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Resumo Objetivo Verificar o grau de empatia de estudantes de enfermagem de um curso de universidade pública de um estado da região Sudeste do Brasil e avaliar seu perfil em relação aos domínios: Tomada de Perspectiva, Flexibilidade Interpessoal, Altruísmo e Sensibilidade Afetiva. Métodos Estudo exploratório, desenvolvido com estudantes de graduação em enfermagem, utilizando-se o Inventário de Empatia (IE), instrumento composto de 40 questões empregadas para avaliar quatro dimensões da empatia. Resultados Do total de 193 participantes, 88,6 era do sexo feminino, sendo 78,7% menores de 25 anos de idade e média de idade de 23,4 anos (DP = ±4,8). Quanto ao período do curso 89 (46,1%) estavam entre o primeiro e quarto, 74 (38,4%) entre o quinto e oitavo, e 30 (15,5%) eram do nono e décimo semestre. Verificou-se que os graduandos possuem habilidade de empatia. Conclusão Os graduandos de enfermagem apresentaram escores acima da média em todas as dimensões avaliadas pelo IE, demonstrando que possuem um alto índice de empatia. Resumen Objetivo Verificar el nivel de empatía de estudiantes de enfermería de una carrera de universidad pública en un estado de la región Sudeste de Brasil y evaluar su perfil con relación a los dominios: Toma de perspectiva, Flexibilidad interpersonal, Altruismo y Sensibilidad afectiva. Métodos Estudio exploratorio, realizado con estudiantes universitarios de enfermería, utilizando el Inventario de Empatía (IE), instrumento compuesto por 40 preguntas para evaluar cuatro dimensiones de la empatía. Resultados Del total de 193 participantes, 88,6 eran de sexo femenino, el 78,7 % menores de 25 años y un promedio de edad de 23,4 años (DP = ±4,8). Con relación al período de la carrera, 89 estudiantes (46,1 %) estaban entre el primer y cuarto semestre, 74 (38,4 %) entre el quinto y el octavo y 30 (15,5 %) cursaban el noveno y décimo semestre. Se verificó que los estudiantes tienen habilidades de empatía. Conclusión Los estudiantes universitarios de enfermería presentaron puntuaciones superiores al promedio en todas las dimensiones evaluadas por el IE, lo que demuestra que poseen un alto índice de empatía. Abstract Objective To verify the degree of empathy of students attending the nursing program of a public university located in southeastern Brazil and assess their profile regarding the domains: Perspective Taking, Interpersonal Flexibility, Altruism, and Affective Sensibility. Methods Exploratory study conducted among undergraduate nursing students, using the Empathy Inventory (EI), a 40-item instrument designed to assess four dimensions of empathy. Results Of the total of 193 participants, 88.6% were women, 78.7% were under 25 years of age, with a mean of 23.4 years old (SD=±4.8). Regarding the semester, 89 (46.%) were attending between the first and fourth semesters, 74 (38.4%) between the fifth and eighth semesters, and 30 (15.5%) were attending the ninth or tenth semester. The undergraduate students presented empathy skills. Conclusion The nursing undergraduate students scored above the mean in all the dimensions assessed by the EI, showing a high level of empathy.

We provide a comprehensive analysis of the spatial-temporal changes in the atmospheric-driven major wave climates (easterlies, southerlies, and westerlies) under two different Representative Concentration Pathways, the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios for the end-of-the-century (2075–2099). By comparing the projected scenarios with historical conditions, we found that the easterly wave climates will be more frequents in the southwest basins (up to 15%) and the southerlies in the eastern basins (up to 20%). While the westerlies are projected to reduce their presence in the mid-latitudes and intensify for the high latitudes associated with the poleward extratropical circulation. As a result, coastal risk will be triggered in transitional wave climate regions, in addition to the risk induced by sea-level rise and storm wave generated, by spatial and frequency changes in the prevailing wave climates that will reach regions where up to now they have not, impacting future coastal environments.

Background: The implementation of Telecardiology in primary care in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, is a viable and promising strategy. It would decrease the distance between patient and specialized professional services by reducing unnecessary referrals and improving the quality of primary care and satisfaction of patients and health professionals. Objective: To implement a Telecardiology service and assess user satisfaction using the CARDIOSATIS scale. Methods: This was a pilot study developed by a partnership between the Institute of Cardiology and the Telehealth Center of Rio Grande do Sul. The study was carried out at Eri Flores-Vila Vargas health center in the city of Porto Alegre, from May to October 2019, and included 21 patients attending the health center. The descriptive analysis of data was performed using the SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Sciences) version 23. Data normality was checked using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Statistical significance was set at 10%. Results: Mean age of participants was 43.8 ± 16.1 years. The most common risk factors in the sample were physical inactivity (81%) and smoking (43%). Most patients had normal electrocardiogram (ECG) readings. The time elapsed from the performance of the ECG test, transmission of the ECG traces to Telehealth, and return of the final ECG report to the health center was 0-7 days. The CARDIOSATIS scale revealed a high prevalence of “very satisfied” users for the general satisfaction domain, and only 14.3% of patients were dissatisfied with their health. Conclusions: Telecardiology reduced the distance between patient and the specialized professional, with a high level of patient and health professional satisfaction. Our study can serve as a basis for the implementation of a telecardiology network in the city of Porto Alegre in the future.

The recent periodic influx of massive quantities of pelagic Sargassum spp. (sargasso) into the Caribbean has posed ecological, social, and economic challenges to the region. Sustainable use of the biomass is crucial to mitigate negative impacts of beached algae. The current uses of sargasso in Mexico are reviewed, and a biorefinery approach is proposed to optimize its commercialization. The commercialization potential of sargasso in the Mexican Caribbean is analyzed using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. The unpredictability of the influx to the Mexican shores is considerable, both in time and space, also, some areas receive consistently more sargasso than others. The lack of available technology, local infrastructure and regulations concerning sargasso are relevant, as is the urgent need to establish proper regulatory measures. In the context of the Mexican legal system, the category “special waste” can best be applied to sargasso that is collected from the beach or nearshore waters for the purpose of regulation. Lessons learnt from in Mexico may be applied elsewhere, with adaptations for each specific location. More importantly, mutual understanding of the constraints and possibilities of sargasso management in other countries, or territories, may facilitate the coordinated management of this transboundary macroalgae bloom.

