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The aim of the present study was to predict and analyze the secondary structure, and B and T cell epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus antigen 5 (Ag5) using online software in order to investigate its immunogenicity and preliminarily evaluate its potential as an effective antigen peptide vaccine for cystic echinococcosis. The PortParam program was used to analyze molecular weight, the theoretical isoelectric point, instability index and other physicochemical properties. The secondary structure of the Ag5 protein was predicted using Self-Optimized Prediction method With Alignment and the tertiary structure of the Ag5 protein was predicted using 3DLigandSite together with Center for Biological Sequence Analysis Prediction Servers. Furthermore, the Immune Epitope Database software was used to predict B cell epitopes, and T cell epitopes were predicted with the BioInformatics and Molecular Analysis Section and SYFPEITHI programs. The results demonstrated that α-helixes, β-turns, random coils and extended strands account for 23.35, 10.95, 41.32, and 24.38% of the secondary structure of the Ag5 protein, respectively. Ten potential B cell epitopes of Ag5 were identified as the amino acids sequences 27-39, 70-80, 117-130, 146-168, 250-262, 284-293, 339-349, 359-371, 403-412 and 454-462, and seven potential T cell epitopes were identified as the amino acid sequences 52-60, 57-65, 182-190, 231-239, 273-281, 318-326 and 467-475. Thus, ten B cell epitopes and seven T cell epitopes were identified on Ag5, suggesting the strong immunogenicity of this protein, which could be applied to design antigen peptide vaccines for echinococcosis.

Rh/(Ce,Zr,La)O

(Ce,Zr,La)O

At present,Western medicine is widely used in the treatment of epilepsy.However,about 30%-40% of epileptic patients are resistant to them and are affected by the side effects of these drugs.Traditional Chinese medicine is effective in treating epileptic seizures and relieving complications caused by Western medicine.However,the active ingredients and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine remain unclear.This article reviews and summarizes the advances and mechanisms in treating epilepsy,such as Chinese medicine monomer,the extracts of single Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine compound.Chinese medicine monomers,including gastrodin,asarone,rhynchophylline,ligustrazine,tanshinone ⅡA,curcumin,etc.,have antiepileptic effects via regulating excitatory neurotransmitters and receptors,the expression of inflammatory factors,sodium/potassium ion channels and the expression of apoptotic protein,therefore protecting neurons.The extracts of single Chinese herbal including the extracts of Gastrodiae Rhizoma,Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma,Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Ganoderma,Scutellariae Radix and Ginkgo Folium,etc.,have antiepileptic effects related to the inhibition of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor,upregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway and reduction of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and oxidative stress response.Furthermore,these extracts can regulate ion channels and reduce oxidative damage of neurons.Chinese medicine compounds including Dianxian Qing Granules,Danxing Ningxian Granules,Huoxue Dingxian formulae,etc.,can improve the therapeutic effect on epilepsy through simultaneously regulating excitatory transmitters,apoptosis factors and cytokines.

This paper proposes a hybrid control strategy of single-phase inverter, and it makes combination the fuzzy control technology and instantaneous feedback control technology of the current, and it solves the problem of load uncertainty and load model is difficult to established. Through ant colony optimization algorithm the problem that control parameters to solve the problem of the fuzzy control are depended on expert experience is solved. And on the basis of fuzzy voltage outer, the loop current inner loop is added, and through using current loop, it can effectively restrain the load disturbance, current limiting step in the current inner ring at the same time, thus it solve the inverter power supply for impact load adaptability. It not only can make the inverter power supply system output high quality steady-state voltage waveform, but also it can get fast dynamic response. Finally under the environment of Matlab simulation, the simulation results are demonstrated, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed compound control strategy are also verfied.

The effect of copper addition on the microstructure, corrosion properties, mechanical properties and cell toxicity of L-605 (CoCrWNi) alloy was investigated in order to develop a novel biological function alloy by the addition of Cu element. Alloy samples with Cu contents range from 1 to 4 wt% were conventionally cast. Scanning electron microscope and electron probe microanalysis results revealed that dendritic segregation occurred in all alloys during casting process. The XRD patterns for all specimens indicated that the phase constituents were mainly γ phase. Electrochemical test and metal ion release were conducted in an aqueous solution of 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) to reveal the variation of corrosion properties among samples with different Cu contents. The results showed that the addition of Cu element decreased the corrosion resistance. Meanwhile, it was concluded from the mechanical results that Cu addition would slightly decrease the microhardness and have a limited influence on the compression properties. Furthermore, CCK8 results revealed that CoCrWNi–Cu alloys showed good cell viability and the addition of Cu element did not cause cell toxicity.

