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Background: Jumping to conclusions (JTC) is a reasoning and data gathering bias that results in the tendency to require less evidence and make hasty decisions. Preliminary work on reasoning bias focused primarily on the association with delusions, although jumping to conclusions has also been found in non-deluded schizophrenia (SZ) patients. Literature to date has shown JTC as a well-established bias in psychosis even at First Episode Psychosis (FEP), after remission, and in individuals with at risk mental state. Furthermore, JTC has been found to be associated with proneness to psychotic-like experiences in the general population. In teresting findings showed also an association with lower cognitive functioning in psychotic patients, and some degree of stability of JTC over the course of illness. Overall, findings to date could suggest a shared genetic liability between the occurrence of JTC and psychosis. The present study aims to investigate in a sample of FEP and healthy controls: 1) environment, cognitive, and clinical factors associated with JTC bias 2) whether the addition of SZ Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) explains any further variance in the model. Methods: We analyzed data on JTC (Beads task 60:40) in a sample of 503 FEP and 959 population controls for which genetic information was available, recruited as part as the EU-GEI study across UK, Netherlands, France, Spain, Italy and Brazil. In the first step, logistic regressions have been performed to predict JTC respectively in cases and controls considering as covariates: age, gender, level of education, IQ, country, frequency of cannabis use, population density, positive symptoms, and 20 principal components (PCs) for population stratification. In the second step, we estimated a model adding SZ PRS to the aforementioned terms. Results: Individuals coming from Brazil were about 6 times more likely to jump to conclusions in case group (OR=6.69; CI 95%=2.23-20.06; p=0.001) and around 5 times among controls (OR=4.76; CI 95%=2.28-9.93; p

Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationship between clustering and hotel competitiveness in emerging economy destinations by analyzing potential mediation of the management innovations implemented. Design/methodology/approach This empirical study is based on hotel-level information from a survey including 131 hotels in 2014. Colombia was chosen as a representative of Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey and South Africa (CIVETS) emerging destinations. The relationships were analyzed by structural modeling and partial least squares. Findings Clustering has a positive direct impact on hotel competitiveness and innovation, and there is a positive effect of innovation on competitiveness. Therefore, the link between clustering and competitiveness is partially mediated through implementation of management innovations. Practical implications Hotels should actively participate in agglomerated destinations and build relationships with established firms by clustering. Interaction with related firms and implementation of management innovations will lead to increased levels of economic competitiveness. Public policymakers should foster collaborative strategic networking in the hospitality industry of emerging economy destinations. Originality/value This paper focused on separating the direct and indirect effects of clustering on hotel competitiveness. Implementation of management innovations was considered as an outcome derived from clustering in emerging tourist destinations, using the example of Colombia. Clustering stimulates and eases management innovations within the location, and that combination reinforces the role that cooperating while competing plays in hotel competitiveness for destinations with lagging innovation.

In spite of policy impetus, research shows that teachers struggle to address the increasing diversity in classrooms, among others, due to the lack of competences to deal with it. The acquisition of Intercultural Competence (IC), which could be defined as “the ability to mobilise and deploy relevant attitudes, skills, knowledge and values in order to interact effectively and appropriately in different intercultural situations”, is a crucial need for teachers to deal with diversity and to be successful in their teaching. In this context, in 2019 the JRC launched the INNO4DIV project with the aim to support polices in the field of IC of teachers, through the analysis of literature and innovative good practices which have successfully addressed the existing barriers for teacher´s IC development. The conceptual framework presented in this report aims at providing, for the purpose of the research project, a model of reference for the development of IC in teacher’s education in Europe. It offers an overview of international frameworks elaborated during the last decade in order to provide teachers with competences for addressing cultural diversity in the classroom, including the UNESCO Intercultural Competence, OECD Global Competence and Council of Europe (CoE) Competence for Democratic Culture frameworks, analysed within the perspective of the EU 2018 European Council Recommendation on Key Competences for Lifelong learning. The first part concludes by posing the CoE Reference Framework on Competences for Democratic Culture as the most suitable framework model for the research purpose, for its comprehensiveness and policy endorsement at EU level. The report also elaborates on the additional requirements for developing IC among teachers, such as institutional support, pedagogical approaches, assessment methods and tools, as well as personal and professional transformation., JRC.B.4-Human Capital and Employment

