681 results on '"Ringler P"'
Search Results
202. Seismic Background Noise Levels across the Continental United States from USArray Transportable Array: The Influence of Geology and Geography.
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Anthony, Robert E., Ringler, Adam T., and Wilson, David C.
- Abstract
Since 2004, the most complete estimate of background noise levels across the continental United States was attained using 61 broadband seismic stations to calculate power spectral density (PSD) probability density functions. To improve seismic noise estimates across the United States, we examine vertical component seismic data from the EarthScope USArray Transportable Array seismic network that rolled across the United States and southeastern Canada between 2004 and 2015 and form a large (10 TB) PSD database from 1679 stations that contains no smoothing or binning of the spectral estimates. Including station outages, our database has a mean of 98.9% data completeness, and we present maps showing the spatial and temporal variability of seismic noise in six bands of interest between 0.2 and 75 s period. At 0.2 s period, seismic noise across the eastern United States is predominantly anthropogenically generated and may be subsequently amplified more than 20 decibels in the sandy and water-saturated sediments of the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain and Mississippi Embayment. In these sediments, 1 s noise shows similar amplification and is generated through a variety of mechanisms across the United States including cultural activity throughout Kentucky and the southeastern Appalachian Mountains, lake waves around the Great Lakes, and ocean waves throughout New England, the Pacific Northwest, and Florida. Both 0.2 and 1 s noise levels are the lowest in the Intermountain West portion of the United States. We attribute this to a combination of installations on crystalline rocks and reduced population density. Finally, we find that sensors emplaced in sandy, water-saturated sediments observe median, diurnal variations in vertical component power at 18-75 s period, which we infer arise through local deformation driven by pressure variations. Ultimately, our results underscore that for shallow (<5 m depth) sensor installation, bedrock provides superior broadband noise performance compared to unconsolidated sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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203. Fully vaccinated children are rare: Immunization coverage and seroprevalence in Austrian school children
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Ringler, Markus, Göbel, Georg, Möst, Johannes, and Weithaler, Kurt
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- 2003
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204. Key role of the GITR/GITRLigand pathway in the development of murine autoimmune diabetes: a potential therapeutic target.
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Sylvaine You, Lynn Poulton, Steve Cobbold, Chih-Pin Liu, Michael Rosenzweig, Douglas Ringler, Wen-Hui Lee, Berta Segovia, Jean-François Bach, Herman Waldmann, and Lucienne Chatenoud
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The cross-talk between pathogenic T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells (Tregs) plays a major role in the progression of autoimmune diseases. Our objective is to identify molecules and/or pathways involved in this interaction and representing potential targets for innovative therapies. Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) and its ligand are key players in the T effector/Treg interaction. GITR is expressed at low levels on resting T cells and is significantly up-regulated upon activation. Constitutive high expression of GITR is detected only on Tregs. GITR interacts with its ligand mainly expressed on antigen presenting cells and endothelial cells. It has been suggested that GITR triggering activates effector T lymphocytes while inhibiting Tregs thus contributing to the amplification of immune responses. In this study, we examined the role of GITR/GITRLigand interaction in the progression of autoimmune diabetes.Treatment of 10-day-old non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, which spontaneously develop diabetes, with an agonistic GITR-specific antibody induced a significant acceleration of disease onset (80% at 12 weeks of age). This activity was not due to a decline in the numbers or functional capacity of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs but rather to a major activation of 'diabetogenic' T cells. This conclusion was supported by results showing that anti-GITR antibody exacerbates diabetes also in CD28(-/-) NOD mice, which lack Tregs. In addition, treatment of NOD mice, infused with the diabetogenic CD4(+)BDC2.5 T cell clone, with GITR-specific antibody substantially increased their migration, proliferation and activation within the pancreatic islets and draining lymph nodes. As a mirror image, blockade of the GITR/GITRLigand pathway using a neutralizing GITRLigand-specific antibody significantly protected from diabetes even at late stages of disease progression. Experiments using the BDC2.5 T cell transfer model suggested that the GITRLigand antibody acted by limiting the homing and proliferation of pathogenic T cells in pancreatic lymph nodes.GITR triggering plays an important costimulatory role on diabetogenic T cells contributing to the development of autoimmune responses. Therefore, blockade of the GITR/GITRLigand pathway appears as a novel promising clinically oriented strategy as GITRLigand-specific antibody applied at an advanced stage of disease progression can prevent overt diabetes.
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- 2009
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205. Teachers’ Perceptions of their Preparation for Teaching Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Learners in Rural Eastern North Carolina
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Debra D. O'Neal, Marjorie Ringler, and Diane Rodriguez
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Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 - Abstract
The number of English language learners (ELL) students in the US is increasing dramatically. The growth is even more evident in rural areas of the United States such as North Carolina where teachers are facing classrooms with a majority of second language learners. The authors conducted a study interviewing 24 teachers at a rural elementary school in eastern North Carolina. Teachers were interviewed regarding their perceptions of their preparedness to teach English language learners in the mainstream classrooms. Findings revealed that teacher training programs have not prepared these individuals for the student population they face today regardless of the year in which they received their teaching licenses. All teachers showed a strong desire to learn more at this time in their careers, but emphasized their lack of prior training. The study found that even though teachers lacked confidence, they were effectively educating this growing population. The authors discuss the responsibility of Institutions of Higher Education (IHE) to provide formal education in teaching students from diverse language backgrounds.
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- 2008
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206. Towards a model predicting cutting forces and surface quality in routing layered boards
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Mckenzie, W. M., Ko, P., Cvitkovic, R., and Ringler, M.
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- 2001
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207. An unusual outbreak of erysipelas on a goat farm in Pennsylvania.
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Palm, Heather A., Thirumalapura, Nagaraja R., Boger, Lore A., and Ringler, Stephanie R.
