213 results on '"Robert, Jean-Marc"'
Search Results
202. A monitoring system for detecting repeated packets with applications to computer worms.
- Author
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Oorschot, Paul, Robert, Jean-Marc, and Martin, Miguel
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTER networks , *COMMUNICATIONS industries , *APPLICATION service providers , *COMPUTER systems , *COMPUTER network security , *ELECTRONIC systems - Abstract
We present a monitoring system which detects repeated packets in network traffic, and has applications including detecting computer worms. It uses Bloom filters with counters. The system analyzes traffic in routers of a network. Our preliminary evaluation of the system involved traffic from our internal lab and a well known historical data set. After appropriate configuration, no false alarms are obtained under these data sets and we expect low false alarm rates are possible in many network environments. We also conduct simulations using real Internet Service Provider topologies with realistic link delays and simulated traffic. These simulations confirm that this approach can detect worms at early stages of propagation. We believe our approach, with minor adaptations, is of independent interest for use in a number of network applications which benefit from detecting repeated packets, beyond detecting worm propagation. These include detecting network anomalies such as dangerous traffic fluctuations, abusive use of certain services, and some distributed denial-of-service attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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203. Experimentation sur les modes d'ecriture du dessin
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Robert, Jean-Marc, INRIA Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), and INRIA
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[INFO.INFO-OH]Computer Science [cs]/Other [cs.OH] - Published
- 1981
204. L'ergonomie prospective : fondements et enjeux
- Author
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Brangier, Eric, Robert, Jean-Marc, Brangier, Eric, and Robert, Jean-Marc
- Abstract
À partir d’une analyse de la prospective et de l’intégration d’éléments de celle-ci à l’ergonomie, les auteurs proposent de reconnaître l’ergonomie prospective (EP) comme une nouvelle modalité d’intervention ergonomique permettant de travailler sur le futur. Leur objectif est d’amener l’ergonomie à s’intéresser aux futurs besoins et usages humains et à la création de futurs produits, procédés et services, et à le faire sous l’angle des facteurs humains et organisationnels qui sont toujours à la base de son action. Les connaissances et méthodes de la prospective, de l’ergonomie et de la créativité sont mises à profit pour rechercher et créer. Une intervention prospective est proactive, spéculative et inventive. Elle se situe en amont de la conception dans les projets où les besoins précèdent la technologie, et elle donne l’occasion à l’ergonome de travailler au niveau stratégique des entreprises. Les auteurs discutent les enjeux et défis de l’EP et décrivent les grandes lignes des huit articles de ces deux numéros spéciaux., Prospective ergonomics: the foundations and issues From an analysis of ‘prospective’ (as a discipline) and the integration of its elements into ergonomics, the authors propose to recognize Prospective Ergonomics (PE) as a new modality of ergonomic intervention that allows one to work on the future. The goal is to bring ergonomics to focus on future human needs and usages and the creation of future artifacts, and to do it through human and organizational factors that are always at the core of its action. Thus, PE is a modality of ergonomic intervention which consists in anticipating future needs, usages and behaviors, or constructing future needs, in order to create products, processes and services that are well suited to them. The knowledge and methods of prospective, ergonomics and creativity are utilized to search and create. Thus a prospective intervention is proactive, speculative, and inventive. It is located upstream of design in projects and it provides ergonomists with the opportunity to work at the strategic level of enterprises. The authors discuss the issues and challenges of PE and describe the outline of eight articles included in these two special issues on PE.
205. Subjective evaluation of the naturalness and acceptability of three text-to-speech systems in French
- Author
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Robert, Jean-Marc, primary, Choiniere, Andre, additional, and Descout, Raymond, additional
- Published
- 1989
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206. Privacy Amplification by Public Discussion
- Author
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Bennett, Charles H., primary, Brassard, Gilles, additional, and Robert, Jean-Marc, additional
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- 1988
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207. Impact of five task-related factors on the choice of a vocal or a manual input modality
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Robert, Jean-Marc, primary, Fiset, Jean-Yves, additional, and Bergeron, Gilles, additional
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- 1989
- Full Text
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208. Interactions humain-ordinateur porté via des interfaces diffuses.
- Author
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Plouznikoff, Nicolas and Robert, Jean-Marc
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- 2006
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209. Bioelectric input devices.
- Author
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Aubin, François and Robert, Jean-Marc
- Published
- 1992
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210. Review of visual clutter and its effects on pilot performance: A new look at past research.
