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We propose a procedure for the numerical analysis of the stress-strain state and criteria of its admissible state in the course of repairs of the air crossings of gas mains with regard for possible defects of the pipe metal. Using the “3D PipeMaster” software complex, we compute different versions and present recommendations concerning the optimal location of pipe-laying machines with an aim of realization of the possibility of lifting the pipe to a height required for repair works with guaranteed validity of the prescribed conditions of strength. The values of tractive forces in the pipe-laying machines are determined. The optimal sites of fixing the pipeline in the transverse direction are indicated and the corresponding forces acting in the cables used to prevent the transverse motions of the pipeline are calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes a method and main results of a refined stress-strain state evaluation for a welded joint of the hot collector to steam generator nozzle of a nuclear power plant with a WWÉR-1000 reactor, which takes into account a fuller range of the actual loading conditions in operation. In calculations, we considered the stresses induced by uncompensated thermal expansion of the reactor elements. The results of 3D finite element calculations suggest that the level of local stresses in the area of the joint exceeds the metal yield stress. The calculated stresses for the outer nozzle surface agree satisfactorily with the in-situ strain measurement data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work were to choose a quantitative optimality criterion for estimating the quality of plant LED lighting regimes inside space greenhouses and to construct regression models of crop productivity and the optimality criterion depending on the level of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), the proportion of the red component in the light spectrum and the duration of the duty cycle (Chinese cabbage Brassica сhinensis L. as an example). The properties of the obtained models were described in the context of predicting crop dry weight and the optimality criterion behavior when varying plant lighting parameters. Results of the fractional 3-factor experiment demonstrated the share of the PPFD level participation in the crop dry weight accumulation was 84.4% at almost any combination of other lighting parameters, but when PPFD value increased up to 500µmol m -2 s -1 the pulse light and supplemental light from red LEDs could additionally increase crop productivity. Analysis of the optimality criterion response to variation of lighting parameters showed that the maximum coordinates were the following: PPFD = 500µmol m -2 s -1 , about 70%-proportion of the red component of the light spectrum (PPFD LEDred /PPFD LEDwhite = 1.5) and the duty cycle with a period of 501µs. Thus, LED crop lighting with these parameters was optimal for achieving high crop productivity and for efficient use of energy in the given range of lighting parameter values., (Copyright © 2016 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A 3-factor experiment with 24-d vegetation of Brassica chinensis L. crops demonstrated the dependence of dry mass yield on lighting regimes provided by a lamp composed of white (color temperature 4000 K) and red (660 nm) LEDs (light-emitting diodes). Experimental data were used to build regressive dependences of plant dry mass and optimal light criterion (product of dry mass and photosynthesis efficiency) on 3 LEDs lamp parameters: photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), red and white PPFD ratio, and pulse period. The following LEDs light parameters were found to be optimal for the Chinese cabbage: time-averaged PFD - 500.μmol/(m².s), red and white PPFD ratio - 1.5 and pulse period - 501 ps. Considering the wattage rating for projectible vitamin greenhouse Vitacycle-To, continuous light should have PPFD = 430 pmol/(m²-s), rPPFD/wPPFD ratio - 1.5 and continuous light.

Outcomes of 36 accidents with 37 aircrafts (one mid-air collision) in the period of 2003-2010 have been analyzed. Of 71 ejected crew members 14 pilots died (19.7%), 26 pilots (36.6%) suffered injuries of varying severity and 31 pilots (43.7%) escaped noticeable injuries. The major causes of the deaths were late emergency escape and failure of the eject mechanism (EM). The majority of harmed pilots (n = 18, 69.2%) had slight injuries; one crew member (3.9%) was injured moderately and 7 pilots (26.9%), substantively. Most of the injuries occurred on parachute landing (40.3%). The main reasons for severe injury were parachute landing impact (69.2%) and EM failure (23.1%). Commonly injuries were caused to the head and neck (30.7%) and a bit less often to the lower and upper extremities (22.6 and 19.4% respectively). 14.5% of the injuries were brought to the body and 11.3%--to the back. Severe injuries included fractures of the spine (42.9%) and lower and upper extremities (42.9 and 14.2% respectively).

