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A reagent and a derivatization procedure have been developed which result in trimesylation of all -OH and -NH2 groups on proteins: serine, threonine, tyrosine, and lysine side chains are all completely derivatized. The parameters affecting the kinetics of trimesylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine peptides were studied using dinitrophenylated peptides as model systems. Conditions for solubilization of proteins in anhydrous organic solvents for the derivatization are described; removal of blocking groups results in the polar, highly water-soluble protein derivative which behaves as a monomer during gel permeation chromatography in simple aqueous buffers even in the absence of detergents. Synthesis of the tritiated reagent is described, and this reagent was used to monitor the protein derivatization.

Hurricane washover fans from the Texas Gulf Coast exhibit large-scale rhomboid bed forms developed on washover deposits of fine sand with varying shell content. Washover processes inferred from aerial photographs, storm characteristics, and physical settings suggest that these bed forms are the product of (1) storm surge flooding or (2) high wind shear stress. Multiple bed forms, including large-scale rhombs, are responsible for sedimentary structures preserved in washover deposits. Proximal channels exhibit scour and fill sequences capped by mud drapes. Mid-channel fan deposits also have scour bases marked by shell lags which are overlain by horizontal laminations and foreset and backset laminae. Distal fan sediments are relatively shell free and are interbedded with tidal flat deposits characterized by bioturbated, alternating sand and mud laminae. Rhomboidal patterns can form on the free surface of water in response to five processes: (1) wave interference from two externally independent sources, (2) wave interference from refraction of a single set of wave fronts, (3) standing oblique waves caused by bed roughness elements, (4) standing oblique waves formed at channel boundaries and channel transitions, and (5) wind stress. Geologically, standing oblique waves from unidirectional nearly supercritical flow is probably the most important process in rhomboid bed form development.

Texas has a quarter of its population living within 60 km of its low-relief, barrier island/lagoonal coastline. By 1980, the State had available an atlas of environmental geologic and derivative maps for decision-making. As the State owns the submerged bays and continental shelf out to 16 km offshore, an atlas of the submerged lands was needed to provide required information for permitting and regulating State properties. The atlas includes maps, graphs, and tables of the bathymetry, bottom sediments, geochemistry, benthic communities and wetlands. Federal and Texas agencies are presently using the atlas in regulating and issuing permits for offshore activities.

The determination of amino acids has been achieved by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography of their dinitrophenyl derivatives. The methods developed permit the quantitation of all amino acids commonly encountered in a protein hydrolysate and the effect of various parameters on this separation was systematically evaluated. The procedure eliminates the need for specialized postcolumn equipment as employed in conventional amino acid analysis and can be obtained by a simple gradient high-pressure chromatograph. The sensitivity obtained is comparable to that available by methods in common usage, being able to determine amino acids quantitatively in the low picomole range.

Given any collection of real numbers $\{ \mu _i \} _{i = 0}^\infty $, called moments, satisfying a Hamburger-like condition $\Delta _n = \det [\mu _{i + j} ]_{i,j = 0}^n \ne 0$ and a growth condition $| {\mu _n } | < cM^n n!$, where c, M are constant, $n = 0,1, \cdots $, the Chebyshev polynomials $p_0 = 1$, \[p_n (x) = \left[ {{1 / {\Delta _{n - 1} }}} \right]\left| {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\mu _0 } & {\mu _1 } & \cdots & {\mu _n } \\ \vdots & {} & {} & \vdots \\ {\mu _{n - 1} } & {\mu _n } & \cdots & {\mu _{2n - 1} } \\ 1 & x & \cdots & {x^n } \\ \end{array} } \right|,\]$n = 1,2, \cdots $ are shown to be orthogonal with respect to the linear functional \[w(x) = \sum_{n = 0}^\infty {( - 1)^n \mu _n \delta ^{(n)} } {{(x)} / {n!}}.\] The problem of the existence of extensions of w to a space of test functions which includes polynomials is also discussed. It is shown that if $F^{ - 1} w(t)$ has an analytic continuation which has a classical Fourier transform, then that transform is the desired extension. If t...

