá-López, Bal Govind Chauhan, Maria-Magdalena Constantin, Christopher Stephen Crowe, Alexandra Cucu, Koustuv Dalal, Jan-Walter De Neve, Selina Deiparine, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Huyen Phuc Do, Manisha Dubey, Maha El Tantawi, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Reza Esmaeili, Mahdi Fakhar, Ali Akbar Fazaeli, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A. Foigt, Takeshi Fukumoto, Nancy Fullman, Adriana Galan, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Alireza Ghajar, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Ketevan Goginashvili, Annie Haakenstad, Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli, Samer Hamidi, Hilda L. Harb, Edris Hasanpoor, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Simon I. Hay, Delia Hendrie, Andualem Henok, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Claudiu Herteliu, Chi Linh Hoang, Michael K. Hole, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Naznin Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sorin Hostiuc, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amir Jalali, Spencer L. James, Jost B. Jonas, Mikk Jürisson, Rajendra Kadel, Behzad Karami Matin, Amir Kasaeian, Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye, Mesfin Wudu Kassaw, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Roghayeh Khabiri, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Young-Ho Khang, Adnan Kisa, Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek, Stefan Kohler, Ai Koyanagi, Kristopher J. Krohn, Ricky Leung, Lee-Ling Lim, Stefan Lorkowski, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Morteza Mansourian, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Benjamin Ballard Massenburg, Martin McKee, Varshil Mehta, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Neda Milevska Kostova, Ted R Miller, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Bahram Mohajer, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Shafiu Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H Mokdad, Shane Douglas Morrison, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Saravanan Muthupandian, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Vinay Nangia, Ionut Negoi, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Son Hoang Nguyen, Shirin Nosratnejad, Olanrewaju Oladimeji, Stefano Olgiati, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Adrian Pana, David M. Pereira, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Sergio I Prada, Mostafa Qorbani, Mohammad Rabiee, Navid Rabiee, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Usha Ram, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Anna Ranta, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Satar Rezaei, Elias Merdassa Roro, Ali Rostami, Salvatore Rubino, Mohamadreza Salahshoor, Abdallah M. Samy, Juan Sanabria, João Vasco Santos, Milena M Santric Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Miloje Savic, Falk Schwendicke, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Masood Sepehrimanesh, Aziz Sheikh, Mark G Shrime, Solomon Sisay, Shahin Soltani, Moslem Soofi, Vinay Srinivasan, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Anna Torre, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Pascual R Valdez, Job F M van Boven, Veronica Vargas, Yousef Veisani, Francesco S Violante, Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov, Vasily Vlassov, Sebastian Vollmer, Giang Thu Vu, Charles D A Wolfe, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z. Younis, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Sojib Bin Zaman, Alireza Zangeneh, Elias Asfaw Zegeye, Arash Ziapour, Adrienne Chew, Christopher J L Murray, Joseph L Dieleman, Chang A.Y., Cowling K., Micah A.E., Chapin A., Chen C.S., Ikilezi G., Sadat N., Tsakalos G., Wu J., Younker T., Zhao Y., Zlavog B.S., Abbafati C., Ahmed A.E., Alam K., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Almalki M.J., Alvis-Guzman N., Ammar W., Andrei C.L., Anjomshoa M., Antonio C.A.T., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Awasthi A., Ayanore M.A., Azari S., Azzopardi-Muscat N., Bagherzadeh M., Barnighausen T.W., Baune B.T., Bayati M., Belay Y.B., Belay Y.A., Belete H., Berbada D.A., Berman A.E., Beuran M., Bijani A., Busse R., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L.A., Catala-Lopez F., Chauhan B.G., Constantin M.-M., Crowe C.S., Cucu A., Dalal K., De Neve J.-W., Deiparine S., Demeke F.M., Do H.P., Dubey M., El Tantawi M., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeili R., Fakhar M., Fazaeli A.A., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Fukumoto T., Fullman N., Galan A., Gamkrelidze A., Gezae K.E., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Goginashvili K., Haakenstad A., Haghparast Bidgoli H., Hamidi S., Harb H.L., Hasanpoor E., Hassen H.Y., Hay S.I., Hendrie D., Henok A., Heredia-Pi I., Herteliu C., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Homaie Rad E., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc S., Ilesanmi O.S., Irvani S.S.N., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., James S.L., Jonas J.B., Jurisson M., Kadel R., Karami Matin B., Kasaeian A., Kasaye H.K., Kassaw M.W., Kazemi Karyani A., Khabiri R., Khan J., Khan M.N., Khang Y.-H., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Kohler S., Koyanagi A., Krohn K.J., Leung R., Lim L.-L., Lorkowski S., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Mansourian M., Mantovani L.G., Massenburg B.B., McKee M., Mehta V., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Milevska Kostova N., Miller T.R., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mohajer B., Mohammad Darwesh A., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Morrison S.D., Mousavi S.M., Muthupandian S., Nagarajan A.J., Nangia V., Negoi I., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen S.H., Nosratnejad S., Oladimeji O., Olgiati S., Olusanya J.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Otstavnov S.S., Pana A., Pereira D.M., Piroozi B., Prada S.I., Qorbani M., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Ram U., Ranabhat C.L., Ranta A., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rezaei S., Roro E.M., Rostami A., Rubino S., Salahshoor M., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santos J.V., Santric Milicevic M.M., Sao Jose B.P., Savic M., Schwendicke F., Sepanlou S.G., Sepehrimanesh M., Sheikh A., Shrime M.G., Sisay S., Soltani S., Soofi M., Srinivasan V., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Torre A., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Undurraga E.A., Valdez P.R., van Boven J.F.M., Vargas V., Veisani Y., Violante F.S., Vladimirov S.K., Vlassov V., Vollmer S., Vu G.T., Wolfe C.D.A., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefifard M., Zaman S.B., Zangeneh A., Zegeye E.A., Ziapour A., Chew A., Murray C.J.L., Dieleman J.L., Global Burden Dis Hlth Financing C, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Chang, A, Cowling, K, Micah, A, Chapin, A, Chen, C, Ikilezi, G, Sadat, N, Tsakalos, G, Wu, J, Younker, T, Zhao, Y, Zlavog, B, Abbafati, C, Ahmed, A, Alam, K, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almalki, M, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ammar, W, Andrei, C, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, C, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awasthi, A, Ayanore, M, Azari, S, Azzopardi-Muscat, N, Bagherzadeh, M, Barnighausen, T, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Belay, Y, Belete, H, Berbada, D, Berman, A, Beuran, M, Bijani, A, Busse, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Catala-Lopez, F, Chauhan, B, Constantin, M, Crowe, C, Cucu, A, Dalal, K, De Neve, J, Deiparine, S, Demeke, F, Do, H, Dubey, M, Tantawi, M, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeili, R, Fakhar, M, Fazaeli, A, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Fukumoto, T, Fullman, N, Galan, A, Gamkrelidze, A, Gezae, K, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Goginashvili, K, Haakenstad, A, Bidgoli, H, Hamidi, S, Harb, H, Hasanpoor, E, Hassen, H, Hay, S, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Heredia-Pi, I, Herteliu, C, Hoang, C, Hole, M, Rad, E, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Ilesanmi, O, Irvani, S, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, James, S, Jonas, J, Jurisson, M, Kadel, R, Matin, B, Kasaeian, A, Kasaye, H, Kassaw, M, Karyani, A, Khabiri, R, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Kisa, A, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kohler, S, Koyanagi, A, Krohn, K, Leung, R, Lim, L, Lorkowski, S, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Mansourian, M, Mantovani, L, Massenburg, B, Mckee, M, Mehta, V, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Kostova, N, Miller, T, Mirrakhimov, E, Mohajer, B, Darwesh, A, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Morrison, S, Mousavi, S, Muthupandian, S, Nagarajan, A, Nangia, V, Negoi, I, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, S, Nosratnejad, S, Oladimeji, O, Olgiati, S, Olusanya, J, Onwujekwe, O, Otstavnov, S, Pana, A, Pereira, D, Piroozi, B, Prada, S, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Ram, U, Ranabhat, C, Ranta, A, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rezaei, S, Roro, E, Rostami, A, Rubino, S, Salahshoor, M, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santos, J, Milicevic, M, Jose, B, Savic, M, Schwendicke, F, Sepanlou, S, Sepehrimanesh, M, Sheikh, A, Shrime, M, Sisay, S, Soltani, S, Soofi, M, Srinivasan, V, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Torre, A, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Tran, K, Undurraga, E, Valdez, P, Van Boven, J, Vargas, V, Veisani, Y, Violante, F, Vladimirov, S, Vlassov, V, Vollmer, S, Vu, G, Wolfe, C, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefifard, M, Zaman, S, Zangeneh, A, Zegeye, E, Ziapour, A, Chew, A, Murray, C, and Dieleman, J

Subjects
health financing, coverage, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, systematic analysis, Global Health, Gross domestic product, DISEASE, burden, project, 0302 clinical medicine, Per capita, Global health, Healthcare Financing, 030212 general & internal medicine, our of pocket, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Government spending, government, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Public Assistance, COVERAGE, Models, Economic, 8. Economic growth, health financing, project, government, our of pocket, BURDEN, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, Gross Domestic Product, Department of Error, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, General & Internal Medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Revenue, Humans, medicine (all), Health policy, Finance, sex-specific mortality, Government, disease, Science & Technology, SEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, business.industry, Prepaid Health Plan, International health, Global Burden of Disease Health Financing Collaborator Network, Health Expenditure, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Human medicine, Health Expenditures, business, Prepaid Health Plans
Abstract

