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This study used multivariate statistics to identify clusters of animals with similar expected progeny difference (EPD) and also identify leading traits that discriminate between bulls. Various linear selection indices based on specific selection criteria were proposed. Records were collected from 880 young Nelore bulls submitted to performance testing in central Brazil between 2001 and 2012. Pre-weaning average daily gain and weights at 210 days with direct and maternal effects were used in the analysis, in addition to post-weaning weight, scrotal circumference at 365 and 450 days, carcass finish and rib eye area. EPDs were classified into three groups, and the EPD means of two of these groups stood out and were considered important based on principal component analysis that associated higher values of direct EPD of weights, average daily weight gain and scrotal circumference. The EPDs for weight at 210, 365 and 450 days, pre- and post-weaning daily gain and scrotal circumference at 365 and 450 days were major causes of variation. Each linear selection index proposed (SI1, SI2, SI3, SI4 and SI5) defined a specific approach meaning that a different selection index should be used depending on breeding goals and selection criteria.

In most studies on beef cattle longevity, only the cows reaching a given number of calvings by a specific age are considered in the analyses. With the aim of evaluating all cows with productive life in herds, taking into consideration the different forms of management on each farm, it was proposed to measure cow longevity from age at last calving (ALC), that is, the most recent calving registered in the files. The objective was to characterize this trait in order to study the longevity of Nellore cattle, using the Kaplan–Meier estimators and the Cox model. The covariables and class effects considered in the models were age at first calving (AFC), year and season of birth of the cow and farm. The variable studied (ALC) was classified as presenting complete information (uncensored = 1) or incomplete information (censored = 0), using the criterion of the difference between the date of each cow's last calving and the date of the latest calving at each farm. If this difference was >36 months, the cow was considered to have failed. If not, this cow was censored, thus indicating that future calving remained possible for this cow. The records of 11 791 animals from 22 farms within the Nellore Breed Genetic Improvement Program (‘Nellore Brazil’) were used. In the estimation process using the Kaplan–Meier model, the variable of AFC was classified into three age groups. In individual analyses, the log-rank test and the Wilcoxon test in the Kaplan–Meier model showed that all covariables and class effects had significant effects (P < 0.05) on ALC. In the analysis considering all covariables and class effects, using the Wald test in the Cox model, only the season of birth of the cow was not significant for ALC (P > 0.05). This analysis indicated that each month added to AFC diminished the risk of the cow's failure in the herd by 2%. Nonetheless, this does not imply that animals with younger AFC had less profitability. Cows with greater numbers of calvings were more precocious than those with fewer calvings.

Estimates of (co)variance components and genetic parameters were obtained for birth, 205-d, and 365-d weight for Nelore cattle in Brazil, using single and multiple-trait animal models. Data were from the Brazilian Zebu Breeders Association (ABCZ). Records of 27,549 calves sired by 587 bulls and raised on pasture in 57 herds were analyzed by restricted maximum likelihood fitting an animal model including direct and maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects. Single and multiple-trait analyses were carried out. Heritability estimates for direct effects were lower than previous values reported for the Nelore breed. The estimates for maternal genetic effects showed that the contribution of this component to the phenotypic variance of birth and weaning weight is not very high but is still present at yearling weight. Correlations between direct and maternal additive genetic effects were negative for all traits analyzed except for yearling weight in the single-trait analysis where the sign was positive but the magnitude was small (+.09). Genetic correlations between weaning and yearling weights were .74 (direct effect) and .84 (maternal effect). Permanent environmental and residual correlations among traits were also obtained.

In this study, the objective was to estimate genetic parameters of body weight at 210 (BW210) and 365 (BW365) days of age in relation to rib eye area (REA), subcutaneous back fat thickness (BF) and rump fat (RF), and their respective genetic trends, in Nelore beef cattle. Estimates of genetic parameters and breeding values for the studied traits were obtained using the REML method. The direct and maternal heritability estimates were respectively: 0.25 ± 0.02 and 0.21 ± 0.01, for BW210, and 0.29 ± 0.02 and 0.09 ± 0.01, for BW365. The heritability estimates for transformed REA, BF and RF were 0.29 ± 0.03, 0.21 ± 0.02 and 0.23 ± 0.03, respectively. There were genetic associations between BW210 and REA, BW365 and REA, and BF and RF, while the other correlations were low. The selection process that was conducted at the farms participating in the breeding program, taking the proposed selection index into consideration, caused genetic changes to these traits.