Trabajo fin de grado en Enfermería, Introducción: el estrés crónico materno, sufrido durante el embarazo, altera los niveles de esteroides del cerebro fetal afectando a su desarrollo neurológico. La Alopregnanolona, neuroesteroide activo derivado de la progesterona, ejerce un papel protector fundamental para mitigar las lesiones cerebrales en la descendencia. Sin embargo, sus concentraciones adecuadas se ven afectadas ante estímulos estresantes perinatales. Objetivo: discutir y evaluar la administración de Alopregnanolona o derivados en mujeres gestantes con niveles altos de estrés para contrarrestar los daños neurológicos ocasionado por la programación fetal, disminuir los niveles de estrés maternos y mejorar, por tanto, la percepción anímica de la embarazada. Método: revisión narrativa a partir de una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos de Ciencias de la Salud como PubMed, CINAHL, Biblioteca Cochrane y Scielo. Resultados: se seleccionaron 42 artículos en función de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. El análisis de los contenidos se organizó a partir de cinco líneas estratégicas que diesen respuesta a los objetivos de este trabajo: administración de progesterona y Alopregnanolona como terapia en animales y humanos; la importancia de las diferencias sexuales en la administración del tratamiento; efectos adversos de la terapia; edad gestacional o etapas idóneas para comenzar la terapia e indicaciones de Alopregnanolona. Finalmente, se analiza la importancia del papel enfermero en la detección, cribado, administración y seguimiento de la terapia. Conclusiones: la terapia con análogos de Alopregnanolona, como la Brexanolona, puede ser de gran utilidad para mejorar el estado anímico materno. Otros análogos como la Ganaloxona, y como indican estudios en animales, pueden contrarrestar los daños neurológicos derivados de concentraciones deficitarias de Alopregnanolona en el feto humano. A pesar de sus múltiples beneficios, se hacen imprescindibles un mayor número de estudios centrados en la dosificación y diferencias sexuales que alteran el mecanismo de acción del fármaco. Así se minimizarán las complicaciones y efectos adversos de la terapia., Introduction: maternal chronic stress during pregnancy changes the steroids levels in the fetal brain affecting their neurological development. Allopregnanolone, an active neurosteroid derived form progesterone, plays a protective fundamental role to mitigate brain injuries in the offspring. However, their normal concentrations are affected by perinatal stressors. Objetive: to discuss and evaluate Allopregnanolone or analogues administration on pregnant women with high levels of stress and counteract the neurologic damage because of the fetal programming, reduce maternal levels of stress and, therefore, enhance the psychic perception of the pregnant woman. Methods: a review was conducted using The Health Sciences databases like PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Scielo. Results: a total of 42 articles were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis of the contents was organized into five categories to respond to the objectives of this work: progesterone and Allopregnanolone administration like a therapy in animals and humans; the importance of the sexual differences when administrating the treatment; therapy adverse effects; gestational ages or suitable stages for starting the therapy and Allopregnanolone indications. Finally, it is analized the importance of the nursing role in the detection, screening, administration and therapy follow-up. Conclusions: the analogues of Allopregnanolone therapy, like Brexanolone, can be useful to improve the psychic mood of the mother. Other analogues, like Ganaloxone, and as we can see in animal studies, could counteract the neurologic injuries derivated from Allopregnanolone low concentrations in the fetous. In spite of it´s multiple benefits, a grater number of studies focused on dosage and sexual differences affecting action mechanisms of the drug are essential for minimizing therapy derived complications and adverse effects.

In spite of policy impetus, research shows that teachers struggle to address the increasing diversity in classrooms, among others, due to the lack of competences to deal with it. The acquisition of Intercultural Competence (IC), which could be defined as “the ability to mobilise and deploy relevant attitudes, skills, knowledge and values in order to interact effectively and appropriately in different intercultural situations”, is a crucial need for teachers to deal with diversity and to be successful in their teaching. In this context, in 2019 the JRC launched the INNO4DIV project with the aim to support polices in the field of IC of teachers, through the analysis of literature and innovative good practices which have successfully addressed the existing barriers for teacher´s IC development. In this context, it was necessary to identify innovative practices for overcoming barriers in the development of intercultural and democratic competences (IDC) of teachers. Given the wealth and variety of educational practices, and in order to preserve the scientific rigour of the identification process, this report offers the rationale and the description of the selection criteria that have been developed according to the conceptual framework of the project, Volume 1. Teachers ́ Intercultural Competence: Working definition and implications for teacher education. Similarly, the process for case identification and selection is also described. Following a brief explanation of the sources for the selection of cases (Section 2), the report focuses on establishing the selection criteria, which are divided into generic and specific criteria (Section 3). The generic criteria apply to all the cases. The specific criteria, however, relate to the scope of each specific Key Enabling Component (KEC), and are the most direct reference to the particular features of the cases. Finally, the document contains an elaborate protocol for case selection that will lead to the final list of selected cases., JRC.B.4-Human Capital and Employment

