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Objetivo. Analizar la producción científica sobre la adicción a internet en adolescentes. Metodología. Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, de artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2020, en revistas indexadas en las bases de datos de PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y ERIC. Para realizar la revisión, se parte de una búsqueda parametrizada usando las palabras clave: internet, adolescentes, adicción, tratamiento, prevención, educación, uso problemático, uso abusivo y uso excesivo, que se combinan con el operador booleano and. Tras una identificación inicial de 319 elementos, 24 artículos cumplen criterios de inclusión relativos a la idoneidad temática, el idioma y la edad de las personas destinatarias. Fueron revisados y analizados de forma inductiva, atendiendo a las denominaciones, la prevalencia e incidencia, los instrumentos y las intervenciones realizadas. Resultados. Se constata una falta de consenso tanto en la terminología utilizada como en los instrumentos de medida, un escaso abordaje educativo y poca eficacia de las intervenciones empleadas. Conclusiones. El interés de los resultados obtenidos radica en hacer posible una serie de recomendaciones que contribuirán a un mejor abordaje de esta problemática: uniformar la terminología y la conceptualización empleada para referirse a este campo de estudio, unificar los instrumentos de medida, ya que los actuales arrojan datos muy diferentes. Finalmente, para ayudar a paliar la adición a internet de adolescentes, se ha constatado la necesidad de desarrollar programas de prevención y de intervención educativa, promovidos desde las administraciones públicas, que permitan el acceso a todos los grupos, especialmente los más vulnerables.

The Feminist HCI is characterized as the integration of feminist theory into HCI practice, which can occur at all stages of the design process, including user research, prototyping and evaluation. However, there is still a research gap on the integration of feminism with established HCI methods. An HCI methodology that is also concerned with human values and the possible consequences of technological artifacts is Value Sensitive Design (DSV). The present work seeks to answer how to include Feminism HCI in the HCI Project with the VSD. This research took place in the context of ELLAS Project, an Open Data platform that aims to contribute to the reduction of the gender difference in STEM in Brazil, Peru and Bolivia.

Sea turtles are an iconic group of marine megafauna that have been exposed to multiple anthropogenic threats across their different life stages, especially in the past decades. This has resulted in population declines, and consequently many sea turtle populations are now classified as threatened or endangered globally. Although some populations of sea turtles worldwide are showing early signs of recovery, many still face fundamental threats. This is problematic since sea turtles have important ecological roles. To encourage informed conservation planning and direct future research, we surveyed experts to identify the key contemporary threats (climate change, direct take, fisheries, pollution, disease, predation, and coastal and marine development) faced by sea turtles. Using the survey results and current literature, we also outline knowledge gaps in our understanding of the impact of these threats and how targeted future research, often involving emerging technologies, could close those gaps.

Resumo Esse artigo investiga em que medida as fontes de desigualdades do desempenho escolar e de expectativas educacionais por raça/cor são resultantes de desvantagens socioeconômicas, da heterogeneidade de estilos parentais ou se advêm de fatores residuais não observáveis. As análises utilizam dados da pesquisa Fundaj que disponibiliza informações relativas à raça/cor, aspirações educacionais futuras e uma avaliação longitudinal do desempenho escolar. A estratégia de identificação utiliza o método de Propensity Score Matching. Os resultados mostram que as disparidades educacionais entre estudantes do 6º ano do ensino fundamental da rede pública do Recife, que se declaram pretos ou de outra raça/cor, persistem em termos de reprovação e expectativa de ingresso ao ensino superior, mesmo após o condicionamento em um amplo controle de observáveis, sugerindo que a fonte dessas disparidades decorre de fatores não observáveis na análise. Apesar das famílias de estudantes pretos se engajarem mais ativamente no acompanhamento escolar de seus filhos do que familiares de estudantes não-pretos, esse maior envolvimento não tem sido suficiente para neutralizar as desigualdades educacionais por raça/cor. Alunos pretos possuem taxas de reprovação maiores do que seus colegas não-pretos e menores expectativas de acesso ao ensino superior em cerca de 5 pontos percentuais, diferenças estatisticamente significantes a 5%.

