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Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The presence of chemoresistant cells has been used to explain this high mortality rate. These higher tumorigenic and chemoresistant cells involve cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have the potential for self-renewal, a cell differentiation capacity, and a greater tumorigenic capacity. Our research group identified gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) with the CD24+CD44+CD326+ICAM1+ immunophenotype isolated from gastric cancer patients. Interestingly, this GCSC immunophenotype was absent in cells isolated from healthy people, who presented a cell population with a CD24+CD44+CD326+ immunophenotype, lacking ICAM1. We aimed to explore the role of ICAM1 in these GCSCs; for this purpose, we isolated GCSCs from the AGS cell line and generated a GCSC line knockout for ICAM1 using CRISPR/iCas9, which we named GCSC-ICAM1KO. To assess the role of ICAM1 in the GCSCs, we analyzed the migration, invasion, and chemoresistance capabilities of the GCSCs using in vitro assays and evaluated the migratory, invasive, and tumorigenic properties in a zebrafish model. The in vitro analysis showed that ICAM1 regulated STAT3 activation (pSTAT3-ser727) in the GCSCs, which could contribute to the ability of GCSCs to migrate, invade, and metastasize. Interestingly, we demonstrated that the GCSC-ICAM1KO cells lost their capacity to migrate, invade, and metastasize, but they exhibited an increased resistance to a cisplatin treatment compared to their parental GCSCs; the GCSC-ICAM1KO cells also exhibited an increased tumorigenic capability in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational thinking is recognized as a critical competency in contemporary education, preparing individuals to tackle complex challenges in a digitally pervasive world. In this quasi-experimental design study with pretest and post-test measures, the possibility of developing computational thinking from the field of didactics of mathematics in higher education students was investigated. This was performed via a problem-based learning (PBL) methodology using problem solving in the experimental group or, alternatively, focused on the analysis of solved problems in the control group. After the intervention, the control group experienced a statistically significant improvement in the scores obtained in the post-test measure. Thus, PBL and problem solving did not lead to an improvement in the students' computational thinking, whereas the analysis of solved problems approach did. Therefore, the results suggested the potential benefits of this latter methodology for teaching computational thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se diseñó un sistema de facturación posibilita a la Empresa de Servicios a la Unión del Níquel llevar a cabo la gestión de facturas, el cual podrá agilizar y mejorar todos los procesos que intervengan durante el cierre de sus operaciones contables de forma eficiente, proporcionando mayor seguridad, accesibilidad y rapidez en la gestión de la información. Está soportado sobre Firebird 2.5 con características CLIENTE-SERVIDOR. El diseño de la interfaz cliente y la programación han sido ejecutados sobre la plataforma de desarrollo Borland Studio 2010. Se dispone de varias herramientas adicionales para el diseño y consulta de una variedad de reportes, edición de errores de la base de datos y facilidades de exportación de informaciones y documentos a formatos estándar (*.doc, *.xls, *.pdf, etc) del sistema operativo Windows.

Summary: Background: Mental health is a public health issue for European young people, with great heterogeneity in resource allocation. Representative population-based studies are needed. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 provides internationally comparable information on trends in the health status of populations and changes in the leading causes of disease burden over time. Methods: Prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) from mental disorders (MDs), substance use disorders (SUDs) and self-harm were estimated for young people aged 10-24 years in 31 European countries. Rates per 100,000 population, percentage changes in 1990-2019, 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UIs), and correlations with Sociodemographic Index (SDI), were estimated. Findings: In 2019, rates per 100,000 population were 16,983 (95% UI 12,823 – 21,630) for MDs, 3,891 (3,020 - 4,905) for SUDs, and 89·1 (63·8 - 123·1) for self-harm. In terms of disability, anxiety contributed to 647·3 (432–912·3) YLDs, while in terms of premature death, self-harm contributed to 319·6 (248·9–412·8) YLLs, per 100,000 population. Over the 30 years studied, YLDs increased in eating disorders (14·9%;9·4-20·1) and drug use disorders (16·9%;8·9-26·3), and decreased in idiopathic developmental intellectual disability (–29·1%;23·8-38·5). YLLs decreased in self-harm (–27·9%;38·3-18·7). Variations were found by sex, age-group and country. The burden of SUDs and self-harm was higher in countries with lower SDI, MDs were associated with SUDs. Interpretation: Mental health conditions represent an important burden among young people living in Europe. National policies should strengthen mental health, with a specific focus on young people. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