Rh/(Ce,Zr,La)O2 (CZL) catalysts with different Ce/Zr molar ratios of 1:0, 8:1, 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 0:1 were prepared. The relationship of microstructure, dynamic oxygen mobility and the redox properties with catalytic activity for HC, CO and NOx eliminations were investigated. The results demonstrate that CZL mixed oxide with Ce/Zr ratio of 1:1 exhibits the largest OSC values as 904.3 umol·g-1 and structural defects. The increase of oxygen vacancies and structural defects would promote the interaction between Rh species and CZL mixed oxides, which further promotes the stabilization of RhOx particles and enhances the oxygen storage/release ability. Rh/CZLx catalysts with Ce/Zr molar ratio of 1:1–1:4 exhibit better catalytic activity and wider dynamic operation window due to their higher DOSC.

The prediction of stable state of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is crucial to obtain fundamental insight to the excellent properties of HEAs. Taking a FeCuCrMnMo alloy as a case study, we combined Monte Carlo (MC) method with the density functional thoery (DFT) calculations (MC/DFT) to predict the equilibrium structure of high-entropy alloys in a finite unit cell. Instead of approaching the ideal random state obtained from special quasi-random approximation (SQS) method, physical factors such as atomic size, mixing enthalpy of atomic pairs, and interatomic interactions in the alloy are fully considered and implemented in our simulation by MC/DFT calculations. MC codes ensure the energy convergence of the system to the equilibrium state through the atom exchange process. The equilibrium structures exhibit Cu-rich short-range orders (SRO), which is consistent with the observation in experiments. Comparing with ideal random state structure, SRO structure is more stable in energy, and more closely packed in atomic arrangement. Moreover, the analyses of order parameters and radial distribution functions (RDFs) are performed to character the structure of high-entropy alloy. The order parameter of Cu-Cu atomic pair reaches to –0.53 in the SRO equilibrium structure, which indicates that Cu-rich regions appear in the alloy. The RDFs show that the atomic distance distribution of the SRO structure is between 2.25 Å to 2.7 Å, which is smaller than the range of 2.16 Å to 2.84 Å in the SQS structure, indicating that the lattice distortions is relatively small in the SRO structure after structural optimization. The appearing of SRO phenomena is attributed to the inherent characteristics of atoms, including (i) atomic size, (ii) interatomic mixing enthalpy and (iii) the interaction of atoms. Atomic sizes in the FeCuCrMnMo alloy are in the order of Fe (11.78) < Cu (11.81) < Cr (11.97) < Mn (14.38) < Mo (15.58), in unit of Å3/atom. The relatively large sizes of Mn and Mo atoms should disadvantage the pairing of Mo-Mo and Mn-Mn. The mixing enthalpy of Cu with other atoms are all positive values, indicating that Cu is not favor of pairing other elements and precipitate itself. The analyses of density of state (DOS) and Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (COHP) also support the results. The reason is exactly attributed to the inactive valence electrons of Cu. Furthermore, the effect of SRO on the magnetic and mechanical properties are investigated. The existence of SRO decreases the mean value of magnetic moment, and results in an increase of elastic moduli (B, G and E) and a decrease in the ductility and anisotropy properties.