Published Erratum. Past, present, and future of global health financing: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995-2050. Lancet. 2021 Sep 11;398(10304):956. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01806-7. PMID: 34509230. BACKGROUND: Comprehensive and comparable estimates of health spending in each country are a key input for health policy and planning, and are necessary to support the achievement of national and international health goals. Previous studies have tracked past and projected future health spending until 2040 and shown that, with economic development, countries tend to spend more on health per capita, with a decreasing share of spending from development assistance and out-of-pocket sources. We aimed to characterise the past, present, and predicted future of global health spending, with an emphasis on equity in spending across countries. METHODS: We estimated domestic health spending for 195 countries and territories from 1995 to 2016, split into three categories-government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private health spending-and estimated development assistance for health (DAH) from 1990 to 2018. We estimated future scenarios of health spending using an ensemble of linear mixed-effects models with time series specifications to project domestic health spending from 2017 through 2050 and DAH from 2019 through 2050. Data were extracted from a broad set of sources tracking health spending and revenue, and were standardised and converted to inflation-adjusted 2018 US dollars. Incomplete or low-quality data were modelled and uncertainty was estimated, leading to a complete data series of total, government, prepaid private, and out-of-pocket health spending, and DAH. Estimates are reported in 2018 US dollars, 2018 purchasing-power parity-adjusted dollars, and as a percentage of gross domestic product. We used demographic decomposition methods to assess a set of factors associated with changes in government health spending between 1995 and 2016 and to examine evidence to support the theory of the health financing transition. We projected two alternative future scenarios based on higher government health spending to assess the potential ability of governments to generate more resources for health. FINDINGS: Between 1995 and 2016, health spending grew at a rate of 4·00% (95% uncertainty interval 3·89-4·12) annually, although it grew slower in per capita terms (2·72% [2·61-2·84]) and increased by less than $1 per capita over this period in 22 of 195 countries. The highest annual growth rates in per capita health spending were observed in upper-middle-income countries (5·55% [5·18-5·95]), mainly due to growth in government health spending, and in lower-middle-income countries (3·71% [3·10-4·34]), mainly from DAH. Health spending globally reached $8·0 trillion (7·8-8·1) in 2016 (comprising 8·6% [8·4-8·7] of the global economy and $10·3 trillion [10·1-10·6] in purchasing-power parity-adjusted dollars), with a per capita spending of US$5252 (5184-5319) in high-income countries, $491 (461-524) in upper-middle-income countries, $81 (74-89) in lower-middle-income countries, and $40 (38-43) in low-income countries. In 2016, 0·4% (0·3-0·4) of health spending globally was in low-income countries, despite these countries comprising 10·0% of the global population. In 2018, the largest proportion of DAH targeted HIV/AIDS ($9·5 billion, 24·3% of total DAH), although spending on other infectious diseases (excluding tuberculosis and malaria) grew fastest from 2010 to 2018 (6·27% per year). The leading sources of DAH were the USA and private philanthropy (excluding corporate donations and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation). For the first time, we included estimates of China's contribution to DAH ($644·7 million in 2018). Globally, health spending is projected to increase to $15·0 trillion (14·0-16·0) by 2050 (reaching 9·4% [7·6-11·3] of the global economy and $21·3 trillion [19·8-23·1] in purchasing-power parity-adjusted dollars), but at a lower growth rate of 1·84% (1·68-2·02) annually, and with continuing disparities in spending between countries. In 2050, we estimate that 0·6% (0·6-0·7) of health spending will occur in currently low-income countries, despite these countries comprising an estimated 15·7% of the global population by 2050. The ratio between per capita health spending in high-income and low-income countries was 130·2 (122·9-136·9) in 2016 and is projected to remain at similar levels in 2050 (125·9 [113·7-138·1]). The decomposition analysis identified governments' increased prioritisation of the health sector and economic development as the strongest factors associated with increases in government health spending globally. Future government health spending scenarios suggest that, with greater prioritisation of the health sector and increased government spending, health spending per capita could more than double, with greater impacts in countries that currently have the lowest levels of government health spending. INTERPRETATION: Financing for global health has increased steadily over the past two decades and is projected to continue increasing in the future, although at a slower pace of growth and with persistent disparities in per-capita health spending between countries. Out-of-pocket spending is projected to remain substantial outside of high-income countries. Many low-income countries are expected to remain dependent on development assistance, although with greater government spending, larger investments in health are feasible. In the absence of sustained new investments in health, increasing efficiency in health spending is essential to meet global health targets. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Sí

Published
2019

215. Fault-Tolerant Torque Control Based on Common and Differential Mode Modeling for Multi-Three-Phase Induction Machines

Author

Radu Bojoi, Sandro Rubino, Luca Zarri, Eric Armando, Rubino S., Armando E., Bojoi R., and Zarri L.

Subjects
Scheme (programming language), direct flux vector control, Computer science, Stator, 020209 energy, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Control (management), induction motor drive, multiphase electrical machines, Fault tolerance, 02 engineering and technology, induction motor drives, law.invention, Three-phase, Control theory, law, fault-tolerant torque control, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Torque, Differential (infinitesimal), computer, Induction motor, computer.programming_language
Abstract

Among the multiphase solutions, multi-three-phase drives are experiencing significant industrial development since they can be configured as multiple three-phase units operating in parallel. The literature reports several control approaches to perform the torque regulation of multi-three-phase machines. Most of such solutions use the vector space decomposition (VSD) approach since it allows the control of a multi-three-phase machine using the conventional control schemes of three-phase drives, reducing the complexity of the control algorithm. However, this advantage is practically lost in the case of open-three-phase faults. Indeed, the post-fault operation of the VSD-based drive schemes requires the implementation of additional control modules, often specifically designed for the machine under consideration. Therefore, this paper aims at proposing a novel control approach that allows using any control scheme developed for three-phase motors to perform the torque regulation of a multi-three-phase machine both in healthy and faulty operation. In this way, the previously mentioned drawbacks of the VSD-based control schemes in dealing with the machine's faulty operation are avoided. Moreover, the simplicity of the control algorithm is always preserved regardless of the machine operating condition. The proposed solution has been experimentally validated through a 12-phase induction motor, rated 10 kW at 6000 r/min, which uses a quadruple-three-phase configuration of the stator winding.

Published
2021

216. Caustic ingestion: CT findings of esophageal injuries and thoracic complications

Author

Massimo Midiri, Leonardo Salvaggio, Giuseppe Salvaggio, Ilenia Costanza, Francesco Agnello, Sara Rubino, Rosalia Gargano, M. Messina, Giuseppe Cutaia, Ludovico La Grutta, Elisabetta Reitano, Cutaia G., Messina M., Rubino S., Reitano E., Salvaggio L., Costanza I., Agnello F., La Grutta L., Midiri M., Salvaggio G., and Gargano R.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Caustics, Esophagopleural fistula, Perforation (oil well), Computed tomography, Abdominal Injuries, Caustic ingestion, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Esophageal diverticulum, 03 medical and health sciences, Eating, 0302 clinical medicine, Esophageal perforation, Burns, Chemical, medicine, Ingestion, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Ct findings, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Pharynx, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Endoscopy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Emergency Medicine, Radiology, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract

Ingestion of caustic substances, whether accidental or for the purpose of suicide, can cause severe lesions of the lips, oral cavity, pharynx, upper gastrointestinal system, and upper airways. In particular, caustic agents could be responsible for severe esophageal injuries resulting in short- and long-term complications. Because of these important clinical implications, timely diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial. In the evaluation of esophageal injuries, thoraco-abdominal computed tomography (CT) is preferable to endoscopy as it avoids the risk of esophageal perforation and allows the evaluation of esophageal injuries as well as of the surrounding tissue. In this review, we report CT findings of esophageal injuries and possible related thoracic complications caused by caustic ingestion.

Published
2021

217. Decoupled and Modular Torque Control of Multi-Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives

Author

Radu Bojoi, Sandro Rubino, Davide Cittanti, Luca Zarri, Rubino S., Bojoi R., Cittanti D., and Zarri L.

Subjects
Computer science, Stator, Direct flux vector control, induction motor drives, multiphase electrical machines, multiphase motor drives, induction motor drive, multiphase electrical machines, 02 engineering and technology, induction motor drives, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, Induction machine, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Direct flux vector control, Torque, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, multiphase electrical machine, 050107 human factors, multiphase motor drives, Coupling, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 05 social sciences, Control engineering, Modular design, Control and Systems Engineering, Electromagnetic coil, business, Induction motor, Decoupling (electronics)
Abstract

In recent years, the development of multi-three-phase drives for both energy production and transportation electrification has gained growing attention. An essential feature of the multi-three-phase drives is their modularity since they can be configured as three-phase units operating in parallel and with a modular control scheme. The so-called multi-stator modeling approach represents a suitable solution for the implementation of modular control strategies able to deal with several three-phase units. Nevertheless, the use of the multi-stator approach leads to relevant coupling terms in the resulting set of equations. To solve this issue, a new decoupling transformation for the decoupled torque control of multi-three-phase induction motor drives is proposed. The experimental validation has been carried out with a modular power converter feeding a 12-phase induction machine prototype (10 kW, 6000 r/min) using a quadruple three-phase stator winding configuration.

Published
2020

218. Asymmetry of the two-beam geometry in EMCD experiments.

Author

RUSZ, J., OPPENEER, P. M., LIDBAUM, H., RUBINO, S., and LEIFER, K.

Subjects
*ASYMMETRY (Chemistry), *CHIRALITY, *DICHROISM, *OPTICAL diffraction, *GEOMETRY
Abstract

We analyse theoretically the influence of the asymmetry of the two-beam geometry on quantitative measurements of the energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism. Our simulations indicate that this asymmetry is not very strong inside or close to the Thales circle, but in other regions of the diffraction plane it can hinder an accurate extraction of the orbital to spin moment ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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219. Predicting the environmental suitability for onchocerciasis in Africa as an aid to elimination planning

