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Mobility is a global megatrend in our contemporary world as people are constantly crossing nation-state borders for migration, tourism, work and due to mobile transnational lives. Cross-border practices contribute to (re)produce functional border regions between different countries. The current amount of information on the geographies of cross-border mobilities of people, the creation of functional cross-border regions and how these regions change over time is inadequate. As transnational phenomena are fragile to global disruptions and prone to 'rebordering' in times of emergency, we lack knowledge of how the COVID-19 crisis affected border practices and functioning regions. We consider mobility to be a tool for understanding society and used big data to examine cross-border mobilities between the five Nordic countries: when and where borders were crossed, how mobilities captured functional border regions, and evaluated the influence of COVID-19 on mobilities and functional border regions from a spatio-temporal perspective. The feasibility of the proposed methodology for monitoring cross-border mobilities and border regions to improve planning and development of border regions and decision-making in future crises is discussed. We studied a 4-year Twitter dataset, including the first year of the pandemic until February 2021. We found that overall cross-border mobility decreased by 68% due to the pandemic, yet with geographical and temporal variations. We showed how the influence of the pandemic on the spatial extent of functional border regions varies for a range of reasons for cross-border mobility. We discuss the feasibility of the proposed approach for monitoring cross-border interactions as the proof-of-concept for capturing functional border regions to improve planning and development of border regions and decision-making in future crises. Finally, we highlight future avenues in enhancing our proposed methodology to improve information on cross-border mobilities derived from social media data such as Twitter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes insurance claim data from an 11-county area in the Florida Panhandle following the landfall of Hurricane Michael. The data includes 1467 non-mobile home structures, with 902 (61.5%) storm-damaged structures in Bay County. The analysis focuses on Wind Mitigation form 1802. Specifically, building design variables were analyzed via linear regression as to their influence on the percent claim loss. The building design variables included total square footage, dwelling construction type, age of the building, roof type, roof cover type, roof deck attachment type, roof to wall attachment, the presence of secondary water resistance (or sealed roof deck), opening protection type, and roof shape. Results show that building design variables for insurance claims have a high predictive value relative to a Category 5 hurricane event. However, the predictive values of building design variables are also dependent on the dwelling's proximity to the coast, its location relative to the strong or weak side of the storm, the diameter of the storm, and other wind field variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among a wide range of practical applications, the location quotient (LQ) has been used as an area-based measure of residential segregation by race/ethnicity in some studies. However, it does not correspond to any of the five dimensions of residential segregation. Rather, an application of LQ in demographic data analyses brings about an atypical way to quantify the population composition of areal units by race/ethnicity. To clarify misconceptions, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the relationships between proportions, percentages, and LQs of six racial/ethnic groups in the conterminous United States (US). Since populations change over time, demographic data on race and ethnicity were obtained from the 2000, 2010, and 2020 Census through the US Census Bureau's website. Using census tracts and counties as the units of analysis, a sequence of scatterplots and associated Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) was used to display the analytical results of census-tract- and county-based measures at three different time periods. Despite the different levels of aggregation, the relationships between proportions, percentages, and LQs of six racial/ethnic groups consistently showed perfect positive correlations at three different time periods (r = 1.00). These suggest that census-tract- and county-based measures expressed as the proportion, percentage, and LQ of a racial/ethnic group capture the same distributional pattern, but the units of measurement simply differ from one another. Hence, the study of residential segregation and its societal consequences needs to be specific to the dimension under study and to build upon the conceptual and methodological foundations established by sociologists-demographers and geographers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to test two hypotheses related to the supposedly negative impact of rent control on residential mobility: the mobility of renters is, first, negatively related to how attractive their residential areas are and, second, relatively high for renters living in properties built after 2005. Design/methodology/approach: This paper estimates logit and multinomial logit regressions and models household moves. The multinomial logit regressions separate between short- and long-distance moves and between moves to rentals and to owned dwellings. This paper uses the "relative income" of the tenants' residential areas to proxy area attractiveness. This paper estimates regressions for entire Sweden and the three largest "commuting" regions and municipalities, respectively. Findings: The full sample provides support of both hypotheses in all regressions. Hypothesis one gets stronger support for moves to other rentals than moves to owned dwellings but about equally strong support for short- and long-distance moves. Hypothesis one obtains strongest support in Gothenburg municipality while hypothesis two obtains strongest support in the Malmö region. Also, hypothesis two obtains stronger support for short-distance moves than long-distance moves and slightly stronger support for moves to owned dwellings than those to rented dwellings. Research limitations/implications: This paper does not estimate "how much" rent control affects mobility, and results cannot be used to design specific rent setting policies. Results may be sensitive to how different types of moves are defined. Practical implications: Efforts to reform rent setting policies in Sweden are encouraged. Originality/value: To the best of the author's knowledge, this paper's two hypotheses are not tested before in Sweden and can be tested without control groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, published in Applied Mobilities, examines the relationship between residential mobility, spatial identification, and media and information usage. The study, conducted in Germany, found that mobile living influences individuals' media and information repertoire, with regional identity and cosmopolitanism playing important roles. The text also discusses the definitions and theoretical approaches to residential mobility, regional identity, and cosmopolitanism. The study highlights the need for further research on how residential mobility affects interpersonal communication and media use. Additionally, the document provides a list of references and citations from various sources related to cosmopolitanism, mobility, and identity, offering valuable insights for researchers in these areas. [Extracted from the article]