Wave-induced inundation in coastal zones is a serious problem for residents. Accurate prediction of wave run-up height is a complex phenomenon in coastal engineering. In this study, several machine learning (ML) models are developed to simulate wave run-up height. The developed methods are based on optimization techniques employing the group method of data handling (GMDH). The invasive weed optimization (IWO), firefly algorithm (FA), teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO), harmony search (HS), and differential evolution (DE) meta-heuristic optimization algorithms are embedded with the GMDH to yield better feasible optimization. Preliminary results indicate that the developed ML models are robust tools for modeling the wave run-up height. All ML models’ accuracies are higher than empirical relations. The obtained results show that employing heuristic methods enhances the accuracy of the standard GMDH model. As such, the FA, IWO, DE, TLBO, and HS improve the RMSE criterion of the standard GMDH by the rate of 47.5%, 44.7%, 24.1%, 41.1%, and 34.3%, respectively. The GMDH-FA and GMDH-IWO are recommended for applications in coastal engineering.

Intestinal parasites are among the most prevalent infections in humans. A cross-sectional survey was performed in a Canutama, Amazonas state, Brazil, in order to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites. The detection of parasites in the feces was performed using the Lutz method. Demographic data and the characteristics of the households were collected using a questionnaire. The prevalence of parasites was 36.9%. Ascaris lumbricoides (7.14%) was the most prevalent. The absence of a sewage network, consumption of raw vegetables and raw meat are risk factors for contracting intestinal parasitosis. We reported a prevalence of intestinal parasites and determined some of the risk factors. Los parásitos intestinales se encuentran entre las infecciones más prevalentes en los seres humanos. Se realizó una encuesta transversal en Canutama, Estado de Amazonas, Brasil, con el fin de estimar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales. La detección de parásitos en las heces se realizó mediante el método de Lutz. Los datos demográficos y las características de los hogares se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario. La prevalencia de parásitos fue del 36,9%. Ascaris lumbricoides (7,14%) fue el más prevalente. La ausencia de red de alcantarillado, el consumo de verduras crudas y carne cruda son factores de riesgo para contraer parasitosis intestinal. Informamos una prevalencia de parásitos intestinales y determinamos algunos de los factores de riesgo. Parasitas intestinais estão entre as infecções mais prevalentes em humanos. Um estudo transversal foi realizado em Canutama, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, para estimar a prevalência de parasitoses intestinais. A detecção de parasitas nas fezes foi realizada pelo método de Lutz. Os dados demográficos e as características dos domicílios foram coletados por meio de um questionário. A prevalência de parasitas foi de 36,9%. Ascaris lumbricoides (7,14%) foi o mais prevalente. A ausência de rede de esgoto, o consumo de vegetais crus e carne crua são fatores de risco para a contração de parasitoses intestinais. Nós relatamos uma prevalência de parasitas intestinais e determinamos alguns dos fatores de risco.

Objectives: to unveil the meanings that nurses attribute Information and Communication Technologies for the nursing work process Methods: qualitative research, theoretically and methodologically based on the Complexity Theory and on the Grounded Theory, respectively. Research with 19 participants, being 12 clinical nurses, and 7 resident nurses. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Results: the results revealed the meanings that clinical nurses attribute to Information and Communication Technologies and, thus, the motivations and limitations for the use of these technologies, pointing out possibilities and strategies that impact the nursing work process, based on the interactions promoted by the official and non-official use of these resources. Final Considerations: the meanings that nurses attribute to Information and Communication Technologies are dependent on their ability to successfully employ those technologies and their importance to the work process developed by the professionals.

The chamber configuration of an asymmetric, fixed-detached Oscillating Water Column (OWC) device was investigated theoretically to analyze its effects on hydrodynamic performance. Two-dimensional linear wave theory was used, and the solutions for the associated radiation and scattering boundary value problems (BVPs) were derived through the matched eigenfunction expansion method (EEM) and the boundary element method (BEM). The results for the hydrodynamic efficiency and other important hydrodynamic properties were computed and analyzed for various cases. Parameters, such as the length of the chamber and the thickness and submergence of the rear and front walls, were varied. The effects on device performance of adding a step under the OWC chamber and reflecting wall in the downstream region were also investigated. A good agreement between the analytical and numerical results was found. Thinner walls and low submergence of the chamber were seen to increase the efficiency bandwidth. The inclusion of a step slightly reduced the frequency at which resonance occurs, and when a downstream reflecting wall is included, the hydrodynamic efficiency is noticeably reduced at low frequencies due to the near trapped waves in the gap between the OWC device and the rigid vertical wall. The current investigation was developed under the framework of the Basque Government (IT1314-19 research group). The authors additionally thank the funding provided by CEMIE-Océano (Mexican Centre for Innovation in Ocean Energy). Project FSE-2014-06-249795 financed by CONACYT-SENER Sustentabilidad Energética.

Objetivo: apresentar a experiência exitosa da Campanha Nursing Now Brasil a partir da convergência de suas metas para o fortalecimento da enfermagem brasileira. Método: relato de experiência sobre o desenvolvimento da Campanha Nursing Now Brasil, que teve como cenário todo o contexto brasileiro a partir das ações realizadas em estados da federação e instituições de ensino, de assistência à saúde e de gestão, no período de abril de 2019 a maio de 2021. Nesse sentido, foram apresentadas as ações realizadas para impulsionar o alcance das metas da campanha. Resultados: as ações desenvolvidas variaram em conferências, palestras, audiências públicas, podcasts, lives, produções científicas, fóruns, incentivo ao cadastro e publicização de iniciativas exitosas que permitiram conexões entre profissionais de enfermagem de diferentes contextos do país. Conclusões: a Campanha Nursing Now Brasil impulsionou a convergência de ideias e ações, entre diferentes atores sociais e lideranças da enfermagem de contextos variados para potencializar o alcance de metas relacionadas ao processo de formação, liderança, condições dignas de trabalho e valorização. Depreende-se desse processo a importância da articulação política da profissão e das conexões entre as múltiplas forças de uma enfermagem ampla, plural, heterogênea e transformadora.

Coral reefs are increasingly recognized for their shoreline protection services. The hydrodynamic performance of this ecosystem is comparable to artificial low-crested structures often used in coastal protection, whose objective is to emulate the former. Coral reefs also provide other important environmental services (e.g., food production, habitat provision, maintenance of biodiversity and social and cultural services) and leave almost no ecological footprint when conservation and restoration actions are conducted to maintain their coastal protection service. However, studies have focused on their flood protection service, but few have evaluated the morphological effects of coral reefs through their ability to avoid or mitigate coastal erosion. In this paper, we investigate the relation between shoreline change, reefs’ geometry and hydrodynamic parameters to elucidate the physics related to how the Mesoamerican Reef in Mexico protects sandy coastlines from erosion. Using numerical wave propagation and historical shoreline change calculated from satellite imagery, a direct correlation was found between shoreline movement, the depths and widths of reef flats, changes in the wave energy flux, and the radiation stresses of breaking waves. The findings indicate that the most remarkable efficacy in preventing beach erosion is due to reefs with shallow crests, wide reef flats, a dissipative lagoon seabed, located at ∼300 m from the coastline. The results provide essential insights for reef restoration projects focused on erosion mitigation and designing artificial reefs in microtidal sandy beaches. Results are limited to wave-dominated coasts.