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GOAT farming ,BLADDER ,AUTOPSY ,MASS spectrometry ,SEPSIS ,LUNGS ,UMBILICAL arteries - Abstract
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection and septicemia occurred in a 5-d old Boer goat found dead on a farm in western Pennsylvania. On autopsy, there was moderate, focally extensive hemorrhage along the remnants of the urachus and umbilical arteries and the apex of the urinary bladder. Microscopic examination of immunohistochemical stained tissues revealed abundant intracellular and extracellular E. rhusiopathiae antigen–positive bacilli in all tissues stained, including lung, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, and thymus. Bacteria isolated from liver and urachus were identified as E. rhusiopathiae by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and further confirmed by a PCR assay. An epidemiologic investigation was conducted via an on-farm questionnaire after the owners noted a 70% mortality rate from the 2019 kidding season. The epidemiologic investigation showed that E. rhusiopathiae, an opportunistic zoonotic organism, was introduced to the farm through a breach in biosecurity and was likely perpetuated among the resident poultry species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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208. What role can information play in improved equity in Pakistan's irrigation system? Evidence from an experimental game in Punjab
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Andrew Reid. Bell, M. Azeem A. Shah, Arif Anwar, and Claudia Ringler
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framed field experiment ,irrigation ,Pakistan ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
The Indus Basin Irrigation System suffers significant inequity in access to surface water across its millions of users. Information, i.e., monitoring and reporting of water availability, may be of value in improving conditions across the basin, and we investigated this via an experimental game of water distribution in Punjab, Pakistan. We found evidence that flow information allowed players to take more effective action to target overuse, and that overall activities that might bring social disapproval were reduced with information. However, we did not find any overall improvement in equity across the system, suggesting that information on its own might not be sufficient to lead to better water distribution among irrigators.
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- 2015
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209. High resolution cryo-EM structure of urease from the pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica
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Righetto, R.D., primary, Anton, L., additional, Adaixo, R., additional, Jakob, R., additional, Zivanov, J., additional, Mahi, M.A., additional, Ringler, P., additional, Schwede, T., additional, Maier, T., additional, and Stahlberg, H., additional
- Published
- 2020
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210. L-Arginine reduces downstream vascular contractility after flow-diverting device deployment: A preliminary study in a rabbit model
- Author
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Ayers-Ringler, Jennifer, Kolumam Parameswaran, Praveen, Khashim, Zenith, Dai, Daying, Ding, Yong-Hong, Kallmes, David F, and Kadirvel, Ramanathan
- Abstract
Background Flow diverters (FDs) are an effective treatment for intracranial aneurysms, though not free from hemorrhagic complications. A previous study demonstrated increased vascular contractility after FD-implantation as a potential mechanism of distal complications. Our study aimed to investigate whether L-arginine medication affects vascular contractility following FD deployment in a rabbit model.Methods FDs were implanted in the aorta of normal rabbits (+FD, n = 10), with sham-operated aorta as controls (n = 5). L-Arginine was given in the drinking water (2.25% L-arginine hydrochloride) of half of the +FD animals (+FD/+Arg). Force contraction vascular contractility studies were performed on the aortic rings proximal and distal to the FD using an organ bath. Total eNOS, eNOS(pS1177), eNOS(pT495), COX-2, and S100A4 were quantified by western analysis on total protein lysates from aortic segments, normalizing to GAPDH.Results Mean vascular contractility was 53% higher in distal relative to proximal aortic segments (P = 0.0038) in +FD animals, but were not significantly different in +FD/+Arg animals, or in sham-operated controls. The +FD animals expressed significantly reduced levels of eNOS(pS1177) than sham-operated controls (P = 0.0335), while both the +FD and +FD/+Arg groups had reduced levels of eNOS(pT495) relative to sham-operated controls (P = 0.0331 and P = 0.0311, respectively).Conclusion These results suggest that L-arginine medication reduces distal vascular contractility after FD treatment via nitric oxide production and thus might mitigate risk for downstream complications.
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- 2022
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211. Reduction mammaplasty: A safe and effective outpatient procedure
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Short, Kimberly K., Ringler, Steven L., Bengtson, Bradley P., Hunstad, Joseph P., and Henry, Elizabeth
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- 1996
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212. Ischiofemoral impingement syndrome provoked by labor: An unusual case of complete sciatic mononeuropathy
- Author
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Saw, Jacqui-Lyn, Hale, Jeremy, Madhavan, Ajay, Ringler, Michael D, Toledano, Michel, and Naddaf, Elie
- Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies are a recognized complication of labor in the post-partum period. Herein, we describe an uncommon presentation of sciatic mononeuropathy due to ischiofemoral impingement during labor. A 29-year-old, gravida 4 para 2, female presented post-partum with acute left lower limb paresthesia and left foot drop, following spontaneous vaginal delivery of twins. Neurological examination demonstrated no activation of the left sciatic-innervated muscles and sensory loss in the same distribution. Electromyography (EMG) demonstrated an acute complete left sciatic mononeuropathy. MRI of the lumbosacral plexus and sciatic nerve showed a narrowed quadratus femoris space with mild edema of the muscle, consistent with ischiofemoral impingement syndrome. In addition, there was flattening of the sciatic nerve as it passed through the ischiofemoral space. She was treated conservatively, and at 7-month follow-up, there was marked improvement in muscle strength with ongoing sensory impairment. Repeat EMG demonstrated reinnervation in all sciatic-innervated muscles. This case highlights the risk of a sciatic mononeuropathy secondary to ischiofemoral impingement in the peripartum setting. Future studies are needed to determine if women with a narrow ischiofemoral space at baseline are at increased risk for peripheral nerve injury during labor.
- Published
- 2023
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213. Idealisierung von Schwangerschaft, Geburt und postparteler Periode
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Ringler, M.
- Published
- 1993
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214. SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENT OF HIGH-FREQUENCY ELECTRIC FIELDS IN A PLASMA BY OBSERVATION OF TWO-QUANTUM TRANSITIONS AND SPECTRAL LINE SHIFTS
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Cooper, William S. and Ringler, Heinz.
