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Non-PR, IFPRI5; CRP5; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; Capacity Strengthening, EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), This paper examines the economic and food security implications of climate change in Africa with a focus on population and income growth, agricultural livelihoods and food security, and the role of gender and youth. Food security impacts include climate change risks to food production and agricultural value chains in Africa. The paper then identifies key entry points to address climate change and socioeconomic challenges, including the role of investment in agricultural research, irrigation investment, climate-smart agriculture, the role of ICT, trade as a buffer to climate change, crop insurance, as well as safety nets for the poorest and most vulnerable.

PR, IFPRI4; ReSAKSS; CRP5, AFR; EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), The contribution of irrigation to food security has been essential, and irrigated production currently accounts for 40 percent of global food production on less than a third of the world’s harvested land. Irrigation will be even more essential for future food production because of climate change and associated variability in water availability (Rosegrant, Ringler, and Zhu 2009; Ringler 2017). Irrigated agriculture supports food production in dry seasons and in areas that receive too little rainfall to grow food, and increasingly supplements production in areas with less-certain rainfall regimes. Irrigated yields are generally 30‒60 percent higher than yields of rainfed crops, as irrigation supports higher-yielding seeds and stimulates application of other inputs, such as fertilizers (Rosegrant, Ringler, and Zhu 2009). Irrigation accounts for approximately 70 percent of total global water withdrawals, including from groundwater, and for more than 80 percent of consumptive water use of withdrawn water (FAO 2016; Ringler 2017; WWAP 2019). Livestock watering and freshwater aquaculture are additional small, but growing agricultural water uses.

PR, IFPRI5; CRP5; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; DCA, EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), Investments in energy are urgently needed in Sub-Saharan Africa. Such investments can unlock access to water resources, increase food security, accelerate rural employment, and increase income. To achieve clean energy access and associated water and food security sustainably and equitably, we recommend that the Group of Twenty (G20): (1) develop an understanding of accessible water resources and optimal rural energy system sizing; (2) strengthen the enabling policy and financial environment for renewable energy systems; (3) increase investment in rural renewable energy systems that support productive use; (4) ensure that energy, water, and food policies and investments are gender sensitive; and (5) overcome siloed thinking to improve governance across the water, energy, and food sectors.

Non-PR, IFPRI5; CRP7; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; G Cross-cutting gender theme; GCAN, EPTD; AFR; SAR, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Globally, COVID-19 has exposed farmers to high levels of income insecurity, underlining the importance of building resilience among male and female farmers. Female farmers might be particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 impacts due to lower incomes, higher illiteracy, and limited access to resources, time poverty due to increasing domestic and productive responsibilities, and overall patriarchal norms including restrictions on mobility that prevent women from realizing their productive potential.

Non-PR, IFPRI5; GCAN; G Cross-cutting gender theme; Feed the Future Initiative; Reaching Smallholder Women, EPTD, The impacts of COVID-19 are being felt widely across the globe as most countries and localities urge residents to remain home to slow transmission of the disease. This global health crisis is particularly threatening to the global poor, who may be more susceptible to contracting the virus, have limited access to healthcare, and are more vulnerable to economic impacts. Yet, poor male and female farmers in developing countries may not experience this crisis in the same way. In order to understand how the pandemic is differently affecting men and women in developing countries, IFPRI is implementing a series of phone surveys with poor rural men and women in selected Feed-the-Future countries as part of the Gender, Climate Change, and Nutrition Integration Initiative (GCAN). The same survey is being carried out in India with the grassroots women’s organization, SEWA, as part of the BMZ-supported project on Reaching Smallholder Women with Information Services and Resilience Strategies to Respond to Climate Change.