O ano de 2020 entra para a História da Enfermagem indo muito além das Comemorações do bicentenário de Florence Nightingale. A pandemia da COVID-19 gerou uma crise sanitária internacional de grandes proporções e evidenciou que os profissionais da Enfermagem exercem expressivo impacto social e econômico na vida das pessoas e no desenvolvimento das nações, pois representam a maior força de trabalho nos sistemas de saúde de todo o planeta, com aproximadamente 27,9 milhões de profissionais, inserida nos mais diversificados contextos de cuidados.

Objetivo: compreender os significados que discentes de enfermagem atribuem ao ensino do lúdico para o cuidado à criança hospitalizada. Método: estudo qualitativo realizado com 17 discentes de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados virtualmente entre outubro de 2020 e março de 2021, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, sendo submetidos à análise de conteúdo do tipo temática e interpretados a partir do Interacionismo Simbólico. Resultados: da análise emergiram os seguintes temas: significados atribuídos ao ensino do lúdico para o cuidado à criança hospitalizada; e aspectos simbólicos relacionados à hospitalização infantil. O lúdico foi pouco abordado no ensino de enfermagem e sua utilização é imperiosa, pois a hospitalização se revela um processo estressante para a criança. Considerações finais: o ensino do lúdico foi deficitário, havendo a urgência de incentivo a essa abordagem no ensino superior. Os discentes entrevistados reconheceram a importância do tema e ressaltaram o lúdico como possibilidade de interação com a criança.ABSTRACTObjective: to understand the meanings that nursing students attribute to the teaching of play for the care of hospitalized children. Method: in this qualitative study carried out with 17 nursing students, data were collected virtually between October 2020 and March 2021, through a semi-structured interview, and then subjected to thematic content analysis and interpreted on the basis of Symbolic Interactionism. Results: the following themes emerged from the analysis: meanings attributed to the teaching of playfulness in care for hospitalized children; and symbolic aspects of child hospitalization. Play was rarely addressed in nursing education, although its use is imperative, because hospitalization is a stressful process for the child. Final remarks: the teaching of play was deficient, and there is an urgent need to encourage teaching of this approach in higher education. The students interviewed recognized the importance of the subject and highlighted play as a possible manner of interacting with children.RESUMENObjetivo: comprender los significados que estudiantes de enfermería atribuyen a la enseñanza del abordaje lúdico para el cuidado de niños hospitalizados. Método: estudio cualitativo realizado junto a 17 estudiantes de enfermería. Se recolectaron los datos virtualmente entre octubre de 2020 y marzo de 2021, a través de entrevista semiestructurada, y fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido temático e interpretados desde el Interaccionismo Simbólico. Resultados: del análisis surgieron los siguientes temas: significados atribuidos a la enseñanza del abordaje lúdico para el cuidado del niño hospitalizado y aspectos simbólicos relacionados con la hospitalización infantil. El abordaje lúdico fue raramente utilizado en la enseñanza de enfermería y su uso es imperativo, ya que la hospitalización es un proceso estresante para el niño. Consideraciones finales: la enseñanza del abordaje lúdico fue deficiente y existe una urgente necesidad de fomentar este enfoque en la educación superior. Los estudiantes entrevistados reconocieron la importancia del tema y destacaron el abordaje lúdico como posibilidad de interacción con el niño.

The main goal of this study is to evaluate the influence of soybean oil packaging attributes on consumer preferences in Brazilian Midwest region using Multivariate Data Analysis. Four packaging attributes were evaluated: the presence of additional information on label of packaging, brand (popular and non-popular), type of soybean (genetically modified and non-genetically modified) and shape of the packaging (conventional and innovative). Eight images were evaluated by 400 consumers in Midwest region of Brazil. We used the Conjoint Analysis to analyze and measure the impact of each product attribute in consumer preference. The results show that, in general, the consumers were influenced positively by the presence of additional information, innovative package, popular brand and non-transgenic soybeans. Some groups of individuals could not distinguish or did not care about genetically modified soy. Further studies are recommended to evaluate if consumers have difficulties to interpret the symbols on the packaging label (transgenic or organic, for example), as well as it is necessary to extend this survey to other Brazilian states. The food industry will be able to develop packaging and marketing strategies using consumer profiles. The study is useful for the definition, modification and adaptation of soybean oil products. El objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar la influencia de los atributos de los envases de aceite de soja en las preferencias de los consumidores en la región del Medio Oeste de Brasil, utilizando el Análisis de Datos Multivariados. Se evaluaron cuatro atributos del envase: presencia de información adicional en la etiqueta, marca (popular y no popular), tipo de soja (modificada genéticamente y no modificada genéticamente) y formato (convencional e innovador). Ocho imágenes fueron evaluadas por 400 consumidores en la región del Medio Oeste de Brasil. Se utilizó el análisis conjunto para analizar y medir el impacto de cada atributo del producto en la preferencia del consumidor. Los resultados muestran que, en general, los consumidores se vieron influenciados positivamente por la presencia de información adicional, envases innovadores, marca popular y soja no transgénica. Algunos grupos de individuos no pudieron distinguir o no importar soja genéticamente modificada. Se recomiendan estudios adicionales para evaluar si los consumidores tienen dificultades para interpretar los símbolos en la etiqueta de los envases (productos transgénicos u orgánicos, por ejemplo), y es necesario extender esta investigación a otros estados brasileños. La industria alimentaria podrá desarrollar estrategias de marketing utilizando perfiles de consumidores. El estudio es útil para definir, modificar y adaptar los derivados de la soja. O principal objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a influência dos atributos das embalagens de óleo de soja nas preferências do consumidor na região Centro-Oeste brasileira, utilizando a Análise Multivariada de Dados. Foram avaliados quatro atributos da embalagem: presença de informações adicionais no rótulo da embalagem, marca (popular e impopular), tipo de soja (geneticamente modificada e não geneticamente modificada) e formato da embalagem (convencional e inovadora). Oito imagens foram avaliadas por 400 consumidores na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Foi utilizada Análise Conjunta para analisar e medir o impacto de cada atributo do produto na preferência do consumidor. Os resultados mostram que, em geral, os consumidores foram influenciados positivamente pela presença de informações adicionais, embalagem inovadora, marca popular e soja não transgênica. Alguns grupos de indivíduos não conseguiram distinguir ou não importar com soja geneticamente modificada. Estudos adicionais são recomendados para avaliar se os consumidores têm dificuldades para interpretar os símbolos no rótulo da embalagem (produtos transgênicos ou orgânicos, por exemplo), bem como é necessário estender essa pesquisa para outros estados brasileiros. A indústria de alimentos poderá desenvolver estratégias de marketing usando perfis de consumidores. O estudo é útil para a definição, modificação e adaptação de derivados de soja.