SUMMARY The sand size carbonate fractions of beach and dune sands from the southeastern U.S. Atlantic coast were investigated from the standpoint of mineralogy, roundness and size distribution. The carbonate fractions of beach-dune sands used in this study range in abundance from less than 1% to over 40% and average about 10%. Calcium carbonate is least abundant in Georgia beaches and increases slightly to the north and greatly to the south. The size distribution of the carbonate fraction is similar to that of the non-carbonate fraction since both have been distributed by the same processes. The variable flat shape of calcareous fragments causes the carbonate fraction to be usually coarser and more poorly sorted than the acid insoluble residues of the samples. No regional relationship between roundness and wave energies was found in sand size materials although field observations indicate high energies strikingly round gravel sized calcareous fragments. There is some tendency for angularity to increase with decreasing grain size in the sand sizes as with quartz grains. The mineralogy of beach sand carbonate fractions is characterized by the almost total absence of high My calcite. Aragonite is the dominant mineral.

Summary The present study investigated the effect and course of stereotyped attitudes of supervisors and subordinates interacting to plan changes in the subordinates' performance. In particular, the study concerned the fate of these stereotyped role-attitudes during the course of two types of appraisal interviews: the traditional traits rating method and the newly-formulated goals method. Thirty-six nursing supervisors were assigned roles as supervisors and subordinates and given appropriate role descriptions and instructions. Both groups made initial trait ratings of the hypothetical subordinate and then role-played parts in the two types of appraisal interviews. Following each interaction, supervisors and subordinates rated their reactions. The results clearly indicated that the initial ratings by the supervisors of the hypothetical subordinate were more negative than the ratings made by the subordinates themselves. These differences were present before any interaction had taken place between supervisors and subordinates, and they appear due to stereotyped attitudes inherent in the role of supervisors and subordinates. After role playing, reactions of both supervisors and subordinates to the goals method were more positive than reactions to the traits interaction. When the initial disparity in the critical rating attitudes of supervisors and subordinates was greatest, the traits method interaction perpetuated conflict whereas the goals method interaction either resolved it or in some way avoided it. The traits method appears to force the supervisor to assume an evaluative posture toward the subordinate. This posture fosters the critical attitudes associated with the supervisory role. Under the goals method, on the other hand, the supervisor can take a relatively non-evaluative role. Consequently, the stereotyped attitudes and behaviors associated with an evaluative relationship are circumvented.

A case report and review of the literature of benign gastric ulcer complicated by gastrocolic fistula are presented. Twenty-seven percent of patients were found to be receiving ulcerogenic medications. Only 15% of patients had previous histories of ulcer disease. Parameters most suggestive of a neoplastic process included palpable abdominal mass and unexplained anemia. Diagnosis is established by barium enema. Endoscopic biopsy and cytologic studies are useful in differentiating benign from malignant processes. Surgical management of benign ulcers complicated by fistula results in more than 90% survival.

Sediments of the Texas inner shelf are fine grained; coarse clasts (> 0.5 mm) are uncommon (< 1%) over much of the area. Higher concentrations of coarse material, however, occur in discrete areas which apparently represent positions of former deltas. Coarsest constituents are predominantly whole shells and shell fragments with subordinate amounts of lithic clasts. The calcareous skeletal debris represents a mixture of extant shelf fauna and relict brackish-water mollusks including Ragina sp. and Crassostrea virginica. Rounded sandstone and mudstone clasts up to 7 cm long and caliche nodules are common in some areas. Maps showing (1) coarse-fraction percent, (2) distribution of brackish-water mollusks, and (3) rock fragments show similar trends outlining ancestral Ri Grande, Brazos-Colorado, and Trinity deltas. A patchy, arcuate trend between Pass Cavallo and Aransas Pass is enigmatic. Criteria used to determine relative ages of shell debris for each of the four trends are degree of abrasion, fragmentation, etching, boring, and discoloration. Possible explanations for concentration of coarse material include high productivity, low rates of terrigenous clastic sedimentation, selective deposition by modern shelf processes, and reworking of locally shelly relict deposits exposed on the seafloor during the Holocene transgression. However, no single explanation adequately accounts for areal variations in coarse material. Reworking of delta-plain and estuarine deposits during and following sea-level rise is common to all areas which at present are also sites of insignificant coarse-sediment influx. Sabine-Bolivar trends are interpreted as transgressive lags derived from erosion of a late Pleistocene Trinity delta previously dissected by the Sabine River during Wisconsin glaciation. In contrast, Brazos-Colorado and Rio Grande tre ds are interpreted as possibly compound strandline features associated with subsidence, erosion, and retreat of Holocene deltas. Upwelling of nutrient-rich shelf waters and freshwater inflow also may have increased productivity of shelf benthos near the Rio Grande delta. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1608