Non-PR, IFPRI5; CRP5; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; Capacity Strengthening, EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), The ever-increasing demand for water, food, and energy is putting unsustainable pressure on natural resources worldwide, often leading to environmental degradation that, in turn, affect water, food, and energy security. The recognition of the complex interlinkages between multiple sectors has led to the creation of various holistic approaches to environmental decision making such as Integrated Natural Resources Management (INRM), Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), Virtual Water (VW), Water Footprint (WF) and lately the Food-EnergyEnvironment-Water nexus (WE2F). All these approaches aim to increase resource use efficiency and promote sustainability by increasing the cooperation between traditionally disjoint sectors, and mainly differ by the number and relative weights of the sectors included in their framework. They also suffer from the same face and the same barriers for implementation, some of which may never be fully overcome. The paper discusses the benefits of adopting a WE2F nexus approach in the Upper Niger Basin (UNB) and the Inner Niger Delta (IND), but also the multiple difficulties associated with its practical implementation. IWRM/WE2F initiatives in the UNB/IND such as the BAMGIRE project piloted by Wetlands International and funded by the Dutch Embassy in Mali to secure livelihoods and biodiversity in a changing environment, is taken as an example of partial success in the use of a nexus approach to watershed management. It was shown there are multiple barriers to the operational implementation of the WE2F. However, while a full understanding of all interlinkage between sectors may never be possible, data collection, scientific research and model development can improve our ability to understand the complex system in which we live, and hence take better decisions.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; CRP5; Feed the Future Innovation Laboratory for Small-Scale Irrigation; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply, DSGD; EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), Credit constraint is considered by many as one of the key barriers to adoption of modern agricultural technologies, such as chemical fertilizer, improved seeds, and irrigation technologies, among smallholders. Past research and much policy discourse associates agricultural credit constraints with supply-side factors, such as limited access to credit sources or high costs of borrowing. However, demand-side factors, such as risk-aversion and financial illiteracy among borrowers, as well as high transaction costs, can also play important roles in credit-rationing for smallholders. Using primary survey data from Ethiopia and Tanzania, this study examines the nature of credit constraints facing smallholders and the factors that affect credit constraints. In addition, we assess whether credit constraints are gender-differentiated. Results show that demand-side credit constraints are at least as important as supply-side factors in both countries. Women are more likely to be credit constrained (from both the supply and demand sides) than men. Based on these findings, we suggest that policies should focus on addressing both supply- and demand-side credit constraints, including through targeted interventions to reduce risk, such as crop insurance and gender-sensitive policies to improve women’s access to credit.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; DCA; Feed the Future Innovation Laboratory for Small-Scale Irrigation; CRP5; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; Capacity Strengthening, DSGD; EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), Irrigated agriculture can support food and nutrition security, increase rural employment and incomes and can act as a buffer against growing climate variability and change. However, irrigation development has been slow in Africa south of the Sahara and Ghana is no exception. Out of a total potential irrigated area of close to 2 million ha, less than 20,000 ha large-scale irrigation and less than 200,000 ha of small-scale irrigation have been developed; but the latter is only an estimate. To identify entry points for accelerating small-scale irrigation development in Ghana, a national and a regional stakeholder Net-Map workshop were held in Accra and Tamale, respectively. The workshops suggest that a wide variety of actors from government, the private sector, international organizations and funders, research organizations and NGOs are involved in the diffusion of small-scale irrigation technologies. However, there are important differences between actors perceived to be key at the national and at the regional levels in northern Ghana. At the national level, diffusion of small-scale irrigation technologies is considered to be largely influenced by the Ghana Irrigation Development Authority together with a series of private sector actors focused on importation, distribution and financing of technologies. Farmers are considered to have no influence over the diffusion of small-scale irrigation, suggesting that small-scale irrigation is largely considered a supply-driven process. In northern Ghana, on the other hand, farmers are considered to be key influencers, although participants noted that much of this was potential influence, together with a larger and more diversified set of government stakeholders that are seen as regulators and possibly gatekeepers. For irrigation diffusion to successfully move from importation to distribution to benefiting smallholder farmers, all of these actors have to come together to better understand farmers’ needs and challenges. A multi-s

Non-PR, IFPRI4; CRP2, PHND; EPTD; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), To contain the spread of COVID-19, health ministries and the World Health Organization (WHO) are advising everyone to keep up to date on latest developments, wash hands frequently, stay at home, and practice physical distancing when outside the home.1 These recommendations are inconveniences for most people in Europe or the United States, but for many in developing countries, even these basic precautions will be difficult to implement. Here are some ways these public health recommendations affect women and men differently in developing countries, particularly in rural areas — and some ideas for how to address the disparities.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; DCA; GCAN; CRP7; Capacity Strengthening; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply, EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Nigeria’s rural youth are facing various challenges in agriculture, with limited job opportunities outside the sector. Using qualitative focus group discussions and individual interviews with youth in four communities in two Nigerian states, the paper reflects on nuanced differences in perceptions of opportunities, coping mechanisms and overall resilience of youth in rural Nigeria, as well as differential access to information, inputs and irrigation based on age, gender and community. We apply the GCAN framework, to illustrate the factors that shape resilience pathways in the context of climate change and other shocks and stressors. Many of the constraints rural youth face are faced by other groups, including lack of finance, farm inputs and modern equipment for production and processing. Yet, youth face higher and specific hurdles related to lack of capital, experience and a strong social capital and networks that would facilitate coping with climatic and other shocks and improving their livelihoods. Young women in particular have less access to information and irrigation, and are less likely to benefit from cooperative memberships. Nevertheless, young men and women have higher resilience compared to older groups in terms of health, mobility and ability to migrate, as well as easier access to the internet as a source of information. Youth can better build resilience and a network and receive government assistance when part of a cooperative. Nevertheless, a larger enabling environment in the sector is needed, to improve roads, access to markets, information, inputs and equipment to support young farmers who cannot leave the agriculture sector. A promising factor is that many young men and women realize the importance of agriculture and aspire to become successful in the sector.