- Published
- 1968
215. Lineage-associated connexin 43 expression in bisphosphonate-exposed rat bones.
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Preidl, Raimund H.M., Amann, Kerstin, Weber, Manuel, Schiller, Martin, Ringler, Manuela, Ries, Jutta, Neukam, Friedrich W., Kesting, Marco, Geppert, Carol-Immanuel, and Wehrhan, Falk
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CONNEXIN 43 ,GTPASE-activating protein ,ANIMAL disease models ,NEURAL crest ,BONE cells ,DENTAL extraction ,MAXILLOFACIAL surgery - Abstract
Expression of signaling proteins in bone cells depends on their embryological mesoderm-derived (e.g. tibia) or cranial neural crest (CNC)-derived (e.g. jaw) origin. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a gap junction protein that plays an essential role in the mode of action of bisphosphonates (BP). This study aimed to investigate Cx43 expression and the influence of BP application on mesoderm- and CNC-derived bone. Using a rat model, molar extraction and tibia osteotomy with (Group 4) or without (Group 3) previous BP application was performed. Untreated (Group 1) and animals selectively treated with BPs (Group 2) served as controls. Cx43 expression was immunohistochemically determined 12 and 16 weeks postoperatively via a labeling index. Cx43 expression in CNC-derived bone was significantly higher compared with mesodermal bone. BP application decreased Cx43 expression; however, detected expression levels were still higher in jawbone (Group 2 tibia vs jaw: 5.83 ± 5.06 vs 23.52 ± 6.42; p = 0.007). During bone healing after surgical intervention (Group 3) there were no expression differences between tibia and jawbone. BP treatment prior to surgery resulted in significantly lower Cx43 expression in CNC-derived compared with tibia bone (Group 4 tibia vs jaw: 56.84 ± 15.57 vs 16.40 ± 5.66; p < 0.01). Increased Cx43 expression in jaw compared with tibia bone is in line with their embryological origins. A significant Cx43 suppression in jawbone after BP application and surgery might contribute to the selectively altered osseous turnover and development of MRONJ in CNC-derived bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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216. Psychosomatic aspects of galactorrhea
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Langer, M., Fiegl, J., Riegel, V., Prohaska, R., Kubista, E., and Ringler, M.
- Published
- 1991
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217. Reply to the Letter to the Editor: Mid-America Orthopaedic Association Physician in Training Award: Surgical Technique: Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: A Technique to Aid Closed Reduction
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Herzog, Mary A., Oliver, Shelley M., Ringler, James R., Jones, Clifford B., and Sietsema, Debra L.
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- 2014
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218. Neurologic Effects of Gadolinium Retention in the Brain after Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent Administration
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Ayers-Ringler, Jennifer, McDonald, Jennifer S., Connors, Margaret A., Fisher, Cody R., Han, Susie, Jakaitis, Daniel R., Scherer, Bradley, Tutor, Gabriel, Wininger, Katheryn M., Dai, Daying, Choi, Doo-Sup, Salisbury, Jeffrey L., Jannetto, Paul J., Bornhorst, Joshua A., Kadirvel, Ram, Kallmes, David F., and McDonald, Robert J.
- Abstract
There was no evidence of differences in clinical or histopathologic neurotoxicity parameters between rats exposed to supradiagnostic human dose equivalents of commercially available gadolinium-based contrast agents and saline-exposed rats.
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- 2022
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219. A Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program to Improve Perioperative Efficiency in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
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Raman, Divya L., Bixby, Elise C., Wang, Kevin, Rossi, Danielle, Ringler, Jennifer, Wiggins, Danielle A., Arora, Sushrut, Delfin, Jema, Guida, SarahJane, McLeod, Lisa, and Vitale, Michael G.
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- 2022
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220. A Clinical Evaluation of Cone-beam Computed Tomography: Implications for Endodontic Microsurgery.
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Kopacz, Molly, Neal, John J., Suffridge, Calvin, Webb, Terry D., Mathys, Jason, Brooks, Daniel, and Ringler, Gregory
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CONE beam computed tomography ,MEDICAL personnel ,ENDODONTICS ,MICROSURGERY ,DENTAL arch ,SURGICAL site - Abstract
Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging is a valuable diagnostic tool for endodontics. Some studies report that CBCT images have limitations in representing the true clinical presentation. This prospective, in vivo study compared limited field of view (LFOV) CBCT measurements with clinical measurements made during endodontic surgery. Eighty-seven subjects requiring endodontic surgery and LFOV CBCT acquisition of the surgical site were enrolled. Data collection involved clinicians answering standardized questions during the radiographic and surgical assessment. Intraoperatively, data were collected and photographically documented. Postoperatively, CBCT scans were evaluated by 3 calibrated, board-certified specialists: 2 endodontists and 1 oral and maxillofacial radiologist. The 2 subsets of data were compared through statistical analysis to quantify their relationship. The subjects included 65 maxillary and 29 mandibular teeth from 87 subjects: 25 women and 62 men with an average age of 42 years old. The CBCT evaluators correctly identified the presence or absence of buccal plate fenestrations with 91.0% accuracy (95% confidence interval, 83.1–96.0) with 89.4% sensitivity and 92.9% specificity. The area of fenestrations measured clinically (mean = 19.6 ± 33.4 mm
2 ) was generally larger than the area measured by CBCT imaging (mean across CBCT evaluators = 12.2 ± 19.1 mm2 ). Fenestration size in the maxillary arch was more likely to be underestimated than in the mandibular arch (P <.0001). Vertical bone height was also underestimated when measured on CBCT imaging. Based on the findings of this study, LFOV CBCT imaging accurately identifies the presence or absence of buccal plate fenestrations, yet, when a fenestration is present, underestimates its area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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221. Rayleigh-Wave Amplitude Uncertainty across the Global Seismographic Network and Potential Implications for Global Tomography.
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Ringler, Adam T., Anthony, Robert E., Dalton, Colleen A., and Wilson, David C.
- Abstract
The Global Seismographic Network (GSN) is a multiuse, globally distributed seismic network used by seismologists, to both characterize earthquakes and study the Earth's interior. Most stations in the network have two collocated broadband seismometers, which enable network operators to identify potential metadata and sensor issues. In this study, we investigate the accuracy with which surface waves can be measured across the GSN, by comparing waveforms of vertical-component Rayleigh waves from M
w 6 and larger events between collocated sensor pairs. We calculate both the amplitude deviation and correlation coefficient between waveforms at sensor pairs. In total, we make measurements on over 670,000 event-station pairs from events that occurred from 1 January 2010 to 1 January 2020. We find that the average sensor-pair amplitude deviation, and, therefore, GSN calibration level, is, approximately, 4% in the 25-250 s period band. Although, we find little difference in sensor-pair amplitude deviations as a function of period across the entire network, the amount of useable data decreases rapidly as a function of increasing period. For instance, we determined that just over 12% of records at 250 s period provided useable recordings (e.g., sensor-pair amplitude deviations of less than 20% and sensor-pair correlation greater than 0.95). We then use these amplitude-estimate deviations to identify how data coverage and quality could be limiting our ability to invert for whole Earth 3D attenuation models. We find an increase in the variance of our attenuation models with increasing period. For example, our degree 12 attenuation inversion at 250 s period shows 32% more variance than our degree 12 attenuation model at 25 s. This indicates that discrepancies of deep-mantle tomography between studies could be the result of these large uncertainties. Because these high uncertainties arise from limited, high-quality observations of long-period (>100 s) surface waves, improving data quality at remote GSN sites could greatly improve ray-path coverage, and facilitate more accurate and higher resolution models of deep Earth structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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222. Imaging streptavidin 2D crystals on biotinylated lipid monolayers at high resolution with the atomic force microscope
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SCHEURING, S., MÜLLER, D. J., RINGLER, P., HEYMANN, J. B., and ENGEL, A.