The oceans represent almost 70% of the surface of our planet, and they are in constant movement through waves, tides, and currents. These movements are formed differently: waves develop because of the action of the wind; tides because of the moon and the sun, and currents because of differences in water temperature and the rotation of the planet. Ocean movements bring food and oxygen to the plants and animals that live in the oceans and on the coasts. Waves and tides also help shape the coastline by erosion and accumulation of sand. Ocean movement is also important for humans: we have fun swimming in the waves, the tides help with fishing, and the currents are useful for moving ships across the ocean. This unending movement of the ocean can also be used to produce clean, renewable electric power.

The impact of storms on coastal dunes and beaches and the effects they induce in topography and plant communities are natural processes that contribute to maintaining natural coastal dynamics. However, because coasts are often densely populated, these phenomena are perceived as major threats to human property. To protect human assets sustainably, nature-based defenses have emerged as an option. Coastal dunes act as natural buffers that mitigate the extent of erosion and inland flooding, and their resistance depends on the biogeomorphological feedback between the plants and the dunes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of one winter storm on beach and dune topography and the plant communities, and to explore the effect of plants in mitigating erosion on beaches with different geomorphological features. The effects on plant communities were evaluated by comparing diversity and plant cover before and after the storm. Later, the role of plants in conferring dune resistance against erosion was examined by measuring erosion on the exposed face of the dunes considering plant cover and plant richness. The results did not show significant differences in plant diversity and plant cover between pre-and post-storm conditions, but turnover of species was recorded. The dune building species were not affected but inland species disappeared. Erosion was reduced when the dunes were higher and, furthermore, plant cover was negatively correlated with erosion on these dunes. The results showed a reduced impact of the storm on the plant communities, which is important as it facilitates the recovery of dunes by the dune-building species and protects them in a subsequent storm. The novelty of this study is that: (a) it demonstrates the species-specific role of plants in mitigating dune erosion in field conditions; (b) it shows the interaction between plant-related features and geomorphological variables in promoting dune resistance to erosion, and (c) it explores the immediate effect of a winter storm on the plant community and dune-building species.

This paper presents a techno-economic assessment of hydrokinetic energy of Cozumel Island, where ocean currents have been detected, but tourist activities are paramount. The main objective of this research is to identify devices that have been used to harvest hydrokinetic power elsewhere and perform an economic analysis as to their implementation in the Mexican Caribbean. First, the energy potential of the area was evaluated using simulated data available through the HYCOM consortium. Then, for four pre-commercial and commercial turbines, technical and economic analyses of their deployments were performed. Socio-environmental constraints were reviewed and discussed. Three optimal sites were identified, with an average annual hydrokinetic energy density of 3–6 MWh/m2-year. These sites meet the socio-environmental requirements for marine kinetic energy harvesting. Of the turbines considered in the analysis, the best energy price/cost ratio is that of SeaGen device, with a maximum theoretical energy extraction of 1319 MWh/year with a Capacity Factor of 12.5% and a Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) of 1148 USD/MWh. Using this device, but assuming a site-specific design that achieves at least 25% of Capacity Factor, 20-year useful life, and a discount rate of 0.125, the LCOE would be 685.6 USD/MWh. The approach presented here can be applied for techno-economic analyses of marine turbines in other regions.

The aim was to identify the beliefs about teaching practices oriented to constructivism by Elementary Physical Education teachers of the Florianópolis Metropolitan Nucleus, in Santa Catarina, Brazil. In this quantitative and descriptive study, 129 Physical Education teachers from Elementary School answered a questionnaire to characterize the participants, and a translated and adapted version of the Constructivist Teaching Practices Inventory in Elementary Physical Education - CTPI-EPE. Descriptive statistic and binary logistic regression analysis were used, with the aid of the open source software “R”, version 3.6.1. The results revealed that regardless of personal, academic and professional characteristics, Physical Education teachers investigated perceive their teaching often oriented towards constructivism. It stands out, teachers with a temporary job often have beliefs related to teaching practices oriented towards general constructivism; teachers who did not participate in courses on sports education have beliefs oriented to the development of social cooperation; and professors with a temporary relationship and with a lato sensu graduate program had a greater chance of promoting students' personal relevance in their classes. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar as crenças sobre as práticas de ensino orientadas ao construtivismo dos professores de Educação Física do Ensino Fundamental, do Núcleo Metropolitano de Florianópolis, em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Neste estudo quantitativo e descritivo, 129 professores de Educação Física do Ensino Fundamental responderam a um questionário de caracterização dos participantes, e uma versão traduzida e adaptada do Constructivist Teaching Practices Inventory in Elementary Physical Education – CTPI-EPE. Empregaram-se recursos da estatística descritiva e a análise de regressão logística binária, com o auxílio do software de código aberto “R”, versão 3.6.1. Os resultados revelaram que, independente das características pessoais, acadêmicas e profissionais, os professores de Educação Física investigados percebem o ensino frequentemente orientado ao construtivismo. Ressalta-se que os professores com vínculo empregatício temporário apresentam crenças relacionadas às práticas de ensino voltadas ao construtivismo geral; os que não participaram de cursos sobre o ensino dos esportes, crenças quanto ao desenvolvimento da cooperação social; e os com vínculo temporário e pós-graduação lato sensu apresentaram maiores chances de promover a relevância pessoal dos estudantes em aula.

