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202. Additional file 4: of Wealth and cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional study of wealth-related inequalities in the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Author

Palafox, Benjamin, McKee, Martin, Balabanova, Dina, AlHabib, Khalid, Avezum, Alvaro, Bahonar, Ahmad, Noorhassim Ismail, Jephat Chifamba, Chow, Clara, Corsi, Daniel, Dagenais, Gilles, Diaz, Rafael, Gupta, Rajeev, Romaina Iqbal, Kaur, Manmeet, Khatib, Rasha, Kruger, Annamarie, Iolanthe Kruger, Lanas, Fernando, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Minfan, Fu, Viswanathan Mohan, Mony, Prem, Oguz, Aytekin, Palileo-Villanueva, Lia, Perel, Pablo, Poirier, Paul, Rangarajan, Sumathy, Rensheng, Lei, Rosengren, Annika, Biju Soman, Stuckler, David, S. Subramanian, Koon Teo, Lungiswa Tsolekile, Wielgosz, Andreas, Yaguang, Peng, Yeates, Karen, Yongzhen, Mo, Yusoff, Khalid, Yusuf, Rita, Afzalhussein Yusufali, ZatońSka, Katarzyna, and Yusuf, Salim

Subjects
body regions, nervous system, fungi, 1. No poverty, cardiovascular diseases
Abstract

PURE study data collection on CVD risk factors (PDF 36 kb)

203. Additional file 10: of Wealth and cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional study of wealth-related inequalities in the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Author

Palafox, Benjamin, McKee, Martin, Balabanova, Dina, AlHabib, Khalid, Avezum, Alvaro, Bahonar, Ahmad, Noorhassim Ismail, Jephat Chifamba, Chow, Clara, Corsi, Daniel, Dagenais, Gilles, Diaz, Rafael, Gupta, Rajeev, Romaina Iqbal, Kaur, Manmeet, Khatib, Rasha, Kruger, Annamarie, Iolanthe Kruger, Lanas, Fernando, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Minfan, Fu, Viswanathan Mohan, Mony, Prem, Oguz, Aytekin, Palileo-Villanueva, Lia, Perel, Pablo, Poirier, Paul, Rangarajan, Sumathy, Rensheng, Lei, Rosengren, Annika, Biju Soman, Stuckler, David, S. Subramanian, Koon Teo, Lungiswa Tsolekile, Wielgosz, Andreas, Yaguang, Peng, Yeates, Karen, Yongzhen, Mo, Yusoff, Khalid, Yusuf, Rita, Afzalhussein Yusufali, ZatońSka, Katarzyna, and Yusuf, Salim

Subjects
1. No poverty
Abstract

Acknowledgments and funding sources. (PDF 76 kb)

204. Additional file 7: Figure S1. of Wealth and cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional study of wealth-related inequalities in the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Author

Palafox, Benjamin, McKee, Martin, Balabanova, Dina, AlHabib, Khalid, Avezum, Alvaro, Bahonar, Ahmad, Noorhassim Ismail, Jephat Chifamba, Chow, Clara, Corsi, Daniel, Dagenais, Gilles, Diaz, Rafael, Gupta, Rajeev, Romaina Iqbal, Kaur, Manmeet, Khatib, Rasha, Kruger, Annamarie, Iolanthe Kruger, Lanas, Fernando, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Minfan, Fu, Viswanathan Mohan, Mony, Prem, Oguz, Aytekin, Palileo-Villanueva, Lia, Perel, Pablo, Poirier, Paul, Rangarajan, Sumathy, Rensheng, Lei, Rosengren, Annika, Biju Soman, Stuckler, David, S. Subramanian, Koon Teo, Lungiswa Tsolekile, Wielgosz, Andreas, Yaguang, Peng, Yeates, Karen, Yongzhen, Mo, Yusoff, Khalid, Yusuf, Rita, Afzalhussein Yusufali, ZatońSka, Katarzyna, and Yusuf, Salim

Subjects
1. No poverty
Abstract

Patterns of adjusted hypertension prevalence with 95% confidence intervals within PURE cohorts by wealth quintile, and standardized hypertension concentration indices with 95% confidence intervals, by country (ordered by 2006 GDP). (PDF 15 kb)

205. Additional file 1: of Wealth and cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional study of wealth-related inequalities in the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Author