- Published
- 1999
223. Addressing gender inequalities and strengthening women's agency to create more climate-resilient and sustainable food systems.
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Bryan, Elizabeth, Alvi, Muzna, Huyer, Sophia, and Ringler, Claudia
- Abstract
Climate change affects every aspect of the food system, including all nodes along agri-food value chains from production to consumption, the food environments in which people live, and outcomes, such as diets and livelihoods. Men and women often have specific roles and responsibilities within food systems, yet structural inequalities (formal and informal) limit women's access to resources, services, and agency. These inequalities affect the ways in which men and women experience and are affected by climate change. In addition to gender, other social factors are at play, such as age, education, marital status, and health and economic conditions. To date, most climate change policies, investments, and interventions do not adequately integrate gender. If climate-smart and climate-resilient interventions do not adequately take gender differences into account, they might exacerbate gender inequalities in food systems by, for instance, increasing women's labor burden and time poverty, reducing their access to and control over income and assets, and reducing their decision-making power. At the same time, women's contributions are critical to make food systems more resilient to the negative impacts of climate change, given their specialized knowledge, skills and roles in agri-food systems, within the household, at work and in their communities. Increasing the resilience of food systems requires going beyond addressing gendered vulnerabilities to climate change to create an enabling environment that supports gender equality and women's empowerment, by removing structural barriers and rigid gender norms, and building equal power dynamics, as part of a process of gender transformative change. For this to happen, more research is needed to prioritize structural barriers that need to be removed and to identify effective gender transformative approaches. • The body of literature on gender and climate change has grown substantially over the past decade. • The literature highlights gender inequalities in vulnerability, climate actions and decisions, and well-being outcomes. • Most climate change policies and interventions do not adequately address gender inequalities, despite some progress. • Potential approaches have emerged to enhance women's contribution to agri-food system resilience under climate change. • More research and evidence are needed to identify climate actions and approaches that also promote social transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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224. Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of the Prolonged Courtship in Brilliant-Thighed Poison Frogs, Allobates femoralis
- Author
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Stückler, Susanne, Ringler, Max, Pašukonis, Andrius, Weinlein, Steffen, Hödl, Walter, and Ringler, Eva
- Abstract
AbstractProlonged and complex courtship behaviors, involving tactile, acoustic, and visual signals, are common in Neotropical poison frogs (Dendrobatidae). Courtship is an important precursor to mating, but courtship components vary across species. In Brilliant-Thighed Poison Frogs (Allobates femoralis[Boulenger 1883]), males guide females to oviposition sites in a so-called “courtship march.” The courtship duration in A. femoralisis among the longest known in poison frogs. To gain insights into the functions of courtship, we observed 29 courtship events in an A. femoralispopulation in French Guiana. In addition, we observed multiple courtships of 7 males to assess intra- and interindividual variations in courtship behavior. We recorded temporal, spatial, and behavioral characteristics of courtship and searched for previously deposited clutches in the males' territories. Courtships started in the afternoon and ended on the following morning. During courtship, pairs moved an average of 19 m within an area of about 6 m2. Twenty-seven out of 29 courtships (93.1%) resulted in successful oviposition, indicating that females rarely reject males once engaged in courtship. Contrary to previous studies of A. femoralis, the spatial and temporal extent of the courtship march did not correlate with the size of a male's territory. Our results indicate that females do not evaluate male quality during courtship but might need an extended courtship phase to verify territory ownership of the courting male and to stimulate ovulation. The prolonged courtship might also be beneficial for spatial learning by females, allowing them to find clutches again in cases of mate loss. Temporal and spatial characteristics vary considerably within and among individuals, and males do not use the same routes in consecutive courtships. However, they probably show females previous clutches. Several courtship traits in our study population differ from A. femoraliscourtship previously described from Peru and Brazil, indicating that dendrobatid courtship is variable among populations.
- Published
- 2019
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225. Perspective: The Importance of Water Security for Ensuring Food Security, Good Nutrition, and Well-being
- Author
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Young, Sera L, Frongillo, Edward A, Jamaluddine, Zeina, Melgar-Quiñonez, Hugo, Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael, Ringler, Claudia, and Rosinger, Asher Y
- Abstract
Water security is a powerful concept that is still in its early days in the field of nutrition. Given the prevalence and severity of water issues and the many interconnections between water and nutrition, we argue that water security deserves attention commensurate with its importance to human nutrition and health. To this end, we first give a brief introduction to water insecurity and discuss its conceptualization in terms of availability, access, use, and stability. We then lay out the empirical grounding for its assessment. Parallels to the food-security literature are drawn throughout, both because the concepts are analogous and food security is familiar to the nutrition community. Specifically, we review the evolution of scales to measure water and food security and compare select characteristics. We then review the burgeoning evidence for the causes and consequences of water insecurity and conclude with 4 recommendations: 1) collect more water-insecurity data (i.e., on prevalence, causes, consequences, and intervention impacts); 2) collect better data on water insecurity (i.e., measure it concurrently with food security and other nutritional indicators, measure intrahousehold variation, and establish baseline indicators of both water and nutrition before interventions are implemented); 3) consider food and water issues jointly in policy and practice (e.g., establish linkages and possibilities for joint interventions, recognize the environmental footprint of nutritional guidelines, strengthen the nutrition sensitivity of water-management practices, and use experience-based scales for improving governance and regulation across food and water systems); and 4) make findings easily available so that they can be used by the media, community organizations, and other scientists for advocacy and in governance (e.g., tracking progress towards development goals and holding implementers accountable). As recognition of the importance of water security grows, we hope that so too will the prioritization of water in nutrition research, funding, and policy.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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226. Magnetic Field Variations in Alaska: Recording Space Weather Events on Seismic Stations in Alaska.