At present, many coastal ecosystems worldwide are highly affected by anthropic activities. La Mancha lagoon, in the state of Veracruz, Mexico, is an important ecosystem due to the wide array of ecosystem services that it provides. In this paper, an analysis of the environmental balances of the lagoon is outlined, using the Drivers, Exchanges, State of the Environment, Consequences and Responses (DESCR) tool. The methodological framework considers the interrelationships between the natural systems and the forces of change that alter the performance of the natural environment, in order to provide an overview of actions that may reduce negative consequences. The study area has been impacted by anthropic development, such as changes in land use for agricultural and livestock activities, loss of mangroves due to logging and modifications, carried out by local fishermen, to the natural hydrodynamics of the lagoon that alter the salinity and affect the ecosystem dynamics. Following analysis of the area, using the DESCR tool, the responses proposed include long-term environmental impact evaluation, with the aim of preserving the local coastal ecosystems.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir os impactos que o advento do Estatuto do Torcedor trouxe para o futebol brasileiro, especialmente para a estabilidade jurídica das competições organizadas pela Confederação Brasileira de Futebol (CBF). Antes da edição do estatuto era comum que as regras das competições fossem alteradas no curso de sua realização, causando grande instabilidade jurídica para os players e para a própria CBF. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho revisitará alguns casos relevantes ocorridos nas duas últimas décadas em competições nacionais e os analisará à luz dos seus impactos jurídicos antes da edição do estatuto e após a publicação desse documento. Usam-se os métodos da revisão de literatura e da análise documental para dar sustentação a pesquisa. A principal conclusão é que o estatuto trouxe estabilidade jurídica para as competições, harmonizando-se, assim, com a concepção que protege os interesses do torcedor, considerado como consumidor do produto futebol.

This paper presents a multivariate classification of the global wave climate into types driven by atmospheric circulation patterns. The primary source of the net long-term variability is evaluated based on historical wave simulations. Results show that the monsoon, extratropical, subtropical, and polar wave climate types of the Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans are dominated by natural variability, whereas the extratropical and subtropical wave climate types in the Indian Ocean, and the tropical wave climate types of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibit a global warming signal. In the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, strong natural variability may mask a global warming signal that is yet to emerge as being statistically significant. In addition, wave climate teleconnections were found across the world that can provide a framework for joint strategies to achieve the goals of climate adaption for resilient coastal communities and environments., 地球全体の波浪特性の変化傾向と自然変動の関係を解明 --地球温暖化の沿岸域への影響を定量化--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-06-15.

Objective: to revisit the history of cooperation of two Portuguese Speaking countries, which resulted in the graduation of the first Nurses in Angola; to characterize the Angolan students who participated in the cooperation agreement; to identify their perspectives regarding their feelings at the end of the undergraduate program, the influences of the education received, their motivation to continue studying and their work satisfaction. Methods: Exploratory study conducted with Angolan students who graduated at a public Nursing School in Brazil. Data were collected through a questionnaire developed by the researchers, and culturally validated by two Angolan nurses experts. Results: efforts, challenges and achievements of heroes from both sides of the Atlantic are recognized and reflected in the social reality of the African country. Conclusion: Cooperation agreements are recommended as a path for the sustainability of the health policies at a global perspective. DESCRIPTORS: Nursing; Global health; International cooperation; Collaboration; Human resources.

Research about the variability of sand size inside the hopper of a trailing suction dredger has yet to be done, despite its importance for beach nourishment projects. In this study, several samples were taken using different methodologies during dredging for a particular case of beach nourishment on board one dredger. Sampling was carried out with a tube core and a Van Veen grab at the surface when the hopper was full of sand. The results showed problems with the Van Veen grab, the standard methodology used for sampling aboard a dredger. This method should be reconsidered in the future because surface samples were not representative of the whole hopper due to the bias of higher percentage of shell pieces. According to the results, the core tubes introduced by percussion were the only useful method in determining average sand parameters closer to the values obtained for the borrow site. Moreover, cores also showed a linear correlation between sand size and depth: D50 increased 20% from the surface to 1 m depth; this is a sixth of the hopper depth of this study case. Regrettably, the manual percussion procedure could not reach depths greater than 1 m.

O uso recorrente da metodologia do historiador inglês Quentin Skinner em trabalhos de teoria política no Brasil aparenta ser consensual e, portanto, isento de críticas, a despeito de sua relativa inadequação aos pressupostos metodológicos da Ciência Política do tempo presente. O artigo objetiva contrapor o método de Quentin Skinner para a análise da história das ideias políticas com o método de lógica situacional sugerido por Karl Popper, tendo como escopo escrutinar a utilidade de cada método para a Ciência Política, notadamente no campo da teoria política. Enquanto o método empregado por Skinner propõe o exame do contexto linguístico dos autores para tentar determinar os significados que atribuíam às suas próprias ideias e à sociedade do seu tempo, Popper sugere a adoção de um método diverso para o qual importa a análise objetiva da ação do ator no contexto social analisado sem desconsiderar seus efeitos ou consequências para as instituições. O argumento conclusivo é que o método proposto por Popper apresenta elementos constitutivos mais consentâneos com a pretensão da Ciência Política contemporânea de alcançar o status de ciência axiologicamente neutra cujos trabalhos são orientados empiricamente para a resolução pragmática de problemas, mesmo quando trata de teoria política ou de história das ideias políticas, bem como enfatiza o papel das instituições e suas “quase-ações” em cada contexto analisado.

“Coastal squeeze” occurs when there is a chronic loss of coastal habitats landward associated with long-term processes such as sea level rise, land subsidence, sediment deficit and the occupation of space by infrastructure. This phenomenon may also affect socioeconomic activities such as tourism. The goal of this study was to explore the co-occurrence of tourism with coastal squeeze and flooding along the coasts of the Mexican Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean. Our results reveal that thirty percent of the tourist destinations are exposed to flooding; 62% of the total study area had a moderate to severe degree of coastal squeeze and 66% of the hotels are in squeezed beaches. Finally, we found that most tourist destinations undergoing coastal squeeze are in flood-prone sites, placing communities in high-risk conditions. Different alternatives (such as ecosystem-based protection) to overcome this problem are discussed.

O emprego de revisão sistemática na academia tem apresentado crescimento considerável. Frequentemente, esta tem sido usada como uma forma de filtragem por meio de palavras-chave. Contudo, é levantada, nesse processo, uma grande quantidade de dados, a partir da qual se acredita que possam ser identificadas relações mais aprofundadas, empregando técnicas de mineração de dados ou textos. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e verificar relações entre tópicos de pesquisa, considerando como uma prova de conceito os artigos do periódico Design Studies, por meio da aplicação de tecnologias de Descoberta de Conhecimentos em Bases de Dados. Em uma abordagem quantitativa de alcance descritivo, apresenta-se, inicialmente, uma caracterização da amostra de 483 artigos desse periódico a partir de estatística descritiva, abarcando as palavras-chave provenientes dos seus metadados. Em seguida, é usada a ferramenta de mineração de texto AlchemyAPI, para extração automática de conceitos e palavras-chave, e a ferramenta RapidMiner Studio, para análise de associação a partir dos metadados e dos resultados da mineração de texto. Constatou-se a recorrência de tópicos como o Processo, a Cognição, a Criatividade e a Educação em Design. Foi possível verificar, por meio da ferramenta AlchemyAPI, conceitos que não foram expressos nas palavras-chave dos artigos, o que pode ser considerado como uma potencialidade para estudos de revisão sistemática. Assim, espera-se que as técnicas aqui abordadas possam ser mais exploradas em pesquisas de diversas áreas, enquanto suporte válido para revisões sistemáticas de publicações científicas.