Introduction: Personal, behavioral, and environmental risk factors are correlated to varying degrees with each other and with the overall likelihood of violent reinjury. When used with fidelity, risk assessment instruments, including the violence reinjury risk assessment instrument (VRRAI), identify domains in which individuals present elevated risk levels to aid in matching services with needs. Less is known about the collinearity among risk factors for violently injured individuals admitted to hospitals. Collinearity between risk factors has ramifications for predictive modeling of violent reinjury risk. The objective of this study was to identify significantly correlated risk factors when the VRRAI was used by hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIP) for clients. Materials and Methods: Victims of violent injury by modality of firearm, stabbing, and physical assault who were admitted to a level 1 trauma center at a single institution were voluntarily enrolled in a hospital-based violence intervention program (HVIP) between September 2020 and June 2022. Violence intervention specialists (VIS) completed the VRRAI within the first month of participant enrollment. The VRRAI is comprised of 29 binary indicators that may signal elevated risk of violent reinjury. Data from completed assessments were used to apply risk-need-responsivity (RNR) principles along with phi coefficients of key indicators to examine overlap and prevalence in the population. Results: A total of 98 participants were enrolled in the HVIP. The median age was 27 years old and 79 (80.6%) were male, while 66 (67.3%) were non-Hispanic Black or African American, 9 (9.2%) were non-Hispanic White, and 17 (17.3%) identified as Hispanic or Latino. Several statistically significant relationships existed between key risk indicators in the VRRAI. Importantly, a robust relationship was found between the two dynamic risk factors of having heavy connection with gangs and a perception of imminent threat of violence (φc = 0.57, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Data suggest that some variables could be consolidated or removed from the VRRAI to create an even shorter instrument that can be performed more rapidly in the clinical setting. The application of the RNR model illustrates a limited number of dynamic risk factors that could be immediately addressed as part of case management should be prioritized among the questions selected from the VRRAI for inquiry at the intake assessment.

Pese a lo extenso de su obra, la figura de Gutiérrez Soto resulta muy difícil de clasificar en el contexto arquitectónico de su época. La mayoría de sus coetáneos coincidieron en señalar su enorme capacidad de trabajo y sus excelentes aptitudes para el dibujo. Sin embargo, el carácter diverso de su obra y su personalidad segura e incierta, han contribuido en ocasiones a oscurecer su figura ante la imposibilidad de asociarlo con un movimiento concreto. Su legado gráfico aporta un amplio discurso narrativo a su obra construida, a la vez que comparte una visión pragmática de la arquitectura proyectada. Producción arquitectónica y producción gráfica se traban en un solo lenguaje. La herencia gráfica de Gutiérrez Soto, discurre en paralelo a sus etapas vitales, reflejo de una época marcada por circunstancias extremas. A pesar de ello, nada en su obra parece salirse de la norma y, sin embargo, en conjunto constituye una herencia extraordinaria.

This study identifies and analyzes the plant communities that allow the definition of the geographic limits between Temperate and Mediterranean macrobioclimates, for the center of Portuguese mainland. The altitude of Serra da Estrela, Açor and Lousã, combined with the increase in atmospheric humidity, allows the presence of vegetation typical of a Temperate macrobioclimate. Thus, based on the phytosociological methodology, floristic relevés were carried out in order to identify the series of vegetation existing in these territories. Through these relevés carried out, four new plant associations were identified: Cytisetum grandifloro-striati ass. nova, Scrophulario grandiflorae-Sambucetum nigrae ass. nova, Pruno lusitanicae-Coryletum avellanae ass. nova that lives in the submediterranean bioclimatic variant, mesotemperate humid to hyper-humid. A new association namely Genisto falcatae-Quercetum broteroanae ass. nova with two subassociations were also identified. Based on the vegetation distribution, new biogeographic limits are proposed. Thus, it was intended to identify the southern limits of the European Atlantic Province (Atlantic Orolusitania Subrovince) based on the vegetation cover, namely the distinction between the Estrela Sierran District and a new Biogeographical District, the Alvo-Gardunhense.