The Atlantic Diet (AD) is the traditional diet in Galicia (NW-Spain) and northern Portugal.A thirteen-item questionnaire was developed to assess the degree of adherence to the AD pattern of Galician senior population. Another questionnaire was designed to determine the degree of knowledge about AD.The adherence to the AD was medium–high. The consumption of nuts, wine, and fish and seafood were the AD characteristics complied with to a lesser extent by senior population. Only 15.4% of the respondents claimed to eat at least 4 servings / week of nuts, only 24.5% consumed 1 (females) or 2 (males) glasses of wine / day and only 35.0% consumed more than 3 servings / week of fish and seafood. On the opposite side was the daily consumption of dairy products and olive oil by more than 90.0% of them.The consumption of nuts and game meat were the least well-known AD characteristics.

Background: Scoliosis is a health problem that causes a side-to-side curvature in the spine. The curvature may have an “S” or “C” shape. To evaluate scoliosis, the Cobb angle has been commonly used. However, digital image processing allows the Cobb angle to be obtained easily and quickly, several researchers have determined that Cobb angle contains high variations (errors) in the measurements. Therefore, a more reproducible computer aided-method to evaluate scoliosis is presented. Material and Methods: In this analytical study, several polynomial curves were fitted to the spine curvature (4th to 8th order) of thirty plain films of scoliosis patients to obtain the Curvature-Length of the spine. Each plain film was evaluated by 3 physician observers. Curvature was measured twice using the Cobb method and the proposed Curvature-Length Technique (CLT). Data were analyzed by a paired-sample Student t-test and Pearson correlation method using SPSS Statistics 25. Results: The curve of 7th order polynomial had the best fit on the spine curvature and was also used for our proposed method (CLT) obtaining a significant positive correlation when compared to Cobb measurements (r=0.863, PConclusion: Based on results, it was concluded that CLT method is more reproducible than the Cobb method for measuring spinal curvature.

Introducción:El uso excesivo e inadecuado de los antibióticos ha contribuido al incremento de la resistencia antimicrobiana y al aumento en los costos hospitalarios, lo que atenta contra la calidad asistencial.Objetivo:Determinar el consumo, el costo global y total de antibióticos en dos servicios hospitalarios.Métodos:Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, observacional, transversal, en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico ¨Aleida Fernández Chardiet¨ del municipio de Güines, provincia Mayabeque, en el período comprendido de enero a abril de 2019. La información primaria se obtuvo del reporte de consumo de antibióticos y se trabajó con el universo de antibióticos controlados registrados0que se prescribieron en los servicios de Medicina Interna y Cirugía.Las variables se expresaron en frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Los resultados se mostraron en tablas y gráficos.Resultados: Los antibióticos más utilizados fueron: en un 25.6 % el Cefatoxime, 15.1 % la Cefuroxima y en un 11.2 % la Ceftriaxona. El mayor gasto por concepto de antibióticos controlados consumidos en esas salas correspondió en un 28.21 % al mes de marzo, seguido por 27.57 % en el mes de enero y un 24.41 % en el mes de febrero.Conclusiones:Las cefalosporinas constituyen el grupo farmacológico más empleado, el costo global de antibióticos consumidos en ambos servicios corresponden a las prescripciones de Ciprofloxacina y Ceftriaxona y el costo total de antibióticos incide en los meses de enero y marzo.

