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While appraisal and coping are known to impact adolescent psychopathology, more vulnerable or resilient responses to stress may depend on individual temperament. This study examined early life temperament as a moderator of the prospective relations of pre-adolescent appraisal and coping with adolescent psychopathology. The sample included 226 (62% female, 14–15 years) adolescents with assessments starting at 3 years of age. Adolescents were predominately White (12% Black 9% Asian, 11% Latinx, 4% Multiracial, and 65% White). Observed early-childhood temperament (fear, frustration, executive control, and delay ability) were tested as moderators of pre-adolescent coping (active and avoidant) and appraisal (threat, positive) on internalizing and externalizing symptoms during the pandemic. Interaction effects were tested using regression in R. Sex and family context of stress were covariates. Early-childhood temperament was correlated with pre-adolescent symptoms, however, pre-adolescent appraisal and coping but not temperament predicted adolescent psychopathology. Frustration moderated the relations of active and avoidant coping and positive appraisal to symptoms such that coping and appraisal related to lower symptoms only for those low in frustration. Executive control moderated the associations of avoidant coping with symptoms such that avoidance reduced the likelihood of symptoms for youth low in executive control. Findings underscore the role of emotionality and self-regulation in youth adjustment, with the impact of coping differing with temperament. These findings suggest that equipping youth with a flexible assortment of coping skills may serve to reduce negative mental health outcomes.

Virtual communities of practice (VCoP) may provide the afloat community of the United States Coast Guard (USCG) greater opportunities for learning and professional development. The specific learning needs and constraints of this community, including geographic separation and dynamic deployment schedules, appear well aligned with VCoP structure and objectives. However, it is critical that the knowledge-sharing culture of the USCG's afloat community be thoroughly explored to ensure a systemic approach to the development and implementation of performance and learning interventions. Expanding upon the results of a pilot study conducted in 2017, this qualitative case study employed a survey and semistructured interviews to examine the afloat community's potential for successful engagement in a VCoP. Recommendations for enhancing trust and promoting communal development and sustainment are also discussed.

Latar belakang. Stunting merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan nasional maupun dunia. Diperkirakan stunting berhubungan dengan penurunan dalam tingkat kognitif, kapasitas belajar, motorik, dan fungsi bahasa. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan stunting dengan gangguan kognitif pada usia remaja awal di Kecamatan Jatinangor. Metode. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan studi penelitian analitik komparatif dengan metode potong lintang. Kriteria inklusi penelitian ini adalah murid sekolah dasar kelas 5-6 di Kecamatan Jatinangor. Kriteria eksklusi pada penelitian ini adalah pengambilan data yang tidak lengkap dan memiliki penyakit kronik. Pengambilan data berupa karakteristik subjek, antropometri dilakukan sesuai dengan prosedur WHO, dan fungsi kognitif menggunakan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) Folstein. Analisis data menggunakan Fisher’s Exact Test. Hasil. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 58 subjek yang terdiri dari 57% perempuan dan 43% laki-laki dengan rentang usia 10-12 tahun. Terdapat 26% subjek yang termasuk kategori stunting dan 26% yang termasuk kategori Mini Mental State Examination tidak normal. Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat menggunakan uji statistik Fisher’s Exact Test didapatkan hubungan antara stunting dengan gangguan kognitif dengan nilai p=0,013. Kesimpulan. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara stunting dengan gangguan kognitif pada usia remaja awal di Kecamatan Jatinangor.

Despite greater emphasis on college and career readiness in PK-12 education, gifted Black males with disabilities still encounter various barriers in making successful transitions to postsecondary educational opportunities. These barriers include negative educational experiences, deficit ideologies, and limited opportunities for positive identity development, which all, in turn, impact their college and career readiness. Provided these experiences, it is imperative that educational stakeholders, including school counselors and school psychologists, work together to address systemic barriers while utilizing mentorship and peer support to foster positive college and career readiness.