Author

Fereshteh Ansari, Richard C. Franklin, Naznin Hossain, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez, Mahdi Bohluli, Irena Ilic, Anwar Faraj, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Sanni Yaya, Hagos Degefa Hidru, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Ehsan Sadeghi, Bach Xuan Tran, Leila Zaki, Mohammad Miri, Maha El Tantawi, Maciej Banach, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Kira A Barbre, Chigozie Jesse Uneke, Mehdi Naderi, Behzad Karami Matin, Yunquan Zhang, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Zahid A Butt, Nuruzzaman Khan, Robert L. Thompson, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Rovshan Khalilov, Usman Iqbal, K M Shivakumar, Leili Tapak, Chris A Schmidt, Priya Rathi, Shanshan Li, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Chuanhua Yu, Elizabeth A. Cromwell, Davood Anvari, Hoa Thi Do, Abdullah Al Mamun, Obinna Onwujekwe, Serge Resnikoff, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Joshua C. P. Osborne, Farahnaz Joukar, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Turki Alanzi, Katie M Donkers, Amir Kasaeian, Eirini Skiadaresi, Aleksandra Barac, Simon I. Hay, Paul S. F. Yip, Tomislav Mestrovic, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Katherine Gass, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Gurudatta Naik, Joshua Longbottom, Somayeh Bohlouli, Aziz Rezapour, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Khaled Khatab, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Ahmed Omar Bali, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Paul H. Lee, Vahid Alipour, Kebede Deribe, Megan F. Schipp, Ziyad Al-Aly, Biagio Simonetti, Masoud Moradi, Jalal Arabloo, Reza Rawassizadeh, Saif Ullah, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Demelash Abewa Elemineh, Abedin Saghafipour, Fakher Rahim, Tinuke O Olagunju, Kimberly B. Johnson, Souranshu Chatterjee, Salvatore Rubino, Nataliya Foigt, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Taras Kavetskyy, Carlo La Vecchia, Eduarda Fernandes, Mohsen Mazidi, Claudiu Herteliu, Sojib Bin Zaman, Aziz Sheikh, Yong Yu, David Laith Rawaf, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Natalie V S Vinkeles Melchers, Samath D Dharmaratne, Enrico Rubagotti, Fahad Alanezi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Masoud Foroutan, B. Suresh Kumar Shetty, Milena Ilic, Melese Abate Reta, Dian Kusuma, Ali Manafi, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Giovanni Damiani, Kanaan Hamagharib Abdullah, Desalegn Tadese Mengistu, Van C. Lansingh, Till Bärnighausen, Benjamin F. Arnold, Natalie Maria Cormier, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ahmad Daryani, Ali Bijani, Jae Il Shin, Samer Hamidi, Jasvinder A. Singh, Mohsen Bayati, Tomohide Yamada, Zubair Kabir, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Jonathan F. Mosser, Gbenga A. Kayode, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Shahin Soltani, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Salah Eddin Karimi, Alan J Thomson, Daniel Diaz, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Adrian Pana, Salman Rawaf, Oliver J. Brady, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Yousef Fatahi, Sadia Bibi, Bogdan Oancea, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Kelemu Tilahun Kibret, Valery L. Feigin, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Ted R. Miller, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Atif Amin Baig, Maryam Zamanian, Kate E. LeGrand, Salahuddin Mohammed, Yuming Guo, Irfan Ullah, Hebat Allah Salah A. Yousof, Mowafa Househ, Ionut Negoi, Naohiro Yonemoto, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Hadi Pourjafar, Navid Manafi, Neda Kianipour, Abraham Getachew Kelbore, Victor Adekanmbi, Seid Tiku Mereta, Olalekan A. Uthman, Arash Ziapour, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Francesco Saverio Violante, Monika Sawhney, Paula Moraga, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, María-Gloria Basáñez, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Mustafa Geleto Ansha, Mona M. Khater, Andrew T Olagunju, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Davide Guido, Kiomars Sharafi, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Tarig B. Higazi, Afshin Maleki, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Soewarta Kosen, Amin Soheili, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Thomas R. Unnasch, Mohsen Afarideh, Takahiro Tabuchi, Shreya Shirude, Marcel Ausloos, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Amira Shaheen, Shafiu Mohammed, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Eugenio Traini, Leila R Kalankesh, Kris J. Krohn, Colm McAlinden, Walter Mendoza, Maryam Keramati, Ravi Prakash Jha, David M. Pigott, Elex Hill, Abdallah M. Samy, Farah Daoud, Wanji, Samuel, Public Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), Department for International Development (Reino Unido), Unión Europea, Cromwell E.A., Osborne J.C.P., Unnasch T.R., Basanez M., Gass K.M., Barbre K.A., Hill E., Johnson K.B., Donkers K.M., Shirude S., Schmidt C.A., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Afarideh M., Ahmadpour E., Beshir Ahmed M., Yihunie Akalu T., Al-Aly Z., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alipour V., Andrei C.L., Ansari F., Ansha M.G., Anvari D., Yaw Appiah S.C., Arabloo J., Arnold B.F., Ausloos M., Ayanore M.A., Amin Baig A., Banach M., Barac A., Barnighausen T.W., Bayati M., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bibi S., Bijani A., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Butt Z.A., Carvalho F., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chattu S.K., Cormier N.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Daoud F., Darwesh A.M., Daryani A., Deribe K., Dharmaratne S.D., Diaz D., Do H.T., El Sayed Zak M., El Tantawi M., Elemineh D.A., Faraj A., Harandi M.F., Fatahi Y., Feigin V.L., Fernandes E., Foigt N.A., Foroutan M., Franklin R.C., Mohialdeen Gubari M.I., Guido D., Guo Y., Haj-Mirzaian A., Abdullah K.H., Hamidi S., Herteliu C., De Hidru H.D., Higazi T.B., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic M.D., Ilic I.M., Iqbal U., Naghibi Irvani S.S., Jha R.P., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir Z., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Matin B.K., Karimi S.E., Kasaeian A., Kavetskyy T., Kayode G.A., Karyani A.K., Kelbore A.G., Keramati M., Khalilov R., Khan E.A., Nuruzzaman Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Kianipour N., Kibret K.T., Kim Y.J., Kosen S., Krohn K.J., Kusuma D., Vecchia C.L., Lansingh Van C., Lee P.H., Legrand K.E., Li S., Longbottom J., Abd El Razek H.M., Abd El Razek M.M., Maleki A., Mamun A.A., Manafi A., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Mazidi M., McAlinden C., Meharie B.G., Mendoza W., Mengesha E.W., Mengistu D.T., Mereta S.T., Mestrovic T., Miller T.R., Miri M., Moghadaszadeh M., Hafshejani A.M., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosser J.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Negoi I., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen T.H., Nikbakhsh R., Oancea B., Olagunju T.O., Olagunju A.T., Bali A.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Pana A., Pourjafar H., Rahim F., Ur Rahman M.H., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawassizadeh R., Resnikoff S., Reta M.A., Rezapour A., Rubagotti E., Rubino S., Sadeghi E., Saghafipour A., Sajadi S.M., Samy A.M., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sawhney M., Schipp M.F., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi K., Sheikh A., Kumar Shetty B.S., Shin J.I., Shivakumar K.M., Simonetti B., Singh J.A., Skiadaresi E., Soheili A., Soltani S., Spurlock E.E., Sufiyan M.B., Tabuchi T., Tapak L., Thompson R.L., Thomson A.J., Traini E., Tran B.X., Ullah I., Ullah S., Uneke C.J., Unnikrishnan B., Uthman O.A., Melchers N.V.S.V., Violante F.S., Wolde H.F., Wonde T.E., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yazdi Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yu C., Yu Y., Yusefzadeh H., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamanian M., Zhang Z.-J., Zhang Y., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Pigott D.M., and Cuidado de la Salud y Desarrollo Sostenible

Subjects
Oncocercosis, Decision Analysis, RC955-962, Onchocerciasis, law.invention, Geographical Locations, Medical Conditions, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Onchocerca, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Data Management, biology, Pharmaceutics, wc_695, Enfermedades Parasitarias, Onchocerciasi, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Transmission (mechanics), Helminth Infections, Engineering and Technology, Mass Drug Administration, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Management Engineering, Cartography, Human, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Computer and Information Sciences, Drug Administration, 030231 tropical medicine, Decision tree, wa_395, Dermatology, wc_765, Environment, wc_885, Research and Analysis Methods, Skin Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Therapy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Diagnostic Medicine, Tropical Medicine, Parasitic Diseases, medicine, Humans, Disease Eradication, Spatial analysis, Ivermectin, Data collection, Receiver operating characteristic, Data Visualization, Decision Trees, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 06 Biological Sciences, Elimination planning, Africa, Implementation units, Public health, Tropical Diseases, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Health Care, ROC Curve, People and Places, Health Statistics, Morbidity, Scale (map), Forecasting
Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that, in some foci, elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa may be feasible with mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin. To achieve continental elimination of transmission, mapping surveys will need to be conducted across all implementation units (IUs) for which endemicity status is currently unknown. Using boosted regression tree models with optimised hyperparameter selection, we estimated environmental suitability for onchocerciasis at the 5 × 5-km resolution across Africa. In order to classify IUs that include locations that are environmentally suitable, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify an optimal threshold for suitability concordant with locations where onchocerciasis has been previously detected. This threshold value was then used to classify IUs (more suitable or less suitable) based on the location within the IU with the largest mean prediction. Mean estimates of environmental suitability suggest large areas across West and Central Africa, as well as focal areas of East Africa, are suitable for onchocerciasis transmission, consistent with the presence of current control and elimination of transmission efforts. The ROC analysis identified a mean environmental suitability index of 0·71 as a threshold to classify based on the location with the largest mean prediction within the IU. Of the IUs considered for mapping surveys, 50·2% exceed this threshold for suitability in at least one 5 × 5-km location. The formidable scale of data collection required to map onchocerciasis endemicity across the African continent presents an opportunity to use spatial data to identify areas likely to be suitable for onchocerciasis transmission. National onchocerciasis elimination programmes may wish to consider prioritising these IUs for mapping surveys as human resources, laboratory capacity, and programmatic schedules may constrain survey implementation, and possibly delaying MDA initiation in areas that would ultimately qualify., Author summary As of 2018, it was unknown if onchocerciasis transmission occurred among approximately 2 400 implementation units (IUs; typically, second administrative-level units, such as districts) considered potentially endemic. These IUs have either never been surveyed for onchocerciasis or historical data are not sufficient to define contemporary endemicity status. Given the large number of IUs for which baseline data collection is likely required to achieve continental elimination, there is a need to prioritise areas for surveys to ensure that those suitable for endemic transmission, and therefore potentially eligible for mass drug administration, are able to initiate interventions as soon as possible. We used boosted regression trees to predict environmental suitability for onchocerciasis, with corresponding measures of uncertainty. We summarized the fine scale spatial predictions at the IU level by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to identify a threshold that maximized agreement with the occurrence locations to identify IUs that may warrant prioritisation for mapping surveys. This analysis suggests that approximately half of the IUs considered for surveys could be classified as environmentally suitable for onchocerciasis. In order to develop an elimination strategy, many national onchocerciasis elimination programmes (NOEPs) need a mechanism to synthesise historical data to define priority areas for surveys.

Published
2021

220. SipA, SopA, SopB, SopD and SopE2 effector proteins of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are synthesized at late stages of infection in mice.

Author

Giacomodonato, M. N., Uzzau, S., Bacciu, D., Caccuri51, R., Sarnacki, S. H., Rubino, S., and Cerquetti, M. C.

Subjects
*SALMONELLA, *ENTEROBACTERIACEAE, *BACTERIAL proteins, *MICROBIAL proteins, *MICE
Abstract

The article reports on the synthesis of SipA, SopA, SopB, SopD and SopE2 effector proteins of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium at late stages of infection in mice. The results indicate that Salmonella pathogenicity island effector proteins may participate in the late stages of Salmonella infection in mice.

Published
2007
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221. Synthesis, properties, antitumor and antibacterial activity of new Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with 2,2′-dithiobis(benzothiazole) ligand

Author

Simona Rubino, Luisa Tesoriere, Alessandro Attanzio, Rosa Alduina, Rosalia Busà, Vita Di Stefano, Maria Assunta Girasolo, Santino Orecchio, Rubino, S., Busà, R., Attanzio, A., Alduina, R., Di Stefano, V., Girasolo, M.A., Orecchio, S., and Tesoriere, L.

Subjects
Stereochemistry, Platinum complex, Palladium complex, Heterocyclic nitrogen ligand, Anticancer activity, Antimicrobial activity, Clinical Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Platinum Compounds, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Ligands, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell Line, Tumor, Drug Discovery, Escherichia coli, Humans, Benzothiazoles, Molecular Biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Ligand, Spectrum Analysis, Organic Chemistry, Cell cycle, In vitro, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 0104 chemical sciences, Benzothiazole, chemistry, Settore CHIM/03 - Chimica Generale E Inorganica, Molecular Medicine, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Platinum, Antibacterial activity, Palladium, Intracellular
Abstract

Mono- and binuclear Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with 2,20-dithiobis(benzothiazole) (DTBTA) ligand are reported. [Pt(DTBTA)(DMSO)Cl]Cl∙CHCl3 (1) and [Pd2(m-Cl)2(DTBTA)2]Cl2 (2) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, MS spectrometry and the content of platinum and palladium was determined using a flame atomic spectrometer. Two different coordination modes of 1 and 2 complexes were found; in both complexes, the coordination of Pt(II) and Pd(II) ions involves the N(3) atoms of the ligand but the binuclear complex 2, is a cis-chloro-bridged palladium complex. Evaluation of their in vitro antitumor activity against two human tumor cell lines human breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2); and their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Kokuria rhizophila was performed. Only complex 1 showed a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic activity against the two tumor cell lines, associated to apoptosis and accumulation of treated cells in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, while both 1 and 2 exhibited antimicrobial activity with complex 1 much more potent. The study on intracellular uptake in both MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines revealed that only platinum of complex 1 is present inside the cells, suggesting a different mode of action of the two compounds. This was also in agreement with the results obtained for the antitumor and antibacterial activity.