El dibujo ha sido parte inseparable del discurso creativo del proyecto arquitectónico, tanto formativo como profesional. El artículo trata de hacer una reflexión alrededor de la disciplina del dibujo desde su aproximación formativa y profesional, valorando un escenario de transformación del lenguaje gráfico en constante permanencia, sobre todo a raíz de las últimas transformaciones e implementaciones digitales a partir de finales del siglo XX, y en los momentos actuales en los que estamos sometidos a fuertes cambios relacionados con la implementación de recursos que provienen desde esa transformación digital y que avanzan hacia otra más profunda de la mano de los últimos desarrollos relacionados con la inteligencia artificial. El trabajo del arquitecto es arte y técnica, que establece un diálogo entre la creación artística y la construcción técnica. Las nuevas herramientas hacen realidad una producción más ordenada y precisa de la arquitectura, y la conectan con los nuevos tiempos y las nuevas demandas sociales. Aproximaciones contemporáneas e implementaciones tecnológicas y metodológicas en el ámbito de la arquitectura nos introducen en procedimientos analógicos y digitales desde ámbitos creativos y constructivos, y desde ese punto de vista podemos afirmar que nuestros dibujos son modelos inteligentes que no coartan las capacidades del arquitecto.

Partindo-se da premissa de que a sociedade brasileira é caracterizada pela desigualdade de gênero enquanto reflexo de um sistema patriarcal, revela-se imprescindível a efetivação dos direitos fundamentais em prol desses grupos vulneráveis, sobretudo às mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica e familiar. Dessarte, a violência de gênero tem sido objeto de constante preocupação dos operadores do direito, notadamente pelos altos índices de feminicídio no Brasil, demonstrando a necessidade premente de ações efetivas no enfrentamento à violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher. Por conseguinte, a concretização de políticas públicas voltadas ao combate da violência contra a mulher é um dos fatores preponderantes na busca da erradicação desse tipo de criminalidade. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a importância da atuação do Ministério Público ante esse grave problema social que assola o País e gera impacto em toda a coletividade, até mesmo econômico, de maneira que o Ministério Público, enquanto legítimo agente de transformação social, nos termos da Constituição da República, de 1988, pode contribuir efetivamente em prol de políticas públicas deficitárias ou até mesmo inexistentes. A adoção de um modelo institucional de ação coparticipativa por meio de uma atuação proativo-dialógica encontra-se em consonância com o perfil de um Ministério Público Resolutivo, priorizando a função extrajudicial da instituição e destacando seu papel de indutor de políticas públicas.

This paper concerns a viscoelastic Kirchhoff-type equation with the dispersive term, internal damping, and logarithmic nonlinearity. We prove the local existence of a weak solution via a modified lemma of contraction of the Banach fixed-point theorem. Although the uniqueness of a weak solution is still an open problem, we proved uniqueness locally for specifically suitable exponents. Furthermore, we established a result for local existence without guaranteeing uniqueness, stating a contraction lemma.

Abstract The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to identify potential differences in the ruminal and fecal metabolite profiles of Nelore bulls under different nutritional interventions; and (2) to identify metabolites associated with cattle sustainability related-traits. We used different nutritional interventions in the feedlot: conventional (Conv; n = 26), and by-product (ByPr, n = 26). Thirty-eight ruminal fluid and 27 fecal metabolites were significantly different (P