- Author
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Ringler, Adam T., Anthony, Robert E., Wilson, David C., Claycomb, Abram C., and Spritzer, John
- Abstract
Seismometers are highly sensitive instruments to not only ground motion but also many other nonseismic noise sources (e.g., temperature, pressure, and magnetic field variations). We show that the Alaska component of the Transportable Array is particularly susceptible to recording magnetic storms and other space weather events because the sensors used in this network are unshielded and magnetic flux variations are stronger at higher latitudes. We also show that vertical-component seismic records across Alaska are directly recording magnetic field variations between 40 and 800 s period as opposed to actual ground motion during geomagnetic events with sensitivities ranging from 0.004 to 0.48(m/s²)/T. These sensitivities were found on a day where the root mean square variation in the magnetic field was 225 nT. Using a method developed by Forbriger (2007, his section 3.1), we show that improving vertical seismic resolution of an unshielded sensor by as much as 10 dB in the 100-400 s period band using magnetic data from a collocated three-component magnetometer is possible. However, due to large spatial variations in Earth's magnetic field, this methodology becomes increasingly ineffective as the distance between the seismometer and magnetometer increases (no more than 200 km separation). A potential solution to this issue may be to incorporate relatively low-cost magnetometers as an additional environmental data stream at high-latitude seismic stations. We demonstrate that the Bartington Mag-690 sensors currently deployed at Global Seismographic Network sites are not only acceptable for performing corrections to seismic data, but are also capable of recording many magnetic field signals with similar signal-to-noise ratios, in the 20-1000 s period band, as the observatory grade magnetometers operated by the U.S. Geological Survey Geomagnetism Program. This approach would densify magnetic field observations and could also contribute to space weather monitoring by supplementing highly calibrated magnetometers with additional sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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227. Changes in Nature's Balance Sheet: Model-based Estimates of Future Worldwide Ecosystem Services
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Joseph Alcamo, Detlef van Vuuren, Claudia Ringler, Wolfgang Cramer, Toshihiko Masui, Jacqueline Alder, and Kerstin Schulze
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ecosystem services ,environmental scenario analysis ,global ecosystems ,global environment ,global natural resources ,global scenarios ,integrated assessment ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Four quantitative scenarios are presented that describe changes in worldwide ecosystem services up to 2050-2100. A set of soft-linked global models of human demography, economic development, climate, and biospheric processes are used to quantify these scenarios. The global demand for ecosystem services substantially increases up to 2050: cereal consumption by a factor of 1.5 to 1.7, fish consumption (up to the 2020s) by a factor of 1.3 to 1.4, water withdrawals by a factor of 1.3 to 2.0, and biofuel production by a factor of 5.1 to 11.3. The ranges for these estimates reflect differences between the socio-economic assumptions of the scenarios. In all simulations, Sub-Saharan Africa continues to lag behind other parts of the world. Although the demand side of these scenarios presents an overall optimistic view of the future, the supply side is less optimistic: the risk of higher soil erosion (especially in Sub-Saharan Africa) and lower water availability (especially in the Middle East) could slow down an increase in food production. Meanwhile, increasing wastewater discharges during the same period, especially in Latin America (factor of 2 to 4) and Sub-Saharan Africa (factor of 3.6 to 5.6) could interfere with the delivery of freshwater services. Marine fisheries (despite the growth of aquaculture) may not have the ecological capacity to provide for the increased global demand for fish. Our simulations also show an intensification of present tradeoffs between ecosystem services, e.g., expansion of agricultural land (between 2000 and 2050) may be one of the main causes of a 10%-20% loss of total current grassland and forest land and the ecosystem services associated with this land (e.g., genetic resources, wood production, habitat for terrestrial biota and fauna). The scenarios also show that certain hot-spot regions may experience especially rapid changes in ecosystem services: the central part of Africa, southern Asia, and the Middle East. In general, the scenarios show a positive balance of increasing services, especially in developing countries, and a negative balance of increasing risks and tradeoffs of services. The challenge, then, is dealing with these risks so as to avoid a future curtailment of ecosystem services.
- Published
- 2005
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228. Einsatz von Thermolumineszenzdosimetern (TLD) zur prätherapeutischen Dosisabschätzung bei der Lu-177-Therapie – Möglichkeiten und Limits
- Author
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Ringler, R., Pöllmann, A., Ritt, P., Kuwert, T., and Grings, A.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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229. Brain imaging of analgesic and antihyperalgesic effects by cyclooxygenase inhibition in an experimental human pain model: a functional MRI-study
- Author
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Maihöfner, C., Ringler, R., Herrendobler, F., Seifert, F., and Koppert, W.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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230. Fate of C and N of pre-treated organic amendments in soil
- Author
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CHAVEZ-RICO, Vania Scarlet, BODELIER, Paul L.E., VAN EEKERT, Miriam H.A., SECHI, Valentina, CIOCAN, Valeriu, KEUNING, Eline, MALAGON-MENDOZA, Noé, RINGLER, Dominic, and BUISMAN, Cees
- Abstract
Soil organic amendments (OAs) are used to replenish carbon and nutrients in the soil to prevent its degradation and increase its fertility. While soil can be an important carbon sink, it can also release significant amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Different OA pre-treatment technologies indirectly affect soil aggregate formation and carbon stabilisation even when the same initial substrate is used. However, little is known about the long-term effects of OA pre-treatment on the soil carbon and nitrogen associated with macroaggregates, which are known to disintegrate faster than microaggregates. In this study, we studied the effect of OA-pre-treatment on the soil carbon and nitrogen in relation to aggregate formation and GHG emission using five different OAs (i.e., compost, digestate, fermented product, raw substrate, and a 1:1 mix of compost and fermented product) made of the same type of initial substrate. We monitored the changes in a soil column experiment after 6 and 12 months. Our results indicated that the OA pre-treatment can indirectly affect the GHG emission from soil (i.e., carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane). Compost and the mix released less GHG but had no positive impact on macroaggregates, while digestate induced long-lasting macroaggregation and occluded particulate organic matter formation, emitting intermediate levels of GHGs. The raw material exhibited the highest GHG emissions, similar to fermented products, albeit without benefiting macroaggregation. This research demonstrated that OA pre-treatment has a long-lasting indirect effect on soil carbon and nitrogen, influencing total GHG emissions, N2O formation mechanisms and soil macroaggregate formation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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231. Barriers to the uptake of solar-powered irrigation by smallholder farmers in sub-saharan Africa: A review
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Durga, Neha, Schmitter, Petra, Ringler, Claudia, Mishra, Shrishti, Magombeyi, Manuel S., Ofosu, Abena, Pavelic, Paul, Hagos, Fitsum, Melaku, Dagmawi, Verma, Shilp, Minh, Thai, and Matambo, Chamunorwa
- Abstract
Irrigation expansion is critical for agricultural and rural development, food and nutrition security, and climate change adaptation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Lack of accessible energy for irrigation development due to limited off- and on-grid infrastructure and the resulting dependence on costly fuel-based irrigation have been key inhibiting factors for irrigation expansion in the region. Off-grid solar-powered irrigation pumps (SIPs) can overcome many of the energy access and other challenges in the region, but their uptake has been slow. Given the nascent development of the solar irrigation sector in SSA, this paper combines a review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature with key informant interviews to identify systemic barriers to the adoption and growth of solar-powered irrigation. We identify uncovered risks, lack of incentives, and lack of capacity as the key factors limiting the adoption of solar-powered irrigation. Moreover, despite significant global cost reductions, solar-powered irrigation systems remain costly in SSA due to limited market development and geographical constraints. Lack of regulation and low investment in building local institutions and value chains further affect uptake and inhibit leveraging the energy transition for ensuring food security and agriculture-led poverty alleviation in SSA. We propose a move away from thinking of SIPs as “silver bullets” and towards a systems approach and the design of context-specific solutions to address risks, incentives and capacity challenges.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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232. Indications and Evidence for Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Acute Ischemic Stroke.