Identification of genotype–environment interaction in beef cattle may help the artificial selection process and increase the efficiency of genetic evaluation on sires submitted to different environments. Post-weaning traits are economically important and are more influenced by the effects of genotype–environment interactions than pre-weaning traits. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether this interaction has any effect on bodyweight at 365, 450, and 550 days of age in Nellore cattle reared in Brazil. Analyses considered the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, and São Paulo. Genetic parameters were estimated for each trait, per state, using the restricted maximum likelihood method, in two-trait analysis under an animal model. Genetic correlations regarding the same trait in two different states were used to evaluate the effect of the genotype–environment interaction on the traits studied. Genetic correlation estimates smaller than 0.80 between observations for the same trait in different states were taken to be indicative of genotype–environment interaction. It was observed that there is evidence of genotype–environment interaction in some of the states studied, and they tend to increase when the weight measurements are made at later ages. From this, it was concluded that selection conducted using data from one state might be different from selection based on data from another state. Summaries of bulls that consider different environments could contribute greatly to the genetic improvement of livestock.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:27:21Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:27:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 Aiming to establish selection criteria for the Brahman cattle in Brazil, the objective of this paper was to estimate genetic and environmental parameters for birth weight (BW), gestation length (GL) and scrotal circumference at 365 (SC365), 455 (SC455) and 550 (SC 550) days of age, and relative efficiency of indirect versus direct selection for these traits. Data were obtained from 15 851 animals belonging to 16 herds in six states, enrolled in a genetic breeding program. (Co)variance and heritability coefficients and genetic and environmental correlations between traits were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) under a multi trait animal model. The model included as fixed effects the contemporary group and the age of cow at calving as a covariate (linear and quadratic), and as random the direct genetic, the permanent environmental and residual effects. For BW and GL it was also considered the maternal genetic effect as random. Estimates of direct heritabilities were 0.36, 0.29, 0.55, 0.43 and 0.40 for BW, GL, SC365, SC455 and SC550, respectively. Genetic correlations between BW and GL, GL and SC365, GL and SC455, GL and SC550, SC365 and SC455, SC365 and SC550 and SC455 and SC550, were respectively 0.06, 0.13, 0.20, 0.13, 0.96, 0.98 and 0.99. The heritabilities estimates for all traits indicated these show enough additive genetic variability to respond favorably to selection. For sexual precocity, the best option would be SC365, due to the high value of heritability and to indirect selection at this age being more efficient than direct selection for PE455. Associação dos Criadores de Brahman do Brasil, Uberaba, MG Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Jaboticabal, SP Associação Nacional de Criadores e Pesquisadores, Ribeirão Preto, SP Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Jaboticabal, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T14:54:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000300617600085.pdf: 871529 bytes, checksum: 505944776fc41b1f7ab5ba38e8c616ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000300617600085.pdf: 871529 bytes, checksum: 505944776fc41b1f7ab5ba38e8c616ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:40:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000300617600085.pdf: 871529 bytes, checksum: 505944776fc41b1f7ab5ba38e8c616ef (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:40:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000300617600085.pdf: 871529 bytes, checksum: 505944776fc41b1f7ab5ba38e8c616ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) We estimated genetic parameters for various phases of body and testicular growth until 550 days of age in Nelore cattle, using Bayesian inference, including correlation values and error estimates. Weight and scrotal records of 54,182 Nelore animals originating from 18 farms participating in the Brazilian Nelore Breeding Program (PMGRN) were included. The following traits were measured: weight at standard ages of 120 (W120), 210 (W210), 365 (W365), 450 (W450), and 550 (W550) days; weight gain between 120/210 (WG1), 210/365 (WG2), 365/450 (WG3), 450/550 (WG4), 120/365 (WG5), 120/450 (WG6), 120/550 (WG7), 210/450 (WG8), 210/550 (WG9), and 365/550 (WG10) days of age; scrotal circumference at 365 (SC365), 450 (SC450) and 550 (SC550) days of age, and testicular growth between 365/450 (TG1), 450/550 (TG2) and 365/550 (TG3) days of age. The model included contemporary group (current farm, year and two-month period of birth, sex, and management group) and age of dam at calving, divided into classes as fixed effects. The model also included random effects for direct additive, maternal additive and maternal permanent environmental, and residual effects. The direct heritability estimates ranged from 0.23 to 0.39, 0.13 to 0.39 and 0.32 to 0.56 for weights at standard ages, weight gains and testicular measures, respectively. The genetic correlations between weights (0.69 to 0.94) and scrotal circumferences (0.91 to 0.97) measured at standard ages were higher than those between weight gain and testicular growth (0.18 to 0.97 and 0.36 to 0.77, respectively). The weights at standard ages responded more effectively to selection, and also gave strong correlations with the other traits. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr &Vet, Dept Genet & Melhoramento Anim, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Genet, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Nutr & Melhoramento Anim, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr &Vet, Dept Genet & Melhoramento Anim, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Nutr & Melhoramento Anim, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T14:53:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000295804800071.pdf: 390602 bytes, checksum: c859c892c85f5487acb83da9fc187026 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:03:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000295804800071.pdf: 390602 bytes, checksum: c859c892c85f5487acb83da9fc187026 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:19:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000295804800071.pdf: 390602 bytes, checksum: c859c892c85f5487acb83da9fc187026 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:19:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000295804800071.pdf: 390602 bytes, checksum: c859c892c85f5487acb83da9fc187026 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) We quantified the potential increase in accuracy of expected breeding value for weights of Nelore cattle, from birth to mature age, using multi-trait and random regression models on Legendre polynomials and B-spline functions. A total of 87,712 weight records from 8144 females were used, recorded every three months from birth to mature age from the Nelore Brazil Program. For random regression analyses, all female weight records from birth to eight years of age (data set I) were considered. From this general data set, a subset was created (data set II), which included only nine weight records: at birth, weaning, 365 and 550 days of age, and 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years of age. Data set II was analyzed using random regression and multi-trait models. The model of analysis included the contemporary group as fixed effects and age of dam as a linear and quadratic covariable. In the random regression analyses, average growth trends were modeled using a cubic regression on orthogonal polynomials of age. Residual variances were modeled by a step function with five classes. Legendre polynomials of fourth and sixth order were utilized to model the direct genetic and animal permanent environmental effects, respectively, while third-order Legendre polynomials were considered for maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. Quadratic polynomials were applied to model all random effects in random regression models on B-spline functions. Direct genetic and animal permanent environmental effects were modeled using three segments or five coefficients, and genetic maternal and maternal permanent environmental effects were modeled with one segment or three coefficients in the random regression models on B-spline functions. For both data sets (I and II), animals ranked differently according to expected breeding value obtained by random regression or multi-trait models. With random regression models, the highest gains in accuracy were obtained at ages with a low number of weight records. The results indicate that random regression models provide more accurate expected breeding values than the traditionally finite multi-trait models. Thus, higher genetic responses are expected for beef cattle growth traits by replacing a multi-trait model with random regression models for genetic evaluation. B-spline functions could be applied as an alternative to Legendre polynomials to model covariance functions for weights from birth to mature age. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Inst Zootecnia, Estacao Expt Zootecnia Sertaozinho, Sertaozinho, SP, Brazil Univ São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Genet, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos das interações genótipo-ambiente sobre as estimativas de componentes de (co)variâncias e predição dos valores genéticos para o peso ao desmame de bovinos Nelore, sob enfoque bayesiano. Foram utilizados 16.644 registros de pesos ao desmame de bovinos provenientes de dez rebanhos participantes do Programa Nelore Brasil. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados sob modelo animal, considerando a estatística bayesiana. Para verificar o efeito da interação genótipo-ambiente, foram analisados os seguintes modelos matriciais: sem a inclusão dos efeitos de interação genótipo-ambiente; com a inclusão dos efeitos de interação genótipo-ambiente, em que se considerou o efeito de touro-ano, touro-rebanho e ambos os efeitos. De modo geral, verifica-se que a inclusão da interação genótipo-ambiente na análise genética para o peso ao desmame, tende a alterar as estimativas de (co)variâncias genéticas e ambientais. As correlações de Spearman entre os valores genéticos foram acima de 97%, indicando que, praticamente, não houve mudança na classificação dos animais avaliados. Pode se inferir que os efeitos de interação touro-ano e touro-rebanho não alteram as classificações dos animais, e a não-inclusão destes efeitos na avaliação genética, não afetam a seleção baseada nas predições dos valores genéticos para o peso ao desmame. The objective was to evaluate the interactions of genotype-environment effects on the components of (co)variance estimates and the prediction of breeding values for weaning weight in Nelore cattle, using a Bayesian approach. Records of 16,644 weaning weights were used from cattle distributed in ten ranches across six Brazilian states. The genetic parameters were estimated under an animal model considering Bayesian statistics. To verify genotype-environment interaction effects, we analyzed the following matrix model: without the inclusion of genotype-environment interaction effects, and with the inclusion of genotype-environment interaction effects, which considered the effect of sire-year, sire-herd, and both effects. In general, the results suggest that the inclusion of genotype-environment interaction in genetic analysis for weight at weaning tends to alter the estimates of genetic and environment (co)variances. The Spearman correlations between the breeding values were above 97%, indicating practically no change in the classification of animals evaluated. It can be inferred that the interaction effects of sire-year and sire-herd do not change the animals rank, and if not included in the genetic evaluation, the selection based on predictions of breeding values for weaning weight will not be affected.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:05:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572011000300012.pdf: 906604 bytes, checksum: 84ed837f5e56836e99393c01fe44f5a2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:05:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572011000300012.pdf: 906604 bytes, checksum: 84ed837f5e56836e99393c01fe44f5a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:08:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572011000300012.pdf: 906604 bytes, checksum: 84ed837f5e56836e99393c01fe44f5a2 (MD5) S1415-47572011000300012.pdf.txt: 33299 bytes, checksum: b16db4809bc8801f64cdbc6023be6217 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572011000300012.pdf: 906604 bytes, checksum: 84ed837f5e56836e99393c01fe44f5a2 (MD5) S1415-47572011000300012.pdf.txt: 33299 bytes, checksum: b16db4809bc8801f64cdbc6023be6217 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572011000300012.pdf: 906604 bytes, checksum: 84ed837f5e56836e99393c01fe44f5a2 (MD5) S1415-47572011000300012.pdf.txt: 33299 bytes, checksum: b16db4809bc8801f64cdbc6023be6217 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Records from 75,941 Nelore cattle were used to determine the importance of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) in five Brazilian states. (Co)variance components were estimated by single-trait analysis (with yearling weight, W450, considered to be the same trait in all states) and multiple-trait analysis (with the record from each state considered to be a different trait). The direct heritability estimates for yearling weight were 0.51, 0.39, 0.44, 0.37 and 0.41 in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul and Minas Gerais, respectively. The across-state genetic correlation estimates between Goiás and Mato Grosso, Goiás and Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Minas Gerais, and Mato Grosso do Sul and Minas Gerais ranged from 0.67 to 0.75. These estimates indicate that GEIs are biologically important. No interactions were observed between Goiás and São Paulo, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso and São Paulo, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso and Minas Gerais, or São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul (0.82 to 0.97). Comparison of single and multiple-trait analyses showed that selection based on the former was less efficient in the presence of GEI, with substantial losses (up to 10%) during selection. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Genética e Melhoramento Animal Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Genética e Melhoramento Animal

Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T14:52:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000295823500083.pdf: 362830 bytes, checksum: bf841aa5209afb4b894a5097a9b8d8d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:24:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000295823500083.pdf: 362830 bytes, checksum: bf841aa5209afb4b894a5097a9b8d8d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:34:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000295823500083.pdf: 362830 bytes, checksum: bf841aa5209afb4b894a5097a9b8d8d2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:34:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000295823500083.pdf: 362830 bytes, checksum: bf841aa5209afb4b894a5097a9b8d8d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) We analyzed two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IGF2 and CYP21 genes in Nellore cattle participating in the Brazilian Animal Breeding Program. The SNPs were found in exon 6 of the IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) gene (RFLP/MboII) as well as in the promoter region of the CYP21 (steroid 21-hydroxylase) gene (RFLP/HpaII) of these animals. The TC heterozygotes were significantly more frequent than CC and TT homozygotes in the RFLP/MboII polymorphism. The T allele was significantly more frequent than the C allele in RFLP/HpaII polymorphism. This population was found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for these SNPs. Association of these polymorphisms with expected progeny differences of reproductive and productive traits was investigated, but proved to be significant only for DP550 (expected progeny differenced for weight at 365 days - IGF2 - RFLP/MboII) and DP450 (expected progeny differenced for weight at 450 days - CYP21 - RFLP/HpaII). This is the first study on the occurrence of these two polymorphisms in this Zebu breed of cattle. A total of 147 Nellore animals participating in the Breeding Program of the Nellore Breed (PMGRN) under the management of the National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP) in the city of Ribeirao Preto were analyzed. Univ São Paulo, Dept Genet, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Ctr Biocincias Biotecnol, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil Univ São Paulo, Dept Ginecol Obstet, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Ciência Anim, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Ciência Anim, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 08/53804-1 CNPq: 143156/2006-3

This study aimed to compare estimates of (co)variances considering the effect of direct maternal genetic correlation (-0,50; -0,25; +0,25; +0,50); the ratios between the direct and maternal genetic variances (75:75; 50:100; 100:50) and two models which included (M2) or not (M1) the direct maternal genetic covariance. Stochastic simulation of twenty replicates of a closed and randomly mated herd of cattle was carried out for twenty years of selection. The base population was not related, non-selected and randomly sampled. (Co)variance estimates were obtained under single trait animal model using MTDFREML application. The model was not significant on estimates of maternal permanent environmental variance. The genetic direct-maternal correlation influenced all (co)variance estimates significantly (P