Palafox, Benjamin, McKee, Martin, Balabanova, Dina, AlHabib, Khalid, Avezum, Alvaro, Bahonar, Ahmad, Noorhassim Ismail, Jephat Chifamba, Chow, Clara, Corsi, Daniel, Dagenais, Gilles, Diaz, Rafael, Gupta, Rajeev, Romaina Iqbal, Kaur, Manmeet, Khatib, Rasha, Kruger, Annamarie, Iolanthe Kruger, Lanas, Fernando, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Minfan, Fu, Viswanathan Mohan, Mony, Prem, Oguz, Aytekin, Palileo-Villanueva, Lia, Perel, Pablo, Poirier, Paul, Rangarajan, Sumathy, Rensheng, Lei, Rosengren, Annika, Biju Soman, Stuckler, David, S. Subramanian, Koon Teo, Lungiswa Tsolekile, Wielgosz, Andreas, Yaguang, Peng, Yeates, Karen, Yongzhen, Mo, Yusoff, Khalid, Yusuf, Rita, Afzalhussein Yusufali, ZatońSka, Katarzyna, and Yusuf, Salim

Subjects
1. No poverty
Abstract

Timing of data collection in each country. (PDF 14 kb)

206. Wealth and cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional study of wealth-related inequalities in the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Author

Afzalhussein Yusufali, Rajeev Gupta, Katarzyna Zatońska, Jephat Chifamba, Manmeet Kaur, Viswanathan Mohan, Salim Yusuf, David Stuckler, Mo Yongzhen, Annamarie Kruger, Khalid F. AlHabib, Martin McKee, Lungiswa Tsolekile, Noor Hassim Ismail, Biju Soman, Annika Rosengren, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, S. V. Subramanian, Clara K Chow, Ahmad Bahonar, Prem Mony, Rasha Khatib, Khalid Yusoff, Daniel J. Corsi, Paul Poirier, Rita Yusuf, Benjamin Palafox, Sumathy Rangarajan, Lia M. Palileo-Villanueva, Iolanthé M. Kruger, Alvaro Avezum, Dina Balabanova, Fu Minfan, Pablo Perel, Karen Yeates, Gilles R. Dagenais, Lei Rensheng, Andreas Wielgosz, Aytekin Oguz, Peng Yaguang, Koon K. Teo, Romaina Iqbal, Rafael Diaz, Fernando Lanas, 10062416 - Kruger, Annamarie, and 12079642 - Kruger, Iolanthé Marike

Subjects
Male, Rural Population, Chronic condition, Urban Population, Blood Pressure, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, Global health, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, 10. No inequality, GLOBAL HEALTH, HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES, HYPERTENSION, SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS, HEALTH POLICY, PUBLIC HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, education.field_of_study, Family Characteristics, Health Policy, 1. No poverty, Awareness, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Hypertension, Income, Female, PUBLIC HEALTH, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Healthcare disparities, Population, Argentina, Developing country, Socioeconomic factors, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, Humans, education, Developing Countries, Poverty, Health policy, Aged, Sweden, business.industry, Public health, Research, Developed Countries, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, Health Surveys, Cross-Sectional Studies, Social Class, Poland, Self Report, Rural area, business
Abstract

14 p., Background Effective policies to control hypertension require an understanding of its distribution in the population and the barriers people face along the pathway from detection through to treatment and control. One key factor is household wealth, which may enable or limit a household’s ability to access health care services and adequately control such a chronic condition. This study aims to describe the scale and patterns of wealth-related inequalities in the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in 21 countries using baseline data from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study. Methods A cross-section of 163,397 adults aged 35 to 70 years were recruited from 661 urban and rural communities in selected low-, middle- and high-income countries (complete data for this analysis from 151,619 participants). Using blood pressure measurements, self-reported health and household data, concentration indices adjusted for age, sex and urban-rural location, we estimate the magnitude of wealth-related inequalities in the levels of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in each of the 21 country samples. Results Overall, the magnitude of wealth-related inequalities in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control was observed to be higher in poorer than in richer countries. In poorer countries, levels of hypertension awareness and treatment tended to be higher among wealthier households; while a similar pro-rich distribution was observed for hypertension control in countries at all levels of economic development. In some countries, hypertension awareness was greater among the poor (Sweden, Argentina, Poland), as was treatment (Sweden, Poland) and control (Sweden). Conclusion Inequality in hypertension management outcomes decreased as countries became richer, but the considerable variation in patterns of wealth-related inequality - even among countries at similar levels of economic development - underscores the importance of health systems in improving hypertension management for all. These findings show that some, but not all, countries, including those with limited resources, have been able to achieve more equitable management of hypertension; and strategies must be tailored to national contexts to achieve optimal impact at population level.