Non-PR, IFPRI2, EPTD, A pesar de ser uno de los recursos más importantes para todos los seres vivos en el planeta, el agua dulce representa sólo el 3 porciento del suministro de agua de la Tierra, pero solamente el 0,5 por ciento es fácilmente accesible para los humanos. Adicionalmente, los recursos de agua dulce disponibles (RAD) son distribuidos desigualmente alrededor del mundo. Muchas áreas y poblaciones tienen problemas de escasez y calidad de agua. Los RAD se encuentran bajo enorme estrés debido a los sistemas agrícolas, cambio climático y otros factores ligados directamente al comportamiento humano -incluyendo el incremento demográfico e industrialización. Además, las instituciones destinadas a manejar los RAD bajo estrés puede que estén mal equipadas para hacerlo, especialmente en el contexto de múltiples y a menudo concurrentes demandas de RAD y la complejidad del flujo de agua a través del tiempo y el espacio. El incremento de la concientización de estos desafíos ha provocado un aumento en la sensación de urgencia para generar atención o impulsar la acción para mejorar la gerencia de los RAD, especialmente a nivel local.

Non-PR, IFPRI2, EPTD, Bien qu’étant une des ressources les plus essentielles pour toute vie sur Terre, l’eau douce ne représente que 3% des ressources d’eau de la planète, et seulement 0,5% de cette eau douce est facilement accessible aux humains. De plus, les ressources d’eau douce (RED) disponibles sont inégalement distribuées à travers le globe, de nombreuses régions et populations faisant face à des problèmes de pénurie et de qualité d’eau. Les RED sont sous d’immenses pressions de la part des systèmes agricoles, le changement climatique et d’autres facteurs directement liés au comportement humain – dont la croissance de la population et l’industrialisation. De plus, les institutions censées gérer les RED sous pression peuvent être inaptes à le faire, surtout dans le contexte de revendications multiples et souvent conflictuelles sur les RED et la complexité des débits d’eau dans le temps et l’espace. Une conscience accrue de ces défis a engendré un sentiment d’urgence pour attirer l’attention et catalyser des actions vers une meilleure gestion des RED, notamment au niveau local.

Non-PR, IFPRI2, EPTD, Despite being one of the most critical resources for all life on Earth, freshwater represents only 3 percent of the planet’s water supply, but only 0.5 percent is readily accessible to humans. In addition, the available freshwater resources (FWR) are unequally distributed across the globe, so many areas and populations face issues of water scarcity and quality. FWR are under enormous stress from agricultural systems, climate change, and other factors directly linked to human behavior—including population growth and industrialization. Moreover, the institutions intended to manage FWR under stress may be ill-equipped to do so, especially in the context of multiple, often competing claims on FWR and the complexity of water flows across time and space. Growing awareness of these challenges has given rise to a sense of urgency to raise attention and catalyze action toward improving the management of FWR, especially at the local level. This guide aims to advance the understanding of how communities can sustainably manage FWR by applying The Nature Conservancy’s Voice, Choice, and Action (VCA) framework. The original framework focused more on terrestrial resources but has been adapted here to address the unique characteristics of FWR. These characteristics present significant implications for sustainable resource management and, therefore, need to be taken into account in the design and implementation of community-based conservation (CBC) programs.