Two-hundred random pedigrees of cows and fifty of sires born in 1987 from the Gir herdbook of the Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders were analized. The bull Chave de Ouro DGR no. 2851 was the most influential animal with a 7% direct relationship to the breed. Total average inbreeding was 3.62 and 3.25 for the female and male sample, respectively. The subdivision of total inbreeding into current and non-current components resulted in values of 1.62, 1.25, 2.00 and 2.00 for the female and male sample, respectively. Long-term inbreeding was the principal component of non-current inbreeding, with values of 1.52% and 1.26%, respectively. Inbreeding due to strain formation strain due formation was less important (0.48% and 0.74%, respectively). The average generation interval was 8.02 years. The breed appears not yet to be subdivided into strains but this process may be starting. The average generation interval for the pedigree population was very high. Culling of old bulls could decrease this interval. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Verwandtschaft, Inzucht und Generationsintervall bei Gir Herdbuchrindern in Brasilien 200 zufällige Stammbäume von Kühen und 50 von 1987 geborenen Stieren wurden vom Gir Herdbuch des brasilianischen Zebu Zuchtverbandes genommen. Der Stier Chave de Ouro DGR Nr. 2851 war das einflußreichste Tier mit einer 7%igen direkten Verwandtschaft zur Rasse. Der gesamte Inzuchtkoeffizient war 3.6 und 3.25% für die weibliche und männliche Stichprobe. Die Unterteilung der gesamten Inzucht in laufende und nicht laufende Komponenten resultierte in Werten von 1.62, 1.25, 2.0, 2.0 für die weibliche und die männliche Stichprobe. Langfristige Inzucht war die Hauptursache für Nicht-Rezente Inzucht mit Werten von 1.5 und 1.26. Inzucht aufgrund von Linienbildung war weniger wichtig (0.48% und 0.74%). Das durchschnittliche Generationsintervall war 8.02 Jahre. Die Rasse scheint noch nicht in Linien unterteilt zu sein, aber dieser Prozeß könnte begonnen haben. Das durchschnittliche Generationsintervall ist mit 8.02 Jahren sehr hoch. Nichtverwendung alter Stiere könnte dieses Intervall verkürzen.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho utilizar regras de associação para identificar forças de mercado que regem a comercialização de touros com avaliação genética pelo programa Nelore Brasil. Essas regras permitem evidenciar padrões implícitos nas transações de grandes bases de dados, indicando causas e efeitos determinantes da oferta e comercialização de touros. Na análise foram considerados 19.736 registros de touros comercializados, 17 fazendas e 15 atributos referentes às diferenças esperadas nas progênies dos reprodutores, local e época da venda. Utilizou-se um sistema com interface gráfica usuário-dirigido que permite geração e seleção interativa de regras de associação. Análise de Pareto foi aplicada para as três medidas objetivas (suporte, confiança e lift) que acompanham cada uma das regras de associação, para validação das mesmas. Foram geradas 2.667 regras de associação, 164 consideradas úteis pelo usuário e 107 válidas para lift ≥ 1,0505. As fazendas participantes do programa Nelore Brasil apresentam especializações na oferta de touros, segundo características para habilidade materna, ganho de peso, fertilidade, precocidade sexual, longevidade, rendimento e terminação de carcaça. Os perfis genéticos dos touros são diferentes para as variedades padrão e mocho. Algumas regiões brasileiras são nichos de mercado para touros sem registro genealógico. A análise de evolução de mercado sugere que o mérito genético total, índice oficial do programa Nelore Brasil, tornou-se um importante índice para comercialização dos touros. Com o uso das regras de associação, foi possível descobrir forças do mercado e identificar combinações de atributos genéticos, geográficos e temporais que determinam a comercialização de touros no programa Nelore Brasil. The aim of this work was to use association rules to identify forces that govern bull trade with genetic evaluation by Programa Nelore Brasil. Those rules permit to highlight patterns implicit in the transactions of large databases, which indicate determining causes and effects of supply and trade of bulls. In the analysis, it was considered 19,736 records of traded bulls, 17 farms and 15 attributes related to expected differences on the progenies of sires, place and time of sale. A system with user-driven graphical interface that allows generation and interactive selection of association rules was used. Pareto analysis was applied for the three objective measures (support, trust and lift) that follow each one of the association rules to validate them. It was generated 2,667 association rules, 164 considered to be useful by the user and 107 valid for lift ≥ 1.0505. The farms participating in the Nelore Brasil program present expertise in bull offering according to maternal ability characteristics, weight gain, fertility, sexual precocity, longevity, yield and termination of carcass. The genetic profiles of the bulls are different for standard and Mocho Nellore varieties. Some Brazilian regions are market niche for sires without registered herd. The analysis of evolution of the market suggests that Mérito Genético Total (MGT), the official index of the Program Nelore Brasil has become an important index for commercialization of bulls. By using association rules, it was possible to discover market forces and to identify combinations of genetic, geographical and temporal attributes that determine commercialization of bulls in Nelore Brasil program.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:47:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-204X2010001000012.pdf: 362567 bytes, checksum: 4262a195375bede2cfb876d53184dccb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:47:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-204X2010001000012.pdf: 362567 bytes, checksum: 4262a195375bede2cfb876d53184dccb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:02:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-204X2010001000012.pdf: 362567 bytes, checksum: 4262a195375bede2cfb876d53184dccb (MD5) S0100-204X2010001000012.pdf.txt: 36369 bytes, checksum: 7bb25ece983b1ff6e10c767644a78143 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:13:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-204X2010001000012.pdf: 362567 bytes, checksum: 4262a195375bede2cfb876d53184dccb (MD5) S0100-204X2010001000012.pdf.txt: 36369 bytes, checksum: 7bb25ece983b1ff6e10c767644a78143 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:13:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-204X2010001000012.pdf: 362567 bytes, checksum: 4262a195375bede2cfb876d53184dccb (MD5) S0100-204X2010001000012.pdf.txt: 36369 bytes, checksum: 7bb25ece983b1ff6e10c767644a78143 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a variabilidade genética da raça Brahman no Brasil, por meio da análise de 15.851 pedigrees. O arquivo de dados foi dividido em dois períodos: 1998-2001 e 2002-2005. A variabilidade genética foi avaliada por parâmetros baseados na probabilidade de origem do gene: número efetivo de ancestrais, número efetivo de fundadores, número efetivo de genomas remanescentes e coeficientes de parentesco e de endogamia. Os valores encontrados quanto ao número de fundadores mostraram que a população está em expansão, embora o número efetivo de fundadores tenha diminuído de um período para outro. Os resultados foram diferentes em relação ao número de ancestrais e genomas remanescentes, que apresentaram crescimento de 23% nos períodos avaliados. O coeficiente de endogamia diminuiu nos períodos estudados, porém o coeficiente de parentesco inter se cresceu. Poucos ancestrais apresentaram grande contribuição genética para a população, o que evidencia a utilização de poucos indivíduos na reprodução. A raça Brahman, no Brasil, encontra-se em expansão, caracterizada pela diminuição do coeficiente de endogamia e aumento nos números efetivos de fundadores e de genótipos remanescentes. Entretanto, a variabilidade genética da raça mostra aumento do parentesco inter se e grande concentração do patrimônio genético de poucos indivíduos na população. This work aimed to analyse the genetic variability of Brahman breed in Brazil, through the analysis of 15,851 pedigrees. The data file was divided into two periods: 1998-2001 and 2002-2005. The genetic variability was evaluated by the following parameters, based on the probability of gene origin: number of ancestors, effective number of founders, effective number of remaining genomes, and the relationship and inbreeding coefficients. The values for the number of founders showed that the population is expanding, although the effective number of founders has been reduced from one period to the other. The results were different for the number of ancestors and the remaining genomes, which grew by 23% in the studied periods. The inbreeding coefficient decreased in the studied periods, but the inter se relationship coefficient increased. Few ancestors showed great genetic contribution to the population, which indicates the use of small number of individuals in the reproduction. Brahman breed population in Brazil is expanding, characterized by the decreasing of the inbreeding coefficients and the increasing of the effective number of ancestors and remaining genotypes. Nevertheless, the breed genetic variability shows increasing inter/ se relationships and a great concentration of gene heritage of few individuals in the population. Associação dos Criadores de Brahman do Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Zootecnia Associação Nacional de Criadores e Pesquisadores Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Cerrados Unesp FCAV Departamento de Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Zootecnia Unesp FCAV Departamento de Ciências Exatas

O Brasil é um dos lideres mundiais em produção de animais de interesse zootécnico. Porém, para manter este status, precisa investir grandemente em pesquisas que visem aumentar a produtividade animal. No âmbito do melhoramento genético animal, o Brasil conta com muitos grupos que desenvolvem estudos de grande interesse nesta área. São estudos que vão desde os clássicos trabalhos de estimativas de componentes de variância e parâmetros genéticos, passando por trabalhos de modelagem estatística até chegar aos trabalhos mais recentes envolvendo genética molecular aplicada ao melhoramento animal. Assim, a presente revisão tem por objetivo sumarizar os caminhos pelo qual o melhoramento genético animal no Brasil trilhou ao longo da primeira década do século 21, os quais podem indicar os avanços obtidos e os novos desafios. Brazil is an important world leader in animal yield, but to maintain this status, needs to invest heavily in research to increase animal productivity. For Animal Breeding purpose, Brazil has many groups that develop important studies. Those studies ranging from estimating components of variation and genetic parameters, statistical modeling, and molecular markers applied to animal breeding. Thus, this review aims to summarize the research in animal breeding in Brazil through the first decade of the 21st century, which can indicate the progress and new challenges.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:07:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982010000400007.pdf: 31978 bytes, checksum: 201c02921c09039bcd7f6a2e533acec7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:07:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982010000400007.pdf: 31978 bytes, checksum: 201c02921c09039bcd7f6a2e533acec7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:02:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982010000400007.pdf: 31978 bytes, checksum: 201c02921c09039bcd7f6a2e533acec7 (MD5) S1516-35982010000400007.pdf.txt: 27863 bytes, checksum: 756d13cfc68db67b292b4ccab542950f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982010000400007.pdf: 31978 bytes, checksum: 201c02921c09039bcd7f6a2e533acec7 (MD5) S1516-35982010000400007.pdf.txt: 27863 bytes, checksum: 756d13cfc68db67b292b4ccab542950f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982010000400007.pdf: 31978 bytes, checksum: 201c02921c09039bcd7f6a2e533acec7 (MD5) S1516-35982010000400007.pdf.txt: 27863 bytes, checksum: 756d13cfc68db67b292b4ccab542950f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-01 Dados de 23.120 animais da raça Nelore foram utilizados para estimar herdabilidade e correlações genéticas para a idade ao primeiro parto, o ganho em peso da desmama ao ano e do ano ao sobreano, o peso à desmama, o peso ao ano, o peso ao sobreano e os pesos aos 2 e aos 5 anos de idade. Utilizou-se o método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, em análise multicaracterística. As herdabilidades estimadas para idade ao primeiro parto, ganho da desmama ao ano, ganho do ano ao sobreano, peso à desmama, peso ao ano, peso ao sobreano e peso aos 2 aos 5 anos foram de 0,17 ± 0,01; 0,23 ± 0,03; 0,25 ± 0,03; 0,28 ± 0,02; 0,26 ± 0,03; 0,30 ± 0,03; 0,32 ± 0,02 e 0,36 ± 0,04, respectivamente. Correlações genéticas baixas e negativas foram estimadas entre a idade ao primeiro parto e os pesos medidos em diferentes idades, que variaram de -0,26 a -0,14. As correlações genéticas estimadas entre a idade ao primeiro parto e os ganhos de peso também foram negativas, porém levemente superiores (-0,29 e -0,32). Os resultados indicam que a seleção para maior ganho de peso pode reduzir a idade ao primeiro parto e aumentar o peso adulto de fêmeas da raça Nelore. Mudança genética mais rápida para diminuição da idade ao primeiro parto das fêmeas pode ser obtida com a inclusão dessa característica nos índices de seleção. Data from 23,120 Nellore animals were used to estimate genetic parameters for age at first calving, average gains from weaning to yearling and from yearling to after yearling, weaning weight, yearling weight, after yearling weight and weight at 2 and 5 years of age. Animal models were fitted by Restricted Maximum likelihood Method. Estimate heritability for age at first calving, weaning to yearling weight gain, yearling to after yearling weight gain, weight at weaning, yearling weight, after yearling weight and weight from 2 to 5 years of age were 0.17 ± 0.01; 0.23 ± 0.03; 0.25 ± 0.03; 0.28 ± 0.02; 0.26 ± 0.03; 0.30 ± 0.03; 0.32 ± 0.02 and 0.36 ± 0.04, respectively. The genetic correlation estimates between age at first calving and weight traits ranged from -0.26 to -0.14. The genetic correlation estimates between age at first calving and average gains were also negative, but higher (-0.29 and -0.32). In general, these results indicate that selection for average gains will promote changes in age at first calving and female mature weight. Improvement in reproductive performance could be obtained with the inclusion of the age at first calving in the selection index. UNESP FCAV Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal UNESP FCAV Departamento de Zootecnia INCT-CA IZ Estação Experimental de Zootecnia de Sertãozinho APTA SAA-SP ANCP UNESP FCAV Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal UNESP FCAV Departamento de Zootecnia