This article considers changes regarding the social physiognomy of apartment blocks in urban housing in the densely built neighbourhoods of Athens City Centre. The aim is to illuminate the changes that have been a main consequence of the residential mobility that began during the post-World War II period and continues today. Thus, I will provide evidence of two apartment blocks located in the Kypseli neighbourhood of the Municipality of Athens that I have thoroughly investigated. These blocks are among the 28 I have previously examined in a project about Athenian apartment blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discuss evidence on new socio-spatial patterns in the relation between urban and suburban areas due to the involuntary outward residential mobility of low-income households from central urban areas. Our findings build upon research in three German cities from a comparative perspective, with interviews with local experts providing the main source of information. For analysing decentralisation or suburbanisation of poverty processes we focus on the role of the urban housing market, residential settlement changes, and the role of social security systems. We cannot confirm the displacement of low-income households beyond city limits as a general trend. Instead, our findings reveal a local and context-dependent variation of socio-spatial shifts in the three investigated cities, related to city-specific housing market and urban development factors. As a general factor, existing social security systems continue to work towards keeping low-income households inside cities, seemingly preventing a large-scale suburbanisation of poverty. There is, however, a worrying trend in the concentration of low-income households in ever-decreasing segments of affordable housing, alongside increasing burdens on low-income households coping with the current challenges of a housing affordability crisis. City-regional monitoring and further research are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city cluster of the Yangtze River Delta is a highly dynamic and competitive economic region in China. The integration of the market across the 27 cities is crucial in driving economic growth in the area. This paper aims to provide policymakers with recommendations on promoting regional integration, enhancing the structure, and improving overall performance. By utilizing the benefits and resources of each community more effectively, greater economic gains can be achieved. The findings of this study can also be applied to other Chinese towns or business areas. Market integration is a necessary foundation for regional integration, as it enables the seamless movement of goods and factors throughout the region while simultaneously reducing entry barriers and supporting the creation of a unified market. Unfortunately, the "vassal economy" model has impeded the region's economic growth. The integration of regional markets is crucial for economic growth. However, it is equally important to create industrial clusters with central towns as their hubs. The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is a prime example of one of six world-class city clusters demonstrating how market integration can result in high-quality economic progress. The paper's primary discoveries are threefold: firstly, there has been a progressive elevation in the level of market integration among the 27 cities within the Yangtze River Delta city cluster, characterized by increasingly intimate connections concerning trade, investment, and population mobility. Secondly, this heightened market integration exerts a catalytic impact on the real economic growth of the Yangtze River Delta city cluster, particularly concerning regional industrial restructuring, transformation, and upgrading. Finally, market integration is poised to expedite the industrial division of labor and synergistic development between the cities, thus promoting a concentration of advanced manufacturing and new industries in the central cities and furthering the development of profitable industries in the central individual cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As breast cancer incidence rises among younger women, there is a knowledge gap regarding the emotional, physical, and social effects of mastectomy, specifically in a crisis-affected country such as Syria. This study aimed to explore these effects on young women with breast cancer in Syria, taking into consideration the cultural significance of a woman's breast as part of her feminine identity. Methods: A qualitative design, using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 10 young women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy, was conducted between June to December 2022. Results: Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, and five main themes were identified: (1) psychological and emotional well-being (altered self-esteem and femininity, impact on sexual life and relationships, psychological distress associated with mastectomy, mirror trauma and the need for psychological care); (2) body image and breast reconstruction (the dilemma over reconstruction decision, body image and clothing and lack of access to prosthetic information/services); (3) social and interpersonal factors (lack of marriage choices and society's view and stigma); (4) coping mechanisms with mastectomy effects (family support; faith in god almighty; comparing their situation to others and use of prosthetics) and (5) physical health and functioning (physical effects on mobility and function). Conclusion: Mastectomy has significant physical, emotional, and social consequences on young women with breast cancer, particularly in crisis-affected Syria where access to breast reconstruction is limited. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to understand these impacts, to raise awareness, encourage early detection, and promote less aggressive treatments to improve women's quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neighborhoods in the United States are highly segregated by race. Black–white segregation is particularly acute. Although racial segregation has been declining in recent years, it remains extremely high—especially in the largest metropolitan areas. The historical pattern has been that as African Americans move into a neighborhood, whites move out and thus the neighborhood (gradually or rapidly) transitions from predominantly white to predominantly black. A seemingly contradictory pattern has recently been observed: integrated neighborhoods are becoming more common. Why do some neighborhoods transition from white to black and others become integrated? We use racial competition theory to answer this question. We examine the characteristics of stable, integrated neighborhoods and contrast them with segregated predominantly white, predominantly black, and rapidly transitioning neighborhoods in six large metropolitan areas. We find that the location of black neighborhoods is a key factor in whether an integrated neighborhood remains integrated. Specifically, we find integrated neighborhoods are spatially distant from majority black neighborhoods while transitioning neighborhoods are adjacent to them. Our findings support the "sense of threat" hypothesis of racial competition theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Justice‐involved people experience high levels of housing instability and residential mobility, making the housing search a recurrent part of life. Little is known, however, regarding how criminal record stigma functions in the rental housing market. This article examines how housing providers use criminal records to screen tenants in the rental housing market and whether it varies by type of neighborhood. I conduct an online correspondence audit to test discriminatory behaviors and find an adverse criminal record effect on housing opportunities. Many housing providers disqualify all tenants with a criminal record, even without information about the severity or timing of offenses. The criminal record effect is significantly stronger in gentrifying neighborhoods and in neighborhoods where the proportion of Black residents is dwindling. Tenant screening emerges as a central obstacle faced by the justice‐involved population, vital to understanding the web of disadvantages that traps so many in the wake of the carceral state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Veteran populations are frequently diagnosed with mental health conditions such as substance use disorder and PTSD. These conditions are associated with adverse outcomes including a higher risk of suicide. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has designed a robust mental health system to address these concerns. Veterans can access mental health treatment in acute inpatient, residential, and outpatient settings. Residential programs play an important role in meeting the needs of veterans who need more structure and support. Residential specialty types in the VHA include general mental health, substance use disorder, PTSD, and homeless/work programs. These programs are affiliated with a DVA facility (i.e. medical center). Although residential care can improve outcomes, there is evidence that some patients are discharged from these settings before achieving the program endpoint. These unplanned discharges are referred to using language such as against medical advice, self-discharge, or irregular discharge. Concerningly, unplanned discharges are associated with patient harm including death by suicide. Although there is some initial evidence to locate factors that predict irregular discharge in VHA residential programs, no work has been done to examine features associated with irregular discharge in each residential specialty. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who were discharged from VHA residential treatment programs between January 2018 and September 2022. We included the following covariates: Principal diagnosis, gender, age, race/ethnicity, number of physical health conditions, number of mental health diagnostic categories, marital status, risk of homelessness, urbanicity, and service connection. We considered two discharge types: Regular and irregular. We used logistic regression to determine the odds of irregular discharge using models stratified by bed specialty as well as combined odds ratios and 95% CIs across program specialties. The primary purposes are to identify factors that predict irregular discharge and to determine if the factors are consistent across bed specialties. In a secondary analysis, we calculated facility-level adjusted rates of irregular discharge, limiting to facilities with at least 50 discharges. We identified the amount of residual variation that exists between facilities after adjusting for patient factors. Results A total of 279 residential programs (78,588 patients representing 124,632 discharges) were included in the analysis. Substance use disorder and homeless/work programs were the most common specialty types. Both in the overall and stratified analyses, the number of mental health diagnostic categories and younger age were predictors of irregular discharge. In the facility analysis, there was substantial variation in irregular discharge rates across residential specialties even after adjusting for all patient factors. For example, PTSD programs had a mean adjusted irregular discharge rate of 15.3% (SD: 7.4; range: 2.1–31.2; coefficient of variation: 48.4%). Conclusions Irregular discharge is a key concern in VHA residential care. Patient characteristics do not account for all of the observed variation in rates across residential specialty types. There is a need to develop specialty-specific measures of irregular discharge to learn about system-level factors that contribute to irregular discharge. These data can inform strategies to avoid harms associated with irregular discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population growth in urban centres and the intensification of segregation phenomena associated with international mobility require improved urban planning and decision-making. More effective planning in turn requires better analysis and geospatial modelling of residential locations, along with a deeper understanding of the factors that drive the spatial distribution of various migrant groups. This study examines the factors that influence the distribution of migrants at the local level and evaluates their importance using machine learning, specifically the variable importance measures produced by the random forest algorithm. It is conducted on high spatial resolution ( 100 × 100 grid cells) register data in Amsterdam and Copenhagen, using demographic, housing and neighbourhood attributes for 2018. The results distinguish the ethnic and demographic composition of a location as an important factor in the residential distribution of migrants in both cities. We also examine whether certain migrant groups pay higher prices in the most attractive areas, using spatial statistics and mapping for 2008 and 2018. We find evidence of segregation in both cities, with Western migrants having higher purchasing power than non-Western migrants in both years. The method sheds light on the determinants of migrant distribution in destination cities and advances our understanding of the application of geospatial artificial intelligence to urban dynamics and population movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A notional region was fashioned by the rulers of the sixteenth-century Deccan; they used cultural, economic, social, and urban organisations to define the region. In the choices they made about minting currency, marital alliances, or the distribution and scale of mosques, they defined their region. The sixteenth-century Deccan was known for geographical and social mobility, with people from several places around the Indian Ocean littoral. But they soon became part of this ecumene and found their own position within it. The kingdoms of the Deccan thus created their own world, fashioning a socio-cultural region that was not defined solely on the basis of politics. This paradigm of a region challenges the assumption that regions are defined only as parts of, or on the periphery of, larger imperial formations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To quantify differences, by residential remoteness and socio‐economic status, in health care service use by people diagnosed with invasive melanoma in Queensland. Design: Benefit incidence analysis of CancerCostMod data, comprising Queensland Cancer Registry data linked with Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection (QHAPDC), Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS), and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) data. Setting, participants: Adults (18 years or older) newly diagnosed with invasive melanoma in Queensland during 1 July 2011 – 31 June 2015 and alive three years after diagnosis. Main outcome measures: Concentration curves and indices quantifying differences by residential postcode‐based remoteness (Australian Statistical Geography Standard – Remoteness Area) and socio‐economic disadvantage (Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage) in hospital admissions (overall and by type) and use of MBS (overall and by type) and PBS services during the three years following diagnosis of invasive melanoma. Results: A total of 13 145 adults diagnosed with invasive melanoma during 2011–15 were alive three years after the diagnosis. Public hospital admissions were more frequent for people living in areas of greater socio‐economic disadvantage (concentration index, –0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], –0.19 to –0.12) or outside major cities (concentration index, –0.10; 95% CI, –0.13 to –0.06); private hospital admissions (concentration index, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.07–0.15) and specialist consultations (concentration index, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.07–0.10) were more frequent in areas of lesser disadvantage and in major cities (private hospital admissions: 0.10; 95% CI, 0.06–0.13; specialist services: 0.07; 95% CI, 0.06–0.09). Differences in other melanoma health care service use by residential remoteness and socio‐economic disadvantage were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Variation in health care service use by Queenslanders with primary diagnoses of invasive melanoma by residential socio‐economic disadvantage and remoteness were generally minor. Our analysis suggests that access to health care for people with melanoma is fairly equitable in