In spite of policy impetus, research shows that teachers struggle to address the increasing diversity in classrooms, among others, due to the lack of competences to deal with it. The acquisition of Intercultural Competence (IC), which could be defined as “the ability to mobilise and deploy relevant attitudes, skills, knowledge and values in order to interact effectively and appropriately in different intercultural situations”, is a crucial need for teachers to deal with diversity and to be successful in their teaching. In this context, in 2019 the JRC launched the INNO4DIV project with the aim to support polices in the field of IC of teachers, through the analysis of literature and innovative good practices which have successfully addressed the existing barriers for teacher´s IC development. Within this context, the main purpose of this deliverable is to provide an updated list of key enabling components (KECs) for the development of teachers’ intercultural and democratic competence and the barriers that hinder such development. The Literature review confirms prior research, which served as a departure point for the present study, and identified the following 8 KECs: 1. a common understanding of the knowledge skills and attitudes related to IC; 2. supporting policies; 3. effective initial teacher education curricula, including mandatory IC and related assessment methods, naming specific learning objectives and competences, and how to foster them with respective tools, methods and teaching approaches in classroom education as well as in extracurricular activities; 4. availability of high-quality professional IC courses for teachers’ continuous professional development; 5. integrated IC across the school curriculum; 6. the application of effective teaching methods, based on adapted pedagogical approaches such as: Peer-learning, IC networks, IC working groups in school, IC connections within and beyond teacher training, Experiential Learning Collaboration, Challenging assumptions, and Communities of Practice; 7. the availability of supporting tools; and, 8. a whole school approach to intercultural learning, framing, accompanying and supporting teachers IC learning and teaching activities, which needs to be promoted by policy makers and has to be put into practice by the respective educators and school administrators. In addition, the review detected a new essential KEC: Teacher educators with experiential knowledge about interculturality and diversity., JRC.B.4-Human Capital and Employment

This report focuses on six indigenous groups in countries across Latin America. The overarching interest of our research is on the ways that indigenous populations coexist harmoniously with nature, by respecting natural resources and the environment as part of their heritage of ancient cultures and lands. We selected six indigenous led social enterprises that illustrate how this respect for nature can be coupled with a different approach to development that simultaneously protects indigenous communities and their well-being. The lens through which we approach our analysis is the doctrine of Buen Vivir, which implies a holistic approach to living well—in harmony with nature, ensuring that everyone in the community is looked after and no one suffers from hardship. Each community operates their enterprise to benefit every member, including by reinvesting profits back into the communities. We find that these enterprises are very promising for protecting indigenous lands and traditions, while keeping out external enterprises keen on exploiting natural resources, while also offering alternatives to neoliberal forms of development. Our analysis reveals both the strengths and weaknesses of these social enterprises within the approach to Buen Vivir.

Las organizaciones están invirtiendo recursos sustanciales en implementar innovaciones de productos y procesos, esperando beneficios tangibles. Por lo tanto, es importante evaluar si la implementación de esas innovaciones mejora sustancialmente la efectividad de las operaciones comerciales. Para tal efecto, 250 cuestionarios válidos fueron recolectados en empresas pertenecientes a diferentes sectores industriales en el área del Valle del Cauca en Colombia, y analizados utilizando modelación por ecuaciones estructurales. Los hallazgos iniciales sugieren que las estrategias tienen un impacto indirecto en la efectividad operativa a través del éxito del proceso de aprendizaje organizacional. Sin embargo, las organizaciones investigadas carecen de la aplicación adecuada de vínculos, redes y procesos de innovación para lograr la efectividad operativa y, por lo tanto, la competitividad. Es importante resaltar la poca importancia que las empresas en la región dan a los vínculos y redes, que son la base de las alianzas estratégicas, y a la innovación en procesos, factores que son esenciales para la competitividad y desarrollo de los clústeres y regiones inteligentes. CONTENIDO: Prólogo. Antecedentes y contexto. Colombia, país de oportunidades, Fernando Antonio Rodríguez Gutiérrez – Introducción, Thomas Tegethoff, Ricardo Santa y Diego Morante -- El impacto de la innovación estratégica en la efectividad operacional: experiencias en el Valle del Cauca, Thomas Tegethoff, Ricardo Santa y Diego Morante -- La orientación al mercado y las capacidades de mercadeo: factores claves de éxito para incrementar la competitividad y desempeño de las pymes vallecaucanas, Martha Lucia Cruz Rincón y Martha Lucia Agredo -- El impacto del capital humano y los impulsores claves de la cadena de suministro en el desempeño de las empresas en el Valle del Cauca, Ricardo Santa, Alejandro Acosta Naranjo y Mario Ferrer -- La estrategia organizacional, el recurso humano, la tercerización y la efectividad operativa del sector salud en el Valle del Cauca, Juan Carlos Amézquita Salazar y Ricardo Santa -- Análisis de la cultura de la seguridad y la capacidad de aprendizaje en el sector salud del Valle del Cauca, Ricardo Santa, Diego Morante, Elisa María Pinzón y Erick Calvo Grillo – Los clústeres y la competitividad del sector hotelero en Colombia, Orietha Eva Rodríguez Victoria y Ricardo Santa -- El gobierno en línea y el impacto en la efectividad operativa de las empresas que lo usan, Thomas Tegethoff, Ricardo Santa, TC. Fabián Andrés Salazar Ospina y Diego Morante