As correlações entre duas ou mais características estimam o nível de união entre elas, sendo a origem e a grandeza da relação existente de grande importância, pois visam aprimorar o material genético de um conjunto de caracteres que agem simultaneamente. Os objetivos foram: estimar os componentes de variância e herdabilidade para os pesos padronizados aos 120, 240, 365, 450 e 550 dias de idade (P120, P240, P365, P450 e P550, respectivamente) e estimar a correlação genética entre o P120 e os outros pesos citados. Foram utilizadas 29769 observações de bovinos da Raça Nelore, em análises uni e bi-caráter. Estas últimas, com o P120 como característica principal e a covariância aditiva fixada, estrategicamente, com o intuito de se obter estimativas de correlações genéticas. Os valores estimados de herdabilidades foram: 0,21 (P240); 0,37 (P365); 0,36 (P450) e 0,42 (P550). Para o P120, as estimativas variaram de 0,23 a 0,31. Os valores das correlações genéticas entre o P120 e os outros pesos foram altos e positivos: 0,96 (P240); 0,87 (P365); 0,79 (P450) e 0,76 (P550), sugerindo que a seleção para pesos em idade mais jovens promoverá o aumento dos pesos posteriores. Correlations among two or more traits indicate the extent to which they are associated. The level and magnitude of this association are key factors in genetic improvement because the goal is to enhance the genetic makeup of a group of traits that act simultaneously. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the components of variance and heritability for standard weights at 120, 240, 365, 450 and 550 days of age (P120, P240, P365, P450 and P550, respectively), and the genetic correlation among P120 and other weights in Nellore cattle using a database of 29 769 records. Bivariate analysis was carried out for all the traits using P120 as an anchor, and additive covariance was fixed as an analytical strategy in order to obtain genetic correlation estimates. Heritability (h2) values were 0.21 for P240; 0.37 for P365; 0.36 for P450 and 0.42 for P550. The estimation of h2 varied between 0.23 and 0.31 for W120. Genetic correlation estimates were high and positive, 0.96, 0.87, 0.79 and 0.76 among P120 and P240, P365, P450 and P550, respectively. These values indicate that selection for weight at younger ages will lead to a corresponding change in later weight, in the same direction. EEA Cerro Azul Fil: Garnero, Analía del V. Universidade Federal do Pampa; Brasil Fil: Dominguez Muñoz, Martin Ceferino. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; Argentina Fil: Marcondes, Cintia Righetti. Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste; Brasil Fil: Lôbo, R.B. Associação Nacional de Criadores e Pesquisadores; Brasil Fil: Lira, T. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia. Laboratório de Genética Animal; Brasil Fil: Gunski, Ricardo José. Universidade Federal do Pampa; Brasil

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:07:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982009001200010.pdf: 76394 bytes, checksum: 2958f626e9dd967ae9a775c7e152a534 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:07:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982009001200010.pdf: 76394 bytes, checksum: 2958f626e9dd967ae9a775c7e152a534 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:03:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982009001200010.pdf: 76394 bytes, checksum: 2958f626e9dd967ae9a775c7e152a534 (MD5) S1516-35982009001200010.pdf.txt: 29771 bytes, checksum: 1304617d23b849141b4a3abd14863c38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:19:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982009001200010.pdf: 76394 bytes, checksum: 2958f626e9dd967ae9a775c7e152a534 (MD5) S1516-35982009001200010.pdf.txt: 29771 bytes, checksum: 1304617d23b849141b4a3abd14863c38 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:19:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982009001200010.pdf: 76394 bytes, checksum: 2958f626e9dd967ae9a775c7e152a534 (MD5) S1516-35982009001200010.pdf.txt: 29771 bytes, checksum: 1304617d23b849141b4a3abd14863c38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-01 Os objetivos neste trabalho foram avaliar as relações entre os escores visuais de estrutura corporal, precocidade e musculosidade ao sobreano (aproximadamente 550 dias de idade) com características de crescimento para verificar as possibilidades de utilizar essas características como critérios de seleção. Foram obtidas estimativas dos componentes de covariâncias por máxima verossimilhança restrita empregando-se um modelo animal com o efeito fixo de grupo contemporâneo e a idade como covariável (efeitos linear e quadrático). Os grupos contemporâneos foram definidos pelas variáveis: sexo; ano, estação e fazenda de nascimento; e fazenda e grupo de manejo aos 120, 210, 365 e 550 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 1.367 observações de estrutura corporal, precocidade e musculosidade. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram de 0,24 ± 0,09 para estrutura corporal; 0,63 ± 0,12 para precocidade e 0,48 ± 0,11 para musculosidade, e as estimativas de correlações genéticas entre os escores foram 0,49 entre estrutura corporal e precocidade; 0,63 entre estrutura corporal e musculosidade; e 0,90 entre precocidade e musculosidade. As correlações genéticas entre os escores de estrutura corporal, precocidade e musculosidade, e o peso ao sobreano foram todas positivas (0,83; 0,42 e 0,50, respectivamente), enquanto as estimativas de correlações genéticas entre altura de posterior e os escores de estrutura corporal, precocidade e musculosidade, respectivamente, foram 0,57, -0,29 e -0,33. As características estrutura corporal, precocidade e musculosidade ao sobreano apresentaram variação genética aditiva de moderada a alta. As correlações genéticas dos escores com altura do posterior indicam que a seleção de animais mais altos, ainda que indireta, pode ocasionar aumento da estrutura corporal média dos animais, que poderão ser menos precoces e menos musculosos ao sobreano. A seleção para os escores visuais, principalmente para estrutura corporal, deve promover aumento no peso ao sobreano dos animais. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the associations between visual scores of body structure, precocity and muscling at 550 days of age and growing traits, and verify the possibilities of applying these traits as selection criteria. (Co)variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, employing an animal model with fixed effects of contemporary group and age as a covariate (linear and quadratic effects). Contemporary groups were defined by variables: sex; year, season and herd of birth; herd and management group at 120, 210, 365 and 550 days of age. Scores from 1,367 animals for body structure, precocity and muscling were evaluated. Heritability estimates for the visual scores were 0.24 ± 0.09 for body structure, 0.63 ± 0.12 for precocity and 0.48 ± 0.11 for muscling. Genetic correlations estimates among the scores were 0.49 for body structure and precocity, 0.63 between body structure and muscling, 0.90 between precocity and muscling. The genetic correlation estimates among the scores of body structure, precocity and muscling and weight at 550 days were all positive (0.83, 0.42 and 0.50, respectively), while the genetic correlation estimates between hip height and body structure, precocity and muscling were 0,57, -0,29 and -0,33, respectively. Scores for body structure, precocity and muscling at 550 days of age presented moderate-to-large additive genetic variability. The genetic correlation estimates between visual scores and hip height indicated that the selection of taller animals, even though indirectly, can increase the body structure of animals and decrease precocity and muscling at 550 days. Selection for visual scores, especially body structure, should increase animal weight at 550 days. BrasilComZ UNESP FCAV Departamento de Zootecnia Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Pecuaria Sudeste ANCP USP FMRP Departamento de Genetica UNESP FCAV Departamento de Zootecnia