Queensland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing evidence suggests that rates of population mobility are falling in many Global North countries. However, the magnitude, selectivity and the drivers of U.K. relocation trends remain poorly understood. Using survey data and regression decompositions, this study examines how relocation propensity during the traditionally highly mobile phase of young adulthood changed in the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2019. The results show that rates of long‐term address changing in young adulthood fell over this period due to changes in behaviour. Relocation has also become harder to predict as rates of address changing have fallen most sharply among those groups who were formerly the most mobile. The paper concludes by reflecting on the possible causes of these trends and the ways that more temporary forms of mobility may be substituting for long‐term relocations as transitions to adulthood become more protracted and precarious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential mobility in Prehispanic Mesoamerica is of paramount importance in bioarchaeology to determine the "how, where and why" people established biological, political and economic networks. The goal of this paper is to assess the presence of non-local people on the East Coast of the Yucatan Peninsula during the Late Postclassic (AD 1200–1540), and how they might have been perceived by the local Maya people. We analyze the presence, origin and mortuary distribution of 50 individuals based on their dental and bone 87Sr/86Sr signatures in the "urban" assemblage constituted by the archaeological sites known as El Rey and San Miguelito on Isla Cancun. Both sites present a strontium ratio "plateau" between 0.7091 and 0.7092, which is considered the local signature. Seven individuals, ranging in age from 5 years old to adulthood, were detected as potentially non-local, and originating from a wide range of regions both near and distant to Isla Cancun. Funerary patterns, burial location, and dietary data do not indicate these people were treated differently from the rest of the population, at least at the moment of death. This suggests that these non-locals might not have been perceived as "foreigners" and that they had integrated into the local community. Such mobility and cultural integration could have motivated by multiple factors, including economic and trade connections, or kinship relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Comorbidity between Substance Use Disorders and trauma/post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common, particularly within residential treatment services. Comorbidity is associated with poorer treatment retention and treatment outcomes. Integrated treatment approaches are increasingly recommended but are still under examined in residential treatment services. This study will implement and evaluate a novel model of trauma-informed care (TIC) in a youth (18-35 years) residential substance use treatment service. Methods and analysis: A single-armed, phase 1 implementation trial will be conducted in one residential treatment service. The model, co-developed with staff, incorporates: (i) workforce development in TIC through staff training and clinical supervision; adaptions to the service (ii) policies, procedures, and physical settings and (iii) treatment program adaptions (in delivery style and content) to be more trauma-informed; (iv) client screening and feedback for trauma and PTSD at service entry; and (v) the provision of support, referral and/or trauma-focused therapy to those with PTSD. Service outcomes will include adherence to the TIC model and client treatment completion. Client substance use and mental health measures will be collected at service entry, and 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-months follow up. Staff outcomes, including workplace satisfaction, burnout, and fatigue, as well as perceptions and confidence in delivering TIC will be collected at baseline, and at 3-, 6-, 12- and 18-months following training in the model. The sustainability of the delivery of the TIC model of care will be evaluated for 12 months using service and staff outcomes. Ethics and dissemination: The study has received ethical approval by the University of Queensland (Approval number: 2020000949). The results will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, presentations at scientific conferences, and distributed via a report and presentations to the partner organization. Clinical trial registration: ACTRN12621000492853. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to examine the impact of the built environment and weather conditions on travel time for bus passengers in Weinan, China. Various sources of data, including smart card data, bus GPS data, bus station data, road information data, and smart card swiping time, were integrated and analyzed. The study employed the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) model and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value to assess the feature importance and nonlinear effects of different types of POI density, weather conditions, and time series on bus passengers' travel time. The study findings indicate that several factors are associated with bus passengers' travel time, including destination residential density, destination diversity, destination life service density, origin science and education density, origin residential density, origin diversity, humidity, visibility, boarding time between 7 and 8 a.m., and precipitation. This study also reveals nonlinear threshold effects. The study findings provide valuable insights that can be utilized to optimize the bus network and develop low-carbon-oriented land-use planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Families relocating from concentrated poverty neighborhoods is somewhat rare, either due to structural constraints that limit mobility or the disincentive to leave dense social networks built over time. Researchers previously juxtaposed these two experiences as either "stuck" or "rooted". We advance a critical take on both perspectives by demonstrating the heterogeneity of life in disadvantaged neighborhoods for Black urban youth. We utilize data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the 1997 Child Development Supplement to investigate contextual immobility, barriers to moving, and self-reported levels of neighborhood social ties to critique prior research and emergent policy that categorizes disadvantaged populations as "stuck" or "rooted". Our findings demonstrate that immobility is most strongly associated with the household head lacking a high school education and with knowing more children's names in the neighborhood. Thus, immobility is associated with structural barriers to moving and social rootedness. We discuss how current policy strategies do not effectively address this duality. We conclude that policy strategies should facilitate intragenerational mobility through housing choice, including the choice to remain in the neighborhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the process of integrating immigrants into the labor market unfolds over many years, it is often modeled as outcomes (e.g. employment) at specific points in time. We contribute to the literature by providing empirical evidence of the sequence of events leading to active labor market participation of East African and EU15 immigrants to Sweden, whom we follow for up to 28 years. By combining the method of sequence analysis with binomial logit estimation, we can explain why individuals are sorted into different representative labor market sequences. A further contribution is that along the usual initial conditions (individual and geographic), we employ longitudinal micro data to find (1) representative sequences of movements between various types of neighborhoods and (2) an empirical estimate of individual ability, which turns out to be a strong predictor for immigrants entering an active labor market trajectory. Our results show that East Africans tend to reside in neighborhoods with a high degree of socioeconomic and