La tesis titulada “Promoción de ventas y los ingresos en la empresa de transportes GH Bus, oficina Juanjuí, 2018” tuvo como objetivo, determinar la relación entre la promoción de ventas y los ingresos en la empresa de transportes GH Bus, oficina Juanjuí, 2018. La investigación es no experimental, de corte transversal y descriptiva; el diseño es de tipo descriptivo correlacional, la muestra estuvo conformada por las 365 liquidaciones diarias en ventas. Se utilizó como instrumento la Guía documentaria. Los principales resultados mostraron que el nivel de promoción de las ventas en la empresa de transportes GH Bus, oficina Juanjuí, 2018, fue determinado como el 36% muy buena, el 21% buena, 13% regular, 9% baja y 3% muy baja. las ventas en el mes de enero ascienden a S/ 63,542.00 como muy buenas, en febrero a S/39,311.00 como buena, en mayo a S/28,680.00 como regular, en octubre S/ 15,723.00 como baja y en noviembre S/10,715.00 como muy baja. La principal conclusión fue, existe relación entre la promoción de ventas y los ingresos en la empresa de transportes GH Bus, oficina Juanjuí, 2018. Las variables están relacionadas según el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, dado de que ρ (0.387) > 0 se acepta la hipótesis de investigación y se rechaza la hipótesis nula. Asimismo, el coeficiente (r) de Pearson tuvo un valor de 0.275 que es una relación positiva media, sin embargo, el p – valor fue de 0.387 > 0.05 que indica que no es significativo. Tarapoto Escuela de Posgrado Gerencias funcionales

Fuente TESIUNAM

Resumen Introducción: A partir de la teoría de los sistemas dinámicos y de la teoría de la probabilidad se han desarrollado metodologías altamente sensibles de aplicación clínica que permiten diferenciar normalidad, enfermedad y evolución hacia la enfermedad cardiaca. Métodos: Se seleccionaron los registros Holter de siete casos normales y 73 con diagnóstico de arritmia con y sin tratamiento terapéutico de metoprolol. Se aplicaron medidas de probabilidad establecidas previamente para evaluar la frecuencia cardiaca máxima, mínima y promedio, así como el número de latidos por hora. Resultados: Casi la mitad de los casos con arritmias y sin tratamiento presentaron medidas matemáticas de enfermedad y de evolución hacia la enfermedad, mientras que en el grupo con tratamiento con metoprolol, tres cuartas partes cumplieron con estas características. Conclusiones: Se lograron distinciones matemáticas más objetivas entre dinámicas cardiacas tratadas con y sin metoprolol, las cuales pueden ser de gran utilidad para realizar seguimiento individual. Abstract Introduction: Based on the theory of dynamic systems and probability theory, highly sensitive clinical methodologies have been developed to differentiate normality, disease and evolution towards cardiac disease. Methods: Holter recordings, 7 normal and 73 with arrhythmia diagnosis with and without therapeutic treatment of Metoprolol, were selected. Probability measures, established in a previous work, were applied for assessing maximum, minimal and average heart rate and beats per hour. Results: It was found that almost a half of the cases with arrhythmias without beta-blocker therapy exhibited mathematical measures of illness and evolution towards disease, whereas in the treatment group with Metoprolol, three quarters accomplished these features. Conclusions: More objective mathematical distinctions were achieved between cardiac dynamics treated with and without metoprolol, which is very useful for individual follow-up.