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:07:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982009001200005.pdf: 172676 bytes, checksum: 5770fea33f79b326b09df9a93890065c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:07:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982009001200005.pdf: 172676 bytes, checksum: 5770fea33f79b326b09df9a93890065c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:03:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982009001200005.pdf: 172676 bytes, checksum: 5770fea33f79b326b09df9a93890065c (MD5) S1516-35982009001200005.pdf.txt: 31388 bytes, checksum: 0b7a36ab96c170a472e3ea8522562785 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:19:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982009001200005.pdf: 172676 bytes, checksum: 5770fea33f79b326b09df9a93890065c (MD5) S1516-35982009001200005.pdf.txt: 31388 bytes, checksum: 0b7a36ab96c170a472e3ea8522562785 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:19:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982009001200005.pdf: 172676 bytes, checksum: 5770fea33f79b326b09df9a93890065c (MD5) S1516-35982009001200005.pdf.txt: 31388 bytes, checksum: 0b7a36ab96c170a472e3ea8522562785 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-01 Dados de 19.458 animais da raça Nelore, nascidos entre 1975 e 2002 e pertencentes a oito fazendas participantes do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Raça Nelore (PMGRN), foram utilizados para estimar componentes de covariância, herdabilidade e correlações genéticas dos pesos ao nascimento, à desmama, ao sobreano e aos 2, 3 e 5 anos de idade. Utilizou-se o método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, em análises uni, bi e multicaracterísticas, com modelos que incluíram o efeito genético aditivo direto, como aleatório, além dos efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos e os efeitos linear e quadrático da idade do animal à pesagem (com exceção do modelo para peso ao nascer) e da idade da mãe ao parto. O efeito aleatório de ambiente permanente materno também foi incluído nos modelos de análise do peso ao nascer, peso à desmama e peso ao sobreano e o efeito aleatório genético materno somente no modelo do peso à desmama. As herdabilidades estimadas em análise multicaracterística para os pesos ao nascer, à desmama, ao sobreano, aos 2, 3 e aos 5 anos de idade foram 0,25; 0,33; 0,34; 0,32; 0,33 e 0,35, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas estimadas entre os pesos foram positivas e de moderadas a altas magnitudes e tenderam a diminuir com o aumento da distância entre as pesagens, o que indica que a seleção para peso em qualquer idade deverá promover mudança genética nos pesos nas demais idades, inclusive no peso adulto de fêmeas da raça Nelore. As estimativas de herdabilidade obtidas na análise multicaracterística foram superiores, sobretudo para os pesos aos 3 e aos 5 anos de idade, o que sugere melhor partição das variâncias genética e de ambiente em comparação às análises uni e bicaracterísticas, porém a alta demanda de recursos computacionais em análises de muitas características pode ainda dificultar o uso dessas análises em grandes bancos de dados. Records of 19,458 Nellore breed animals, born from 1975 to 2002, from 8 herds participating in the Nellore Cattle Breeding Program (NCBP) were used to estimate (co)variance components, heritability and genetic correlations for birth weight, weaning weight, weight after yearling and at 2, 3 and 5 years of age. The restricted maximum likelihood method, with univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses, was used. The models included the random additive genetic direct effect (animal) and fixed effects of age group and the linear and quadratic effects of calf age (except for the birth weight model) and age dam at calving. The random effect of permanent maternal environment was included in the analyses models for birth weight, weaning weight and yearling weight, and the random effect of maternal genetics only in the model for weaning weight. The heritability estimates, in multivariate analysis for weights at birth, weaning, yearling and at 2, 3 and 5 years of age were 0.25; 0.33; 0.34; 0.32; 0.33 and 0.35, respectively. The genetic correlations estimated between traits were positive and moderate to high in magnitude and tended to decrease with the increase in the distance between records, that indicated that selection for weight at any age will promote genetic change in weights at other ages including the female mature weight of the Nellore breed. The heritability estimates obtained in the multivariate analysis were high, especially at 3 and 5 years of age, suggesting better partition of genetic and environmental variances compared to uni and bivariate analyses but, high computer demands can still hinder its use in large databases. UNESP FCAV UNESP FCAV Departamento de Zootecnia SAA-SP APTA IZ ANCP UNESP FCAV UNESP FCAV Departamento de Zootecnia

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:07:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982009000700005.pdf: 208184 bytes, checksum: 1dbce1418904550ac428f4ae8aa83f79 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:07:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982009000700005.pdf: 208184 bytes, checksum: 1dbce1418904550ac428f4ae8aa83f79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:11:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982009000700005.pdf: 208184 bytes, checksum: 1dbce1418904550ac428f4ae8aa83f79 (MD5) S1516-35982009000700005.pdf.txt: 45452 bytes, checksum: 7b7d126fe21837c4eb094e0d68e4879d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982009000700005.pdf: 208184 bytes, checksum: 1dbce1418904550ac428f4ae8aa83f79 (MD5) S1516-35982009000700005.pdf.txt: 45452 bytes, checksum: 7b7d126fe21837c4eb094e0d68e4879d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982009000700005.pdf: 208184 bytes, checksum: 1dbce1418904550ac428f4ae8aa83f79 (MD5) S1516-35982009000700005.pdf.txt: 45452 bytes, checksum: 7b7d126fe21837c4eb094e0d68e4879d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-01 Os objetivos neste estudo foram estimar parâmetros genéticos das características categóricas musculosidade, estrutura física, aspectos raciais, conformação, ônfalo, pigmentação e sacro e predizer os valores genéticos utilizando-se a estatística bayesiana sob modelo animal de limiar, considerando diferentes idades de bovinos da raça Nelore. As informações de escores visuais foram obtidas nos anos de 2000 a 2005 de bovinos provenientes de 13 fazendas participantes do Programa Nelore Brasil. Nas análises bicaracterísticas, foram utilizados 500.000 até 1.100.000 ciclos para alcançar a convergência da cadeia de Gibbs. O descarte inicial e o intervalo amostral foram de 100.000 e 1.000 ciclos, respectivamente. As características de escores visuais avaliadas aos 8 e 22 meses de idade apresentaram estimativas de herdabilidades moderadas, indicando resposta rápida à seleção direta. Os escores visuais indicaram possibilidade de resposta rápida à seleção direta e, portanto, devem ser incorporados em programas de melhoramento genético como critérios de seleção. As estimativas de correlações genéticas entre musculosidade, estrutura física e conformação também indicam que a seleção direta para uma destas características trará progresso genético às outras. Recomenda-se utilizar os escores visuais como critérios de seleção em pelo menos duas fases de vida do animal, na desmama e ao sobreano. The objectives of this study were to estimate the genetic parameters of the following categorical traits: musculature, physical structure, racial breed aspects, conformation, navel, pigmentation and sacrum, and predict breeding values, using bayesian statistics under threshold animal models, considering different ages of cattle of the Nelore breed. The information concerning visual scores were obtained from 2000 to 2005 from cattle of the Nelore breed from thirteen participant farms of the Brazilian Nelore Program. In the two-trait analyses, 500,000 rounds up to 1,100,000 cycles were used to reach the convergence of the Gibbs chain. The burn-in and thinning interval were 100,000 and 1,000 cycles, respectively. The evaluated visual scores at the age of 8 and 22 months presented moderate heritability estimates, suggesting that these traits can be used to promote genetic gain by direct selection. The genetic correlations between the morphological traits of musculature, physical structure and conformation were moderate, indicating correlated responses between the traits. The use of the visual scores is recommended, as selection criteria, in at least two phases of the animal life, at weaning and yearling time. UFG CAJ Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Cerrados/Arroz e Feijão UNESP USP FMRP ANCP UNESP

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:00:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782009000100033.pdf: 49080 bytes, checksum: 446234228b13b0a30b2f367e76f41e8a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:00:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782009000100033.pdf: 49080 bytes, checksum: 446234228b13b0a30b2f367e76f41e8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:51:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782009000100033.pdf: 49080 bytes, checksum: 446234228b13b0a30b2f367e76f41e8a (MD5) S0103-84782009000100033.pdf.txt: 26293 bytes, checksum: 5659314c79d05b77e65f5579b52fcb72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:13:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782009000100033.pdf: 49080 bytes, checksum: 446234228b13b0a30b2f367e76f41e8a (MD5) S0103-84782009000100033.pdf.txt: 26293 bytes, checksum: 5659314c79d05b77e65f5579b52fcb72 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:13:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782009000100033.pdf: 49080 bytes, checksum: 446234228b13b0a30b2f367e76f41e8a (MD5) S0103-84782009000100033.pdf.txt: 26293 bytes, checksum: 5659314c79d05b77e65f5579b52fcb72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as causas de variação nos preços de bovinos da raça nelore pertencentes a rebanhos de seleção, os quais foram comercializados em leilões, para verificar as influências das avaliações genéticas e dos julgamentos de exterior sobre esses preços. Para tanto, foram computados os preços de venda de 426 bovinos da referida raça em 12 leilões ocorridos em diversas localidades brasileiras (regiões Centro-Oeste, Norte e Sudeste), entre os anos de 2002 e 2005. O valor médio foi de R$ 3.325,49, sendo o mínimo de R$ 1.400,00 e o máximo de R$ 10.500,00. Esses dados foram digitados juntamente com outras informações que eram apresentadas nos catálogos dos leilões. As informações registradas incluíram o sexo de cada animal, o nome do leilão e as DEPs informadas nos catálogos. Além da avaliação da influência das informações dos catálogos, também foi avaliada a influência das informações dos reprodutores, pais dos animais vendidos nos leilões, envolvendo suas DEPs publicadas em um sumário de reprodutores da raça e as pontuações de suas progênies em julgamentos. Os métodos estatísticos aplicados foram análises de variâncias e análises de agrupamento (método K-médias). Como resultado, foi observado que animais com superioridade genética em características relacionadas a desempenho ponderal, considerando-se os efeitos diretos e maternos, foram valorizados ao serem comercializados nos leilões. em contra-partida, a pontuação dos reprodutores nos julgamentos não teve influência significativa sobre os preços médios de venda de suas progênies nos leilões. This study aimed to understand the causes of variation in the marketing prices of elite flock nelore cattle commercialized by auction, especially to verify the influences of EPDs and visual assessment. The selling prices of 426 animals from the nelore breed commercialized during 12 auctions held in various Brazilian locations, between the years 2002 and 2005, were considered in the analysis. The average price was R$ 3.325,49, with a minimum of R$ 1.400,00 and a maximum of R$ 10.500,00. The data used in a first analysis included the sex of each animal, the name of the auction and the EPDs of each animal informed in a catalog provided to the buyers during the auctions. A second analysis considered the EPDs of the sires of the commercialized animals, and the accumulated punctuation of these sires through their progeny judged through visual assessment during traditional animal shows in Brazil. Variance analysis and k-means clustering were applied to run the statistical analysis of the data. It was observed that animals with better EPDs, direct and maternal effects, on growth traits were sold with higher prices during the auctions. The punctuation by visual assessment did not significantly affect the prices. Universidade de Uberaba Faculdades Associadas de Uberaba Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Zebu Universidade de Uberaba Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Genética Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal Departamento de Ciências Exatas Associação Nacional de Criadores e Pesquisadores Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal Departamento de Ciências Exatas