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la situación, evaluación y propuestas de mejora del Programa de Actividades Preventivas y de Promoción de la Salud (PAPPS). Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de análisis de la situación para una evaluación del PAPPS en 2 fases: 1) generación de ideas y recogida de información a través de una matriz DAFO, a través de 2 tipos de criterios, internos (fortalezas y debilidades), y externos (amenazas y oportunidades); 2) priorización de las propuestas de mejora recogidas. Selección de participantes: se identificaron informadores-clave teniendo en cuenta su relación y conocimiento del programa PAPPS. Se incluyeron a todos los integrantes de los grupos de expertos del PAPPS y miembros con participación en el pasado, así como a los componentes del organismo de coordinación, incluidos los responsables autonómicos del PAPPS. Se enviaron dos invitaciones a participar en el estudio: la primera desde el 29 diciembre de 2017 al 11 febrero de 2018, y la segunda entre el 10 y el 23 de enero de 2019. La información se obtuvo a partir de un cuestionario concebido para ser autocumplimentado. Resultados y conclusiones: Respondieron el cuestionario un total de 73 sujetos. El 35% de los participantes eran miembros de los grupos de trabajo del PAPPS, siendo el grupo más numeroso, seguido de médicos de familia de otros ámbitos, con el 20,5%. El orden de priorización de las propuestas de mejora fue el siguiente: 1) unificar recomendaciones con otros grupos de trabajo de semFYC; 2) elaborar listados con «Recomendaciones No hacer» desde el punto de vista de la prevención; 3) incorporar el PAPPS en la agenda política; 4) mayor coordinación e interacción entre grupos con competencias comunes; 5) docencia en pregrado y en unidades docentes, darse a conocer también a los estudiantes de Medicina; 6) revisión, actualización y difusión a cualquier profesional de Atención Primaria. Abstract: Objective: To analyze the situation, evaluation and proposals for improvement of the Preventive Activities and Health Promotion Program (PAPPS). Material and methods: A qualitative study of situation analysis was carried out for the evaluation of the PAPPS in 2 phases: 1) Generation of ideas and collection of information through a DAFO matrix, using 2 types of criteria: internal (strengths and weaknesses), and external (threats and opportunities); 2) Prioritization of the improvement proposals collected. Selection of participants: Key informants were identified taking into account their relationship and knowledge of the PAPPS program. All members of the PAPPS, expert groups and members with past participation were included, as well as the coordinators, including the autonomous leaders of the PAPPS. Two invitations to participate in the study were sent: the first from December 29, 2017 to February 11, 2018, and the second from January 10 to 23, 2019. The information was obtained from a questionnaire designed to be self-completed. Results and conclusions: A total of 73 subjects answered the questionnaire. 35% of the participants were members of the PAPPS working groups, followed by family doctors from other areas, with 20.5%. The order of prioritization of the improvement proposals was as follows: 1) Unify recommendations with other semFYC working groups; 2) Prepare lists with “Recommendations not to do” from the point of view of prevention; 3) Incorporate PAPPS in the political agenda; 4) Greater coordination and interaction between groups with common competences; 5) Teaching in undergraduate and teaching units; 6) Review, update and dissemination of the program in Primary Care.

Abstract Background Health professionals’ training is a key element to address unhealthy alcohol use in Primary Care (PC). Education about alcohol use can be effective in improving PC provider’s knowledge and skills addressing alcohol-related problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the training of health professionals to address unhealthy alcohol use in PC. Methods An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study was performed. Location: PC centres of the Spanish National Health System (SNHS). Participants: Family physicians, residents and nurses completed an online questionnaire that inquired about their training (none, basic, medium or advanced), knowledge and preventive practices aimed at reducing unhealthy alcohol use. The study population was recruited via random sampling, stratified by the regions of the SNHS’s PC centre, and by email invitation to members of two Spanish scientific societies of Family Medicine. Results A total of 1760 professionals participated in the study. Sixty-seven percent (95% CI: 67.5–71.8) reported not having received specific training to address unhealthy alcohol use, 30% (95% CI: 27.4–31.7) reported having received basic training, and 3% (95% CI: 2.3–4.0) medium/advanced training. The training received was greater in younger providers (p

La evaluación de la calidad de la educación es un proceso en el que se involucran los estudiantes, los docentes, la familia y la sociedad. Decir que se posee un alto índice de calidad en la educación requiere de la aplicación de instrumentos que demuestren las competencias y desempeños de los factores antes mencionados. Los maestros como un eslabón importante en esta cadena necesitan conocer los presupuestos teóricos que sustentan dicha evaluación; en tal sentido el artículo refiere por los autores una reflexión a partir del estudio de documentos de organismos internacionales como la ONU y la UNICEF, así como de los diferentes grupos de trabajos sobre evaluación de la calidad de la educación, donde se resumen importantes presupuestos.

La elaboración del artículo partió de una búsqueda exhaustiva de diferentes fuentes bibliográficas relacionadas con el tema de investigación. La indagación científica requirió de la aplicación de los métodos científicos. Se procesaron las fuentes del conocimiento, cuyos datos generalizaron mediante los procedimientos lógicos del conocimiento científico, estos permitieron unido a la experiencia investigativa de los autores ofrecer al lector pautas a seguir en el procesamiento de la información en los estudios de profundización con el uso de herramientas informáticas.