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Ringler, Jessica, Steck, Mackenzie, Shah, Samarth P., and Chester, Katleen W.
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ANTICOAGULANTS ,ASPIRIN ,CEREBRAL hemorrhage ,COMBINATION drug therapy ,ISCHEMIA ,STROKE ,TRANSIENT ischemic attack ,ABCIXIMAB (Drug) ,ACUTE diseases ,CLOPIDOGREL ,PLATELET aggregation inhibitors ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
The antiplatelet landscape for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke has changed significantly over the past decade. Poststroke dual antiplatelet regimens are becoming increasingly routine as supported by recent literature and guideline recommendations. Dual antiplatelet therapy after stroke generally consists of aspirin and clopidogrel and is considered in the short term after stroke in select populations including those with mild stroke or transient ischemic attack and in patients with severe intracranial atherosclerosis. When initiating dual antiplatelet therapy, factors that may increase a patient's risk of bleeding must be weighed against the patient's risk of future ischemic events. This review focuses on antiplatelet medications available in the United States with the aim to provide a summary of the available literature on poststroke dual antiplatelet therapy, pharmacological nuances of the agents, and reversal of antiplatelets in the setting of intracerebral hemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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233. Nuclear War Education: Teaching the Most Important Academic Subject.
- Author
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Ringler, Dick
- Abstract
The state of nuclear war education in the college curriculum is briefly discussed, and a successful interdisciplinary course is described. Readings are listed for each course emphasis: nuclear science and weapons; consequences of their use; visions and nightmares; paths toward war: language, psychology, and politics; and paths toward peace. (MSE)
- Published
- 1983
234. The Effects of Extra Postpartum Contact and Maternal Speech Patterns on Children's IQs, Speech, and Language Comprehension at Five.
- Author
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Ringler, Norma
- Published
- 1978
235. Tapping Our Resources. ESOL Staff Development Workshop (Spring, 1985).
- Author
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Montgomery County Public Schools, Rockville, MD. Dept. of Adult Education., Ringler, Marlene, and Ruark, Carroll T.
- Abstract
Summaries of the sessions presented at a spring 1985 workshop for teachers in the Montgomery County Public Schools' English for speakers of other languages program include: "The Adult Student--Involving the Learner in the Learning Process" (Ellen Mentzer); "Creative Writing Techniques--Stimulating Language Learning Through Written Expression" (JoAnn Power); "Language Instruction Through Song, Question Cards, and Other Activities That Work" (Rita Portocarrero); "A Task-Oriented Instructional Approach" (Chris Califa); "Dialogue Journals--Trends and Application for Foreign Students" (Nancy Rhodes); "Volunteers--Can They Benefit My Students?" (Jeanne Stacy); "An Oral/Aural Approach to Instruction" (Connie Inukai); "Competency Instruction: Implementing an Approach" (Gail Schmitt, Sharon Mandel); "The Connecticut Park Language Lab--Development and Purpose" (Judy Davis, Sherrie Polsky); "The Basic ESOL Student" (Lynda Dreisonstok, Aphrodite Jensen); "The Beginning I ESOL Student" (Mary Debardelaben, Ray VanSanten); "The Beginning II ESOL Student" (Joyce Freed, Carolyn Spector); "The Intermediate I ESOL Student" (Marilyn Glick, Anne Greenfeld); "The Intermediate II ESOL Student" (Carmen Nakassis, Sharon Krohn), and "The Advanced ESOL Student" (Rosalie Sanchez). (MSE)
- Published
- 1985
236. The Effects of Postpartum Contact and Early Maternal Language Patterns on Development and Learning at Age Eight.
- Author
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Ringler, Norma M. and Finlon, Mary Ann
- Abstract
Differences in classroom behavior and adjustment between two groups of low-income, black children were investigated in a continuing study, as subjects approached their eighth birthday. Eight experimental and nine control subjects, who had been differentially exposed to postpartum contact with their mothers and who differed in maternal language patterns and personality variables, were evaluated by their second grade classroom teacher. The teacher used the Devereaux Elementary Behavior Scale, a measure which identifies overt potential problem behavior. Findings indicated that children who had had 16 extra hours of early and extended contact with their mothers at birth and who had experienced richer language, more complex language, more early recognition of their separateness, less controlling maternal behavior, more freedom to express themselves with more positive maternal feedback at 2 years of age showed at 8 years of age greater expressive ability, confidence, self-awareness, and creativity. These 8-year-old experimental group children had greater ability to share feelings and personal incidents than control group children. They had less anxiety about achievement, more independence, and coped with authority better than control children. They obeyed directions better, checked on the quality of their work more, and followed it to completion. They also had closer and more positive personal involvement with teachers and peers. (Author/RH)
- Published
- 1986
237. The University of Wisconsin-Madison's Perspectives on Nuclear War: Goals, Organization and Structure.
- Author
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Ringler, Dick
- Abstract
"Perspectives on Nuclear War" is an interdisciplinary course offered at the University of Wisconsin-Madison on an experimental basis during the 1981-82 academic year. Course scope/structure (including lecture schedule), readings, and requirements are provided. Suggests that similar courses should be developed and installed in curricula of all institutions of higher learning. (JN)
- Published
- 1983
238. Structure of alpha-synuclein fibrils
- Author
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Guerrero-Ferreira, R., primary, Taylor, N.M.I., additional, Mona, D., additional, Ringler, P., additional, Lauer, M.E., additional, Riek, R., additional, Britschgi, M., additional, and Stahlberg, H., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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239. The Nation Looks at Reading
- Author
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Ringler, Leonore and Cullinan, Bernice E.