Ocean energy technologies are still at an early stage of development; only a handful of concepts are being invented and tested worldwide. The environmental impact of these devices is not always taken into account, mainly because of the prevailing uncertainty regarding its assessment. It is vital that attention is paid to the mitigation of potential negative impacts on physical and biotic marine systems. In this study, the direct and indirect effects of ocean energy projects on biophysical systems, and their interactions, are identified from an analysis of current literature on the subject. A tool that could be applied to any ocean energy project at any stage of an EIA is then proposed from a framework designed to evaluate the widely varying impacts of devices. This framework uses a categorisation of the environmental impacts of MRE devices (biophysical, chemical and socio-economic), based on the technology used and the device location. It is hoped that this tool will facilitate the identification of the potential environmental impacts of MRE devices and thus serve as a guide to quantitatively assess these impacts.

The goal of our work was to locate and quantify changes that occurred in 66% of the Mexican coastline, based on four land cover maps generated by the Mexican Mangrove Monitoring System (SMMM) of the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO) for the years 1970/81, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Our results showed overall dominance of erosion over accretion processes, beaches being the most affected coastal land cover. Emphasis was placed on identification and description of coastline sites in which land was either continuously lost (erosion) or gained (accretion) during the studied time periods. These sites were defined as continuous unidirectional dynamic sites and were compared with previous knowledge about the geodynamics of Mexican coasts. Continuous unidirectional dynamic sites were distributed throughout the study area and within all land cover types, but predominantly corresponded to areas covered by mangroves in the states of Campeche and Nayarit. Finally, we found an intensification of coastal erosion-accretion processes over time; coastline change rates having duplicated between the earliest (1970/81–2005) and the two more recent (2005–2010, and 2010–2015) analysed time periods, with erosion rates for each corresponding period of –3 m/yr, –7.5 m/yr, and –7.3 m/yr, and accretion rates of 2.8 m/yr, 7.3 m/yr, and 6.9 m/yr, respectively.

A alface é uma das hortaliças folhosas mais consumidas mundialmente. Essa cultura é exigente em água, além de apresentar sensibilidade à salinidade da água de irrigação. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os componentes de produção da alface em função de níveis de sais na água de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca. Os tratamentos foram cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica (S1=0,12; S2=1,62; S3=3,12; S4= 4,62; S5=6,12 dS m-1). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizado, com oito repetições, totalizando 40 parcelas experimentais. As parcelas foram constituídas por garrafas PET. O volume aplicado diariamente foi equivalente a 20% superior a Capacidade de campo. Quanto maior a quantidade de sais presente na água de irrigação, maior a drenagem e menor o volume aplicado e consequentemente o consumo hídrico da cultura da alface. Todos os componentes de produção apresentaram um comportamento linear decrescente com o aumento dos níveis de sais na água de irrigação.

Reefs are known to provide coastal protection and important ecosystem services for many coastlines around the world. Physical processes such as wave damping, sediment transport and nearshore hydrodynamics are closely related to the coastal protection services provided by reefs. The steep-fronted bathymetries of reefs cause abrupt wave transformations and wave damping alongshore, while reef roughness has an important contribution to coastal protection. Five Latin-American case studies are presented to illustrate the coastal protection offered by reefs and their contribution to wave damping. The methodologies applied (e.g. numerical modelling, field measurements) and reef conditions (e.g. reef degradation scenarios and contribution of reef roughness) are listed. Considerable efforts have been made towards diagnosing, understanding and modelling the hydrodynamic transformations induced by reefs. Based on physical and field surveys, roughness and friction parameters were derived in order to implement calibrated and validated numerical models. Discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of the different models applied in the study cases is provided as well as on the needs of highlighting physical processes and the analysis of reef hydrodynamics for supporting appropriate ecosystem-based management.

The Ecosystem Based Management approach is an opportunity to maximize ecosystem services while promoting ecological resilience and appropriate productive activities. However, implementing this management strategy relies on acknowledging spatial interactions between economic activities and ecosystem services as well as an effective communication between scientists and decision-makers. The lack in understanding those interactions and management decisions based on limited information has led to an unsuccessful transition between artisanal and intensive aquaculture in a Wetland of International Importance (NW Mexican Pacific). In this study, we evaluated the effect of aquaculture as a driver of wetland degradation and water quality and analysed the perceptions of decision makers and scientists concerning the spatial scale of aquaculture impacts on ecosystem services. From 1997–2013, we found that herbaceous wetland and croplands have been lost while grasslands, urban areas, aquaculture and mangroves have increased. Shrimp ponds were built on natural water bodies, herbaceous wetlands and croplands. However, perturbed mangrove patches are found near aquaculture ponds, mostly downstream. Water samples were analysed and differences were found between upstream and downstream sampling sites in the concentration of DO, COD, TS, salinity, SO42-, Cl-1, CaCO3, Na, Cr, Ni and Al. Sediment analysis showed that the amount of coarse sediment such as sand and gravel diminished significantly upstream and does not reach the river mouth. Finally, perceived spatial relationship analyses showed that most academics surveyed recognized that aquaculture could have a far-reaching impact outside the immediate production area. On the other hand, more than half of the decision makers who responded did not perceive any impact and the majority of the rest considered that the impact occurred close to the ponds. The likelihood of integrated coastal management strategies being implemented depends on the close collaboration of scientists and decision makers, on their understanding of complex spatial interactions, on developing appropriate management alternatives and on incorporating science in spatial planning and decision making.