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:05:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572009000400015.pdf: 471141 bytes, checksum: 60e44c2ef6ede71f349ac66a5cb7fb85 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:05:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572009000400015.pdf: 471141 bytes, checksum: 60e44c2ef6ede71f349ac66a5cb7fb85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:08:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572009000400015.pdf: 471141 bytes, checksum: 60e44c2ef6ede71f349ac66a5cb7fb85 (MD5) S1415-47572009000400015.pdf.txt: 36245 bytes, checksum: 248e249b3a65a005a9eb26100680fa4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572009000400015.pdf: 471141 bytes, checksum: 60e44c2ef6ede71f349ac66a5cb7fb85 (MD5) S1415-47572009000400015.pdf.txt: 36245 bytes, checksum: 248e249b3a65a005a9eb26100680fa4a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572009000400015.pdf: 471141 bytes, checksum: 60e44c2ef6ede71f349ac66a5cb7fb85 (MD5) S1415-47572009000400015.pdf.txt: 36245 bytes, checksum: 248e249b3a65a005a9eb26100680fa4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 The aim of this study was to estimate the components of variance and genetic parameters for the visual scores which constitute the Morphological Evaluation System (MES), such as body structure (S), precocity (P) and musculature (M) in Nellore beef-cattle at the weaning and yearling stages, by using threshold Bayesian models. The information used for this was gleaned from visual scores of 5,407 animals evaluated at the weaning and 2,649 at the yearling stages. The genetic parameters for visual score traits were estimated through two-trait analysis, using the threshold animal model, with Bayesian statistics methodology and MTGSAM (Multiple Trait Gibbs Sampler for Animal Models) threshold software. Heritability estimates for S, P and M were 0.68, 0.65 and 0.62 (at weaning) and 0.44, 0.38 and 0.32 (at the yearling stage), respectively. Heritability estimates for S, P and M were found to be high, and so it is expected that these traits should respond favorably to direct selection. The visual scores evaluated at the weaning and yearling stages might be used in the composition of new selection indexes, as they presented sufficient genetic variability to promote genetic progress in such morphological traits. Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) Brasilcomz Zootecnia Tropical Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Cerrados Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Genética Associação Nacional de Criadores e Pesquisadores Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782008000200022.pdf: 50047 bytes, checksum: d6eace99c12005a073ee50026c01a240 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782008000200022.pdf: 50047 bytes, checksum: d6eace99c12005a073ee50026c01a240 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:57:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782008000200022.pdf: 50047 bytes, checksum: d6eace99c12005a073ee50026c01a240 (MD5) S0103-84782008000200022.pdf.txt: 24044 bytes, checksum: 87dbd6a342788521a211d4703a625d27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782008000200022.pdf: 50047 bytes, checksum: d6eace99c12005a073ee50026c01a240 (MD5) S0103-84782008000200022.pdf.txt: 24044 bytes, checksum: 87dbd6a342788521a211d4703a625d27 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782008000200022.pdf: 50047 bytes, checksum: d6eace99c12005a073ee50026c01a240 (MD5) S0103-84782008000200022.pdf.txt: 24044 bytes, checksum: 87dbd6a342788521a211d4703a625d27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Com objetivo de estimar parâmetros genéticos e estudar a utilização de diferentes efeitos em avaliações genéticas para idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) por diferentes modelos, foram utilizados registros de IPP de animais da raça Nelore, nascidos entre os anos de 1990 e 2005. Foram considerados os seguintes modelos (M): M1, incluindo o efeito fixo de GC1 (constituído pelos animais nascidos na mesma fazenda e ano), além da covariável, peso aos 365 dias de idade (efeito linear e quadrático), totalizando 24.263 registros de IPP; M2, considerando os efeitos fixos de GC1, ano e estação de parição, totalizando 59.792 registros de IPP e M3, incluindo os efeitos fixos de GC2 (agrupando os animais nascidos na mesma fazenda, ano e que conceberam no mesmo manejo reprodutivo), ano e estação de parição, totalizando 59.792 registros de IPP. As estimativas dos componentes de variância e herdabilidade e os valores genéticos (VG) foram obtidos pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, com a inclusão da matriz de parentesco disponível. As diferenças esperadas na progênie (DEPs) foram obtidas dividindo os VG por dois. Após a obtenção desses resultados, foram realizadas correlações entre os VG e o ranqueamento das DEPs dos reprodutores para IPP, utilizando-se o procedimento PROC CORR (SAS, 2003). Ao se considerar o ano e a estação de parto nos modelos de análise (M2 e M3), esses produziram um maior R², indicando que tais modelos conseguiram explicar, em maior grau, as diferenças existentes entre os animais para IPP. As herdabilidades estimadas foram de baixa magnitude (0,14 e 0,15). As correlações entre os VG obtidas por diferentes modelos foram 0,73 (M1 x M2); 0,91 (M2 x M3) e 0,66 (M1 x M3). With the objective of estimate genetic parameters and study the utilization of different effects on the genetic evolution for the age of the first calving (AFC) by different models, they were used AFC records from Nellore breed animals, born from 1990 to 2005. They were considered the following models (M): M1, including the fixed effect of the contemporary group (CG), CG1 (grouping the animals that were born at the same farm and year), besides the co variable, weight at 365 days of age (linear and quadratic effects), totalizing 24,263 records of AFC; M2, considering the effects of CG1, year and season of the calving, totalizing 59,792 records of AFC and M3, including effects CG2 (grouping the animals born at the same farm, year and submitted at the same reproductive management), year and season of calving totalizing 59,792 records of AFC. The components of variance and Genetic Value (GV) were obtained by Restricted Maximun Likelihood Method, with the inclusion for the relationship matrix. The Differences Expected on the Progeny (DEPs) were obtained by dividing the GV by two, after this they were estimated the correlations between GV and ranks of the reproductor's DEPs for AFC, utilizing the procedure CORR (SAS, 2003). While considering year and season of calving in the analysis models (M2 and M3), it was produced a bigger R², indicating that those models could explain, in a larger scale, the existing differences between the animals for AFC. The heritabilities estimated were of low magnitude (0,14 and 0,15). The correlations between the GV obtained by the different models were .73 (M1 x M2); .91 (M2 x M3) and .66 (M1 x M3). Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Genética Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Zootecnia

The imprinted gene insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) carries out important functions in the development of placental mammals, during the embryonic and fetal stages and is locatedo

Objective: To verify the occurrence of preeclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E) or gestational hypertension (GH) in first-degree relatives of Brazilian pregnant women. Methods: A total of 485 women were enrolled in the study, and 226 were selected (75 with PE/E, 49 with GH, and 102 women with normal pregnancies). Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test. Results: The frequency of families with mothers and/or sisters with PE/E was higher among the PE/E group compared to the GH and the control groups, and was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Women with PE/E have more female first-degree relatives with PE/E as observed in a Brazilian population.

We sampled 119 Nelore cattle (Bos indicus), 69 harboring B. indicus mtDNA plus 50 carrying Bos taurus mtDNA, to estimate the frequencies of putative mtDNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and investigate their association with Nelore weight and scrotal circumference estimated breeding values (EBVs). The PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to detect polymorphisms in the mitochondrial asparagine, cysteine, glycine, leucine and proline transporter RNA (tRNA) genes (tRNAasn, tRNAcys, tRNAgly, tRNAleu and tRNApro). The 50 cattle carrying B. taurus mtDNA were monomorphic for all the tRNA gene SNPs analyzed, suggesting that they are specific to mtDNA from B. indicus cattle. No tRNAcys or tRNAgly polymorphisms were detected in any of the cattle but we did detect polymorphic SNPs in the tRNAasn, tRNAleu and tRNApro genes in the cattle harboring B. indicus mtDNA, with the same allele observed in the B. taurus sequence being present in the following percentage of cattle harboring B. indicus mtDNA: 72.46% for tRNAasn, 95.23% for tRNAleu and 90.62% for tRNApro. Analyses of variance using the tRNAasn SNP as the independent variable and EBVs as the dependent variable showed that the G -> T SNP was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with maternal EBVs for weight at 120 and 210 days (p < 0.05) and animal's EBVs for weight at 210, 365 and 455 days. There was no association of the tRNAasn SNP with the scrotal circumference EBVs. These results confirm that mtDNA can affect weight and that mtDNA polymorphisms can be a source of genetic variation for quantitative traits.

Reaction Norm (RN) is the study of genotype-environment interaction (GxE) that complies with alternative ways of genotypes within different environments. This study was carried out to verify GxE by a reaction norm model of weights at 120 (W120) and 210 (W210) days of age in Nellore cattle raised in the Humid Tropical Regions of Brazil. Environmental gradients were obtained by solutions of contemporary groups which were fitted as co-variables in the random regression model via reaction norms. Mean weight at 120 days of age was 127.97 kg, and environmental gradients ranged between -27 and +26 kg. Average was 185.60 kg at 210 days of age and gradients ranged from -54 to +55 kg. Scale changes in the breeding values and heritability estimates occurred along the gradients for the two weights; the genetic correlations between breeding value breeding values were also similar for both weights. These correlations were high between the close gradients, and low to even negative between extreme environments. Slopes representing the environmental sensitivity were high, with changes of scale and changes in classification of ten bulls with a great numbers of calves for the two traits. When regression slopes of the ten bulls with the highest breeding value breeding values were evaluated, these values were different in W120 from those in W210, perhaps due to the greater influence of maternal effect on W120. These results characterize the influence of GxE on the pre-weaning weights of animals in the humid tropical regions of Brazil. Due to this, it is possible to get greater precision on the predictions of the animals breeding values breeding value. A less biased selection and a greater genetic progress occurred.