- Author
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Doyon-Poulin, Philippe, Robert, Jean-Marc, and Ouellette, Benoit
- Abstract
A display can appear cluttered because it shows a lot of information, the information is irrelevant for the task at hand or the information is poorly organized. In this paper, we review past research on pilot's performance under various levels of visual clutter. We found that this research lacks a common rationale to manipulate clutter and we suggest such a rationale. We show that models defining clutter as the number of elements shown on the display fail to explain recent empirical results where displays with minimal clutter do not give the best technical flight performance. The paper ends with three suggestions to de-clutter a display. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2012
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211. LEARNING A COMPUTER SYSTEM BY UNASSISTED EXPLORATION
- Author
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Robert, Jean-Marc
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- 1987
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212. Système de listes de vérification interactives du niveau de conformité des maquettes avec les recommandations des fabricants de plateformes mobiles
- Author
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Ghezzal, Nadir, Potvin, Jean-Yves, and Robert, Jean-Marc
- Subjects
Check lists ,mobile platforms ,site web interactif ,plateformes mobiles ,interactive web site ,Listes de vérification ,recommandations ergonomiques ,ergonomic recommendations - Abstract
La demande d'applications pour les plateformes mobiles a explosé ces dernières années. Chaque compagnie souhaite maintenant offrir pour ces nouveaux appareils les mêmes services que ceux offerts traditionnellement sur internet. Cependant, ces entreprises n'ont bien souvent que peu ou pas de connaissances concernant le développement et le déploiement de tels services. Généralement, la solution choisie consiste à externaliser ce travail en le sous-traitant à une autre compagnie. Dans ce contexte, il est souvent compliqué de s'assurer d'une part que le sous-traitant respecte le cahier des charges et d'autre part que le travail fourni est conforme aux recommandations émises par les fabricants des plateformes mobiles. Afin de pallier au second problème, nous avons créé un système de listes de vérification interactives pour plateformes mobiles. Ce système permet d'évaluer le niveau de conformité des différents composants de l'interface d'une application développée pour une plateforme mobile avec les recommandations du fabricant de cette plateforme. La solution retenue permet de se concentrer sur certains éléments particuliers de l'interface et pallie ainsi aux limites des listes de vérification classiques qui sont souvent trop longues et peu pratiques. La solution retenue offre de plus la possibilité de comparer facilement les caractéristiques des plateformes mobiles entre elles. Pour réaliser ce système, nous avons consulté de nombreux documents portant sur l'univers des plateformes mobiles afin de mieux appréhender leurs spécificités. Suite à l'étude de différentes plateformes, deux d’entre elles, soit iOS et BlackBerry, ont été retenues (il faut noter que la compagnie où s'est effectuée la recherche disposait déjà d'applications pour ces plateformes). Nous avons ensuite analysé plus finement la documentation technique fournie par chacun des fabricants afin d'en extraire les points importants. Afin que les données soient comparables, nous avons créé une nomenclature commune regroupant les composants de l'interface graphique en grandes familles (ex. : barres, saisie d'information, …) en tenant compte également du type d'interaction avec l'appareil (ex. : écran tactile). Nous avons ensuite conçu une solution permettant d'évaluer le niveau de conformité d'une application. L'idée retenue se base sur des listes de vérification permettant de systématiser le processus d'évaluation. Pour pallier aux limites de ces listes, souvent trop longues, nous permettons à l'utilisateur, via un ensemble de filtres, de se concentrer sur un sous-ensemble de composants de l’interface qu'il souhaite évaluer. L'implémentation de cette solution a été réalisée en totalité grâce à des technologies libres et de standard ouvert. De cette façon, nous nous sommes assurés de la portabilité de la solution développée et de l’absence de coûts supplémentaires liés à l'achat de licences. Le système utilise les standards web et repose sur une architecture basée sur le système d'exploitation GNU/Linux, le serveur web Apache, la base de données MySQL et le langage de scripts PHP. Ces logiciels ont déjà fait leurs preuves aussi bien pour les entreprises que pour les particuliers. De plus, la communauté très active qui s'est constituée autour de ces logiciels assure un bon support et une grande stabilité. Après avoir fait le choix de l’environnement de développement, la phase d'implémentation s'est ensuite déroulée en plusieurs étapes. Tout d'abord, l'information a été structurée selon la nomenclature mentionnée plus haut afin de créer le schéma de la base de données. Ensuite, toutes les pages ont été codées avec le langage à balises HTML et les scripts PHP pour le côté serveur et avec JavaScript pour le côté client. Enfin, l'information peut être affichée grâce aux feuilles de style en cascade (CSS), une technologie web permettant de séparer le fond de la forme en matière de mise en page. Nous avons choisi un modèle de développement itératif qui a impliqué les principaux utilisateurs dès les premières étapes de la conception du système. Cette implication s’est poursuivie jusqu’à la fin du projet afin de s'assurer que les fonctionnalités mises en place répondaient aux attentes. L’architecture modulaire qui a été retenue