Estudio y contextualización del yacimiento de las cavidades graníticas de As Covas da Trapa (Ribadelouro, Tui). En el interior de esta cavidad se ha identificado un importante número de materiales arqueológicos (principalmente recipientes cerámicos en un grado de integridad elevado), así como algunas muestras de arte rupestre. Las características de los materiales encajan en cronologías prehistóricas, especialmente dentro del Neolítico final y la Edad del Bronce. Las condiciones de ocupación, posiblemente funeraria, y la continuidad cronológica en la ocupación de este tipo de espacios refuerzan la importancia de las cuevas para el estudio de la Prehistoria del NW ibérico. [gl] Estudo e contextualización do xacemento das cavidades graníticas de As Covas da Trapa (Ribadelouro, Tui). No interior desta cavidade identificouse un importante número de materiais arqueolóxicos (principalmente recipientes cerámicos nun grao de integridade elevado), así como algunhas mostras de arte rupestre. As características dos materiais encaixan en cronoloxías prehistóricas, especialmente dentro do Neolítico final e a Idade do Bronce. As condicións de ocupación, posiblemente funeraria, e a continuidade cronolóxica na ocupación deste tipo de espazos reforzan a importancia das covas para o estudo da Prehistoria do NW ibérico.

This article analyzes how the media constructs social reality through language. Social reality is revised as a discursive construct based on the anthropic principle of information and on Watzlawick's axiom that, “it is impossible not to communicate”. The main objective is to analyze how the concept of “public opinion” has evolved with the development of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT). To this end, a critical review of scientific literature has been carried out, mapping the WoS and Scopus databases, and determining, through a literature review, how the new definitions of public opinion are formed. This increases the understanding of the media ecosystem and the interactions of individuals at the digital communication level. The main conclusion of this study highlights how public opinion is no longer created unidirectionally and monopolistically through conventional media, but with the interaction and participation of the “prosumer audience” within social networks. However, this does not mean the role of the media in social control has been completely lost through strategies such as framing and priming. Indeed, new informative vices, such as fake news, have emerged from this interactive construction of realities.

The current communicative ecosystem has profoundly transformed journalistic work and the media, generating with great eagerness the emergence of digital native media that do not follow the logic of their conventional peers. Although the advent of these media is not entirely negative, as they create multiple voices that contribute to pluralism, their quality has undoubtedly been questioned on several academic fronts. This work analyzes the most important Latin American digital native media by number of accesses (traffic), using a taxonomy of evaluation of dimensions of the informative quality, in which aspects such as informative sources, uses of international news agencies, correction of contents and factuality levels, ideological plurality in their opinion contents, among others, are taken into consideration. Of the emerging results, the ‘use of statistical indicators’ was the least rated (32.5%), mainly due to a lack of data journalism in the media studied. It is also worth noting that the indicator ‘comments and monitoring’ obtained the second-lowest rating, indicating an absence of conversation between the media and its audience through the comments section of each content.

Introducción:El reto que la sociedad actual propone a las universidades consiste en formar profesionales capaces de afrontar demandas laborales, desarrollar habilidades que les permita solucionar eficazmente las necesidades sociales, combinando conocimiento y habilidades intelectuales, manuales, sociales, actitudes para afrontar un problema profesional.Objetivo:Identificar los indicadores que permitan evaluar la correspondencia entre pertinencia del egresado de las Ciencias Médicas y la calidad de los servicios prestados en las instituciones de Atención Secundaria de Salud, provincia Mayabeque.Métodos:Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal de abril 2018 a abril 2019 en las entidades de Atención Secundaria de Salud. El universo estuvo constituido por 250 graduados de las carreras de Ciencias Médicas, 100 estudiantes de Medicina, 50 de Estomatología y 100 de Tecnología de la Salud vinculados a las instituciones objeto de estudio y 100 pacientes que acudieron solicitando atención en el periodo estudiado.Resultados:Se identificaron 12 Indicadores para evaluar la pertinencia del egresado de las carreras de Ciencias Médicas, 26 Indicadores para caracterizar la calidad de los servicios brindados en las instituciones de Atención Secundaria de Salud y la correspondencia entre los indicadores de pertinencia y calidadConclusiones:Existe correspondencia entre pertinencia del egresado de las carreras de Ciencias Médicas y la calidad de los servicios brindados en las instituciones de Atención Secundaria de Salud de la provincia Mayabeque. La correspondencia entre pertinencia y calidad será más eficiente en la medida en que se logre que los profesionales apliquen conocimientos y habilidades para solucionar las necesidades de salud de la población.