According to results of performed examinations scoliotic spinal deformity in flight personnel has a low impact on professional health. This is proved by: oligosymptomatic course of disease - lack of complaints of pain, moderate pain, which is revealed only in case of loading tests and palpation; preservation of supporting and movement spinal function; lack of worsening of deformity during the flight service. At the same time in flight personnel suffering from scoliosis was registered a low tolerance to ergometri; robe, which point to insufficient muscle reserve of lower extremities, abdominals and dorsum. This insufficient may have an adverse effect on G-tolerance of pilots serving in maneuvering aviation. According to this fact authors came to conclusion that first-degree scoliotic deformity is of importance for expert examination of pilots of high-performance aircraft. Scoliotic deformity in pilots of other branches of aviation is of importance only in case of clinical implications (pain syndrome, restraint of movement). From there, it is not necessary to make a record in regulatory documents of flight medical board about functional-compensatory spinal deformity (first- and second degree scoliosis) in flight personnel, except flight personnel of high-performance aircraft.

The authors designed the integrated diagnostic test as a model for psychophysiological assessment and prediction of the effectiveness of cerebral hemodynamics in subjects. The test includes the recording of blood flow velocity in the CCA and the level of psychopathisation.

The authors prove the necessity of transformation of medical service of Air Force of all levels within the framework of the realization of program "Development of medical supply of Armed Forces of Russian Federation 2008-2012". Goals, functions of different elements of medical service, responsibilities of performers are developed. These goals have fundamental differences from previous one. New organizational structure of medical service of Air Forces and criteria of the estimation of its effectiveness are suggested. Offers of further optimization of organizational medical structure and improvement of medical supply of Air Forces are developed.

The experiment with essentially healthy male subjects no older than 50 involved functional load testing and irradiation by a low-energy helium-neon laser according to the standard therapeutic regimen (0.2 ml/V/ 30 min/10 sessions). Biomedical evaluation of hemoaggregation was made by 30 parameters of a multifunctional diagnostic system characterizing three blood aggregation levels: rheological (biophysical), coagulolytic (biochemical) and system (mathematical). The investigation resulted in delineation of a single-vector hypodynamic transformation of biophysical and biochemical modules, i.e. decrease in the rheological and coagulative potential mediated by a moderate platelets disaggregation (24.6%) and hyperactivation of plasmin proferments in euglobulin fraction (126.76 %). Added sessions of percutaneous laser irradiation of blood were shown to induce a medium imbalance of biophysical and biochemical hemoaggregation. At the same time, low-energy laser did not modulate significantly the general functional state of human operator as the rheological and coagulative protective potential of organism remained reasonably high (88.89 and 87.5 %, respectively).

The authors show that use of biologically active additions to food Bio-Normalizer, Oxine, Gonsyn and Lovsin is effective method of immune correction of human functional state. These biologically active additions to food lead to increase 15-25 per cent of T-helper activity, activates 20-32 per cent of B-component of immune system, enhance of immunocompetent cells cooperation and rise human antibacterial resistance. That all optimizes immune response and increases resistance to extreme impacts.

Functional state of the pool of erythrocytes was evaluated in ten essentially healthy male subjects before, during and in 2 months after a series of 15 exposures to normobaric intermittent hypoxia (NIH). The erythrocyte pool dynamics, hemoglobin content, low and highly resistive fractions of erythrocytes were analyzed using a modified acidic histogram technique. It was demonstrated that the erythrocyte pool was either in the state of destruction (concurrent to the NIH exposure) or ensuing persistent improvement of the functional characteristics under study.

A team of eight triathlon athletes was tested for endurance to extreme physical stress during training session. Two new functional parameters were analyzed, i.e. the cell membrane beta-adrenoreactivity (beta-ARM) and activity of leukocyte tyrosine hydroxilase (TH) as a key enzyme of the dophaminergic system. In four athletes who had been included in the national team at a later date beta-ARM and Kth values were 2-3-fold beyond the physiological norm, whereas in the other four (reserves) the parameters were below the upper limits. These data suggest that abnormal beta-ARM and Kth values can be treated as biochemical prognostic criteria for endurance of extreme phyical stress.

Activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (hyaloplasmic and mitochondrial: alpha-GPDHH and alpha-GPDHM) in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the response of SDH activity to exogenous epinephrine in vitro (the epinephrine test) were studied in 20 healthy subjects and 46 patients with hypertensive neurocirculatory dystonia. Activities of SDH, alpha-GPDHH, and alpha-GPDHM in blood lymphocytes and SDH adrenoreactivity in epinephrine test were higher in patients than in healthy controls. Treatment with hypotensive agents (isradipin and pyrroxan) moderated adrenoreactivity. Phytotherapy normalized the baseline activities of succinate oxidase system and alpha-glycerophosphate pathway in blood lymphocytes.

It has been suggested that the rol genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes could play an essential role in the activation of secondary metabolite production in plant transformed cultures. This study investigated whether the content of anthraquinone phytoalexins was changed in callus cultures of Rubia cordifolia transgenic for the 35S-rolB and 35S-rolC genes in comparison with a non-transformed callus culture. The anthraquinone content was shown to be significantly increased in transgenic cultures, thus providing further evidence that the rol-gene transformation can be used for the activation of secondary metabolism in plant cells. Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid strongly increased anthraquinone accumulation in both transgenic and non-transgenic R. cordifolia calluses, whereas ethephon did not. A treatment of the cultures by cantharidin, the protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor, resulted in massive induction of anthraquinone accumulation in the transgenic cultures only. We suggest the involvement of a cantharidin-sensitive protein phosphorylation mechanism in anthraquinone biosynthesis in transgenic cultures.

Influence of bioactive food supplements (BFA) intake on intestinal barrier permeability to macromolecules of polyethylene glycol 4000 was studied in rats with intestinal anaphylaxis and after external gamma-irradiation. BFA studied included autolysed baker's yeast ("Vitasil") and edible algae Spirulina platensis. Intake of complex additive Vitasil + Spirulina resulted in significant diminution of permeability before irradiation and its partial normalization (24% decrease) after irradiation. Spirulina additive intake led to practically complete normalization of permeability (1.84 times decrease) in anaphylactic rats. It is concluded that Spirulina and Vitasil are promising BFA for organism general resistance elevation.

A single whole-body gamma irradiation (4 Gy) of rats with the initial deficiency in vitamins B1 and B2 had no effect on the contents of vitamins C, A, and B1 in the blood plasma, liver, or testicles within 42 h after irradiation. The content of vitamin E remained unchanged in the blood plasma but increased in testicles. The contents of vitamin B2 remained unchanged in erythrocytes and liver, decreased in testicles, and its excretion with urine increased more than twice. The content of reduced glutathione in liver, small intestine mucosa, and erythrocytes decreased.

The main directions in the use of nutrients to enhance human resistance to unfavorable occupational factors in order to promote flying health and longevity are considered. The prime tasks of each direction are analyzed and the ways of their solution are identified by taking into account the available approaches.

The article deals with data obtained from studies of operators' activity changes caused by artificial hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia of operator appeared to markedly alter the quality, psychologic and physiologic intensity, subjective appraisal of intellectual activities. Overall, hypoglycemia leads to intensified signs of fatigue during mental work. In this case hypoglycemia affects the processes of verbal and logic decision more than perceptive and identification activities. Besides that, hypoglycemia appeared to worsen the processes of operators' cooperation in decision. The studies showed that in order to support the necessary level of capacity to work the mechanisms of adaptation and mobilization of psychologic and physiologic resources become activated in hypoglycemia.

Laboratory experiments in rats had shown that the standard ration of the structural food concentrate obtained from milk processing could increase the body resistance of animals by 20-30%. The estimation of the influence exerted by the concentrate was made on the basis of hypoxic and radiobiological models. The authors make a conclusion that application of this concentrate for prophylaxis has good prospects for the future.

The experience of computer technology application at the Phthisiology Department of the Kazan Medical Institute over the last 5 years was generalized. Four classes of the teaching programs were described: program control of the accumulated experience, diagnostic search, a mathematical model of an emergency situation and expert medical systems. Preference is given to the latter two types of programs. It is emphasized that application of the IBM-compatible systems as the most prevalent in clinical practice is promising. Description of the specific programs is presented.