Tropical coastal areas are characterised by high levels of wind and solar resources with large potentials to be utilised for low-energy building design. This paper presents a multi-objective optimisation framework capable of evaluating cost-efficient and low-exergy coastal building designs considering the influence of the thermal breeze. An integrated dynamic simulation tool has been enhanced to consider the impacts of the sea-land breeze effect, aiming at potentiating natural cross-ventilation to improve occupant's thermal comfort and reduce cooling energy demand. Furthermore, the technological database considers a wide range of active and passive energy conservation measures. As a case study, a two-storey/two-flat detached social house located in the North-Pacific coast of Mexico has been investigated. The optimisation problem has considered the minimisation of: i. annual exergy consumption, ii. life cycle cost, and iii. thermal discomfort. Optimisation results have shown that adequate building orientation and window opening control to optimise the effects of the thermal breeze, combined with other passive and active strategies such as solar shading devices, an improved envelope's physical characteristics, and solar assisted air source heat pumps have provided the best performance under a limited budget. Compared to the baseline design, the closest to utopia design has increased thermal comfort by 93.8% and reduced exergy consumption by 10.3% whilst increasing the life cycle cost over the next 50 years by 18.5% (from US$39,864 to US$47,246). The importance of renewable generation incentives is further discussed as a counter effect measure for capital cost increase as well as unlocking currently high-cost low-exergy technologies.

Coastal dunes are often the first and only line of physical defense for communities subjected to damaging storms and waves. Planting vegetation on them has been proposed as one way to increase their protective capacity, but it is unknown how dune plant architecture reduces erosion. We conducted wave flume and field experiments to address this question and found that dune plants primarily reduced erosion by attenuating wave swash and run up bores with their stems and leaves, while their roots initially enhanced erosion through uprooting. After excavation, the roots also attenuated waves and reduced erosion. We then sampled the biophysical attributes of a broad distribution of plants, and found that herbaceous non-Graminoid (non-grass) species that inhabited the lowest latitudes and most seaward zones had the most efficient structures for erosion reduction. Our results suggest that there is a fundamental tradeoff in the ability of dune plant species to respond to hydrodynamic versus Aeolian processes, based on the relative allocation of aboveground versus belowground biomass. Through the combination of flume experiments, field survey, and meta-analysis, our findings show that vegetation provides on average ∼1.6 factor of safety over bare sand across a wide range of latitudes in the northern hemisphere - translating into a reduction of wave run up erosion by approximately 40% for dunes.

Coastal erosion is a natural process, whose intensity and occurrence have increased due to natural and anthropogenic factors. To protect the coasts, the use of hard infrastructure is a widespread practice that can be effective, mostly at a local scale. However, recent evidence also shows that downstream erosion can be accelerated in adjacent zones. Because of this, natural barriers such as coastal dunes and their plant cover have gained attention, but there is a general lack of information about the role that different species (and combinations of species) play in coastal protection. The aim of this study was to explore if the functional richness of plant species helps reduce wave erosion on embryo coastal dunes. In a wave flume, we set up a 1:1 scale artificial dune covered with different combinations of plant species (Ipomoeae pes-caprae, Sesuvium portulacastrum, and Sporobolus virginicus) and exposed it to simulated “storm waves”. We found that erosion was reduced in dunes covered by plants, but such protection was species-specific and the effectiveness of protection varied over time. Ipomoea was the most effective specie for protection. Differences between species and combinations of species were associated with their physical attributes such as growth form and plant architecture. Although we found that there are species that offer little or no protection from hydrodynamic forces, they may still be important for coastal protection through their ability to build embryo dunes through eolian processes. Indeed, nature-based coastal protection is likely to be an effective alternative to engineered solutions at many sites, but the protection provided is species-specific.

Objective: To understand the meanings that nurse researchers and nursing assistants attribute to one another, and to the development of research produced by Nursing. Method: Qualitative research. The Grounded Theory and the Complexity Theory were used as theoretical and methodological frameworks, respectively. Ten nursing assistants and six research nurses participated in the research. The semi-structured interview was used as a data collection technique. The results were categorized by comparative analysis and validated by ten judges. Results: The valuation of nursing care research as well as interactions between research development and nursing care may be related to the way nursing assistants and nurse researchers perceive themselves. These perceptions are multifaceted. Conclusion: The meanings nurse researchers and nursing assistants attribute to each other reveal mechanisms of closeness and distance between these actors, as well as between research and nursing care. RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender los significados que enfermeros investigadores y enfermeros asistenciales atribuyen el uno al otro, y al desarrollo de la investigación producida por la enfermería. Método: Investigación cualitativa. La Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos y el Paradigma de la Complejidad se utilizaron como referenciales teóricos y metodológicos, respectivamente. Participaron de la investigación diez enfermeros asistenciales y seis enfermeros investigadores. La entrevista semiestructurada fue utilizada como técnica de recolección de datos. Los resultados fueron categorizados por análisis comparativos y validados por diez jueces. Resultados: La valoración de la investigación por enfermeros asistenciales, así como interacciones entre el desarrollo de la investigación y asistencia de enfermería puede estar relacionado a la forma como enfermeros asistenciales y enfermeros investigadores se perciben. Estas percepciones se presentan de forma multifacética. Conclusión: Los significados que enfermeros encuestados y enfermeros asistenciales atribuyen uno al otro revelan mecanismos de aproximación y distanciamiento entre esos actores, así como entre la investigación y la asistencia de enfermería. RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender os significados que enfermeiros pesquisadores e enfermeiros assistenciais atribuem um ao outro, e ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa produzida pela Enfermagem. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa. A Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e o Teoria da Complexidade foram utilizados como referenciais teóricos e metodológicos, respectivamente. Participaram da pesquisa dez enfermeiros assistenciais e seis enfermeiros pesquisadores. A entrevista semiestruturada foi utilizada como técnica de coleta de dados. Os resultados foram categorizados por análise comparativa e validados por dez juízes. Resultados: A valorização da pesquisa por enfermeiros assistenciais, bem como interações entre o desenvolvimento da pesquisa e assistência de enfermagem pode estar relacionado à forma como enfermeiros assistenciais e enfermeiros pesquisadores se percebem. Essas percepções se apresentam de forma multifacetada. Conclusão: Os significados que enfermeiros pesquisados e enfermeiros assistenciais atribuem um ao outro revelam mecanismos de aproximação e distanciamento entre esses atores, bem como entre a pesquisa e a assistência de enfermagem.