Non-PR, IFPRI2, EPTD, Apesar de ser um dos recursos mais importantes para toda a vida na Terra, a água doce representa somente 3% da provisão de água do planeta, mas somente 0,5% está prontamente acessível para os seres humanos. Além disso, os recursos de água doce (RAD) disponíveis estão distribuídos de maneira desigual pelo mundo, então muitas áreas e populações enfrentam problemas de escassez e qualidade da água. Os recursos de água doce estão sob imensa tensão devido aos sistemas agrícolas, à mudança climática e a outros fatores diretamente vinculados ao comportamento humano, incluindo o crescimento populacional e a industrialização. As instituições que deveriam gerenciar os recursos de água doce sob tensão podem não estar preparadas para fazer isso, principalmente no contexto de reivindicações múltiplas e concorrentes em relação aos recursos de água doce e de complexidade dos fluxos de água no tempo e espaço. A crescente consciência sobre esses desafios gerou um senso de urgência em chamar a atenção e direcionar a ação para a melhoria da gestão dos recursos de água doce, principalmente no nível local.

PR, IFPRI5; CRP5; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; G Cross-cutting gender theme, EPTD, This paper reviews these challenges as part of a broader analysis of the complex web of pathways that link water, food security and nutrition outcomes. Climate change and the growing demand for water resources are also considered, given their central role in shaping future water and nutrition security. The main conclusions are presented as three recommendations focused on potential avenues to deal with the complexity of the water-nutrition nexus, and to optimize outcomes. The analysis and recommendations in this report are geared toward both United Nations actors and other stakeholders with access to entry points to accelerate progress. Expanding collaboration and evidence generation is particularly important outside the WASH sector where some linkages have already been developed. This will be imperative for reducing trade-offs, and for strengthening momentum.

PR, IFPRI3; DCA; ISI; Global Futures and Strategic Foresight; CRP2; CRP7; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply, EPTD; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), India has the second largest population in the world and is characterized by a broad diversity in climate, topography, flora, fauna, land‐use, and socioeconomic conditions. To help ensure food security in the future, agricultural systems will have to respond to global change drivers such as population growth, changing dietary habits, and climate change. However, alterations of how food is produced in the future may conflict with other UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as the protection of land resources and climate change mitigation. It is crucial for decision‐makers to understand potential trade‐offs between these goals to find a balance of human needs and environmental impacts. In this paper, we analyze pathways of agricultural productivity, land‐use, and land‐cover changes in India until 2030 and their impacts on terrestrial biodiversity and carbon storage. The results show that in order to meet future food production demands, agricultural lands are likely to expand and existing farmlands need to be intensified. However, both processes will result in biodiversity losses. At the same time, the projections reveal carbon stock increases due to intensification processes and decreases due to conversions of natural land into agriculture. On balance, we find that carbon stocks increase with the scenarios of future agricultural productivity as modeled here. In conclusion, we regard further agricultural intensification as a crucial element to help ensure food security and to slow down the expansion of cropland and pasture. At the same time, policies are required to implement this intensification in a way that minimizes biodiversity losses.

PR, IFPRI3; CRP5; ISI; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply, EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), India boasts the largest irrigated agricultural system in the world relying on groundwater. To address the strong linkages between the natural groundwater and the anthropogenic irrigated system requires innovative hydrological modeling geared at informing national policies on groundwater management and future development of irrigated agriculture. For this, we developed a predictive, integrated hydrological and groundwater use model and evaluated the model using total water storage (TWS) data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). The utility of the model was demonstrated in a case study in which the model was applied to project the groundwater balance in northwest India under four RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) scenarios.

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; IFPRIOA; CRP5; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; The Water Energy Food Nexus, EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), This paper develops a regional TIMES modelling framework for the electricity sector of the Eastern Nile Basin region, including Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan, to assess the potential of energy trading for cross-border collaboration in this rapidly growing sector. Four alternative scenarios are developed for the 2014–2050 period to assess national and regional benefits of alternative energy development strategies. The study finds that electricity trading scenarios out-perform a reference scenario that assumes no energy trading, lowering systems cost by 4.5–7.2%. Total systems costs are lower, even when transmission costs for trade are considered. Costs are also lower with increased generation from renewables compared to investments without regional trade. Investing in renewables has important co-benefits, such as improved energy security and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Supporting energy trade not only reduces systems costs, but can also strengthen cooperation in the region, as reflected in the energy trading efforts of the East African Power Pool and the transboundary collaboration efforts of the Nile Basin Initiative.

Non-PR, IFPRI5; CRP5; G Cross-cutting gender theme, EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), This year’s theme for World Water Day is Water and Climate Change. The recent Australian drought and flooding in the UK and East Africa show how climate change is leading to extreme events that create both uncertainties and irregularities in water availability, with far-reaching impacts on human wellbeing and ecosystem health. In all cases, the poor and marginalised people are most at risk. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy will further heighten the existing vulnerabilities of the poor.