Currently, there seems to be a decline in direct experiences of nature, with a consequent decrease in connection with nature, which could unavoidably result in negative consequences, especially in what concerns children. With the goal of narrowing this ever-growing gap, as well as raising awareness for the importance of outdoor spaces/nature as promoters of development and learning, the Invisible Limits Project (IL) was founded. Thus, the present investigation aimed to better understand the enrollment motives, sociodemographic variables, parenting styles and Nature Relatedness (NR) of parents who enrolled their children in IL, as well as to analyze these same variables and identify parent profiles based on NR and frequency of nature contact, while additionally attempting to ascertain the role of contact with nature as a predictor of NR, all in an effort to rethink and improve existing educational offers. The investigation follows a comparative typology, counting 286 total participants, divided into an experimental group (n=135) - comprised of those who enrolled their children in IL - and a control group (n=151), to which the previous criterion did not apply. For the statistical analysis of the collected data, IBM SPSS Statistics v25, jamovi v1.6, JASP 0.16.1.0 and MaxQDA v2020.4 were used. In what pertains to the results, the main reason for parents to enrol their children in an educational experience in nature was the promotion of contact with nature. Additionally, there were no observable differences between groups, regarding both parenting styles and NR. Concomitantly, frequent contact with nature (both during childhood and throughout life) was determined to be a predictor of a higher NR. In view of the results and in view of the current climate changes, as well as life’s sustainability on the planet, further studies are required, in order to better understand one’s connection with nature.

A reluctance to eat and/or avoidance of novel foods is characterized as food neophobia (FN). FN restricts the diet to familiar foods when, in fact, it should be much more varied. FN can be a barrier to healthy foods, affecting the quality of diet, and impairing children’s growth and development. Therefore, according to their caregivers’ perceptions, this study aimed to evaluate FN in children from Federal District/Brazil. The Brazilian Children’s Food Neophobia Questionnaire (BCFNeo), a specific instrument developed and validated in Brazil, was answered by caregivers of children aged 4 to 11 y/o. Sampling occurred through snowball recruitment, being convenient and non-probabilistic. The Health Sciences Ethics Committee approved the study. The analysis evaluated FN in total (BCFNeoTot) and in the following domains: general (FNgen), for fruits (FNfru), and for vegetables (FNveg). FN scores were compared between sex and child’s age and categorized according to three ordinal levels. FN levels were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni correction, was performed to analyze differences in FN according to the environment. Of the caregivers’ answers for their children, 595 answers were included, because 19 were out of age. The prevalence of high FN was 42.9%. The domain with the highest prevalence of high FN was vegetables (48.6%). Children aged 8 to 11 y/o had a higher mean FN in two domains (FNgen p = 0.047 and FNveg p = 0.038) when compared to children aged 4 to 7 y/o. Boys were more neophobic in all domains (FNgen p = 0.017; FNfru p = 0.010; FNveg p = 0.013; BCFNeoTot p = 0.008), and FN tends not to decrease with age. The results showed that the children of the FD are more neophobic than Brazilian children in general, highlighting the importance of additional studies in FN determinants in this population and nutritional education interventions to reduce FN among FD children.

Healthy nutrition is considered a key factor in special diets, enhanced quality of life, and sustainability [...]

The high cost and limited availability of home spirometers pose a significant barrier to effective respiratory disease management and monitoring. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a novel Venturi-based spirometer designed for home use, leveraging the Bernoulli principle. The device features a 3D-printed Venturi tube that narrows to create a pressure differential, which is measured by a differential pressure sensor and converted into airflow rate. The airflow is then integrated over time to calculate parameters such as the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1). The system also includes a bacterial filter for hygienic use and a circuit board for data acquisition and streaming. Evaluation with eight healthy individuals demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.955 for FVC and 0.853 for FEV1. Furthermore, when compared to standard Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) equipment, the spirometer exhibited strong correlation, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.992 for FVC and 0.968 for FEV1, and high reliability, with ICCs of 0.987 for FVC and 0.907 for FEV1. These findings suggest that the Venturi-based spirometer could significantly enhance access to spirometry at home. However, further large-scale validation and reliability studies are necessary to confirm its efficacy and reliability for widespread use.