Published
2017

222. Application of the SHS technique in the synthesis of the perovskite-type MgxCyNi3 compound

Author

Ferretti, M., Ciccarelli, C., Magnone, E., Rubino, S., Parodi, N., and Martinelli, A.

Subjects
*POWDERS, *PEROVSKITE, *MAGNESIUM, *CARBON, *NICKEL, *CRYSTALLIZATION
Abstract

The almost complete conversion of a powder mixture of the elements into the perovskite-type MgxCyNi3 compound has been obtained in two steps, applying the SHS technique followed by an isothermal treatment at 1123 K. No evidence was found for Mg loss due to volatilisation, as well as of unreacted C, at the end of the preparation. Two new ternary phases, that may be referred to as Mg2+xNiCy and Mg1+xNi2Cy, grew during the combustion process; though different, their crystal structures appear to be strongly related to those of Mg2Ni and MgNi2, respectively. Isothermal treatments at 973 K failed in the formation of the perovskite-type compound as a single product, since it was found coexisting with Ni and Mg1+xNi2Cy, probably on account of the relatively short reaction times.The samples were characterised by means of XRPD and SEM-EDS analyses after each step of preparation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2004
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223. Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Author

Mohsen Bayati, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Nasir Salam, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Davide Rasella, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Ghulam Mustafa, Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov, Fereshteh Ansari, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Leonardo Roever, Oghenowede Eyawo, Koustuv Dalal, Ana-Laura Manda, Ritesh G. Menezes, Molly K. Miller-Petrie, Javad Yoosefi Lebni, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Aziz Eftekhari, Oleguer Plana-Ripoll, Jon Wakefield, Sanjay Zodpey, Birhanu Geta, Amaha Kahsay, Edris Hasanpoor, Brijesh Sathian, Kala M. Mehta, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Saeed Amini, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Abbas Yadegar, João Pedro Silva, Desmond Kuupiel, Anvar Asadi, Hamid Sharifi, Ebrahim Babaee, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Ian Davis, Mostafa Qorbani, Fatemeh Rajati, Samer Hamidi, Parvaiz A Koul, Foad Abd-Allah, Mojisola Oluwasanu, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Elias Merdassa Roro, Mihaela Hostiuc, Robert S. Bernstein, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Irina Filip, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Amir Khater, Lidia Morawska, Sangram Kishor Patel, Robert C. Reiner, Joshua O. Akinyemi, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Ali Akbar Fazaeli, Reza Malekzadeh, Olatunde Aremu, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Irfan Ullah, Gabrielle B. Britton, Gelin Xu, Nathaniel J Henry, Thomas R. Hird, Ronny Westerman, Vera Marisa Costa, Reza Assadi, Tiffany K. Gill, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Meysam Olfatifar, Sezer Kisa, Grant Rodgers Kemp, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Aleksandra Barac, Simon I. Hay, Walter Mendoza, Mohammad Zamani, Nader Jafari Balalami, Mahdi Safdarian, Manfred S. Green, Mahesh P A, Nahid Neamati, Pallab K. Maulik, Ali H. Mokdad, Joshua Longbottom, Somayeh Bohlouli, Ahmad Daryani, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Mostafa Hosseini, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Nick Golding, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Shirin Nosratnejad, Haidong Wang, Shadi Rahimzadeh, Pushpendra Kumar, Mehdi Noroozi, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Brent Bell, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Khaled Khatab, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Yousef Veisani, Katie R Nielsen, Ionut Negoi, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Amir Ashraf-Ganjouei, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Joseph L Ward, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Ettore Beghi, Azeem Majeed, Ivy Shiue, Delia Hendrie, Roghiyeh Faridnia, Seyed Mostafa Mir, Moslem Soofi, Ghobad Moradi, Mahsa Ghajarzadeh, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Milad Hasankhani, Mohamed I Hegazy, Mika Shigematsu, Bryan L. Sykes, Vahid Alipour, Ruth W Kimokoti, Afshin Maleki, Nafiseh Baheiraei, Noore Alam, Jalal Arabloo, Mariam Molokhia, Kimberly B. Johnson, Amber Sligar, Nicole Davis Weaver, Kerem Shuval, Malede Mequanent Sisay, Paul H. Lee, Reza Ghadimi, Mahbobeh Faramarzi, Natalia V. Bhattacharjee, Ehsan Sadeghi, Brandon V. Pickering, Animika Pandey, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Felix Greaves, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Joel M. Francis, Alyssa N. Sbarra, Yun Jin Kim, Agus Sudaryanto, Hebat Allah Salah A. Yousof, Hadi Pourjafar, Tomohide Yamada, Alireza Rafiei, Rosario Cárdenas, Mohammad Khazaei, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Rahman Shiri, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari, Michael Collison, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Yahya Salimi, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Soewarta Kosen, Al Artaman, Surendra Karki, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Lorenzo Monasta, Amit Arora, Christopher S Yilgwan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Adnan Kisa, Gholamreza Roshandel, Vahid Rashedi, Daniel Diaz, Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Nuworza Kugbey, Zohreh Arefi, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Robert G. Weintraub, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Alexandre C. Pereira, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Milena M Santric Milicevic, Ai Koyanagi, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Salman Khazaei, Olalekan A. 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C.J.L., and Hay S.I.

Subjects
Survival, RJ101, Mortalidad Infantil, HB, UNDER-5 MORTALITY, Global Health, Pediatrics, 0302 clinical medicine, 3123 Gynaecology and paediatrics, Child death, Infant Mortality, Epidemiology, Global health, Middle income country, Nacimiento vivo, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, Child, POPULATION, Developing world, education.field_of_study, Public health, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Mortality rate, wa_900, 1. No poverty, SUCCESS, Pediatrik, A900 Others in Medicine and Dentistry, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, Child Mortality, Death children, VACCINATION, HEALTH, ws_100, INTERVENTIONS, AFRICA, medicine.medical_specialty, United Nations, General Science & Technology, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Developing country, Article, Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18], ITC-HYBRID, 03 medical and health sciences, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Social Justice, Recién nacido, Neonatal deaths, medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Organizational Objectives, Humans, education, Developing Countries, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, CIVIL REGISTRATION, Paediatrics, Child survival, Newborn, PREVENTION, Infant mortality, wa_320, ws_200, Child mortality, Socioeconomic Factors, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, Human medicine, Paediatrics, Public health, Developing world, business, Demography
Abstract

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations., A high-resolution, global atlas of mortality of children under five years of age between 2000 and 2017 highlights subnational geographical inequalities in the distribution, rates and absolute counts of child deaths by age.

Published
2019

224. Correction to: Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: the SICE (Società Italiana di Chirurgia Endoscopica e Nuove Tecnologie) network prospectivetrial on 1225 cases comparing intra corporeal versus extra corporeal ileo‑colic side‑to‑side anastomosis (Surgical Endoscopy, (2019), 10.1007/s00464-019-07255-2)

Author

M. Sorrentino, A. Alo, G. L. Canu, F. Monari, A. G. Marrosu, E. Soligo, Wanda Petz, A. Gattolin, R. Vicentini, S. Razzi, M. Zago, S. Neri, A. Pisani Ceretti, D. Apa, F. Gatti, A. Donini, F. Medas, D. Cassetti, S. Rubino, R. Lombardi, G. D. DePalma, Alberto Arezzo, G. Soliani, P. Checcacci, G. Concone, Emanuele Botteri, F. Scognamillo, Ferdinando Agresta, Pierluigi Marini, S. Gelati, Luigi Boni, A. Coratti, Andrea Picchetto, G. Guerriero, M. Calgaro, Francesca Pecchini, A. Contine, Andrea Valeri, N. DeManzini, M. Clementi, A. Balani, F. Fidanza, R. Galleano, Carlo Bergamini, A. Brescia, G. Arcuri, Elio Jovine, E. Rosso, A. Oldani, E. Artioli, Nereo Vettoretto, Giuseppe Navarra, G. Sarro, E. Restini, Chiara Morotti, S. Giannessi, F. DeAngelis, M. Degiuli, G. Talamo, G. Alemanno, L. Cafagna, P. Cumbo, V. Violi, S. Targa, Irnerio Angelo Muttillo, A. Martino, M. DeLuca, Elisa Cassinotti, Alessandro Puzziello, S. Sala, Riccardo Rosati, E. Erdas, R. Petri, A. Deserra, A. Gioffre, G. Viola, E. Stratta, Mario Guerrieri, E. Minciotti, Mauro Podda, Giuseppe Spinoglio, F. Borghi, Micaela Piccoli, C. DeNisco, P. Carcoforo, D. Delogu, Giuseppe Resta, P. Corleone, D. Pennisi, Gianfranco Silecchia, E. Opocher, A. Taddei, A. Budassi, Paolo Delrio, A. Meloni, Marco E. Allaix, A. Ambrosi, H. Impellizzeri, N. Portolani, L. Guerriero, G. Ercolani, A. Guariniello, M. Antoniutti, M. Cesari, A. P. Luzzi, M. Izzo, M. Longoni, R. Mazza, C. Benvenuto, S. Gobbi, P. G. Calo, C. Feo, Antonino Agrusa, L. Covotta, L. Presenti, V. Adamo, Gian Luca Baiocchi, E. Osenda, R. Ottonello, Giancarlo D'Ambrosio, F. Roviello, V. Grammatico, G. Moretto, L. Zampino, Valerio Caracino, Giovanni Ferrari, D. Rega, V. Robustelli, Diego Cuccurullo, F. Vasta, Ugo Elmore, R. Campagnacci, Gianfranco Cocorullo, O. Ghazouani, G. Ricci, S. Berti, F. Colombo, Alberto Sartori, S. Scabini, S. Mazzoccato, B. Pirrera, A. Altamura, N. Tartaglia, E. Romairone, G. Baldazzi, Marco Catarci, G. Garulli, Lorenzo Casali, S. Testa, R. Brachet Contul, M. Basti, U. Rivolta, D. Pertile, M. Pavanello, M. Pisano, Marco Milone, A. Verzelli, P. Ubiali, L. Solaini, M. Coppola, G Anania, Massimo Carlini, F. Corcione, P. DePaolis, P. Ciano, M. Santarelli, V. Panebianco, Nicola Perrotta, R. Sechi, M. Rigamonti, G. Lezoche, L. Fabris, C. Lirusso, D. Foschi, G. Canova, P. Soliani, Roberta Gelmini, Stefano Olmi, A. Lucchi, Giorgia Valpiani, L. Pellegrino, Anania, G., Agresta, F., Artioli, E., Rubino, S., Resta, G., Vettoretto, N., Petz, W. L., Bergamini, C., Arezzo, A., Valpiani, G., Morotti, C., Silecchia, G., Adamo, V., Agrusa, A., Alemanno, G., Allaix, M. E., Alo, A., Altamura, A., Ambrosi, A., Antoniutti, M., Apa, D., Arcuri, G., Baiocchi, G. L., Balani, A., Baldazzi, G., Basti, M., Benvenuto, C., Berti, S., Boni, L., Borghi, F., Botteri, E., Brachet Contul, R., Brescia, A., Budassi, A., Cafagna, L., Calgaro, M., Calo, P. G., Campagnacci, R., Canova, G., Canu, G. L., Caracino, V., Carcoforo, P., Carlini, M., Casali, L., Cassetti, D., Cassinotti, E., Catarci, M., Cesari, M., Checcacci, P., Ciano, P., Clementi, M., Cocorullo, G., Colombo, F., Concone, G., Contine, A., Coppola, M., Coratti, A., Corcione, F., Corleone, P., Covotta, L., Cuccurullo, D., Cumbo, P., D'Ambrosio, G., Deangelis, F., Deluca, M., Demanzini, N., Denisco, C., Depalma, G. D., Depaolis, P., Degiuli, M., Delogu, D., Delrio, P., Deserra, A., Donini, A., Elmore, U., Ercolani, G., Erdas, E., Fabris, L., Ferrari, G., Feo, C., Fidanza, F., Foschi, D., Galleano, R., Garulli, G., Gatti, F., Gattolin, A., Gelati, S., Gelmini, R., Ghazouani, O., Gioffre, A., Gobbi, S., Grammatico, V., Guariniello, A., Giannessi, S., Guerrieri, M., Guerriero, L., Guerriero, G., Impellizzeri, H., Izzo, M., Jovine, E., Lezoche, G., Lirusso, C., Lombardi, R., Longoni, M., Lucchi, A., Luzzi, A. P., Marini, P., Marrosu, A. G., Martino, A., Mazza, R., Mazzoccato, S., Medas, F., Meloni, A., Milone, M., Minciotti, E., Monari, F., Moretto, G., Muttillo, I. A., Navarra, G., Neri, S., Oldani, A., Olmi, S., Opocher, E., Osenda, E., Ottonello, R., Panebianco, V., Pavanello, M., Pecchini, F., Pellegrino, L., Pennisi, D., Perrotta, N., Pertile, D., Petri, R., Picchetto, A., Piccoli, M., Pirrera, B., Pisani Ceretti, A., Pisano, M., Podda, M., Portolani, N., Presenti, L., Puzziello, A., Razzi, S., Rega, D., Restini, E., Ricci, G., Rigamonti, M., Rivolta, U., Robustelli, V., Romairone, E., Rosati, R., Rosso, E., Roviello, F., Sala, S., Santarelli, M., Sarro, G., Sartori, A., Scabini, S., Scognamillo, F., Sechi, R., Solaini, L., Soliani, G., Soliani, P., Soligo, E., Sorrentino, M., Spinoglio, G., Stratta, E., Taddei, A., Talamo, G., Targa, S., Tartaglia, N., Testa, S., Ubiali, P., Valeri, A., Vasta, F., Verzelli, A., Vicentini, R., Viola, G., Violi, V., Zago, M., and Zampino, L.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, colon cancer right hemcolectomy, business.industry, medicine, Surgery, business, Side to side anastomosis, Surgical endoscopy, Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, NO, LS7_4
Abstract