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207. Additional file 5: of Wealth and cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional study of wealth-related inequalities in the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Author

Palafox, Benjamin, McKee, Martin, Balabanova, Dina, AlHabib, Khalid, Avezum, Alvaro, Bahonar, Ahmad, Noorhassim Ismail, Jephat Chifamba, Chow, Clara, Corsi, Daniel, Dagenais, Gilles, Diaz, Rafael, Gupta, Rajeev, Romaina Iqbal, Kaur, Manmeet, Khatib, Rasha, Kruger, Annamarie, Iolanthe Kruger, Lanas, Fernando, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Minfan, Fu, Viswanathan Mohan, Mony, Prem, Oguz, Aytekin, Palileo-Villanueva, Lia, Perel, Pablo, Poirier, Paul, Rangarajan, Sumathy, Rensheng, Lei, Rosengren, Annika, Biju Soman, Stuckler, David, S. Subramanian, Koon Teo, Lungiswa Tsolekile, Wielgosz, Andreas, Yaguang, Peng, Yeates, Karen, Yongzhen, Mo, Yusoff, Khalid, Yusuf, Rita, Afzalhussein Yusufali, ZatońSka, Katarzyna, and Yusuf, Salim

Subjects
1. No poverty
Abstract

Additional details on the asset-based wealth index used in the PURE study. (PDF 42 kb)

209. Frequency of poor quality of life and predictors of health related quality of life in cirrhosis at a tertiary care hospital Pakistan

Author

Iqbal Azam, Romaina Iqbal, Wasim Jafri, Om Parkash, and Fatima Jafri

Subjects
Liver Cirrhosis, Male, Cirrhosis, Cross-sectional study, Health Status, lcsh:Medicine, Blood Pressure, Chronic liver disease, Severity of Illness Index, Hepatitis, Tertiary Care Centers, Liver disease, Hemoglobins, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, Quality of life, Diastole, Risk Factors, Health related Quality of life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Outpatient clinic, Health Status Indicators, Pakistan, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Hepatic encephalopathy, Medicine(all), Ascites, General Medicine, Hepatitis C, Middle Aged, Female, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Outpatient Clinics, Hospital, Short Report, Serum Albumin, Human, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Intensive care medicine, lcsh:Science (General), Serum Albumin, business.industry, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), lcsh:R, Upper GI bleed, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, lcsh:Biology (General), Linear Models, Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B, business, Biomarkers, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract

Background Cirrhosis produces variety of symptoms which eventually lead to a negative impact on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL). The general aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of poor HRQOL and to assess factors related with HRQOL in patients with CLD in Pakistan. Findings This was a cross sectional study conducted in gastroenterology outpatient clinics of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi on adult patients with cirrhosis. In this study chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) was used to assess HRQOL of these patients and CLDQ score was used as an outcome measure to determine factors related with HRQOL. 273 participants were recruited in the study; 155 (57%) were males. Mean age of participants was 49 ± 11 years. The most common cause for cirrhosis was viral infection 247(91.5%). Mean Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was 12.6 ± 6.8 and 2/3 of patients 209 (76.6%) had advanced cirrhosis in Child Turcot Pugh (CTP) B or C stage. Poor HRQOL was seen in 187(69%; 95% C.I.: 63%, 74%) of the participants. Mean CLDQ score was 4.36 ±1.1. Amongst all of the domains, fatigue domain had lower CLDQ score. Hemoglobin (β = 0.09 [SE = 0.04]), Albumin (β = 0.32[SE = 0.09]), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (β = 0.01[0.005) prior history of decompensation (β = 0.98[SE = 0.39] were significant factors associated with HRQOL in patients with liver cirrhosis. Conclusion Frequency of poor health related quality of life determined by CLDQ score is high in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hemoglobin, serum albumen, prior history of decompensation (like encephalopathy and upper gastro intestinal bleed), are associated with health related quality of life.

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