permet également d’adapter facilement le système aux besoins futurs. Afin de mieux comprendre comment on utilise le système, on passe en revue les différentes étapes nécessaires à la réalisation d'une évaluation. Enfin, on a réalisé une étude avec quatre utilisateurs pour évaluer l'utilisabilité du système et recueillir leur niveau de satisfaction., The need for mobile platforms has increased in the last decade. Companies offering traditional internet services now want to move their applications on these new devices. But, most of the time, these companies do not really have the knowledge to create such applications and often ask a third party company to do the job for them. In this context, it is difficult to evaluate if the solution developed follows the recommendations of the device maker. A system based on interactive check lists has thus been created for this purpose. This system enables the evaluation of the conformity level of an application with the recommendations of the device maker, thanks to numerous filters that let the user focus on specific parts of the graphic interface. The idea behind the project was first to address some problematic issues with classical check lists and to enable the comparison of several mobile platforms with regard to specific interface components. To create this system, a lot of information about mobile platforms has first been collected. After reviewing many mobile platforms, it was decided to focus on iOS and BlackBerry, since the company where the research was performed had already applications running on them. For each platform, the major recommandations to be satisfied were identified. Also, to be sure that the extracted recommendations could be compared, a common nomenclature has been created, where the recommandations are grouped by interface components (ex: bars, data input,…) and by the type of interaction (ex: touch screen). After these preliminary steps, a solution for evaluating the level of compliance was created. We favored a check list approach because it offers a systematic evaluation process. To avoid lists of excessive length, filters were introduced in the system to allow the user to focus on particular aspects of the interface. The implementation was totally realized with open source technologies and open standards. This choice was motivated by the portability of the developed system and by the absence of licence fees. The system relies on web standards and runs on an architecture made of the CNU/Linux operating system, Apache web server, MySQL database and the script language PHP. This software has already proven its reliability for enterprises and for home users. Furthermore, the community evolving around this software offers a good support and ensures a high level of stability. After setting up the development environment, the implementation phase was engaged and took place over a number of phases. The first phase was the creation of the database structure, using the aforementioned nomenclature. The next phase was dedicated to the coding of the different web pages, thanks to the tag language HTML and the PHP scripts on the server side and JavaScript on the client side. Finally, the web page setting was developed using the cascading style sheet (CSS), a web technology that segregates the substance from the style of the web content. We chose an iterative development model where the end users were involved from the early stages of the project. This approach provides a guarantee that the user requirements are fulfilled and that any new developments will be in accordance with the expectations. Furthermore, the system is such that it can be easily modified to tackle future needs. To be able to understand how we use the systeme, we are reviewing the different steps needed to realise an evaluation. Finally, we have made a study with four users to evaluate the usability of the system and to gather their satisfaction level., L'ensemble de mon travail a été réalisé grâce a l'utilisation de logiciel libre.
- Published
- 2012
213. Prospective ergonomics for the design of future things.
- Author
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Robert JM and Brangier E
- Abstract
This position paper gives an overview of the field of Prospective Ergonomics (PE) for the design of future products, services, processes, and systems. It presents its definition, links with innovation, characteristics, origin, history, goal, supports, and methods to help people imagine the future. In recent years, PE has been rediscovered, actualised and repositioned to give it greater scope and visibility, and stimulate research, training and professional practice in ergonomics for the design of future things. PE is an ergonomic intervention mode, on a par with Corrective ergonomics and Design ergonomics, upstream of design projects, where the ergonomist is proactive in anticipating or constructing future user needs and in creating future artefacts. PE is supported by four main fields of study: Ergonomics, Prospective, Future-Oriented Cognition, and Creativity, which ensures it is guided by three key principles: human-centred, future-oriented, and focused on creativity for innovation. PE expands the scope of ergonomics by going beyond the design of interactions with artefacts and including the creation of these artefacts in the first place. This has major impacts on research, training, and professional practice in ergonomics because we need new knowledge to work efficiently on the future, training should be enhanced in prospective, innovation, and new product development, and the professional practice is enriched by a new set of activities. In the conclusion we propose future research directions to pursue the development of PE.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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