Non-PR, IFPRI5; CRP5; G Cross-cutting gender theme, EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), We now know that handwashing with soap for 20 seconds can fight the spread of coronavirus. For most of us accessing water is as simple as turning on the taps in our kitchens and toilets. But for one third of humanity, handwashing remains out of reach: 2.5 billion people lack access to safe drinking water; equally distressing, 4.5 billion people, or more than half of humanity, have no access to adequate sanitation facilities, which further increases the risk of a Covid-19 spread.

Non-PR, IFPRI3; CRP5; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; G Cross-cutting gender theme, EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), "Water for all" is an important concept embedded in Sustainable Development Goal 6 on Water and Sanitation. However, implementation does not currently target differential access for women and marginalised people. Our authors show what actions are needed to resolve growing tensions around water scarcity and degradation, thus meeting the needs of the poor and vulnerable.

Ensuring resilient food systems and sustainable healthy diets for all requires much higher water use, however, water resources are finite, geographically dispersed, volatile under climate change, and required for other vital functions including ecosystems and the services they provide. Good governance for resilient water resources is a necessary precursor to deciding on solutions, sourcing finance, and delivering infrastructure. Six attributes that together provide a foundation for good governance to reduce future water risks to food systems are proposed. These attributes dovetail in their dual focus on incorporating adaptive learning and new knowledge, and adopting the types of governance systems required for water resilient food systems. The attributes are also founded in the need to greater recognise the role natural, healthy ecosystems play in food systems. The attributes are listed below and are grounded in scientific evidence and the diverse collective experience and expertise of stakeholders working across the science-policy interface: Adopting interconnected systems thinking that embraces the complexity of how we produce, distribute, and add value to food including harnessing the experience and expertise of stakeholders s; adopting multi-level inclusive governance and supporting inclusive participation; enabling continual innovation, new knowledge and learning, and information dissemination; incorporating diversity and redundancy for resilience to shocks; ensuring system preparedness to shocks; and planning for the long term. This will require food and water systems to pro-actively work together toward a socially and environmentally just space that considers the water and food needs of people, the ecosystems that underpin our food systems, and broader energy and equity concerns.

GCAN; Gender; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; Cross-cutting gender theme, EPTD; SAR, CGIAR Gender Platform; CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, This dataset is the result of a phone survey set up to measure the impact of COVID-19 on rural people in Nepal. As most governments have urged the population to stay at home to slow down the transmission of the disease, the impact of COVID-19 can affect women and men in different ways: as an income shock (directly or indirectly); as a health and caring shock; as a shock of mobility (affecting access to water, food, firewood, schooling); and as a risk of increased domestic conflict and violence. To capture these various effects on household welfare, this phone survey was conducted with (around) 449 women and 178 male farmers randomly drawn from a pre-listing exercise done for a previous household survey in 2020. The same individuals were also interviewed during other rounds to generate a longitudinal panel allowing to analyze the impact of COVID-19 through time. This is Round 5 of the five surveys done so far.

GCAN; Gender; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; Cross-cutting gender theme, EPTD; SAR, CGIAR Gender Platform; CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, This dataset is the result of a phone survey set up to measure the impact of COVID-19 on rural people in Nepal. As most governments have urged the population to stay at home to slow down the transmission of the disease, the impact of COVID-19 can affect women and men in different ways: as an income shock (directly or indirectly); as a health and caring shock; as a shock of mobility (affecting access to water, food, firewood, schooling); and as a risk of increased domestic conflict and violence. To capture these various effects on household welfare, this phone survey was conducted with (around) 449 women and 178 male farmers randomly drawn from a pre-listing exercise done for a previous household survey in 2020. The same individuals were also interviewed during other rounds to generate a longitudinal panel allowing to analyze the impact of COVID-19 through time. This is Round 3 of the five surveys done so far.

GCAN; Gender; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; Cross-cutting gender theme, EPTD; AFR, CGIAR Gender Platform; CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, This dataset is the result of a phone survey set up to measure the impact of COVID-19 on rural people in Ghana. As most governments have urged the population to stay at home to slow down the transmission of the disease, the impact of COVID-19 can affect women and men in different ways: as an income shock (directly or indirectly); as a health and caring shock; as a shock of mobility (affecting access to water, food, firewood, schooling); and as a risk of increased domestic conflict and violence. To capture these various effects on household welfare, this phone survey was conducted with (around) 500 individuals randomly drawn from an existing list of phone numbers collected from previous household surveys with an equal proportion of women and men. The same individuals were also interviewed during other rounds to generate a longitudinal panel allowing to analyze the impact of COVID-19 through time.