ethnic segregation. Despite this, their labor market activity seems to be less influenced by neighborhood trajectories than EU15 immigrants. The labor market activity of EU15 immigrants and female East African immigrants is positively related to residing in less ethnically segregated and socioeconomically stronger neighborhoods. Our results are relevant to policy development since they point to the importance of the initial location of immigrants and their subsequent residential mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonality plays an important role in determining how and where everyday activities are conducted. Yet how seasonality shapes recreational mobilities in the city, and how it matters for everyday urban life, remain largely unexplored. Inspired by recent research on the weather as lived, this paper contributes to the understanding of urban recreational mobilities as shaped by runners negotiating the urban environment and its seasonality. Thereby, we also explore a specific way to examine the city. We studied recreational running during the dark season in Sweden, based on diary-interviews with thirty runners, employing practice theory and affordance theory to explore how places, practices, and affordances characterize running during this season. Our findings reveal ways in which runners engage in different running practices in different settings, with the forest, pavement, and hills as our examples, and with lights as an additional analytical lens. We show how runners, in their strategies for dealing with the dark season in a city, tend to avoid some characteristics of the city (traffic, noise) while taking advantage of others (street illumination, road, and pavement maintenance). Thus, running practices are partly formed by urban planning and maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the growing threat of housing instability in the United States, this study explores the variability in housing instability experiences in terms of severity and persistence by tracking low-income households in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics data from 2003 to 2017. First, this study examines the associations between one housing instability incident at a particular time and subsequent mobility trajectories. Second, by incorporating sequence analysis, this study explores the conditions under which low-income households are likely to suffer from more chronic forms of housing instability. The results reveal that the more severe one housing instability incident is, the more prolonged the entire housing instability experience is likely to be over time. The ability to maintain homeownership, repeated transitions in partnerships, job insecurity, and repetitively moving across distressed neighborhoods are the conditions for housing instability that occurs more frequently. Moreover, younger households and households with a member with health problems are likely to suffer from more chronic forms of housing instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at casting light on the ways in which spatial aspects of mobility and belonging serve as social‐psychological discursive resources used by Intra‐European Greek immigrants in order to account for integration. For the purposes of the study, 17 virtual interviews with Greek migrants in European cities were analysed. Interview discussion was facilitated by photographs of participants' meaningful places. In the analysis, accounts of belonging to the community 'in general' were juxtaposed to accounts of bonding with specific places. Participants, using spatial discursive resources and constituting complex relationships between political participation, citizenship and place, developed competing arguments and positioned themselves as integrated or excluded from local, national or supranational communities. Accounts of attachment to private and public places mobilized constructions of citizenship based on place appropriation and people–environment relations and constructed spatial or symbolic boundaries. The conclusions underscore the benefits of understanding migrant integration through multilevel (local, national and supranational) constructions of political participation and urban and localized perspectives of citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to gain insight into the experiences of social work practitioners', on how a social work bachelor's degree program prepares them for working in residential youth care settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore experiences of social workers. The interviews were thematically analyzed and three themes were identified: theoretical knowledge, practical skills and work setting. Participants reported that the theoretical knowledge they gained during their education was very valuable, but that the relevance of this knowledge depended on the specific work setting. Participants further wished they had received more practical training during their education, especially regarding dealing with severe problem behavior like aggression. Concerning the work setting, participants often felt insufficiently informed on and ill-prepared for understaffing, high turnover rates, the extensive list of tasks, and irregular working hours. Finally, findings imply a need to enrich the curriculum using role-playing and addressing gaps between education and the specific work setting by offering continued education after graduation in a flexible and modular way. Adjustments to the BSW curriculum may help social workers to be better prepared for the demanding workplace and thereby contributes to better outcomes of residential youth care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we seek to explore the demographic features of the frontline residential workforce (especially during the COVID-19 pandemic) and the potential impact of different funding models on the retention of residential care staff. More specifically, we compare the effects of a per-diem funding model and a budget-based funding model on the turnover rates of frontline child-care staff members at The Children's Village, a large child welfare agency in Dobbs Ferry, NY, USA. This study includes analysis of employee data from two cohorts over a period of five years (2017- 2021), with an average annual point in time cohort of 1,263 employees over the five year sample period. Using descriptive analyses, we find the following: (1) the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is visible in several key ways; (2) the budget-based programs showed a higher median length of stay, but a lower average and (3) turnover in per diem programs was higher than in budget-based programs in four out of five years, and overall across the five-year sample. We offer possible reasons for our findings, relevant implications, and areas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In human service organizations, staff are a key factor for ensuring quality and success. This is also the case in residential youth care. Staff turnover and shortages thus pose a serious challenge to residential youth care facilities. Consequently, strategies for recruiting and retaining staff are important in residential youth care. The article focuses on how residential youth care facilities in Germany assess their staffing situation and which strategies they employ for recruitment and retention. The data are from a 2019 survey of facilities throughout Germany offering residential care for children and youth. The descriptive analysis of the data shows that in spite of rather low staff turnover, the facilities are confronted with varied recruitment challenges. Furthermore, the data show that the facilities employ a wide range of strategies for recruiting and retaining staff. Both the size of the facility as well as the type of provider affect the staffing situation and the strategies employed for human resource development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kriging model can accommodate various spatial supports and has been extensively applied in hydrology, meteorology, soil science, and other domains. With the expansion of applications, it is essential to extend the kriging