The Canadian Fire Weather Index System (CFWIS), empirically developed for forests in Canada, estimates the fuel moisture content (mf) at different depths and loads through meteorological parameters. While it is often suggested that adapting an existing fire danger rating system like CFWIS for a new environment requires developing new relationships or modifying existing ones, it is worth considering if such adaptations are always necessary. Based on a dataset of field measurements for surface litter (Pinus pinaster) carried out in the central region of Portugal (2014–2023), we propose a correction of mf based on the Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) of the CFWIS. This moisture correction was used to determine the Initial Spread Index (ISI) directly and, subsequently, the Fire Weather Index (FWI). Fire records from the study region were used to analyze the performance of the corrected indices. We found that the moisture correction led to higher values and potentially more accurate indices under dry conditions but did not provide a significant improvement in predicting the number of fires and burned areas compared to the original indices. The results suggest that, in relation to fire activity, the CFWIS is sufficiently robust to variations in the fuel moisture content in the study region.

Despite their familiarity with technology, higher education students often lack the critical skills needed to assess the credibility of online health information, potentially impacting their health decisions and well-being. This study aims to validate and assess the e-Health Literacy Scale among those in Portuguese higher education. In addition, this study focused on measuring their e-health literacy levels and investigating how these skills relate to different sociodemographic variables. This cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases. Initially, the test–retest reliability and reproducibility of measured e-health literacy were assessed with a convenience sample of 20 participants. Subsequently, the e-health scale was applied to a group of 245 Portuguese higher education students. The research took place from January 2023 to April 2024. The scale exhibited robust internal consistency and reproducibility. Male gender consistently correlates with higher levels of e-health literacy. Students demonstrate good levels of e-health literacy (24/40), reflecting their ability to effectively navigate and utilize health information online. By integrating strategies to further enhance this literacy into university health programs, students can develop essential skills necessary for making informed decisions about their health. This proactive approach not only empowers students to access reliable health resources but also fosters a culture of health literacy that can positively impact their well-being both during their academic journey and beyond graduation.

Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV, genus Carlavirus, family Betaflexividae) is an economically important virus infecting soybeans in Brazil, where it was initially identified in 1983. CPMMV is transmitted by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, and occasionally by seeds. Over the last three decades, the most invasive B. tabaci Middle East–Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), and lately the Mediterranean (MED) cryptic species, have replaced the indigenous species in Brazil, with MEAM1 being predominant. In this study, we investigated the transmission properties of CPMMV by MEAM1 and MED, and their distribution in major soybean-growing areas in São Paulo State. Our results from transmission assays with a single insect revealed that MED is a more efficient vector compared to MEAM1, transmitting the virus within a two-minute inoculation access period. B. tabaci MEAM1 is still the predominant whitefly species in São Paulo State, but MED was also identified in different places, mainly in mixed infestations with MEAM1. Some areas transitioned to a predominance of MED over the three years, while others, where MED had previously been detected, showed a reduction in the insects during the same period. Understanding the transmission dynamics of CPMMV and the distribution of its vectors is crucial for implementing effective management strategies to control the virus spread and protect soybean crops. Further research into the mechanisms driving the shifts in whitefly species dominance and CPMMV distribution will be essential for sustaining soybean production in Brazil.

From ancient times to the present day, fermentation has been utilized not only for food preservation but also for enhancing the nutritional and functional properties of foods. This process is influenced by numerous factors, including the type of microorganisms used, substrate composition, pH, time, and temperature, all of which can significantly alter the characteristics of the final product. Depending on the parameters, fermentation enhances the bioactive content of the products and imparts the necessary properties, such as antioxidant characteristics, for the products to be considered functional. The enhancement of these properties, particularly antioxidant activity, enriches foods with bioactive compounds and functional attributes, contributing to improved health benefits. Through a review of recent research, this study elucidates how different fermentation processes can enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of antioxidants, thereby improving the nutritional and functional qualities of foods. This study investigated the multifaceted effects of fermentation on antioxidant properties by exploring various types and conditions of fermentation. It highlights specific examples from dairy products and other food categories as well as the valorization of food waste and byproducts. The findings underscore the potential of fermentation as a sustainable method to produce health-promoting foods with elevated antioxidant activities, offering new perspectives for food science and technology.