- Abstract
The new psycholinguistic approach to reading suggests broad strategies to combat the old problem of massive reading failure. (DM)
- Published
- 1970
240. Learning Modality and Word Recognition of First Grade Children
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Ringler, Lenore H. and Smith, Inez L.
- Published
- 1973
241. Developments in Amphibian Parental Care Research: History, Present Advances, and Future Perspectives
- Author
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Schulte, Lisa M., Ringler, Eva, Rojas, Bibiana, and Stynoski, Jennifer L.
- Abstract
AbstractDespite rising interest among scientists for over two centuries, parental care behavior has not been as thoroughly studied in amphibians as it has in other taxa. The first reports of amphibian parental care date from the early 18th century, when Maria Sibylla Merian went on a field expedition in Suriname and reported frog metamorphs emerging from their mother's dorsal skin. Reports of this and other parental behaviors in amphibians remained descriptive for decades, often as side notes during expeditions with another purpose. However, since the 1980s, experimental approaches have proliferated, providing detailed knowledge about the adaptive value of observed behaviors. Today, we recognize more than 30 types of parental care in amphibians, but most studies focus on just a few families and have favored anurans over urodeles and caecilians. Here, we provide a synthesis of the last three centuries of parental care research in the three orders comprising the amphibians. We draw attention to the progress from the very first descriptions to the most recent experimental studies, and highlight the importance of natural history observations as a source of new hypotheses and necessary context to interpret experimental findings. We encourage amphibian parental care researchers to diversify their study systems to allow for a more comprehensive perspective of the behaviors that amphibians exhibit. Finally, we uncover knowledge gaps and suggest new avenues of research using a variety of disciplines and approaches that will allow us to better understand the function and evolution of parental care behaviors in this diverse group of animals.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
242. DuoMab: a novel CrossMab-based IgG-derived antibody format for enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- Author
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Sustmann, Claudio, Dickopf, Steffen, Regula, Jörg T., Kettenberger, Hubert, Mølhøj, Michael, Gassner, Christian, Weininger, Diana, Fenn, Sebastian, Manigold, Tobias, Kling, Lothar, Künkele, Klaus-Peter, Schwaiger, Manfred, Bossenmaier, Birgit, Griese, Julia J., Hopfner, Karl-Peter, Graff-Meyer, Alexandra, Stahlberg, Henning, Ringler, Philippe, Lauer, Matthias E., Brinkmann, Ulrich, Schaefer, Wolfgang, and Klein, Christian
- Abstract
ABSTRACTHigh specificity accompanied with the ability to recruit immune cells has made recombinant therapeutic antibodies an integral part of drug development. Here we present a generic approach to generate two novel IgG-derived antibody formats that are based on a modification of the CrossMab technology. MoAbs harbor two heavy chains (HCs) resulting in one binding entity and one fragment crystallizable region (Fc), whereas DuoMabs are composed of four HCs harboring two binding entities and two Fc regions linked at a disulfide-bridged hinge. The latter bivalent format is characterized by avidity-enhanced target cell binding while simultaneously increasing the ‘Fc-load’ on the surface. DuoMabs were shown to be producible in high yield and purity and bind to surface cells with affinities comparable to IgGs. The increased Fc load directed at the surface of target cells by DuoMabs modulates their antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity competency toward target cells, making them attractive for applications that require or are modulated by FcR interactions.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
243. Aligning evidence generation and use across health, development, and environment.
- Author
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Tallis, Heather, Kreis, Katharine, Olander, Lydia, Ringler, Claudia, Ameyaw, David, Borsuk, Mark E, Fletschner, Diana, Game, Edward, Gilligan, Daniel O, Jeuland, Marc, Kennedy, Gina, Masuda, Yuta J, Mehta, Sumi, Miller, Nicholas, Parker, Megan, Pollino, Carmel, Rajaratnam, Julie, Wilkie, David, Zhang, Wei, and Ahmed, Selena
- Abstract
Although health, development, and environment challenges are interconnected, evidence remains fractured across sectors due to methodological and conceptual differences in research and practice. Aligned methods are needed to support Sustainable Development Goal advances and similar agendas. The Bridge Collaborative, an emergent research-practice collaboration, presents principles and recommendations that help harmonize methods for evidence generation and use. Recommendations were generated in the context of designing and evaluating evidence of impact for interventions related to five global challenges (stabilizing the global climate, making food production sustainable, decreasing air pollution and respiratory disease, improving sanitation and water security, and solving hunger and malnutrition) and serve as a starting point for further iteration and testing in a broader set of contexts and disciplines. We adopted six principles and emphasize three methodological recommendations: (1) creation of compatible results chains, (2) consideration of all relevant types of evidence, and (3) evaluation of strength of evidence using a unified rubric. We provide detailed suggestions for how these recommendations can be applied in practice, streamlining efforts to apply multi-objective approaches and/or synthesize evidence in multidisciplinary or transdisciplinary teams. These recommendations advance the necessary process of reconciling existing evidence standards in health, development, and environment, and initiate a common basis for integrated evidence generation and use in research, practice, and policy design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
244. Characteristics and Spatial Variability of Wind Noise on Near-Surface Broadband Seismometers.
- Author
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Dybing, Sydney N., Ringler, Adam T., Wilson, David C., and Anthony, Robert E.