model for new spatial support of high-dimensional data. Geographical flows can depict the movements of geographical objects and imply the underlying mobility patterns in geographical phenomena. However, due to the bias, sparsity, and uneven quality of flow data in the real world, research about flows remains hindered by the lack of complete flow data and effective flow interpolation methods. In this study, we design a kriging interpolation model for flows based on several flow-related concepts and the autocorrelation of flows. We also analyze the second-order stationarity and anisotropy in the flow spatial random field. To illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of our method, we conduct two case studies. The former case study compares several experiments of flow density interpolation using Beijing mobile signaling data and illustrates the conditions of applicable areas. The latter case study extends our model to other flow attributes, such as travel time uncertainty, using Beijing taxi origin-destination flow data. The results of these cases demonstrate the effectiveness and high accuracy of our model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Early Agricultural period (2100 BC–AD 50), preceramic farmers in the Sonoran Desert invested considerable labor in canal-irrigated field systems while remaining very residentially mobile. The degree to which they exercised formal systems of land tenure, or organized their communities above the household level, remains contested. This article discusses the spatial and social organization of Early Cienega–phase settlements in the Los Pozos site group, an Early Agricultural site complex located along the Santa Cruz River in southern Arizona. At Los Pozos, the formal spatial organization of seasonal farmsteads suggests that despite continued residential mobility, multihousehold lineages maintained distinct territories. Enduring “house groups”—likely lineal groups—are associated with disproportionately large cemeteries, suggesting the revisitation of ancestral territory through occupational hiatuses. However, variability in the formality and permanence of Early Cienega–phase settlements throughout the region indicates a flexible continuum of occupational mobility. These higher-order affiliations were only expressed in persistent settlements near highly productive farmland, where the relative priority of households over improved land might be contested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the highlights of the Cultural Studies Association of Australasia (CSAA) annual conference held in Perth, Western Australia in June 2022. Topics include the concepts of bodies and change, the relationship between mobility, movement and tension in the cultural climate of disruption, and the power and influence of the media. Attendees included Edith Cowan, Debbie Rodan, and Dennis Wood.

Infectious disease spread is a spatiotemporal process with significant regional differences that can be affected by multiple factors, such as human mobility and manner of contact. From a geographical perspective, the simulation and analysis of an epidemic can promote an understanding of the contagion mechanism and lead to an accurate prediction of its future trends. The existing methods fail to consider the mutual feedback mechanism of heterogeneities between the interregional population interaction and the regional transmission conditions (e.g., contact probability and the effective reproduction number). This disadvantage oversimplifies the transmission process and reduces the accuracy of the simulation results. To fill this gap, a general model considering the spatiotemporal characteristics is proposed, which includes compartment modeling of population categories, flow interaction modeling of population movements, and spatial spread modeling of an infectious disease. Furthermore, the correctness of a theoretical hypothesis for modeling and prediction accuracy of this model was tested with a synthetic data set and a real-world COVID-19 data set in China, respectively. The theoretical contribution of this article was to verify that the interplay of multiple types of geospatial heterogeneities dramatically influences the spatial spread of infectious disease. This model provides an effective method for solving infectious disease simulation problems involving dynamic, complex spatiotemporal processes of geographical elements, such as optimization of lockdown strategies, analyses of the medical resource carrying capacity, and risk assessment of herd immunity from the perspective of geography. Key Words: geospatial heterogeneities, health geography, interregional population interaction, spatiotemporal analysis, transmission modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential mobility remains an underexplored yet critical construct that may influence the risk of violence among women who exchange sex. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between residential mobility and experience of client-perpetrated physical or sexual violence among women who exchange sex in Baltimore, Maryland. Participants were at least at 18 years of age, were cisgender women, reported having engaged in transactional sex three or more times within the last 3 months, and were willing to be contacted for 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-up visits. Analyses of responses from 370 women who exchange sex participating in at least one study visit were conducted. Unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression models of the association over time between residential mobility and recent experience of physical or sexual violence were fit. Generalized estimating equations with an exchangeable correlation structure and robust variance estimation were used to account for clustering of participants' responses over time. Findings demonstrated that those who had lived in at least four places in the past 6 months had a 39% increased risk of client-perpetrated physical violence (aRR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.07–1.80; p <.05) and a 63% increased risk of sexual violence (aRR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.14–2.32; p <.01) compared to their less-mobile counterparts. These findings provide necessary evidence of correlations over time between residential mobility and experience of client-perpetrated violence among women who exchange sex. Strengthening our understanding of how residential mobility intersects with violence is critical for the development of public health interventions that are relevant to women's lives and needs. Future interventions should explore including residential mobility, a critical pillar of housing instability, with efforts to address client-perpetrated violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the converging agreement on the linkages between climate and broader environmental change and human (im)mobilities, evidence gaps persist that often relate to data challenges. It remains necessary to improve knowledge and data to better map, understand, project, and address environmental migration, displacement, planned relocation, and immobilities. Analyses of continuing data gaps and strategies for innovative data use are key to rise to the challenge. This Special Section of International Migration highlights these gaps and presents innovative strategies to address them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential mobility after spinal cord injury (SCI) has not been extensively examined despite a growing interest in investigating the relationship between neighborhood exposures and community living outcomes. This study explores residential mobility patterns, the annual move rate, and reasons for moving among a community-living sample of adults with SCI. A survey was conducted with 690 people at six SCI Model Systems centers in the United States between July 2017 and October 2020. The outcomes included move status in the past 12 months, move distance, and the primary reason for moving. A sample from the 2019 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year pooled estimates was obtained for comparative analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the distributions of the outcomes and differences between the samples. The annual move rate for adults with SCI was 16.4%, and most moves were within the same county (56.6%). Recent movers were more likely to be young adults, be newly injured, and have low socioeconomic status. Housing quality, accessibility, and family were more frequently reported motivations for moving compared to employment. Young adults more commonly moved for family and accessibility, whereas middle-aged adults more commonly moved for housing quality. No notable difference was observed in the annual move rate between the SCI and the general population samples. These findings suggest an age-related pattern of residential relocation after SCI, which may be indicative an extended search for optimal living conditions that meet the housing and accessibility needs of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the embedded and embodied 'culture of geographic mobility' across contemporary visual artists' careers and its impacts on their feelings towards mobility and home. This article uncovers the under-explored aspects about artists' lifestyles, for whom geographic cross-border mobilities across Europe are a necessity throughout these artists' careers. In addition to changes in mobility patterns, pace, motives over their careers, there are also changes in their feelings towards mobilities and home across their careers and as they become older (career and age wise). Mobile careers can often start with feelings of freedom and comfort in having mobile homes. However, the effects of having mobile careers long-term can result in feelings of ambivalence, tensions and anguish towards mobility vis-à-vis home. This longitudinal study draws upon two sets of interviews conducted eight years apart with the same fifteen contemporary visual artists from Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. They were first interviewed in 2013 at the emerging stage in their career and they were interviewed again in 2021 at the established stage in their career. The nexus between careers, mobility and home helps to expand the 'mobilities paradigm', by sharing new knowledge on contemporary visual artists' mobilities and its effects on feelings of home across their careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With suburbanisation and gentrification becoming global phenomena, residential mobility has been incentivised and is extensively taken as a critical lens through which to understand the formation and variation of place attachment in different urban settings. Extant literature has suggested that the strength of place attachment is curvilinear across different geographical scales. However, limited research has investigated how processes and changes of residential mobility, embedded in different socioeconomic and structural settings, shape people's place attachment at the neighbourhood and city scales. To address this shortfall in the literature, this study employs a process‐based perspective by reconciling past housing experiences with that of the present to investigate how residential mobility affects place attachment based on a large‐scale survey in Shanghai in 2021. The findings show that the processual residential mobility relays profound influences on place attachment at different geographical scales. Specifically, homeownership secures residents' a privileged multi‐scale attachment. Meanwhile, access to state welfare housing in the past and at present, as well as residential moves driven by individual needs are more likely to engender a single‐scale attachment. Experiences with housing relocation and market rental exert negative influences on place attachment at both the city and neighbourhood scales. Both housing policy‐related structural factors and socioeconomic status have led to marginalised residential mobility, consequently entailing a sense of 'placelessness' in urban China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Redlining and other discriminatory government policies enacted during the first half of the Twentieth Century have had long-lasting negative effects on neighborhoods, especially those inhabited by people of color. This study attempts to link the practice of redlining to current-day indicators of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage and violent crime using spatio-temporal data from Chicago. Specifically, the study seeks to determine whether redlining has been associated with increased levels of concentrated disadvantage since its implementation in the 1930s. In addition, it seeks to determine whether redlining was associated with violent crime, and if that association was mediated by redlining's effect on concentrated disadvantage. The results indicate that redlining was associated with increases in both concentrated disadvantage and violent crime, and that redlining's relationship with violent crime was, indeed, partially mediated by its relationship with concentrated disadvantage. The findings from this study suggest that to reduce violent crime in urban communities, we cannot simply rely on our current punitive criminal justice system. Instead, policies should focus on reducing concentrated disadvantage and racial isolation by helping economically strengthen severely disadvantaged neighborhoods and by increasing residential mobility for individuals currently living in those neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates residential mobility in Poland. The main focus is placed on determining the level of housing mobility in Poland, as well as finding statistically significant differences between various socio-economic groups. The research was based on microdata from the 2017 wave of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS). The findings indicate that residential mobility in Poland was relatively low in comparison to other European Union member states, and there were statistically significant differences in housing mobility based on age, tenure status, income, wealth, level of education and the household's composition. The study concludes that improving housing affordability is crucial for enhancing housing mobility in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This perceptual-dialectology study investigates how listener-related social factors impact the geographical recognition of regional accents. In contrast to much prior research on English, our focus is on Dutch, which lends itself well to our study, allowing for notable regional accents within a well-defined standard language. Using a map-based recognition task in which 1,578 listeners placed forty representative speakers on a map based on fragments of their speech, we investigated the regional biases in accent recognition and the extent to which each listener's awareness of these depends on their familiarity and proximity. Education, geographical knowledge, and distance to listeners' own regions significantly predicted their accent-recognition accuracy. Moreover, we found a curvilinear age effect, which we interpret in terms of age-related changes in geographical and social mobility. We show how these effects in our design lead to meaningful accent-recognition patterns in groups of listeners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do exclusionary policies mobilize minority political participation? We theorize that the threat of exclusionary policies creates and resurfaces grievances that facilitate mobilization. To test our theory, we leverage Donald Trump's announcement of a peace plan for the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, which posed a threat to the citizenship status of Palestinian citizens of Israel residing in the Triangle area adjacent to the West Bank. First, using more than 170,000 posts from public Facebook groups and pages, we show that Trump's announcement was indeed a more salient political event for Triangle residents. Then, employing locality‐level election data as well as records detailing the origin of citizens' joining a Jewish‐Arab social movement, we use a difference‐in‐difference design to demonstrate that the threat to