"O índice Mérito Genético Total do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Raça Nelore reúne numa única informação as diferentes predições do valor genético de cinco características. O cálculo leva em conta as Diferenças Esperadas na Progênie para: efeito materno do peso aos 120 dias de idade, efeito genético direto para peso aos 120; 365 e 450 dias de idade e perímetros escrotais aos 365 e 450 dias de idade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência da informação proveniente dos ascendentes (pais e avôs) quando se estima o valor genético dos reprodutores. Foi analisado um arquivo de 29.769 observações, do qual se selecionaram doze touros e a partir deste geraram-se três arquivos: o primeiro com as informações dos touros e seus descendentes, um segundo arquivo acrescentando as informações dos pais e um último no qual se acrescentou a informação dos avôs. A estimação dos parâmetros genéticos foi realizada sob Modelo Animal de característica única. As primeiras posições na classificação se mantiveram inalteradas nos diferentes arquivos, as alterações (no máximo de dois postos) ocorrem a partir da sexta posição, inferindo que poderíamos escolher um reprodutor a partir de seu valor genético estimado de sua própria informação e de seus descendentes, com confiança no valor genético."

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:55:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352005000200016.pdf: 221570 bytes, checksum: b23e9baf8b6d7e94e200f5bfefa206b1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:55:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352005000200016.pdf: 221570 bytes, checksum: b23e9baf8b6d7e94e200f5bfefa206b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:48:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352005000200016.pdf: 221570 bytes, checksum: b23e9baf8b6d7e94e200f5bfefa206b1 (MD5) S0102-09352005000200016.pdf.txt: 25898 bytes, checksum: 3cf0210c6ff3010c7c4589af1c75ab16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:12:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352005000200016.pdf: 221570 bytes, checksum: b23e9baf8b6d7e94e200f5bfefa206b1 (MD5) S0102-09352005000200016.pdf.txt: 25898 bytes, checksum: 3cf0210c6ff3010c7c4589af1c75ab16 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352005000200016.pdf: 221570 bytes, checksum: b23e9baf8b6d7e94e200f5bfefa206b1 (MD5) S0102-09352005000200016.pdf.txt: 25898 bytes, checksum: 3cf0210c6ff3010c7c4589af1c75ab16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Foram obtidas estimativas de herdabilidade e preditas diferenças esperadas na progênie para probabilidade de permanência no rebanho (stayability) de 4180 touros com filhas na base de dados do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Raça Nelore. Modelo de limiar e modelo linear foram utilizados sob análise Bayesiana via software multiple-trait Gibbs sampler for animal models. A implementação adotada considerou tamanho de cadeia de Gibbs de 225 mil, período de descarte amostral de 25 mil e tomada de amostra a cada mil rodadas. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram de menor magnitude para o modelo linear, 0,065, contra 0,158 sob modelo de limiar. Quando transformadas para escala normal subjacente, o valor obtido ficou em 0,13±0,05, bem próximo àquele encontrado sob modelo de limiar. A correlação entre classificações foi de 97%. O modelo de análise considerado para stayability, sob enfoque bayesiano, parece não influenciar a classificação dos animais quanto aos valores genéticos preditos. Análises sob modelo linear, com reduzido tempo de processamento, poderiam ser preferidas bastando transformar a escala da característica para obter a estimativa de herdabilidade. Heritability and expected progeny difference (EPD) for stayability based on progeny records of 4,180 sires from the Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Raça Nelore were estimated. Bayesian analyses for threshold and linear models were performed using the software multiple trait Gibbs sampler for animal model. Gibbs size chain of 225,000, burn-in of 25,000 and thinning interval of 1,000 cycles were considered for implementation purpose. The heritability estimated by linear model (.065) was lower than for threshold model (0.158). The heritability estimate for transformed continuous threshold scale was .13±.05 which is close to the heritability estimate for threshold model. The high rank correlation between the solutions from both models (97%) suggests the stayability analysis under Bayesian perspective does not influence the rank of the animal EPD. Therefore linear model analysis for transformed threshold stayability data, which has a reduced processing time, should be used. USP Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto USP Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas USP Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Genética UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas

No Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Raça Nelore (PMGRN) o índice Mérito Genético Total (MGT) reúne em uma única informação as diferentes predições do valor genético de cinco características. O índice considera as diferenças esperadas na progênie (DEP) para efeito materno sobre o peso aos 120 dias de idade; efeito direto do peso aos 120, 365 e 450 dias de idade; e efeito direto do perímetro escrotal aos 365 e 450 dias de idade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e descrever a mudança que ocorre no MGT de touros ao incorporar informações provenientes de seus descendentes. Em 29.769 observações, foram selecionados 12 touros que geraram três arquivos contendo informações do animal, do animal mais as da sua progênie e do animal mais as da sua progênie e de seus netos. Realizaram-se análises unicaráter utilizando-se o software MTDFREML (Multiple Trait Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelikood). O modelo para as características de peso até um ano de idade considerou, como fixos, os efeitos de grupos de contemporâneos e classe de idade da vaca ao parto e, como aleatórios, os efeitos genéticos direto, materno e de ambiente permanente da vaca. Para as características de perímetro escrotal e de peso após um ano de idade, empregaram-se os mesmos efeitos fixos e, como aleatório, o efeito genético direto. Quando se incorporaram as informações das progênies, as mudanças na classificação foram, no máximo, de duas posições. Quando as informações dos netos foram adicionadas, as posições dos touros na classificação permaneceram inalteradas. In the Nellore Breed Genetic Improvement Program (PMGRN) the breeding value predictions of five different traits are put together in a single number named Total Genetic Merit (MGT). This number is calculated from the Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) of: weight at 120 days of age - maternal; weight at 120, 365 and 450 days of age direct; and scrotal circumference at 365 and 450 days of age direct. The aim of this study was to identify and to describe the change in the MGT of bulls when information on their progenies are used. Twelve sires were selected, from a total database of 29,759 records, generating three files containing: individual performance; individual performance plus progeny performance; and individual performance plus progeny and grandprogeny performance. Single analyses were performed for all traits utilizing MTDFREML software (Multiple Traits Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood). The fixed effects (contemporary groups and cow age at calving) and the random effects (direct, maternal and permanent environmental) were included in the model for growth traits up to one year of age. The same fixed effects were included in the model for scrotal circumference traits and for body weight taken after one year of age and the direct effects as random effects. When the offspring data were added, ranking changes were achieved between classes at most in two positions. When grandprogerny were added, no changes were found.

Foram obtidas estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e preditas DEP’s (diferença esperada na progênie) para pesos não-padronizados aos 120 dias de idade (PR120), à desmama (PR240), ao ano de idade (PR365), aos 15 meses (PR455) e ao sobreano (PR550), de 29.769 animais Nelore, adotando-se o método REML, sob modelo animal. Para características PR120, PR240, PR365 e PR455, o modelo completo incluiu efeitos aleatórios de animal, aditivo materno, de ambiente permanente da vaca e de resíduo, efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos (GC) aos 120 dias de idade, ou à desmama, classe de idade da vaca ao parto (CIVP), e como covariável a idade do animal à época da pesagem. Para características pós-desmama (PR365, PR455 e PR550), consideraram-se dois modelos de análise: um sem efeito permanente da vaca, com efeitos aleatórios de animal, aditivo materno e de resíduo, efeitos fixos de GC ao ano de idade, aos 15 meses ou ao sobreano e CIVP, e como covariável a idade do animal à época da pesagem, e outro com efeitos aleatórios de animal e de resíduo, efeitos fixos de GC ao ano de idade, aos 15 meses ou ao sobreano e CIVP, e como covariável a idade do animal à época da pesagem. As médias observadas±desvios-padrão foram 127+25kg (PR120); 191±34kg (PR240); 225±42kg (PR365); 266±51kg (PR455) e 310±56kg (PR550). Resultantes das análises de característica única sob modelo completo, as estimativas de herdabilidade direta e materna para PR120, PR240, PR365 e PR455 foram 0,23 e 0,08; 0,19 e 0,10; 0,24 e 0,04; 0,30 e 0,04, respectivamente. As estimativas de herdabilidade direta foram 0,39; 0,44 e 0,43, respectivamente, para PR365, PR455 e PR550. A partir do modelo sem efeito de ambiente permanente, as estimativas de herdabilidade direta e materna foram, respectivamente para PR365, PR455 e PR550, 0,25 e 0,08; 0,32 e 0,07; 0,38 e 0,03. Quando comparadas às estimativas de herdabilidade das características padronizadas, houve pouca diferença em magnitude entre elas. Importante mudança de posto ocorreu entre a característica padronizada e a não padronizada, principalmente para DEP materna. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for non-standardized weights at nursing (PR120), at weaning (PR240), at yearling (PR365) and at post yearling (PR550), and to predict EPD’s (expected progeny differences) for these traits using records from 29,769 Nellores. Covariance components and genetic parameters were estimated by mixed-model methodology, REML, using an animal model. Models for PR120, PR240, PR365 and PR455 included the random direct and maternal animal effects, the dam permanent environmental effect and the error. Fixed effects were contemporary group (CG) and age of cow at parturition (CIVP) and the covariate age of the calf at measuring. Two additional models for PR365, PR455 and PR550 analyses were used: the first included CG and CIVP, animal and maternal direct effect, residual and age of the calf (as covariate), and the second included CG and CIVP (as fixed effects), animal direct effect, residual and age of calf at measuring. Observed means±standard deviations were: 127±25kg (PR120); 191±34kg (PR240); 225±42kg (PR365); 266±51kg (PR455) and 310±56kg (PR550). From single-trait analyses, direct and maternal heritabilities for PR120, PR240, PR365 and PR455 were, respectively, .23 and .08; .19 and .10; .24 and .04; .30 and .04. Direct heritabilities were .39; .44 and .43, respectively, for PR365, PR455 and PR550. In the model without permanent effect, direct and maternal heritabilities for PR365, PR455 and PR550 were .25 and .08; .32 and .07; .38 and .03, respectively. When the estimates for standardized traits at the same period were compared, no differences in magnitude were found. Rank correlation had important changes when standardized and non-standardized traits were compared.