A simulacao de processos envolvendo propagacao de poluentes em meio aquatico detem elevada relevância, em razao de reduzir significativamente os custos do projeto e construcao de redes de esgoto. As duas principais aplicacoes de sistemas de simulacao em problemas de poluicao aquatica visam ao planejamento de redes de esgotos e simulacao de acidentes no transporte aquatico de cargas toxicas. Ocorre que os metodos usualmente empregados para efetuar tais simulacoes demandam elevado tempo de processamento, inviabilizando ambas as aplicacoes mencionadas. O trabalho proposto apresenta um novo metodo analitico para a resolucao de equacoes advectivo-difusivas, que reduz drasticamente o tempo de processamento requerido para efetuar ambas as aplicacoes. Embora o metodo seja baseado no emprego da Transformada de Fourier, que fornece solucoes exatas apenas para problemas de poluicao aquatica em meio infinito, condicoes de contorno de segunda especie podem ser incluidas na formulacao a fim de que possam ser obtidas distribuicoes de concentracao e substâncias quimicas em corpos hidricos com formato complexo. Resultados analiticos sao apresentados.

This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This author accepted manuscript is made available following 24 month embargo from date of publication (October 2018) in accordance with the publisher’s archiving policy, Sand spits occur around the world with different shapes, dimensions and dynamics. While usually considered non-developable coastal features, development has taken place in several locations around the world, and because spits are often very dynamic, a better understanding of their behaviour and evolution is useful. Understanding their stability and morphological cycles can be used as a measure of the health of nearby beaches. The inter-annual and decadal morphological evolution of the beach spit at Tortugueros, on the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico, a re-entrant bay on the Isla del Carmen barrier system, is examined. Digitized information from satellite images and aerial photographs, covering a 31 year period, was used to compare the shoreline evolution with numerical results. The method used consists of the estimation of the wave breaking conditions and the evaluation of the cross and longshore energy flux. The time-averaged wave energy flux allows the estimation of the evolution of those morphological features. The shoreline changes are very dramatic, with rates of accretion up to 160 m yr-1 and erosion up to 196 m yr-1. The results of the comparative analysis show that Tortugueros beach is a resilient system in dynamic equilibrium, governed by the combination of the short period local marine climate of the area and large-scale weather cycles related to the El Niño and La Niña phenomena. The analysis presented in this paper is valid to describe the functioning and resilience of dynamic beach systems elsewhere, where the wave climate is known, based on the wave energy flux of the breaking waves.

Infrastructure is necessary to protect and provide the goods and services required by humans. As coastal green infrastructure (CGI) aims to respect and work with natural processes, it is a feasible response to mitigate or avoid the consequences of coastal squeeze. The concept of CGI is receiving increased attention of late due to the challenges facing us, such as climate change, population growth and the overexploitation of natural resources on the coast. Terms which may be applied to encourage the construction of infrastructure, or to minimize the responsibility for poorly made decisions, often induce misunderstanding. In this paper, the concept of CGI and its use in solving coastal problems is reordered. Four categories are proposed, according to the degree of naturalness of the project: Nature reclamation, Engineered ecosystems, Ecologically enhanced engineering, and De-engineering/Relocation. Existing coastal risk evaluation frameworks can be used to design many types of CGI. Key concepts, challenges and good practices for the holistic management of coastal squeeze are presented from the analysis of successful and unsuccessful CGI projects worldwide.

Sustainable energy is needed globally, and Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a possible way to diversify the energy matrix. This article suggests a preliminary selection process to find optimal sites for OTEC deployment on the Mexican coastline. The method comprises the (1) evaluation of the thermal power potential, using daily data (16 years) of sea surface temperature, and the percentage of available time of the power thresholds; (2) assessment of feasibility using a decision matrix, fed by technical, environmental and socioeconomic criteria; (3) identification of four potential sites; and (4) comparison of OTEC competitiveness with other technologies through the levelized cost of energy. Multi-criteria decision analysis was applied to select optimal sites, using the technique for ordering performance by the similarity to the ideal solution. The best sites were (1) Puerto Angel and (2) Cabo San Lucas; with power production of > 50 MW and a persistence of > 40%. As yet there is no evidence from operational OTEC plants that could alter the environmental and socioeconomic criteria weightings. More in situ studies on pilot plants should help to determine their possible environmental impact and socio-economic consequences before any larger-scale projects are implemented.

The accelerated rate of environmental degradation of the Mexican Caribbean coast is alarming. In this work, spatial analysis procedures were applied to study relationships among wave and wind climates, water quality, and environmental degradation of the principal coastal ecosystems. We found an increasing North-South gradient in the preservation state of the coastal ecosystems, related to the degree of anthropization of the coastline. In the north, all analysed stressors exert high pressure on coral reefs, seagrass meadows, mangroves, and dunes, and cause chronic coastline erosion. The coastal ecosystems of the central and southern regions are more mature and healthier, and the most significant stressor is reduced water quality. The north has been most hit by high-intensity hurricanes, the frequency of which has increased in the Mexican Caribbean over recent decades. The status of conservation of the ecosystems, added to the long-term intensification of environmental pressures, particularly high-intensity hurricanes, will induce further deterioration if a coordinated management scheme is not adopted by decision-makers. To ensure effective coordinated management, plans should be made on a regional scale using shared guidelines. Spatial analysis procedures aid in prioritizing and adapting the shared guidelines depending on the identified major stressors and the preservation state of each region in the Mexican Caribbean.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as fontes de crenças sobre as estratégias de ensino dos esportes coletivos de universitários do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física de uma universidade pública do sul do Brasil. Adotaram-se procedimentos de estudo qualitativo em que participaram 4 universitários. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de observação sistemática, seguido de entrevistas com estimulação de memória e analisados através da Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que as fontes de crenças estavam relacionadas as experiências de prática motora, os feedbacks e as observações de professores. Conclui-se que as crenças dos universitários se desenvolveram por experiências ao longo da vida, envolvendo diversos contextos e situações de aprendizagem. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the sources of beliefs about the teaching strategies of collective sports of undergraduate students in Physical Education at a public university in southern Brazil. Qualitative research procedures were adopted with 4 undergraduate students. The data were obtained through systematic observation, followed interviews with memory stimulation and analyzed through Content Analysis. The results indicated that the sources of beliefs were related to the experiences of motor practice, the feedbacks and the observations of teachers. It is concluded that the beliefs of the undergraduates were developed through lifelong experiences, involving different contexts and learning situations. RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las fuentes de creencias para la enseñanza del deporte colectivo de estudiantes de Educación Física en una universidad pública del sur de Brasil. Se ha realizado procedimientos de estudio cualitativo en el que han participado 4 estudiantes. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante observación sistemática seguido de entrevistas con estimulación de la memoria y analizados por medio del análisis de contenido. Los resultados indicaron que las fuentes de las creencias estaban relacionadas con las experiencias de la práctica motora, los feedbacks y las observaciones de los maestros. Se concluye que las creencias de los estudiantes se desarrollaron a través de experiencias de toda la vida, involucrando diferentes contextos y situaciones de aprendizaje.