Graded sandstones separated by finer grained sediments of a shelf and shoreface environment have been widely attributed to sporadic storm activity with sand transport related to storm surge ebb According to this classic storm surge ebb model barrier lagoon coasts are prerequisite However re examination of hurricane data as well as coring on the Texas shelf suggests that emplacement of these storm graded sediments was related to high energy bottom return flow produced by wind forcing during the height of storms Seaward runoff from backbarrier areas is interpreted to have had negligible influence on shelf sedimenta tion in the units studied Graded sandstones of the Lower Cretaceous Grayson Formation in northeast Texas which bear close resemblance to the storm beds in the cored units are interpreted to have been deposited off a coast dominated by small lobate deltas that lacked fringing barrier islands Nearshore sandstones are relatively thick vertically amalgamated and dominated by hummocky cross stratification produced by the interaction of unidirectional currents and storm waves In contrast thinner sandstones deposited below storm wave base commonly include a basal shell layer with transported and aligned gastropods probably oriented by strong bottom currents These sandstones show parallel lamination or rare low angle foresets that grade upward into siltstone and mudstonewith local intervening ripple cross lamination Burrowing is restricted to theupper parts of thegraded units and to the overlying fair weather mudstones however burrowing is surprisingly sparse possibly because of high rates of sedimentation

The reflexogenic respiratory responses to spontaneous inhalation of cigarette smoke (500-750 ml, 12-20% concentration) were studied in chloralose anesthetized dogs before and after hexamethonium aerosol, a nicotinic receptor antagonist, was administered into the lungs. In 11 of 13 dogs studied, reproducible responses of either apnea (n = 9) or rapid shallow breathing (n = 2) were elicited immediately after the first or second breath of smoke inhalation: apneic duration reached 398 +/- 47% (mean +/- SEM) of the mean baseline expiratory duration. Pretreatment with hexamethonium aerosol (3-5 breaths, 10% concentration) completely abolished these immediate changes in breathing patterns, but did not significantly reduce the delayed hyperpnea induced by smoke inhalation. Hexamethonium aerosol alone did not cause any detectable systemic effects. To examine if a bronchoconstrictive effect of nicotine was involved, the response to cigarette smoke was also studied after bronchodilation was induced by isoproterenol aerosol (15 breaths, 0.5% concentration) in 6 of these dogs. However, neither immediate nor delayed responses to smoke inhalation was significantly affected. These results suggest that: (1) these immediate respiratory responses to smoke inhalation are elicited by a nicotine-induced stimulation of vagal sensory receptors in the lungs, and (2) bronchoconstriction is not responsible for causing these reflex effects.

A 51-year-old man with clinical and laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of pancreatic ascites is reported. Response to usual medical measures was inadequate. Single-dose irradiation to the pancreatic area (550 rads) resulted in marked improvement in his ascites. Operative pancreatogram months later revealed no evidence of ductal leakage. Low-dose pancreatic irradiation may be a unseful therapeutic adjunct in the older, high-risk patient with pancreatic ascites in whom surgery is not considered feasible.

Shoreline changes from sandy oceanic coasts worldwide show temporal and spatial variations that are similar to, and exemplified by, composite data from the Texas coast for four time periods extending from 1850 to 1975. The quantitative data, which exhibit remarkably similar distributions for the first two and latter two periods, show that both total length of eroding coast and rates of erosion have substantially increased since 1955-60. As a result, some shoreline segments that prograded following sea-level stillstand are presently eroding. Spatial variations in shoreline changes occur on regional and local scales. Regional tendencies toward accretion or erosion closely correspond with physiographic provinces, which in Texas are defined by transgressive and regressive beaches and barriers. Within each province, rates of accretion and erosion display periodicities that are irregular to quasi-sinusoidal in form and are attributed to shoreline rhythms resulting from differential rates of sediment transport. Natural processes, such as decreases in sediment supply and continued relative sea-level rise are largely responsible for long-term shoreline retreat. Short-term (historical) shoreline changes reflect the long-term trends. but they also reflect secular sea-level variations and human activities. The latter, in the form of coastal engineering modifications, are clearly responsible for the highest short-term rates of accretion and erosion. On the Texas coast nearly half of the total beach sand supplied by updrift erosion, presently a major sediment source, has been trapped by jetties at harbor entrances. This impoundment of sand at impermeable barriers together with reduced sediment influx from damming of rivers suggest that anthropogenic augmentation of natural shoreline erosion will likely increase from local to regional effects.