Due to an error in production the members of SICE CoDIG (Colon Dx Italian Group) listed in the Acknowledgments were not tagged correctly as authors in the XML of this article. This listing is presented again here:.

Published
2019

225. Decoupled Torque Control of Multiple Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives

Author

Sandro Rubino, Radu Bojoi, Davide Cittanti, Luca Zarri, Rubino S., Bojoi R., Cittanti D., and Zarri L.

Subjects
Coupling, Computer science, Stator, business.industry, Induction motor drive, Modular design, Multiphase motor drives, law.invention, Induction machine, Electromagnetic coil, Control theory, law, Direct flux vector control, Torque, business, Decoupling (electronics), Induction motor, Multiphase electrical machine
Abstract

In recent years, the development of multiple three-phase drives for both energy production and transportation electrification has gained a growing attention. An important feature of the multiple three-phase drives is their modularity since they can be configured as three-phase units operating in parallel and using a modular control scheme. The multi-stator modelling approach represents a suitable solution for the implementation of modular control strategies able to deal with several three-phase units. Nevertheless, the use of the multi-stator approach leads to relevant coupling terms in the resulting set of equations. To solve this problem, a new decoupling transformation able to deal with a decoupled torque control of multiple three-phase induction motor drives is proposed. The experimental validation has been carried out with a modular power converter feeding a twelve-phase induction machine prototype (10 kW, 6000 rpm) using a quadruple three-phase stator winding configuration.

Published
2019

226. Mononuclear Perfluoroalkyl-Heterocyclic Complexes of Pd(II): Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity

Author

Vita Di Stefano, Patrizia Cancemi, Rosa Alduina, Maria Assunta Girasolo, Silvestre Buscemi, Ivana Pibiri, Simona Rubino, Santino Orecchio, Rubino S., Alduina R., Cancemi P., Girasolo M.A., Di Stefano V., Orecchio S., Buscemi S., and Pibiri I.

Subjects
Denticity, perfluoroalkyl heterocyclic ligands, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Stereochemistry, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Pharmaceutical Science, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Settore BIO/19 - Microbiologia Generale, Ring (chemistry), Analytical Chemistry, lcsh:QD241-441, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:Organic chemistry, Anti-Infective Agents, Heterocyclic Compounds, Drug Discovery, Pyridine, mononuclear palladium complexes, Settore BIO/06 - Anatomia Comparata E Citologia, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, triazoles, Fluorocarbons, antimicrobial activity, Bacteria, Chemistry, Ligand, Communication, narcosis, Organic Chemistry, Settore CHIM/06 - Chimica Organica, DNA, Antimicrobial, Settore CHIM/03 - Chimica Generale E Inorganica, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Molecular Medicine, Palladium, Plasmids
Abstract

Two mononuclear Pd(II) complexes [PdCl2(pfptp)] (1) and [PdCl2(pfhtp)] (2), with ligands 2-(3-perfluoropropyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5yl)-pyridine (pfptp) and 2-(3-perfluoroheptyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5yl)-pyridine (pfhtp), were synthesized and structurally characterized. The two complexes showed a bidentate coordination of the ligand occurring through N atom of pyridine ring and N4 atom of 1,2,4-triazole. Both complexes showed antimicrobial activity when tested against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains.

Published
2020

227. Cytotoxic Activity of Organotin(IV) Derivatives with Triazolopyrimidine Containing Exocyclic Oxygen Atoms

Author

Rosalia Busà, Piera Sabatino, Alessandro Attanzio, Simone d'Agostino, Anna Frazzitta, Luisa Tesoriere, Simona Rubino, Maria Assunta Girasolo, Alessandro Attanzio , Simone D’Agostino, Rosalia Busà, Anna Frazzitta, Simona Rubino, Maria Assunta Girasolo, Piera Sabatino *, Luisa Tesoriere, Attanzio A., D'Agostino S., Busa R., Frazzitta A., Rubino S., Girasolo M.A., Sabatino P., and Tesoriere L.

Subjects
Denticity, Cell, Pharmaceutical Science, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Discovery, Organotin Compounds, triazolopyrimidine, Cytotoxicity, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, Cytotoxins, apoptosis, Biological activity, Hep G2 Cells, G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, medicine.anatomical_structure, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Mitochondrial Membranes, MCF-7 Cells, Molecular Medicine, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21, crystal structure, in vitro anticancer activity, Pyrimidine, Cell Survival, Stereochemistry, organotin(iv), 010402 general chemistry, Article, lcsh:QD241-441, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Structure-Activity Relationship, lcsh:Organic chemistry, medicine, Humans, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Metallodrug, 010405 organic chemistry, Ligand, Organic Chemistry, Triazoles, HCT116 Cells, apoptosi, G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints, 0104 chemical sciences, Pyrimidines, chemistry, metallodrugs, Cell culture, Apoptosis, Drug Design, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Reactive Oxygen Species
Abstract

In this study cytotoxicity of organotin(IV) compounds with 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, Me3Sn(5tpO) (1), n-Bu3Sn(5tpO) (2), Me3Sn(mtpO) (3), n-Bu3Sn(mtpO) (4), n-Bu3Sn(HtpO2) (5), Ph3Sn(HtpO2) (6) where 5HtpO = 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine, HmtpO = 4,7-dihydro-5-methyl-7-oxo-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine, and H2tpO2 = 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-5,7- dioxo-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]-pyrimidine, was assessed on three different human tumor cell lines: HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocarcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast cancer). While 1 and 3 were inactive, compounds 2, 4, 5 and 6 inhibited the growth of the three tumor cell lines with IC50 values in the submicromolar range and showed high selectivity indexes towards the tumor cells (SI &gt, 90). The mechanism of cell death triggered by the organotin(IV) derivatives, investigated on HCT-116 cells, was apoptotic, as evident from the externalization of phosphatidylserine to the cell surface, and occurred via the intrinsic pathway with fall of mitochondrial inner membrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species. While compound 6 arrested the cell progression in the G2/M cell cycle phase and increased p53 and p21 levels, compounds 2, 4 and 5 blocked cell duplication in the G1 phase without affecting the expression of either of the two tumor suppressor proteins. Compounds 1 and 2 were also investigated using single crystal X-ray diffraction and found to be, in both cases, coordination polymers forming 1 D chains based on metal-ligand interactions. Interestingly, for n-Bu3Sn(5tpO)(2) H-bonding interactions between 5tpO&minus, ligands belonging to adjacent chains were also detected that resemble the &ldquo, base-pairing&rdquo, assembly and could be responsible for the higher biological activity compared to compound 1. In addition, they are the first example of bidentate N(3), O coordination for the 5HtpO ligand on two adjacent metal atoms.

Published
2020

228. A three-dimensional model for the study of the cooling system of submersible electric pumps

Author

Egidi, N., Maponi, P., Misici, L., and Rubino, S.