citizenship imposed by Trump's plan increased mobilization in the Triangle area. Our evidence from three distinct data sources suggests that threats of exclusion can mobilize minority political behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European policy makers are increasingly interested in higher spatial representations of future macro-economic consequences from climate-induced shifts in the energy demand. Indeed, EU sub-national level analyses are currently missing in the literature. In this paper, we conduct a macro-economic assessment of the climate change impacts on energy demand at the EU sub-national level by considering twelve types of energy demand impacts, which refer to three carriers (petroleum, gas, and electricity) and four sectors (agriculture, industry, services, and residential). These impacts have been estimated using climatic data at a high spatial resolution across nine Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) combinations. The impacts feed into a Computable General Equilibrium model, whose regional coverage has been extended to the sub-national NUTS2 and NUTS1 level. Results show that negative macroeconomic effects are not negligible in regions located in Southern Europe mainly driven by increased energy demand for cooling. By 2070, we find negative effects larger than 1% of GDP, especially in SSP5-RCP8.5 and SSP3-RCP4.5 with a maximum of − 7.5% in Cyprus. Regarding regional differences, we identify economic patterns of winners and losers between Northern and Southern Europe. Contrasting scenario combinations, we find that mitigation reduces adverse macro-economic effects for Europe up to a factor of ten in 2070, from 0.4% GDP loss in SSP5-RCP8.5 to 0.04% in SSP2-RCP2.6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant research shows that consumers are more likely to donate to close than distant others, making donations to geographically distant beneficiaries a challenge. This article introduces residential mobility as a novel variable that can lead to increased donations toward distant beneficiaries. This article proposes that residential mobility (vs. stability) leads consumers to have a stronger global identity, whereby they see themselves as world citizens. This global identity results in higher donations to distant beneficiaries. A multi-method approach provides evidence for this prediction. An analysis of a national panel dataset demonstrates that high residential mobility is correlated with donations to distant beneficiaries. Lab experiments, including one with real monetary donations, replicate these effects using both actual moving experience and a residential mobility mindset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the importance of collecting residential histories in order to better understand the impact of neighborhoods on health. The current practice of attributing neighborhood-level social determinants of health (SDoH) data to a patient's current residential location or a singular time point has led to a gap in knowledge regarding the cumulative effects of neighborhoods over time. The article suggests potential data sources for collecting residential history, such as leveraging commercial vendors, electronic medical records (EMRs), or patient self-reporting. The integration of residential history into clinical care could inform risk assessments and prompt conversations about unmet health or social needs. Privacy concerns and the need for clinician involvement in research and innovation are also addressed. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for future research to efficiently apply address histories and integrate neighborhood SDoH with other biological factors to better understand health and disease. [Extracted from the article]

This article interprets emerging scholarship on rental housing platforms—particularly the most well-known and used short- and long-term rental housing platforms—and considers how the technological processes connecting both short-term and long-term rentals to the platform economy are transforming cities. It discusses potential policy approaches to more equitably distribute benefits and mitigate harms. We argue that information technology is not value-neutral. While rental housing platforms may empower data analysts and certain market participants, the same cannot be said for all users or society at large. First, user-generated online data frequently reproduce the systematic biases found in traditional sources of housing information. Evidence is growing that the information broadcasting potential of rental housing platforms may increase rather than mitigate sociospatial inequality. Second, technology platforms curate and shape information according to their creators' own financial and political interests. The question of which data—and people—are hidden or marginalized on these platforms is just as important as the question of which data are available. Finally, important differences in benefits and drawbacks exist between short-term and long-term rental housing platforms, but are underexplored in the literature: this article unpacks these differences and proposes policy recommendations.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include a range of abusive, neglectful, and dysfunctional household behaviors that are strongly associated with long-term health problems, mental health conditions, and societal difficulties. The study aims to uncover significant factors influencing ACEs in children aged 0–17 years and to propose a predictive model that can be used to forecast the likelihood of ACEs in children. Machine learning models are applied to identify and analyze the relationships between several predictors and the occurrence of ACEs. Key performance metrics such as AUC, F1 score, recall, and precision are used to evaluate the predictive strength of different factors on ACEs. Family structures, especially non-traditional forms such as single parenting, and the frequency of relocating to a new address are determined as key predictors of ACEs. The final model, a neural network, achieved an AUC of 0.788, a precision score of 0.683, and a recall of 0.707, indicating its effectiveness in accurately identifying ACE cases. The model’s ROC and PR curves showed a high true positive rate for detecting children with two or more ACEs while also pointing to difficulties in classifying single ACE instances accurately. Furthermore, our analysis revealed the intricate relationship between the frequency of relocation and other predictive factors. The findings highlight the importance of familial and residential stability in children’s lives, with substantial implications for child welfare policies and interventions. The study emphasizes the need for targeted educational and healthcare support to promote the well-being and resilience of at-risk children.

The environment undergoes shifts across various timescales, yet presently, human intervention remains the primary solution provider and is likely to persist in this role for the next few centuries. While it is widely recognised that human-induced, or anthropogenic, climate change contributes to global warming, what is often underestimated are the direct impacts of heavy rainfall, droughts, and storms, incurring significant costs for both society and the environment. The expansion of human populations has led to the conversion of natural ecosystems for agricultural, industrial, and residential purposes, creating a demand for environmental inputs such as fresh water, fiber, and soil fertility. This heightened demand puts increased pressure on the capacity of natural ecosystems. Deforestation, expanding agriculture, illegal fishing and hunting, unplanned tourism, and pesticide pollution have collectively led to the progressive degradation of natural habitats. The consequence is a loss of biodiversity and the removal of forests, disrupting the food and shelter sources for wildlife residing in these ecosystems. Scientific research aims to comprehend the scale of biodiversity, and land use, and contribute to mitigating the impacts of land use changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]