- Abstract
By coupling with the ground, wind causes ground motion that appears on seismic records as noise across a wide bandwidth. This wind-generated noise can drown out important features such as small earthquakes and prevent observation of normal modes from large earthquakes. Because the wind field is heterogeneous at local scales due to structures, diurnal heating, and topography, wind-induced seismic noise may be different on seismometers installed just meters apart. We investigated the spatial variability of wind-induced noise using two weather sensors separated by ~100 m and collocated with one deep borehole and four near-surface broadband seismometers. We found that at longer periods (>5 s), increasing wind speed causes noise increases on the horizontal components of seismometers. Although this has been previously observed, we also measured γ² coherences of less than 0.2 between the wind speed, wind direction, and the pressure recorded by our weather stations. We further observed a loss of coherence between the vertical components of our seismometers from an 8-20 s period. The amplitude of the drop in coherence appears to depend on the substrate surrounding the seismometer. Based on two previously developed theoretical models, we found that the local material surrounding the sensor could be amplifying the wind-generated noise. We also investigated the frequency dependence of wind-induced noise and found that the dominant source of high-frequency seismic noise at some sites could be anthropogenic rather than induced by wind. In addition, we estimated the linear relationships between the root mean square (rms) of wind speed and rms seismic velocity for each sensor, finding substantial variability between different installments. A more detailed understanding of the complex processes by which wind-induced noise is generated can inform the installation of sensors and the development of methods for mitigation of these effects, thus improving the overall quality of seismic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
245. Observations of Rotational Motions from Local Earthquakes Using Two Temporary Portable Sensors in Waynoka, Oklahoma.
- Author
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Ringler, A. T., Anthony, R. E., Holland, A. A., Wilson, D. C., and Lin, C.-J.
- Abstract
Characterizing rotational motions from earthquakes at local distances has the potential to improve earthquake engineering and seismic gradiometry by better characterizing the complete seismic wavefield. Applied Technology Associates (ATA) has developed a proto-seismic magnetohydrodynamic (SMHD) three-component rotational rate sensor. We deploy two ATA rotational rate sensors at a temporary aftershock station in Waynoka, Oklahoma. From 27 April to 6 June 2017, we recorded the translational and rotational motions of 155 earthquakes of M
L ≥2.0 within 220 km of the station. Using the recorded events, we compare peak ground rotation rate (PGω˙) with peak ground velocity (PGV) and with peak ground acceleration (PGA). Our results support previously identified potential relationships between the two quantities. We also compare peak ground rotations (PGω) as a function of seismic moment and distance. We found that PGω˙ decays with an exponent of approximately -4.0 km-1 for both horizontal and vertical components. On the other hand, PGA decays with an exponent of approximately -1.8 km-1 for all components. We compute apparent phase velocity directly from the rotational data for both horizontally polarized shear waves (SH; 379 m/s with a standard deviation of 114 m/s) and vertically polarized compression and shear waves (P-SV; 387 m/s with a standard deviation of 121 m/s). Finally, by comparing various rotational and translational components, we look at potential implications for estimating local event source parameters. We found that the absolute correlation of nearby earthquakes decays at a rate of approximately 0.39/km for rotational sensors. This decay rate of absolute correlation is faster on translational sensors with a decay rate of 0.44/km. The latter may help in identifying phenomena such as repeating earthquakes by using differences in correlations as a function of distance and how these differences compare with translational correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
246. About business model specifications of a smart charging manager to integrate electric vehicles into the German electricity market
- Author
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Ensslen, A., Ringler, P., Jochem, P., Keles, D., and Fichtner, W.
- Subjects
Economics ,ddc:330 - Published
- 2014
247. Preferred Sensory Modality, Reading Readiness, and Reading Achievement in First-Grade Children
- Author
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Smith, Inez L. and Ringler, Lenore H.
- Published
- 1971
248. Referat Prostaglandine in der Geburtshilfe
- Author
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Schneider, H. P. G., Schlegel, W., Blümm, E., Heyes, H., Göltner, E., Gauwerky, J., Schmidt, W., Gehrung, H., Kubli, F., Arabin, B., Lorenz, U., Rüttgers, H., Kubli, F., Fischl, F., Huber, J. C., Reinold, E., Jovanovic, W., Rauskolb, R., Fuhrmann, W., Prenzlau, P., Fischl, F., Huber, J. C., Ringler, M., and Reinhold, E.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
249. Gendered perspectives of ecosystem services: A systematic review.
- Author
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Yang, Y.C. Ethan, Passarelli, Simone, Lovell, Robin J., and Ringler, Claudia
- Abstract
Women and men often have differential access to and derive different benefits from ecosystem services; therefore, their perception and knowledge of ecosystem services also differ. Understanding these differences is critical to ensuring that policies aimed at enhancing access to and use of ecosystem services can provide benefits to all genders. We conducted a systematic review of studies that aim to understand the relationship between gender and ecosystem service perceptions to summarize research from this emerging topic and to identify patterns between gender and ecosystem service perceptions from different case studies. The results show that highly gendered ecosystem services include medicinal products from forest or mangrove ecosystems and freshwater supply. Women have a stronger perception of water quality and erosion control, soil formation, habitat conservation and sustaining biodiversity. Men, on the other hand, had more knowledge of fuel and timber and extreme event mitigation services. Our review also identifies the limitations of sample size for this interdisciplinary topic, calls for more case studies and comparative studies to identify relationships between gender and ecosystem service perceptions, and calls for the development of models on ecosystem services that incorporate gender. Finally, we discuss how our review can augment existing gender frameworks for policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
250. Improvements in Absolute Seismometer Sensitivity Calibration Using Local Earth Gravity Measurements.
- Author
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Anthony, Robert E., Ringler, Adam T., and Wilson, Dave C.
- Abstract
The ability to determine both absolute and relative seismic amplitudes is fundamentally limited by the accuracy and precision with which scientists are able to calibrate seismometer sensitivities and characterize their response. Currently, across the Global Seismic Network (GSN), errors in midband sensitivity exceed 3% at the 95% confidence interval and are the least-constrained response parameter in seismic recording systems. We explore a new methodology utilizing precise absolute Earth gravity measurements to determine the midband sensitivity of seismic instruments. We first determine the absolute sensitivity of Kinemetrics EpiSensor accelerometers to 0.06% at the 99% confidence interval by inverting them in a known gravity field at the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory (ASL). After the accelerometer is calibrated, we install it in its normal configuration next to broadband seismometers and subject the sensors to identical ground motions to perform relative calibrations of the broadband sensors. Using this technique, we are able to determine the absolute midband sensitivity of the vertical components of Nanometrics Trillium Compact seismometers to within 0.11% and Streckeisen STS-2 seismometers to within 0.14% at the 99% confidence interval. The technique enables absolute calibrations from first principles that are traceable to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) measurements while providing nearly an order of magnitude more precision than step-table calibrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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