Subjects
*MATHEMATICAL models, *COOLING, *SUBMERSIBLE pumps, *ELECTRIC motors, *TEMPERATURE effect, *ELECTRIC pumps, *ELECTRIC circuits, *ALGORITHMS
Abstract

Abstract: We study the cooling system for submersible electric pumps. This study aims to provide some guidelines to improve the existing cooling system of these electric pumps when they work partially or totally not immersed in the service fluid. Note that inefficient cooling systems cannot prevent the rise in temperature of the alternating current (AC) motor of the pump, and the consequent reduction of the service factor. We propose a three-dimensional model to describe the fluid flow in the cooling circuit and the heat transfer among the engine of the electric pump, the cooling system and the external environment. This model is discretized by using a finite element method, and the resulting algorithm has been implemented in a FORTRAN code. We show some preliminary results obtained by this code using two different geometries for the cooling circuit, and we compare these results with experimental data and with other numerical results obtained in a previous work, by using a two-dimensional model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2012
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229. Organotin(IV) derivatives with 5,7-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and their cytotoxic activities: The importance of being conformers

Author

Piera Sabatino, Alessandro Attanzio, Simona Rubino, Luisa Tesoriere, Maria Assunta Girasolo, Giancarlo Stocco, Girasolo, MA, Attanzio, A, Sabatino, P, Tesoriere, L, Rubino, S, Stocco, G, and Sabatino, Piera

Subjects
Denticity, Pyrimidine, biology, Stereochemistry, Acridine orange, Crystal structure, organotin(iv), biology.organism_classification, Inorganic Chemistry, HeLa, chemistry.chemical_compound, Trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry, crustalli structure, chemistry, Settore CHIM/03 - Chimica Generale E Inorganica, Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica, in vitro anticancer acetivi tu, Materials Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Ethidium bromide, Conformational isomerism, triazolipyrimidine, Triazolopyrimidine, Organotin(IV), Apoptosis, In vitro anticancer activity, Crystal structure, approssimativa
Abstract

The organotin(IV) compounds Me2SnCl2(dbtp)(1), Me2SnCl2(dbtp)2 (2), Et2SnCl2(dbtp) (3), Et2SnCl2(dbtp)2 (4), Et2SnCl2(dptp) (5), nBu2SnCl2(dbtp)2 (6), nBu2SnCl2(dptp) (7), Ph2SnCl2(dbtp) (8), Ph2SnCl2(EtOH)2(dptp)2 (9), where dbtp = 5,7-di-tert-butyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and dptp = 5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine, have been tested by MTT for their cytotoxic activity on three tumor cell lines, HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), HeLa (human cervix adenocarcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer). Except for 1 and 2, which were ineffective, all compounds significantly showed a dose-dependent anti-proliferative effect against the three cell lines. By calculated IC50 values, the cytotoxicity of the complexes followed the order nBu > Ph > Et > Me for all the selected tumor cells. The cell death of HepG2, induced by organotin(IV) compounds 6–9, was considered to be apoptotic by measuring the exposure of phosphatidylserine to the outer membrane and observing the typical apoptotic morphological change by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide-stained cells also demonstrated that organotin(IV) complexes caused apoptosis of HepG2 cells through cell arrest at G0–G1 phase. The crystal structure of 7, investigated by X-ray diffraction study, exhibited a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry with N, Cl as axial atoms and Cl and butyl groups in the equatorial plane. The triazolopyrimidine unit coordinates to the Sn atom through N(3) in a monodentate mode. Two conformational isomers (molecule A and B in the crystallographic independent unit) are co-crystallized in the solid state, a phenomenon that has been observed only occasionally. Conformational mobility of the cytotoxic complex 7 can sum up to the ligands ability to form H-bonds and π⋯π stacking, facilitating its intracellular uptake.

Published
2014

230. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and antiproliferative activity of two platinum(II) complexes containing N-donor heterocycles

Author

Giuseppe Bruno, Maria Assunta Girasolo, Francesco Nicolò, Simona Rubino, Giancarlo Stocco, Santino Orecchio, Luisa Tesoriere, V. Di Stefano, Alessandro Attanzio, Rubino, S, Di Stefano, V, Attanzio, A, Tesoriere, L, Girasolo, M.A, Nicolò, F, Bruno, G, Orecchio, S, and Stocco, G

Subjects
Cisplatin, Ligand, Chemistry, Stereochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Phosphatidylserine, In vitro, Mononuclear platinum complexes, Heterocyclic nitrogen, Dimethylsulfoxide, Antitumor activity, Antitumor activity, Dimethylsulfoxide Heterocyclic nitrogen Mononuclear platinum complexes, Dimethylsulfoxide Heterocyclic nitrogen Mononuclear platinum complexes, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Membrane, Settore CHIM/03 - Chimica Generale E Inorganica, Materials Chemistry, Proton NMR, medicine, Molecule, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Platinum, Antitumor activity, medicine.drug
Abstract

Novel mononuclear complexes of Pt(II), cis -[PtCl 2 (DMSO)HL]·2DMSO ( 1 ), where HL = 7-amino-2-(methylthio)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid and Pt(bdt)Cl 2 ( 2 ), where bdt = [2,4-bis(5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3yl)-pyridine] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography diffraction analyses. The molecular structure of ( 1 ) shows that Pt(II) ion has a square planar geometry with N(3) bonded heterocycle ligand, two cis chloride anions and S-bonded dimethylsulfoxide. The antiproliferative activity of complexes ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) has been tested in vitro against HepG2 human hepatoma cells and non-malignant human-derived hepatic cells (Chang). Complex ( 1 ), cis -[PtCl 2 (DMSO)HL]·2DMSO, was effective inducer of apoptotic death on HepG2 cells and its cytotoxic activity was higher than that exerted by cisplatin. Apoptosis effect was associated with externalization of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine.

Published
2014

231. A novel compound of triphenyltin(IV) with N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-ornithine causes cancer cell death by inducing a p53-dependent activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis

Author

Luisa Tesoriere, Giampaolo Barone, Alessandro Attanzio, Riccardo Bonsignore, Simona Rubino, Piera Sabatino, Massimo L. Capobianco, Maria Assunta Girasolo, Girolamo Casella, Girasolo, M.A., Tesoriere, L., Casella, G., Attanzio, A., Capobianco, M., Sabatino, P., Barone, G., Rubino, S., Bonsignore, R., Maria Assunta Girasolo, Luisa, Tesoriere, Girolamo, Casella, Alessandro, Attanzio, Capobianco, Massimo L., Sabatino, Piera, Giampaolo, Barone, Simona, Rubino, and Riccardo, Bonsignore

Subjects
Apoptosis, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, Boc-Orn-OH, Triphenyltin(IV), Boc-Orn-OH, NMR, Antitumor agents, Apoptosis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Prophase, Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Fragmentation (cell biology), Antitumor agents, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Antitumor agent, Cancer, Apoptosi, Triphenyltin(IV), Phosphatidylserine, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, NMR, 0104 chemical sciences, Biochemistry, Triphenyltin(IV) Boc-Orn-OH NMR Antitumor agents Apoptosis, Cell culture, Settore CHIM/03 - Chimica Generale E Inorganica, Cancer cell, Hepatic stellate cell
Abstract

The triphenyltin(IV) compound with N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-ornithine (Boc-Orn-OH), [Ph3Sn(Boc-Orn-O)], was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, solution1H,13C and119Sn NMR and ESI mass spectrometry. The organotin(IV) compound inhibited at very low micromolar concentrations the growth of human tumor cell lines HepG2 (hepatocarcinoma cells), MCF-7 (mammary cancer) and HCT116 (colorectal carcinoma) while it did not affect the viability of non-malignant human-derived hepatic cells Chang. The mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of Ph3Sn(Boc-Orn-O), investigated on human hepatoma HepG2 cells, was pro-apoptotic, being associated with externalization of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine, chromatin condensation or fragmentation and mitochondrial dysfunction as well as with increase of p53 levels. The triphenyltin(IV) compound with N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-ornithine (Boc-Orn-OH), [Ph3Sn(Boc-Orn-O)], was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, solution 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR and ESI mass spectrometry. The organotin(IV) compound inhibited at very low micromolar concentrations the growth of human tumor cell lines HepG2 (hepatocarcinoma cells), MCF-7 (mammary cancer) and HCT116 (colorectal carcinoma) while it did not affect the viability of non-malignant human-derived hepatic cells Chang. The mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of Ph3Sn(Boc-Orn-O), investigated on human hepatoma HepG2 cells, was pro-apoptotic, being associated with externalization of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine, chromatin condensation or fragmentation and mitochondrial dysfunction as well as with increase of p53 levels.

Published
2016

232. Synthesis of platinum complexes with 2-(5-perfluoroalkyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3yl)-pyridine and 2-(3-perfluoroalkyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5yl)-pyridine ligands and their in vitro antitumor activity

Author

Alessandro Attanzio, Silvestre Buscemi, Maria Assunta Girasolo, Luisa Tesoriere, Ivana Pibiri, Simona Rubino, Cristina Costantino, Rubino, S., Pibiri, I., Costantino, C., Buscemi, S., Girasolo, M., Attanzio, A., and Tesoriere, L.

Subjects
Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Stereochemistry, Pyridines, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Triazole, Oxadiazole, Antineoplastic Agents, Apoptosis, Platinum Compounds, 010402 general chemistry, Ligands, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica, Cell Line, Tumor, Ethidium, Pyridine, Molecule, Humans, Fluorescent Dyes, Platinum complexes, oxadiazole, antitumor activity, 010405 organic chemistry, Ligand, Acridine orange, 1,2,4-Triazole, Settore CHIM/06 - Chimica Organica, Acridine Orange, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Settore CHIM/03 - Chimica Generale E Inorganica, Ethidium bromide
Abstract

Five new mononuclear Pt(II) complexes with 5-perfluoroalkyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl-pyridine and 3-perfluoroalkyl-1,2,4-triazolyl-pyridine ligands are reported. The ligands 2-(5-perfluoroheptyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3yl)-pyridine (pfhop), 2-(5-perfluoropropyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3yl)-pyridine (pfpop), 2-(3-perfluoroheptyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5yl)-pyridine (pfhtp), 2-(3-perfluoropropyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5yl)-pyridine (pfptp) and their complexes [PtCl2(pfhop)(2)]center dot 1.5 DMSO (2a), [PtCl2(pfpop)(2)]center dot 1.5 DMSO (3a), [PtCl2(pfhtp)(2)]center dot 1.5 DMSO (4a), PtCl2(pfhtp) (4b), [PtCl2(PfPtP)(2)]center dot 1.5 DMSO (5a) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The complexes 2a, 3a, 4a and 5a have the same chemical environment of Pt(II) where PtCl2 moieties coordinate two molecules of ligand via N1 atom of pyridine in the case of pfhop and pfpop, and N2 atom of 1,2,4-triazole in the case of pfhtp and pfptp. For 4b, pfhtp behaves as bidentate ligand, coordinating Pt(II) ion via N4 atom of triazole and N1 atom of pyridine. All complexes have been tested in vitro by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)bromide-2,5-diphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium (MTT) test on four tumor cell lines MCF-7 (human breast cancer), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), HCT116 (human colorectal carcinoma). Compounds 2a and 4b showed a dose-dependent anti-proliferative effect against the three tumor cell lines whereas did not affect viability of intestinal normal-like differentiated Caco-2 cells. The cell death of HepG2, MCF-7 and HCT116 induced by the compounds, was considered to be apoptotic by measuring the exposure of phosphatidylserine to the outer membrane and observing the typical apoptotic morphological change by acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) staining

Published
2015

233. Synthesis, structural characterization and antitumor activity of di- and tri-organotin(IV) complexes of D-galacturonic acid

Author

Ippolito, M., ATTANZIO, Alessandro, CASELLA, Girolamo, RUBINO, Simona, GIRASOLO, Maria Assunta, TESORIERE, Luisa, Ippolito, M., Attanzio, A., Casella, G., Rubino, S., Girasolo, M., and Tesoriere, L.