Introduction: The collaboration between professionals from different countries has become a claim in the globalised world where we live. In this scenario, collaborative social networks play a fundamental role in bringing people from different territories together in the same virtual space that it favours the exchange of information. Objective: To analyse the use and integration of social networks to favour international collaboration between medical students from the University of Granada (Spain) and the University of Sheffield (UK). Methodology: A quantitative methodology has been used using a questionnaire developed ad hoc to quantify the degree of student satisfaction after participation in the collaborative social network. The sample was composed of 110 students of the degree in medicine, 74 from the University of Granada and 36 from the University of Sheffield. Results: We find high percentages according to the improvement of learning from collaboration, as well as the relevance for the exchange of information and collaborative work between countries. Conclusion: This type of experience highlights the need to collaborate from digital networks with health professionals from other countries to improve student learning and know different methods and systems of action that improve daily medical practice. Resumen: Introducción: La colaboración entre profesionales de diferentes países se ha convertido en un reclamo en el mundo globalizado donde vivimos. En este escenario, las redes sociales colaborativas juegan un papel fundamental al reunir a personas de diferentes territorios en el mismo espacio virtual para favorecer el intercambio de información. Objetivo: Analizar el uso y la integración de las redes sociales para favorecer la colaboración internacional entre estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Granada (España) y la Universidad de Sheffield (Reino Unido). Metodología: Se ha utilizado una metodología cuantitativa empleando un cuestionario ad hoc para cuantificar el grado de satisfacción del estudiante después de participar en la red social colaborativa. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 110 estudiantes del grado de medicina, 74 de la Universidad de Granada y 36 de la Universidad de Sheffield. Resultados: Encontramos altos porcentajes de acuerdo con la mejora del aprendizaje a partir de la colaboración, así como la relevancia para el intercambio de información y el trabajo colaborativo entre países. Conclusiones: Este tipo de experiencia resalta la necesidad de colaborar desde redes digitales con profesionales de la salud de otros países para mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y conocer diferentes métodos y sistemas de actuación que mejoran la práctica médica diaria. Keywords: Social networks, Collaborative learning, Students, Medicine degree, Palabras clave: Redes sociales, Aprendizaje colaborativo, Estudiantes, Grado en medicina

The use of mobile devices in classrooms is becoming more and more common. The introduction of these resources to produce learning is part of the mobile learning methodology. Among the possibilities of these devices provide we can find, as an emerging technology, augmented reality, which combines elements of the real world with virtual images. The purpose of this paper is to know the impact of the augmented reality in the educational cooperatives of Andalusia. In this regard, educational cooperatives are centers characterized in their origin by promoting the development of methodologies based on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The data collection instrument used in this questionnaire is a quantitative methodology of a descriptive nature. The questionnaire was prepared ad hoc according to the existing literature and the answers coded on a Likert scale. The results show that only a minority of teachers implement the augmented reality in their classes. In addition, there are statistically significant differences in terms of professional experience, so that younger teachers tend to implement methodologies based on the use of emerging mobile technologies such as augmented reality. Finally, it is emphasized that despite the constant technological advance of mobile devices in society, their application in the classroom occurs slowly.

La presente investigación ilustra el proceso de realización e implementación de un cuestionario de 42 preguntas que permite conocer el nivel de alfabetización mediática en adolescentes. Fue diseñado a partir de la categorización de los indicadores pertenecientes a cada una de las seis dimensiones de la competencia mediática propuestos por Ferrés y Piscitelli (2012) a través del uso de referentes audiovisuales contemporáneos. La implementación de esta herramienta evidenció un déficit en el dominio de las habilidades funcionales y analíticas que supone esta formación en los 63 sujetos que conformaron la muestra de investigación, además existió una brecha de género al ser las mujeres quienes mayor puntaje obtuvieron. Asimismo, se encontró un aumento casi progresivo del promedio obtenido en función del incremento de edad. La creación de este instrumento pretende abonar a la corriente de estudios que evalúan las habilidades necesarias para relacionarse con y a partir de los nuevos medios de comunicación.