A deeper understanding of the influence of fine-scale fuel patterns on fire behavior is essential to the design of forest treatments that aim to reduce fire hazard, enhance structural complexity, and increase ecosystem function and resilience. Of particular relevance is the impact of horizontal and vertical forest structure on potential tree torching and large-tree mortality. It may be the case that fire behavior in spatially complex stands differs from predictions based on stand-level descriptors of the fuel distribution and structure. In this work, we used a spatially explicit fire behavior model to evaluate how the vertical and horizontal distribution of fuels influences the potential for fire to travel from the surface into overstory tree crowns. Our results support the understanding that crown fuels (e.g., needles and small-diameter branchwood) close to the surface can aid in this transition; however, we add important nuance by showing the interactive effect of overstory horizontal fuel connectivity. The influence of fuels low in the canopy space was overridden by the effect of horizontal connectivity at surface fire-line intensities greater than 1415 kW/m. For example, tree groups with vertically continuous fuels and limited horizontal connectivity sustained less large-tree consumption than tree groups with a significant vertical gap between the surface and canopy but high-canopy horizontal connectivity. This effect was likely the result of reduced net vertical heat transfer as well as decreased horizontal heat transfer, or crown-to-crown spread, in the upper canopy. These results suggest that the crown fire hazard represented by vertically complex tree groups is strongly mediated by the density, or horizontal connectivity, of the tree crowns within the group, and therefore, managers may be able to mitigate some of the torching hazard associated with vertically heterogenous tree groups.

The first two years of life, including the period from conception to 2 years of age, are very important for a child’s growth and development. This study sought to describe the developmental status and the environmental factors that influence it in children aged 6 months to 2 years in urban and rural areas. The research sites were purposively selected: specific health centres in the city of Bandung and West Bandung district were chosen and the study was conducted from November to December 2022. A cross-sectional study was conducted with healthy children aged 6 months to 2 years and their parents, who agreed to participate in the study. Researchers performed developmental tests using the Developmental Pre-screening Questionnaire with classifications for normal developmental test results and developmental delays. During the study, 346 children met the inclusion criteria, resulting in a sample of 164 (47.4%) boys and 182 (52.6%) girls. There were no significant differences among children with developmental delays in urban and rural areas. The factors that influence the possibility of developmental delays in the two research areas were the child’s age, exposure to screen time, stimulation, nutritional status, and the use of the mother–child handbook.