Subjects
organotin(IV) complexes, D-Galacturonic acid, cytotoxic activity, Settore CHIM/03 - Chimica Generale E Inorganica, Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica
Published
2015

234. Designing a new scoring system (QualyP Score) correlating the management of cardiopulmonary bypass to postoperative outcomes

Author

S D’Aleo, I Milazzo, C Sferrazzo, Antonio Rubino, Carmelo Mignosa, D Giammona, R Busà, S Torrisi, Khalil Fattouch, Carlo Mariani, Rubino, A, Torrisi, S., Milazzo, I., Fattouch, K., Busà, R., Mariani, C., D'Aleo, S., Giammona, D., Sferrazzo, C., Mignosa, C., and AS. Rubino, S. Torrisi, I. Milazzo, K. Fattouch, R. Busà, C.Mariani, S. D’Aleo, D Giammona, C. Sferrazzo, C. Mignosa

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Scoring system, risk score, perfusion, law.invention, Postoperative Complications, Predictive Value of Tests, law, Cardiopulmonary bypass, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Lactic Acid, Prospective Studies, Intensive care medicine, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Framingham Risk Score, business.industry, General Medicine, Carbon Dioxide, Middle Aged, quality, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Safety Research, Biomarkers
Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to ascertain if a score, directly derived from CPB records, could correlate to major postoperative outcomes. Methods: An additive score (QualyP Score) was created from 10 parameters: peak lactate value during CPB, peak VCO2i, lowest DO2i/VCO2i, peak respiratory quotient, CPB time, cross-clamp time, lowest CPB temperature, circulatory arrest, ultrafiltration during CPB, number of packed red cells transfused intraoperatively. The PerfSCORE was calculated, as well. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to detect the independent predictors of: peak lactate >3 mmol/L during the first three postoperative days; the incidence of acute kidney injury network (AKIN) 1-2-3; respiratory insufficiency; mortality. Results: The mean score was 4.8±2.6 (0-10). A QualyP Score ≥1 was predictive of postoperative acidosis (OR=1.595). A score ≥2 was predictive of AKIN 2 (OR=1.268) and respiratory insufficiency (OR=1.526). A score ≥5 was predictive of AKIN 3 (OR=1.848) and mortality (OR=1.497). Conclusions: QualyP Score may help to provide a quality marker of perfusion, emphasizing the need for goal-directed perfusion strategies.

Published
2015

235. PREPARAZIONE E CARATTERIZZAZIONE DI SISTEMI A RILASCIO CONTROLLATO PER APPLICAZIONI SU MANUFATTI DI INTERESSE STORICO-ARTISTICO

Author

SALADINO, Maria Luisa, Busà, R, Colomba, P, RUBINO, Simona, ALDUINA, Rosa, CAPONETTI, Eugenio, Saladino, ML, Rubino, S, Alduina, R, Busà, R, Colomba, P, and Caponetti, E

Subjects
Materiale mesoporoso MCM41, biocida, analoghi cisplatino, rilascio controllato
Abstract

Lo scopo di questo studio è la realizzazione e lo studio di sistemi a rilascio controllato costituiti da silice mesoporosa MCM-41 e biocidi commerciali e di nuova generazione. Tali materiali possono essere utilizzati in ambito conservativo per risolvere alcuni problemi di biodeterioramento che interessano i manufatti di interesse storico-artistico e a scopo preventivo per ridurre il numero e la frequenza di interventi conservativi. La MCM-41 è stata preparata in ambiente alcalino mediante il metodo sol-gel utilizzando dei tensioattivi come templanti1. Al fine di creare un’interazione favorevole biocida-superficie, sulla superficie dei pori sono stati ancorati gruppi amminici. L’incapsulamento del biocida è stato effettuato mediante immersione ed è stato studiato il suo rilascio in acqua o in altri solventi utilizzati in ambito conservativo. La caratterizzazione dei materiali è stata effettuata mediante diffrattometria a raggi X e spettroscopia NMR. Il rilascio del biocida è stato seguito mediante spettroscopia Uvvis.

Published
2014

237. Cisplatin derivative loaded in mesoporous MCM-41: preparation and characterization

Author

SALADINO, Maria Luisa, Colomba, P, RUBINO, Simona, CAPONETTI, Eugenio, Saladino, ML, Rubino, S, Colomba, P, and Caponetti, E

Subjects
Ciplatin derivate, mesoporous silica MCM-41
Abstract

The aim of this study is to design and investigate a new material constituted by mesoporous silica MCM-41 and a new cisplatin derivative, cis-PtCl2(DMSO)HL]•2DMSO, where HL = 7-amino-2-(methylthio)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid, having biological activity.[1] The high surface area and the tunable pore size of MCM-41 allow it for loading vast amounts of bioactive molecules, including biocides and drugs. Mesoporous silica MCM-41 was prepared in alkaline environment from tetraethoxysilane as Si source and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as template. [2] Amino groups have been successfully grafted onto the pore surface with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) in order to create favorable surface-drug interactions. The encapsulation of the drug was performed adding the MCM-41-NH2 in a PtCl2(DMSO)HL]•2DMSO chloroform solution. The characterization of materials was performed by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption and solid state NMR (29Si and 13C). Results showed that the amino groups serve as effective ligands for the linking of Pt atoms to the mesoporous. The controlled release of the PtCl2(DMSO)HL]•2DMSO in water was investigated.

Published
2014

238. Complessi di Platinum(II): sintesi, studi di DNA-binding e loro attività antitumorale in vitro

Author

RUBINO, Simona, Bonsignore, Riccardo, ATTANZIO, Alessandro, TESORIERE, Luisa, GIRASOLO, Maria Assunta, BARONE, Giampaolo, Rubino,S, Bonsignore,R, Attanzio,A, Tesoriere,L, Girasolo, MA, and Barone,G

Subjects
dipirido[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]fenazina (dppz), Complessi di Pt(II), glicinato (gly)
Abstract

Con lo scopo di trovare nuovi analoghi del Cis-DDP (cis-diammino dicloro platino(II)) nuovi complessi del platino sono stati sintetizzati, caratterizzati e ne è stata studiata l’attività antitumorale in vitro [1]. Recentemente sono stati preparati complessi con metalli del quarto periodo di transizione con entrambi i leganti, dipirido[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]fenazina (dppz) e glicinato (gly) [2]. I composti di nuova sintesi vengono generalmente caratterizzati attraverso parecchie tecniche analitiche incluso la cristallografia a raggi-X e la loro attività antitumorale viene testata su un vasto pannello di linee cellulari umane [1,2]. Le proprietà biologiche spesso sono correlate alla loro interazione con il DNA e alla inibizione del ciclo cellulare [3]. Gli studi in vitro di DNA-binding in mezzi cell-free e quindi l’affinità di legame per il DNA ed il meccanismo di interazione complesso-DNA vengono valutati attraverso misure spettroscopiche e di viscosità. Utilizzando questa stessa linea di ricerca riportiamo la sintesi, gli studi di DNA-binding e l’attività antitumorale di un nuovo complesso di Pt(II), [Pt(dppz)(Gly)]Cl (Fig. 1).

Published
2013

239. Sintesi, caratterizzazione strutturale e attività biologica in vitro di organostagno(IV) con derivati di 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pirimidina

Author

GIRASOLO, Maria Assunta, RUBINO, Simona, Sabatino,P, Girasolo,MA, Rubino,S, and Sabatino,P

Subjects
Settore CHIM/03 - Chimica Generale E Inorganica, acido 7-ammino-2-(metiltio)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pirimidina-6-carbossilico, raggi X, organostagno(IV), attività citotossica
Abstract

SINTESI, CARATTERIZZAZIONE STRUTTURALE E ATTIVITÀ BIOLOGICA IN VITRO DI ORGANOSTAGNO(IV) CON DERIVATI DI 1,2,4-TRIAZOLO[1, 5-a]PIRIMIDINA Maria Assunta Girasolo a, Simona Rubino a, Piera Sabatino b aDip.to di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy bDip.to di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna,via F. Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy La struttura delle 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pirimidine1 è analoga a quella delle purine da cui differiscono per la presenza di un atomo di azoto pirimidinico in posizione “testa di ponte” e la scomparsa del protone acido dell’anello a cinque membri. Data la somiglianza tra questi sistemi, i composti di coordinazione delle 1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-a]pirimidine possono essere considerati come sistemi modello per vari composti di coordinazione esistenti in natura. Recentemente sono stati sintetizzati e caratterizzati alcuni composti di diorganostagno(IV) con 5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine2 (dptp), di cui viene qui riportata la struttura ai raggi X, e con l’acido 7-ammino-2-(metiltio)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pirimidina-6-carbossilico. Figura 1: Struttura cristallina e molecolare dell’addotto [n-Bu2SnCl2(dptp)] (1) Il composto (1) presenta una coordinazione bipiramidale trigonale distorta intorno all’atomo di Sn; il legante dptp, che lega tramite N(3), occupa la posizione trans rispetto ad uno dei due atomi di Cl mentre le tre posizioni equatoriali sono occupate dal rimanente atomo di Cl e dai due leganti n-butilici. L’impaccamento tridimensionale della molecola è caratterizzato sia da un network di legami a H tra i gruppi C-H e gli atomi di Cl sia da interazioni aromatiche tra gli anelli aromatici presenti. L’attività citotossica di (1) è stata testata sulla linea cellulare umana U937 di linfoma istiocitico. Le cellule sono state trattate per 24 h in un range di concentrazioni compreso tra 0.5-20 μM dell’addotto (1), in comparazione al cisplatino. I risultati ottenuti hanno dimostrato che alla concentrazione di 20 μM, n-Bu2SnCl2(dptp) induce una marcata riduzione della vitalità cellulare che risulta essere del 5.5%, valore molto più basso del cisplatino, che alla stessa concentrazione risulta del 44%. Il composto è quindi più attivo del cisplatino. I complessi R2SnL2 sono stati ottenuti per reazione di R2SnO (R = Me, n-Bu, n-Oct ) con l’acido 7-ammino-2-(metiltio)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pirimidina-6-carbossilico3 (HL) in metanolo a riflusso. La natura dei prodotti ottenuti è stata indagata analizzando i dati spettroscopici 1H-NMR, IR e 119Sn Mössbauer. Esaminando i parametri Mössbauer possiamo osservare che i valori di splitting di quadrupolo sono più grandi dei valori osservati in complessi di diorganostagno(IV) con geometria tetraedrica. Dobbiamo quindi presumere che lo stagno espanda il numero di coordinazione dando luogo a strutture bipiramidali trigonali, cis- o trans-R2, o ottaedriche trans-R2 fortemente distorte. Bibliografia 1Salas,J.M.;Romero,M.A.;Sánchez,M.P.;Quirós,M.,Coord. Chem. Rev.,1999,1119,193. 2Girasolo,M.A.;Canfora,L.;Sabatino,P.;Schillaci,D.;Foresti,E.;Rubino,S.;Ruisi,G.;Stocco,G., J.Inorg.Biochem.,2012,106,156. 3Ruisi,G.,Canfora,L.;Bruno,G.;Rotondo,A.;Mastropietro, T.F.;Debbia,E.A.;Girasolo,M.A.;Megna,B., J.Organomet. Chem.,2010,695,546.