The first ideas generation of the architectural project has traditionally been carried out through sketches. Even though in recent decades models have also gained importance, their use is still restricted due to the time required to make them and their difficulty of realization when it comes to complex forms. This research argues that the use of concept models mediated by two disruptive technologies such as Immersive Virtual Reality and 3D Printing can foster the cognitive process of the ideation and configuration of the first architectural ideas. To demonstrate the hypothesis, a pilot study was conducted with 32 architecture students; 17 students created models manually and 15 used IVR and 3DP. Two observation sheets were used to collect information. The results show that in the process of generating ideas, the group that used the two technologies developed three of the four characteristics of the cognitive process better, being an undecided and slow process, then fast and continuous, and finally perceptual for reinterpretation. Also, both technologies complemented each other and favored the development of an intense, tactile, and phenomenological experience. Finally, regarding the model as a product, a better result was found in 3D-printed models in terms of two of the three characteristics, three-dimensionality complexity and materiality. It is concluded that these two technologies ideally complement each other as mediating tools for three-dimensional architectural thinking, making it possible to use the conceptual models as the first generators of the architectural idea.

This systematic review aimed to find the tool that best predicts celiac individuals’ adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The Transparent Reporting of Multivariable Prediction Models for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD-SRMA) guideline was used for the construction and collection of data from eight scientific databases (PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, LIVIVO, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Proquest) on 16 November 2023. The inclusion criteria were studies involving individuals with celiac disease (CD) who were over 18 years old and on a GFD for at least six months, using a questionnaire to predict adherence to a GFD, and comparing it with laboratory tests (serological tests, gluten immunogenic peptide—GIP, or biopsy). Review articles, book chapters, and studies without sufficient data were excluded. The Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modeling Studies (CHARMS) was used for data collection from the selected primary studies, and their risk of bias and quality was assessed using the Prediction Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). The association between the GFD adherence determined by the tool and laboratory test was assessed using the phi contingency coefficient. The studies included in this review used four different tools to evaluate GFD adherence: BIAGI score, Coeliac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT), self-report questions, and interviews. The comparison method most often used was biopsy (n = 19; 59.3%), followed by serology (n = 14; 43.7%) and gluten immunogenic peptides (GIPs) (n = 4; 12.5%). There were no significant differences between the interview, self-report, and BIAGI tools used to evaluate GFD adherence. These tools were better associated with GFD adherence than the CDAT. Considering their cost, application time, and prediction capacity, the self-report and BIAGI were the preferred tools for evaluating GFD adherence.

Background: Age-related remodelling has the potential to affect the microvascular response to hyperemic stimuli. However, its precise effects on the vasodilatory response to adenosine and contrast medium, as well as its influence on fractional flow reserve (FFR) and contrast fractional flow reserve (cFFR), have not been previously investigated. We investigate the impact of age on these indices. Methods: We extrapolated data from the post-revascularization optimization and physiological evaluation of intermediate lesions using fractional flow reserve (PROPHET-FFR) and The Multi-center Evaluation of the Accuracy of the Contrast MEdium INduced Pd/Pa RaTiO in Predicting (MEMENTO) studies. Only lesions with a relevant vasodilatory response to adenosine and contrast medium were considered of interest. A total of 2080 patients, accounting for 2294 pressure recordings were available for analysis. The cohort was stratified into three age terciles. Age-dependent correlations with FFR, cFFR, distal pressure/aortic pressure (Pd/Pa) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) were calculated. The vasodilatory response was calculated in 1619 lesions (with both FFR and cFFR) as the difference between resting and hyperaemic pressure ratios and correlated with aging. The prevalence of FFR-cFFR discordance was assessed. Results: Age correlated positively to FFR (r = 0.062, p = 0.006), but not with cFFR (r = 0.024, p = 0.298), Pd/Pa (r = –0.015, p = 0.481) and iFR (r = –0.026, p = 0.648). The hyperemic response to adenosine (r = –0.102, p ≤ 0.0001) and to contrast medium (r = –0.076, p = 0.0023) showed a negative correlation with age. When adjusted for potential confounders, adenosine induced hyperaemia was negatively associated with age (p = 0.04 vs p = 0.08 for cFFR). Discordance decreased across age terciles (14.64% vs 12.72% vs 10.12%, p = 0.032). Conclusions: As compared to adenosine, contrast induced hyperaemia appeared to be less affected by age. cFFR may be considered a more stable and reproducible tool to assess epicardial stenosis in elderly patients. Clinical Trial Registration: PROPHET-FFR STUDY, Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05056662).