Background: There has been a shift in postgraduate medical education towards digital educational resources—podcasts, videos, social media and other formats consumed asynchronously and apart from formal curricula. It is unclear what drives residents to select and use these resources. Understanding how and why residents choose digital resources can aid programme directors, faculty and residents in optimising residents' informal learning time. Method: This focus group study was conducted with residents at two US internal medicine residency programmes. The authors used the framework approach to content analysis using self‐determination theory as guide for deductive coding and iteratively assessing connections among codes and identifying themes. Trustworthiness was addressed through use of analytic memos, reflexive practice and member checking. Results: The authors conducted eight virtual focus groups (n = 23) from 5/27/20 to 6/11/20. Residents described that a feeling of 'should know' drove initial choices towards self‐directed learning outside of work. Regular use of a resource was influenced by how the resource fit into a resident's lifestyle, the personal cognitive energy and the perceived 'activation energy' of using a particular resource. Familiarity, increased confidence and in‐person social networks gained from digital resources served to reinforce and further guide resource choice. Conclusions: The selection of digital resources for self‐directed learning is driven by multiple factors, suggesting an interdependent relationship between the learning environment and a residents' cognitive capacity. Understanding these interconnections can help residents and clinical educators explicitly choose resources that fit their lifestyle and learning needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Vocal fold scar and sulcus pose significant treatment challenges with no current optimal treatment. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), an autologous concentration of growth factors, holds promise for regenerating the superficial lamina propria. This study aims to evaluate the potential benefits of serial PRP injections on mucosal wave restoration and vocal function. Methods: In a prospective clinical trial across two institutions, patients with vocal fold scar underwent four serial PRP injections, one month apart. Blinded independent laryngologists and expert listeners used pretreatment and one‐month post‐fourth injection videostroboscopy and CAPE‐V assessments to evaluate mucosal wave and voice quality changes, respectively. Additionally, patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) were evaluated. Results: In the study, 15 patients received 55 PRP injections without adverse effects. Eight patients (53.3%) had mild, three patients (20%) had moderate, and four patients (26.7%) had severe scar. There was an average reduction of 8.7 points in post‐treatment VHI‐10 scores (p = 0.007). The raters observed an improvement in post‐treatment voice in 73.4% of cases, and CAPE‐V scores showed a reduction of 18.8 points on average (p = 0.036). The videostroboscopic VALI ratings showed an improvement in mucosal wave rating from 2.0 to 4.0. On average, the raters perceived the post‐PRP exams to be better in 56.7% of cases. Conclusions: PRP has been validated as a safe autologous option for treatment of vocal fold scar. While results for mucosal wave and voice quality varied, there was a consistent improvement in PROMs. Level of Evidence: 3: Prospective cohort study, with blinded analysis Laryngoscope, 134:5021–5027, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are universally recognised targets designed to combat poverty, inequality, and climate change. However, there exists limited awareness and understanding of these goals among nursing and midwifery students. To address this knowledge gap, a co-designed audio podcast was introduced as an educational tool to enhance students' comprehension of SDGs and their relevance to the healthcare profession. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at Queen's University Belfast, involving 566 first-year nursing and midwifery students. A 60-minute SDG podcast, co-designed with students and stakeholders, was made accessible within the university's learning management system. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were administered to assess changes in students' knowledge levels and attitudes toward SDGs. Additionally, 37 participants engaged in focus group interviews six months after listening to the podcast to explore their experiences and reflections. Quantitative data was analysed using paired t-tests and descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was analysed thematically. Results: The podcast significantly increased students' awareness of SDGs and their understanding of the goals' relevance to their profession and personal lives. Post-test scores showed substantial improvements across all three sub-scales: knowledge, professional relevance, and personal relevance. Moreover, participants rated the podcast as a valuable learning resource with high acceptability, although some expressed uncertainty about replay intentions. Focus group interviews revealed three themes, including 1) More than you know', which described how participants developed new knowledge and understanding about SDGs, 2) 'Nurse-Midwife Nudges', which illuminated how participants made minor changes to their behaviour and 3) 'Fitting Format', which highlighted how participants favoured the use of an audio podcast to learn about SDGs. Discussion: This study demonstrates the potential of audio podcasts as an effective and engaging tool for increasing awareness and understanding of SDGs among nursing and midwifery students. The results suggest that such interventions can positively impact students' knowledge, attitudes, and behavioural intentions regarding the SDGs. The findings also emphasise the importance of co-design in developing educational resources tailored to the specific needs and preferences of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Northern Triangle countries, including El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, are sources of a significant number of asylum seekers in the United States today. This article examines the underlying societal dynamics in these countries and considers the typical profile of transgender immigrant women seeking asylum in the U.S. on the legal grounds of having faced gender-based violence in their countries of origin. It analyzes the relevant international conventions as well as the social determinants of the health and mental health of transgender asylum seekers. It draws from 35 cases of transgender immigrant women subjected to child sexual abuse; sexual assault, including assault by police; and forced sex work; it reviews examples from the academic and gray literature, including a precedent-setting case heard before the Inter-American Court on Human Rights. It discusses the implications for social science professionals, including the role of experts of country conditions. It provides guidance for immigrant service providers and advocates, particularly the importance of gender-affirming policies and healthcare to this population deserving of protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latar belakang. Talasemia adalah penyakit genetik hematologik yang berdampak terhadap perubahan fisik dan kegiatan sehari-hari pasien sehingga berpengaruh pada psikososial pasien, terutama pasien remaja yang mengalami perubahan emosional pada fase transisi menuju dewasa. Tujuan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan masalah mental emosional dengan karakteristik pasien remaja talasemia mayor di Poli Talasemia RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah studi deskriptif-analitik dengan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan pada bulan Agustus– September 2019. Subjek penelitian adalah 96 pasien talasemia di Poli Talasemia RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dengan kelompok usia 11-17 tahun yang mengisi self-assessment Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Hasil. Dari 96 subjek penelitian, 49 (51%) adalah perempuan. Enam puluh empat (67%) adalah kelompok usia 11-14 tahun, dan 46 (48%) di antaranya adalah siswa SMP. Gambaran masalah mental emosional pasien meliputi masalah emosional 17 (18%), conduct 12 (12%), hiperaktivitas 8 (8%), dan masalah hubungan dengan teman sebaya 7 (7%). Kesimpulan. Tidak ada perbedaan antara masalah mental emosional dan karakteristik pasien remaja dengan talasemia mayor.