GCAN; Gender; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; Cross-cutting gender theme, EPTD; SAR, CGIAR Gender Platform; CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, This dataset is the result of a phone survey set up to measure the impact of COVID-19 on rural people in Nepal. As most governments have urged the population to stay at home to slow down the transmission of the disease, the impact of COVID-19 can affect women and men in different ways: as an income shock (directly or indirectly); as a health and caring shock; as a shock of mobility (affecting access to water, food, firewood, schooling); and as a risk of increased domestic conflict and violence. To capture these various effects on household welfare, this phone survey was conducted with (around) 490 women and 200 male farmers randomly drawn from a pre-listing exercise done for a previous household survey in 2020. The same individuals were also interviewed during other rounds to generate a longitudinal panel allowing to analyze the impact of COVID-19 through time. This is Round 2 of the five surveys done so far.

GCAN; Gender; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; Cross-cutting gender theme, EPTD; AFR, CGIAR Gender Platform; CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, This dataset is the result of a phone survey set up to measure the impact of COVID-19 on rural people in Nigeria. As most governments have urged the population to stay at home to slow down the transmission of the disease, the impact of COVID-19 can affect women and men in different ways: as an income shock (directly or indirectly); as a health and caring shock; as a shock of mobility (affecting access to water, food, firewood, schooling); and as a risk of increased domestic conflict and violence. To capture these various effects on household welfare, this phone survey was conducted with (around) 500 individuals randomly drawn from an existing list of phone numbers collected from previous household surveys with an equal proportion of women and men. The same individuals were also interviewed during other rounds to generate a longitudinal panel allowing to analyze the impact of COVID-19 through time.

GCAN; Gender; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; Cross-cutting gender theme, EPTD; SAR, CGIAR Gender Platform; CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, This dataset is the result of a phone survey set up to measure the impact of COVID-19 on rural people in Nepal. As most governments have urged the population to stay at home to slow down the transmission of the disease, the impact of COVID-19 can affect women and men in different ways: as an income shock (directly or indirectly); as a health and caring shock; as a shock of mobility (affecting access to water, food, firewood, schooling); and as a risk of increased domestic conflict and violence. To capture these various effects on household welfare, this phone survey was conducted with (around) 540 women and 219 male farmers randomly drawn from a pre-listing exercise done for a previous household survey in 2020. The same individuals were also interviewed during other rounds to generate a longitudinal panel allowing to analyze the impact of COVID-19 through time. This is Round 1 of the five surveys done so far.

GCAN; Gender; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; Cross-cutting gender theme, EPTD; SAR, CGIAR Gender Platform; CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, This dataset is the result of a phone survey set up to measure the impact of COVID-19 on rural people in Nepal. As most governments have urged the population to stay at home to slow down the transmission of the disease, the impact of COVID-19 can affect women and men in different ways: as an income shock (directly or indirectly); as a health and caring shock; as a shock of mobility (affecting access to water, food, firewood, schooling); and as a risk of increased domestic conflict and violence. To capture these various effects on household welfare, this phone survey was conducted with (around) 421 women and 161 male farmers randomly drawn from a pre-listing exercise done for a previous household survey in 2020. The same individuals were also interviewed during other rounds to generate a longitudinal panel allowing to analyze the impact of COVID-19 through time. This is Round 4 of the five surveys done so far.

GCAN; Gender; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; Cross-cutting gender theme, EPTD; AFR, CGIAR Gender Platform; CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), This dataset is the result of a phone survey set up to measure the impact of COVID-19 on rural people in Kenya. As most governments have urged the population to stay at home to slow down the transmission of the disease, the impact of COVID-19 can affect women and men in different ways: as an income shock (directly or indirectly); as a health and caring shock; as a shock of mobility (affecting access to water, food, firewood, schooling); and as a risk of increased domestic conflict and violence. To capture these various effects on household welfare, this phone survey was conducted with (around) 600 individuals randomly drawn from an existing list of phone numbers collected from previous household surveys with an equal proportion of women and men. The same individuals were also interviewed during other rounds to generate a longitudinal panel allowing to analyze the impact of COVID-19 through time.