Colostrum is a nutritious milk synthesized by mammals during the postpartum period, and its rich bioactive components has led to a global increase in the consumption of bovine colostrum as a supplement. Bovine colostrum contains key components such as immunoglobulins, oligosaccharides, lactoferrin and lysozyme. It is a special supplement source due to its natural, high bioavailability and high concentrations of growth factors. Growth factors are critical to many physiological functions, and considering its presence in the colostrum, further research must be conducted on its safe application in many bodily disorders. Growth factors contribute to wound healing, muscle and bone development, and supporting growth in children. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms have been explored, highlighting the growth factors roles in cell proliferation, tissue regeneration, and the regulation of immune responses. These findings are crucial for understanding the potential health effects of bovine colostrum, ensuring its safe use, and forming a basis for future clinical applications. This review article examines the growth factors concentration in bovine colostrum, their benefits, clinical studies, and molecular mechanisms.

Salivary glands’ neoplasms are hard to diagnose and present a complex etiology. However, several viruses have been detected in these neoplasms, such as HCMV, which can play a role in certain cancers through oncomodulation. The co-infections between HCMV with betaherpesviruses (HHV-6 and HHV-7) and polyomaviruses (JCV and BKV) has been investigated. The aim of the current study is to describe the frequency of HCMV and co-infections in patients presenting neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions, including in the salivary gland. Multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for betaherpesvirus and polyomavirus quantification purposes after DNA extraction. In total, 50.7% of the 67 analyzed samples were mucocele, 40.3% were adenoma pleomorphic, and 8.9% were mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Overall, 20.9% of samples presented triple-infections with HCMV/HHV-6/HHV-7, whereas 9.0% were co-infections with HCMV/HHV-6 and HCMV/HHV-7. The largest number of co-infections was detected in pleomorphic adenoma cases. All samples tested negative for polyomaviruses, such as BKV and JCV. It was possible to conclude that HCMV can be abundant in salivary gland lesions. A high viral load can be useful to help better understand the etiological role played by viruses in these lesions. A lack of JCV and BKV in the samples analyzed herein does not rule out the involvement of these viruses in one or more salivary gland lesion subtypes.

The collective meals market generates significant revenue for the world economy. Food services are responsible for consuming large amounts of water and energy, as well as generating a substantial volume of waste, which is often improperly disposed of. Given the unchecked expansion of food services, the lack of proper management of environmental resources can undermine sustainability principles, posing a threat to future generations. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the existing scientific literature on carbon and water footprints in food services, describing the main methods and tools used and what strategies have been proposed to mitigate the high values of these footprints. The search for articles was performed on 6 June 2024 in seven electronic databases, using MeSH Terms and adaptations for each database from database inception. The search for local studies was complemented by a manual search in the list of references of the studies selected to compose this review. It included quantitative studies assessing footprints (water or carbon) in food services and excluded reviews, studies that reported footprints for diets, and protocols. A total of 2642 studies were identified, and among these, 29 were selected for this review. According to the findings, it was observed that meats, especially beef, contribute more to water and carbon footprint compared to other proteins. Mitigation strategies for the water footprint include promoting plant-based diets, menu changes, and awareness.