SummaryIn summary these studies have demonstrated that chronic nicotine consumption by oral administration elicits a reduction in vascular resistance within the iliac circulation of the rat. The mechanism appears to involve a change in the vascular architecture as opposed to modification of vascular tone. By contrast long-term consumption of an equivalent amount of nicotine via tobacco smoke had no significant effect.

A case of Felty's syndrome with nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver, presinusoidal portal hypertension, and bleeding esophageal varices is reported. Increased splenic blood flow may be a contributing factor to the development of the regenerative nodules. The portal hypertension is postulated to be a result of intrahepatic vascular compression.

The intrinsic properties of the genetic sandstone units that typify many geopressured geothermal aquifers and hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Gulf Coast region were systematically investigated classified, and differentiated. The following topics are coverd: structural and stratigraphic limits of sandstone reservoirs, characteristics and dimensions of Gulf Coast sandstones; fault-compartment areas; comparison of production and geologic estimates of aquifer fluid volume; geologic setting and reservoir characteristics, Wells of Opportunity; internal properties of sandstones; and implications for geopressured fluid production. (MHR)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of chronic administration of nicotine on red blood cell (RBC) velocity in single capillaries of the mesentery. Ten male rats consumed an average of 2.38 mg nicotine/kg/day, an approximate ‘2 pack’ equivalent, in their drinking water for a period of 15–20 weeks. At the end of this time RBC velocity was measured in single capillaries of the mesentery. The data were compared to RBC velocities measured in a group of matched control rats. Red cell velocities in the control and nicotine groups averaged 1.22 ± 0.23 and 0.59 ± 0.10 mm/sec SEM, respectively. These values were significantly different (p < 0.01). It is concluded that chronic administration of nicotine to rats in levels equivalent to tobacco smoking reduces resting capillary blood flow in the mesenteric circulation as indicated by differences in erythrocyte velocity.

NZB mice spontaneously lose thymic regulatory or suppressor cells and subsequently develop autoimmunity and lymphoreticular hyperplasia. Treatment with 2-week-old syngeneic thymocytes every 2 weeks starting at 4 weeks of age suppressed these disease manifestations. The active thymocyte subpopulation was found to be sensitive to corticosteroids and X-irradiation.

We have developed a time-resolved solid-phase immunofluorometric assay for thyroropin (TSH). The assay is performed in white opaque microtitration wells which are coated with a monoclonal capture antibody. Serum TSH binds simultaneously to the solid phase and to a biotinylated monoclonal defection antibody. The degree of biotinylated antibody binding is quantitated with streptavidin conjugated to thyroglobulin which is heavily labelled with the Eu 3+ chelator 4,7-bis [chlorosulfophenyl] -1,10-phenanthroline -2,9-dicarboxylic acid (BCPDA). The final fluorescent complex is measured on the solid phase with time-resolved fluorometry. The assay requires two incubation steps and can be completed in 5 hours. The detection limit is 0.03 milli-int. units/L. The present assay was compared with two immunoradiometric assays and gave satisfactory results.

A cDNA clone spanning the entire amino acid sequence of the nuclear-encoded uncoupling protein of rat brown adipose tissue mitochondria has been isolated and sequenced. With the exception of the N-terminal methionine the deduced N-terminus of the newly synthesized uncoupling protein is identical to the N-terminal 30 amino acids of the native uncoupling protein as determined by protein sequencing. This proves that the protein contains no N-terminal mitochondrial targeting prepiece and that a targeting region must reside within the amino acid sequence of the mature protein.