To investigate the levels of cytokines in the sera of mice chronically infected with the larvae ofThe protoscoleces were isolated from the livers and lungs of sheep infected withIn contrast to the control group, the multiple cysts were found in the abdominal cavity, livers and lungs of the infected mice. Moreover, the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-12P70 and TNF-α in the sera of the infected mice were significantly higher than those in the control group (Higher inflammatory cytokines in the mice chronically infected with the larvae of

This study sought to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Polyene Phosphatidylcholine (PPC), a clinical drug that is used to treat hepatopathy, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and on bovine collagen II-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. In stimulated primary and Raw264.7 macrophages by LPS, PPC significantly down-regulated the relative expression of mRNA such as IL-6, TNF-α, TLR-2, TLR-4, MyD88, and NF-κB while up-regulated IL-10 and TGF-β expression. Moreover, the concentration of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β in the cultured supernatants showed the similar tendency with their mRNA alterations. In addition, PPC could significantly inhibit the LPS-induced expression of MyD88 and NF-κB p65 in both mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that PPC could down-regulate the LPS-stimulated inflammation in macrophages through TLR-2/TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in vitro. Furthermore, to explore its effects in vivo, PPC was administrated to CIA rats. In comparison to CIA group, PPC-treated rats showed decreased arthritis score and osteopenia. Besides, PPC exhibited its ability to alleviate the degree of synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and destruction of cartilage and bone, thus remarkably improving the condition of CIA rats. In short, this study demonstrated that PPC had the potential to be an anti-inflammatory drug to treat inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.

For high speed trains running at 300km/h or more, the aerodynamic noise becomes the primary noise source. A good knowledge of the location, spectral characteristics and propagation behavior of the noise source and the corresponding methods to reduce the effect of the aerodynamic noise are of crucial necessity during the design process of the high speed train. Based on the Lighthill Analogy, the pressure fluctuation of air at the surface of the train is acquired by simulating the flow field of a CRH3 high speed train running at 200 km/h, 300 km/h, 400 km/h and 500km/h by means of large eddy simulation method. By Fourier transformation, the distribution and the spectral characteristics of the surface acoustic dipole sources are obtained. The analysis of the results shows that the aerodynamic noise of the high speed train is a broadband noise with a strong radiation power band from 50Hz to 1000Hz. The dipole acoustic power calculated by statistically averaged on train surface is found to be proportional to the sixth power of running speed of the high speed train. The first and second bogie, the inter-car gap, the air deflector of the power train and the train nose of the last wagon are the main noise sources that contain high radiation energy.

Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and PDGF receptor-β (PDGFR) play critical roles in proliferation and envolving into MsPGN of mesangial cells in embryonic development. The mechanisms can be demonstrated mainly from several aspects such as promoting the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells (GMC), stimulating the GMC expression of extracellular matrix components and synergism with other growth factors like transform growth factor-β (TGF-β) and so on. As in the pathological development of mesangial proliferative lesions, GMCs is not only the victim of kidney damage but also the direct participants. GMCs can secrete excessive PDGF - BB and other growth factors which could react to GMCs, leading to malignant progress of kidney damage. Therefore, inhibiting GMCs over expression of PDGF-BB and blocking the effect of PDGF-BB on promoting proliferation and ECM accumulation is undoubtedly an effective way to delay kidney damage.

Lanthanide hexaaluminate powders of LaMgAl 11 O 19 (LMA), NdMgAl 11 O 19 (NMA) and GdMgAl 11 O 19 (GMA) were synthesized via the solid state reaction or sol–gel and calcination method. The LMA and NMA powders synthesized by the sol–gel and calcination method at 1600 °C for 8 h exhibit a single hexaaluminate phase with magnetoplumbite structure; however, the GMA powder synthesized by the sol–gel and calcination method at 1600 °C for 8 h contains both a hexaaluminate phase and a small amount of second phase GdAlO 3 with a perovskite structure. The powders synthesized by the solid state reaction method at 1500 °C for 4 h have a small particle size of 1–3 μm, and a large specific surface area and a good uniformity. The powders synthesized by the sol–gel and calcination method at 1600 °C for 8 h have a particle size of 5–20 μm, and exhibit to a certain extent agglomeration.

The impeller as the key part of aircraft engine components, and the impeller blade surface is complex, and it is a typical complex difficult machining parts. Five-axis NC machining is the important means to realize sculptured curved surface parts machined with high quality and efficiency. In this paper, in view of the interference problems occurred in the process of impeller five-axis NC machining tool path generating, the configuration space method is proposed to tackle the problem of interference, cutter location point as constraint conditions, the cutter position is described by using two angle parameters, optimization of cutter position, tool path generated without interference, improve the impeller machining quality and production efficiency. Finally, as a case study of a certain type of impeller, it makes arithmetic realization combining with MATLAB.