Published
2012

241. Inflammatory cytokine expression is associated with Chikungunya virus resolution and symptom severity

Author

Amber Farooqui, Giada Rossini, Francesca Cavrini, Jesus F. Bermejo-Martin, Alyson A. Kelvin, Stéphane G. Paquette, Vittorio Sambri, Ali Danesh, David J. Kelvin, Mark J. Cameron, G. Silvi, Luoling Xu, David Banner, Salvatore Rubino, Ilaria Borghetto, Paolo Gaibani, Nadir Spataro, Anna Pierro, Maria Luisa Moro, Kelvin A.A., Banner D., Silvi G., Moro M.L., Spataro N., Gaibani P., Cavrini F., Pierro A., Rossini G., Cameron M.J., Bermejo-Martin J.F., Paquette S.G., Xu L., Danesh A., Farooqui A., Borghetto I., Kelvin D.J., Sambri V., and Rubino S.

Subjects
Serum, viruses, Disease, Global Health, medicine.disease_cause, MED/07 Microbiologia e microbiologia clinica, Disease Outbreaks, CHIKUNGUNYA, Endocrinology, Molecular Cell Biology, Epidemiology, CLINICAL PICTURE, Chikungunya, media_common, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Convalescence, INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE, virus diseases, FOLLOW UP, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Medicine, CXCL9, Public Health, Chikungunya virus, Research Article, Drugs and Devices, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, media_common.quotation_subject, Immunology, Microbiology, Virus, Diagnostic Medicine, medicine, Humans, Alphavirus infection, Biology, Alphavirus Infections, business.industry, CYTOKINES, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, lcsh:RA1-1270, medicine.disease, Virology, Clinical Immunology, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

The Chikungunya virus infection zones have now quickly spread from Africa to parts of Asia, North America and Europe. Originally thought to trigger a disease of only mild symptoms, recently Chikungunya virus caused large-scale fatalities and widespread economic loss that was linked to recent virus genetic mutation and evolution. Due to the paucity of information on Chikungunya immunological progression, we investigated the serum levels of 13 cytokines/chemokines during the acute phase of Chikungunya disease and 6- and 12-month post-infection follow-up from patients of the Italian outbreak. We found that CXCL9/MIG, CCL2/MCP-1, IL-6 and CXCL10/IP-10 were significantly raised in the acute phase compared to follow-up samples. Furthermore, IL-1β, TNF-α, Il-12, IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-5 had low initial acute phase levels that significantly increased at later time points. Analysis of symptom severity showed association with CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10 and IgG levels. These data give insight into Chikungunya disease establishment and subsequent convalescence, which is imperative to the treatment and containment of this quickly evolving and frequently re-emerging disease., Author Summary Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes a human disease clinically characterized by sudden appearance of high fever, rash, headache, nausea, and severe joint pain (the defining symptom). Chikungunya was identified in Africa and the word Chikungunya means that which bends up, describing the bent posture of CHIKV patients while in severe pain. CHIKV, a current problem in Africa, Indian Ocean region, and Southeast Asia, is now spreading to temperate regions of North America, France and Italy. Presently, the immune response for CHIKV infection remains largely uninvestigated and no treatment is available. We investigated cytokine profiles at diagnosis and follow-up of CHIKV infected patients during the Italian 2007 outbreak and associated cytokine levels with antibody level and symptom severity. Cytokines, important immune mediators, are often drug targets. Since CHIKV symptoms can persist for months or years following infection it is important to investigate possible drug targets to alleviate discomfort. We found cytokine profiles that describe the initial infection and recovery phase. We determined the cytokines CXCL9/MIG and CXCL10/IP-10 as well as antibody levels were associated with symptom severity. These results reflect previously unreported cytokine profiles which may be important for the development of future therapeutics for CHIKV outbreaks.

Published
2011

242. Synthesis, characterization, crystal structures and in vitro antistaphylococcal activity of organotin(IV) derivatives with 5,7-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine

Author

Piera Sabatino, Simona Rubino, Giuseppe Ruisi, Giancarlo Stocco, Maria Assunta Girasolo, Domenico Schillaci, Elisabetta Foresti, Loredana Canfora, M. A. Girasolo, L. Canfora, P. Sabatino, D. Schillaci, E. Foresti, S. Rubino, G. Ruisi, G. Stocco, Girasolo, MA, Canfora, L, Sabatino, P, Schillaci, D, Foresti, E, Rubino, S, Ruisi, G, and Stocco,G

Subjects
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, TRIAZOLOPYRIMIDINE ORGANOTIN(IV), Staphylococcus aureus, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Pyrimidine, Stereochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Organotin(IV), Crystal structure, Biochemistry, Medicinal chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Spectroscopy, Mossbauer, X-Ray Diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Escherichia coli, Organotin Compounds, Molecule, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, Triazolopyrimidine, X-ray-structure, 119Sn Mössbauer, Antimicrobial activity, Carbon-13 NMR, Triazoles, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry, Pyrimidines, chemistry, Octahedron, Settore CHIM/03 - Chimica Generale E Inorganica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 119SN MÖSSBAUER, Tin, X-RAY-STRUCTURE
Abstract

New organotin(IV) complexes of 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ( dbtp ) and 5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ( dptp ) with 1:1 and/or 1:2 stoichiometry were synthesized and investigated by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and 119 Sn Mossbauer in the solid state and by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, in solution. Moreover, the crystal and molecular structures of Et 2 SnCl 2 (dbtp) 2 and Ph 2 SnCl 2 (EtOH) 2 (dptp) 2 are reported. The complexes contain hexacoordinated tin atoms: in Et 2 SnCl 2 (dbtp) 2 two 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine molecules coordinate classically the tin atom through N(3) atom and the coordination around the tin atom shows a skew trapezoidal structure with axial ethyl groups. In Ph 2 SnCl 2 (EtOH) 2 (dptp) 2 two ethanol molecules coordinate tin through the oxygen atom and the 5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine molecules are not directly bound to the metal center but strictly H-bonded, through N(3), to the OH group of the ethanol moieties; Ph 2 SnCl 2 (EtOH) 2 (dptp) 2 has an all-trans structure and the C–Sn–C fragment is linear. On the basis of Mossbauer data, the 1:2 diorganotin(IV) complexes are advanced to have the same structure of Et 2 SnCl 2 (dbtp) 2 , while Me 2 SnCl 2 (dptp) 2 to have a regular all-trans octahedral structure. A distorted cis -R 2 trigonal bipyramidal structure is assigned to 1:1 diorganotin(IV) complexes. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the synthesized complexes have been tested against a group of reference pathogen micro-organisms and some of them resulted active with MIC values of 5 μg/mL, most of all against staphylococcal strains, which shows their inhibitory effect.

Published
2011

243. L'efficacia del piano urbanistico comunale articolato in disposizioni strutturali e programmatiche. La struttura metodologica come strategia generale di ricerca

Author

Rubino, Simona and Rubino, S

Subjects
piano, efficacia, innovazione, Settore ICAR/21 - Urbanistica
Abstract

La disciplina urbanistica italiana è stata investita negli ultimi anni, a scala regionale e nazionale, da riforme legislative per il governo del territorio e da un dibattito sull’efficacia della pianificazione sempre più acceso. Queste questioni si rispecchiano all’interno della strumentazione urbanistica che, dal punto di vista applicativo, risulta sostanzialmente trasformata, nella forma e nelle procedure, ma soprattutto nell’approccio col territorio. La ricerca vuole essere un momento di riflessione critica sulla reale efficacia del modello di piano urbanistico comunale articolato in disposizioni strutturali e programmatiche, metodo innovativo di fare urbanistica a livello comunale che abbandona completamente la lettura onnicomprensiva del territorio e la tradizionale zonizzazione.

Published
2011

244. Synthesis, structural characterisation and biological studies of new mononuclear platinum(II) complexes with sterically hindered heterocyclic ligands

Author

F. Giammalva, G. C. Stocco, Santino Orecchio, Simona Rubino, Patrizia Portanova, Giuseppe Calvaruso, Maria Assunta Girasolo, Rubino, S, Portanova, P, Giammalva, F, Girasolo, MA, Orecchio, S, Calvaruso, G, and Stocco, G

Subjects
Steric effects, Cisplatin, Stereochemistry, Cytotoxicity, chemistry.chemical_element, Biological activity, Polydentate nitrogen ligand, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Polynuclear platinum complexe, Settore CHIM/03 - Chimica Generale E Inorganica, Diamine, Pyridine, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Bifunctional, Platinum, medicine.drug, Polydentate nitrogen ligands, Polynuclear platinum complexes
Abstract

Three novel cisplatin analogues were synthesized, designed according to an approach which violates the “classical” structure–activity relationship, by replacing the diamine ligands with a planar N donor heterocycle giving a sterically hindered complex. Moreover, the sterical hindrance of antitumor drug candidates potentially makes them less susceptible to deactivation by sulphur-containing proteins and helping to overcome resistance mechanisms. The resulting mononuclear complexes of sterically hindered polidentate heterocyclic N ligands [PtCl(bbp)]Cl ( 1 ) [bbp = 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)pyridine], [PtCl 2 (dptdn)](H 2 O) ( 2 ) [dptdn = sodium 5,6-diphenyl-3-(2′-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazine-4″,4″′-disulfonate] and [(dptdn)(dpt)Pt]Cl 2 (H 2 O) ( 3 ) [dpt = 5,6-diphenyl-3-(2′-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazine] have been prepared and structurally characterised. Both neutral and ionic complexes are present, with monofunctional ( 1 ) and bifunctional Pt(II) moieties ( 2 ) and coordinatively saturated Pt(II) ions in the mixed ligand complex ( 3 ), whose size and shape enable them to behave as novel scaffolds for DNA binding. All complexes were tested “ in vitro ” for their biological activity on human HT29 colorectal carcinoma and HepG2 hepatoma cells. The complexes ( 1 ) and ( 3 ), endowed with a positive charge, showed a potent cytotoxic activity and reduced cell viability with an efficacy higher than that of cisplatin; whilst the neutral bifunctional compound ( 2 ) was inactive. IC50 values have been calculated for the active compounds. The cytotoxic effects were confirmed by the accumulation of treated cells in subG0/G1 phase of cell cycle, by the loss of mitochondrial potential (Δ ψ m ) and by the chromatin condensation or fragmentation observed by means of fluorescence microscopy after Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining. A study on intracellular platinum uptake in HT29 cell line has been also performed and data obtained strongly suggest that the cytotoxicity of new tested complexes reported in this work is based on a different pharmacodynamic pattern with respect to cisplatin.

Published
2011

248. Concatenazioni

Author

Iannucci, M, Monzio Compagnoni, AS, Sticchi, A., Rubino, Simona, Florio, R, Piscopo, C, Scala, P, Iannucci, M, Monzio Compagnoni, AS, Rubino, S, and Sticchi, A

Subjects
progetto, riqualificazione urbana, Settore ICAR/21 - Urbanistica
Published
2010

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