ABSTRACT A comprehensive geological investigation is being conducted of Texas-owned submerged lands which include the bays, lagoons, and inner continental shelf extending from the Gulf shoreline seaward for 10.3 miles. The study is a joint effort between the Bureau of Economic Geology and the U. S. Geological Survey with state funding from the Coastal Zone Management Program of the General Land Office of Texas. Data collection consists of 6700 bottom sediment samples and 4100 nautical miles of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles. Sediment samples were sub sampled for textural and geochemical analyses and descriptions of benthic fauna. Practical applications include delineation of (1) potentially active faults and shallow diapiric structures, (2) high concentrations of heavy metals, (3) biologically productive areas, (4) bottom substrates with markedly different engineering properties and (5) environmental assessment of pollutants in the shelf and estuarine systems. Basic geological studies will include seismic stratigraphy as well as geometry, facies distribution, and chronology of Quaternary sediments. Sedimentological data will augment other efforts such as mapping of mineral resources and determination of sediment budget. Preliminary results include lithofacies maps of surface sediments based on a three component classification (sand, mud, shell). These maps show that fault related topographic features on the inner Texas shelf control sediment type in some areas. High concentrations of shell and relict sediments, as well as major faulting, are closely related to fluvial-deltaic systems such as the Holocene Rio Grande and Brazos Colorado deltas. Relative rates of sedimentation and general directions of sediment dispersion are inferred from sediment types, thicknesses, textures, and trace element distributions. INTRODUCTION The state owned submerged lands of Texas are vast. They encompass nearly 6000 sq. miles and extend from Mexico to Louisiana. The area includes the bays, estuaries, and lagoons as well as the inner continental shelf 10.3 miles seaward of the Gulf shoreline (fig. 1). There are many uncertainties as to the future utilization of the state submerged lands, and we are probably incapable of anticipating all the potential uses for these areas. We can, however, expect multiple and diverse uses related to food production, energy production, recreation, resource extraction, industrial processing, transportation, and the like. Initial planning for many of these activities requires a knowledge of the regional geology, the active geological processes, and the potential environmental impacts of human activities. A comprehensive investigation of the state submerged lands is being conducted in order to establish the extant geological and biological conditions and to develop a baseline inventory of data for future environmental monitoring. Support for this comprehensive research project was provided by (1) funding from the Coastal Zone Management Program of the Texas General Land Office to the Bureau of Economic Geology (McGowen and others, 1977) and (2) substantial financial and logistical contributions made through the joint research program between the U. S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Economic Geology.

Overpressured Oligocene sandstones in Texas contain water having salinities ranging from approximately 8,000 to more than 250,000 mg/L. Water composition varies with depth and among four hydrochemical subregions. Water dominated by NaCl and having variable but locally high salinity occurs within the salt-dome province of the Houston embayment, whereas NaCl-dominated water with generally lower salinity and high concentrations of organic acids occurs along the San Marcos arch. A unique area of highly saline Ca-rich water in south Texas is separated by abrupt boundaries from the middle coast water to the north and from an area of low salinity NaCl water near the Rio Grande. Boundaries between hydrochemical subregions may reflect deep-seated structural discontinuities that re ionally control fluid movement along faults and within sandstone-rich intervals. Ionic and isotopic analyses indicate that depth-dependent changes are primarily due to the mixing of brines from three sources. High salinities are generated by the dissolution of salt, either by vertical transport of brines that evolved from deep-seated salt dissolution and high temperature rock-water interaction (yielding the Ca-rich type), or by local dissolution of salt that penetrated the Tertiary section as diapirs (yielding the NaCl type). Low salinities indicate pore-water dilution by water released from the transformation of smectite to illite, and by mineral dehydration reactions. Low-salinity, high-alkalinity water, which is associated with the extensive development of secondary porosity, commonly occurs near and immediately below the top of the geopressured zone. Thermal c nvection within the geopressured zone may be responsible for concentrating the buoyant low-salinity water (and oil) near the top of the geopressured zone.

Synthetic procedures are presented for a new chelator that forms stable and highly fluorescent complexes with Eu3+. This chelator, 4,7-bis(chlorosulfophenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid (BCPDA) is synthesized in a high-yield three-step procedure. BCPDA can be covalently incorporated into proteins under relatively mild conditions, and when complexed with Eu3+ forms a fluorescent product that has a lifetime in the range of 0.4 to 0.7 ms. Thus, it is useful for time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay applications.