Visando melhor entendimento das características quantitativas ligadas ao crescimento do gado Nelore, foi realizado estudo das estimativas de componentes de variância e coeficientes de herdabilidade para ganhos de peso nas idades padronizadas de 120 a 240, 240 a 365, 365 a 455 e 455 a 550 dias e ganhos de perímetro escrotal nas idades padronizadas de 365 a 455 e 455 a 550 dias. Componentes de covariância e correlações entre as características de ganho de peso e ganho de perímetro escrotal também foram estimados. Foram utilizados 29.769 registros de ganhos de peso e 15.676 registros de ganhos de perímetro escrotal de animais participantes do PMGRN, entre os anos de 1986 e 1999. As estimativas dos componentes de (co)variância foram obtidas pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, com algoritmo livre de derivadas, sob modelo animal. As estimativas obtidas foram: 0,32 de herdabilidade direta e 0,13 de herdabilidade materna para ganho de peso entre 120 e 240 dias de idade; 0,16, 0,21 e 0,23 de herdabilidade direta para ganho de peso nas idades de 240 a 365, 365 a 455 e 455 a 550 dias, respectivamente; 0,24 e 0,18 de herdabilidade direta para ganho de perímetro escrotal nas idades de 365 a 455 e 455 a 550 dias, respectivamente; e correlação genética de 0,18 entre os ganhos de peso e de perímetro escrotal.

Foram analisados registros de 20 rebanhos integrantes do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Raça Nelore (PMGRN), estudando-se as seguintes variáveis: ganho de peso por dia de idade até os 120, 200, 310 e 350kg (GPDpesok), peso padrão aos 120, 240, 365 e 550 dias de idade e peso real às idades mencionadas. As análises unicaráter mediante Modelo Animal, usando o aplicativo MTDFREML, proporcionaram estimativas de herdabilidades semelhantes para os pesos pré-desmama, variando entre 0,21-0,27 para o efeito direto, sendo que a correlação genética entre efeitos diretos e maternos foi negativa, variando entre -0,42 a -0,24. Para os pesos pós-desmama os coeficientes de herdabilidade foram maiores para as variáveis pesos padrão e peso real do que em relação ao ganho de peso por dia de idade. A correlação genética mostrou a mesma tendência para os dois primeiros tipos de características e, para última, foi positiva e próxima de zero. A contribuição do efeito aditivo materno e do ambiente permanente para a variância fenotípica na maioria das características estudadas justificam sua inclusão em programas de Melhoramento genético na raça Nelore. Os resultados indicam que, para o período pós-desmama, a seleção por peso seria mais eficiente do que para o GPD. Records of animals from 20 herds participating in the Genetic Breeding Program of Nelore Cattle (PMGRN) were analyzed. The variables considered were gains by day of age until 120, 200, 310 and 350kg (WGD weight k), the adjusted weights at 120, 240, 365 and 550 days and the observed weights at these same ages. Animal Model analysis using MTDFREML programs showed similar heritabilities for pre-weaning weights ranging from 0.21 to 0.27 for direct effect. The genetic correlation between direct and maternal effects was negative and ranged from -0.42 to -0.24. For postweaning weights the heritabilities were greater for the adjusted and observed weights then for the daily gain by age. The genetic correlation showed the same tendency for the first two kinds of traits and was positive and close to zero for the last one. The contribution of additive maternal effect and permanent environmental effect to the phenotypic variance of most traits studied should be considered in breeding programs of Nelore cattle. Results suggested that selection for postweaning traits would be more efficient when done on weights than on WGD.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:06:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982001000300016.pdf: 83638 bytes, checksum: 07d31d100a2c4a34257b3b1939dc84e6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:06:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982001000300016.pdf: 83638 bytes, checksum: 07d31d100a2c4a34257b3b1939dc84e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:10:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982001000300016.pdf: 83638 bytes, checksum: 07d31d100a2c4a34257b3b1939dc84e6 (MD5) S1516-35982001000300016.pdf.txt: 24758 bytes, checksum: 1e8f1b5de924c324c55ca7118ff55533 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:17:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982001000300016.pdf: 83638 bytes, checksum: 07d31d100a2c4a34257b3b1939dc84e6 (MD5) S1516-35982001000300016.pdf.txt: 24758 bytes, checksum: 1e8f1b5de924c324c55ca7118ff55533 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:17:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982001000300016.pdf: 83638 bytes, checksum: 07d31d100a2c4a34257b3b1939dc84e6 (MD5) S1516-35982001000300016.pdf.txt: 24758 bytes, checksum: 1e8f1b5de924c324c55ca7118ff55533 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Utilizando 53.433 observações da raça Nelore, foram obtidas estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para pesos padronizados aos 120, 240 e 550 dias de idade (P120, P240 e P550), para número de dias para ganhar 160 kg até a desmama (D160), dias para ganhar mais 240 kg entre o desmame e o ponto final (D240) e perímetro escrotal aos 550 dias de idade (PE550). Adotou-se o método REML, sob modelo animal, e utilizaram-se modelos que incluíram como fixos os efeitos de grupo contemporâneo (constituído por fazenda, época do ano, sexo e regime alimentar) e classe de idade da vaca ao parto (120 meses) e, como aleatórios, os efeitos genéticos direto, materno e de ambiente permanente da vaca. As herdabilidades diretas (h a²), obtidas a partir das análises bi-caráter (PE550 com todas as outras), foram 0,19 para P120 e P240, 0,34 para P550, 0,09 para D160, 0,16 para D240 e média da h a² para PE550 foi de 0,36. As herdabilidades maternas variaram de 0,02 a 0,12 para as características de crescimento. As correlações foram todas de mediana magnitude. Os pesos padronizados constituem-se melhor critério de seleção, baseando-se nas estimativas de herdabilidade, do que o critério dias para atingir determinado peso. Entre as características utilizadas, o P550 apresenta a maior herdabilidade direta estimada e a melhor resposta correlacionada em PE550, indicando maior ganho genético, quando se considera a seleção direta para essa característica. Devido às baixas herdabilidades encontradas para as características D160 e D240, a adoção desse critério levaria à menor resposta à seleção do que para os pesos padronizados. Data to 53433 of Nellore cattle were used to estimate genetic parameters for standardized weights at 120, 240, and 550 days of age (P120, P240, and P550 respectively), scrotal circumference at 550 days (PE550), days to reach 160 kg (D160), and 240 kg (D240) of live weigh. It was used software the MTDFREML with mixed-model analysis using animal model. Model included fixed effects of contemporary groups (GC) and classes of age-of-dam calving and random direct and maternal genetic effects, the dam permanent environmental effect and the error. Direct heritability (h²a), in multiple-trait analysis between PE550 and all others traits, were .19 (for P120 and P240), .34 (for P550), .09 (for D160), .16 (for D240) and .36 (mean for PE550). Maternal heritability for growth traits ranged from .02 to .12. Genetic correlations among PE550 and the others traits had medium magnitude. Standardized weights rather than days to live weight, were better selection criteria when heritabilities and selection response were consideraded. Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Genética Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:06:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982001000400017.pdf: 63237 bytes, checksum: 08a40e028c00135829e683a085ab0da1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:06:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982001000400017.pdf: 63237 bytes, checksum: 08a40e028c00135829e683a085ab0da1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:10:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982001000400017.pdf: 63237 bytes, checksum: 08a40e028c00135829e683a085ab0da1 (MD5) S1516-35982001000400017.pdf.txt: 41302 bytes, checksum: a886addfe29d08680d50a723bd10db4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:17:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982001000400017.pdf: 63237 bytes, checksum: 08a40e028c00135829e683a085ab0da1 (MD5) S1516-35982001000400017.pdf.txt: 41302 bytes, checksum: a886addfe29d08680d50a723bd10db4e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:17:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982001000400017.pdf: 63237 bytes, checksum: 08a40e028c00135829e683a085ab0da1 (MD5) S1516-35982001000400017.pdf.txt: 41302 bytes, checksum: a886addfe29d08680d50a723bd10db4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-06-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade fenotípica e genética do peso adulto de matrizes da raça Nelore. As informações trabalhadas foram provenientes de 34 rebanhos, de onze diferentes regiões brasileiras. Foram consideradas na análise vacas das variedades mocha e de chifres, criadas em regime de pasto, de rebanhos com no mínimo 50 matrizes. Com estas restrições, formou-se um conjunto de dados que totalizou 6.867 vacas e uma matriz de parentesco de 17.039 animais. O peso corporal indicador do peso adulto (PA) foi definido como o primeiro peso (kg) observado dentro do limite de quatro a doze anos de idade. Estes pesos foram aferidos em uma das três seguintes condições: normal, nas pesagens de rotina, em abril e outubro de cada ano, de acordo com o calendário estabelecido pelo programa, ao parto ou à desmama do produto. O tratamento de dados e as análises estatísticas foram feitos pela aplicação de procedimentos contidos no Sistema de Análise Estatística (SAS). Fazenda, ano de nascimento, ano de realização da pesagem, situação à pesagem, estação da pesagem e as interações ano*estação de nascimento e ano*estação da pesagem foram as principais causas de variação para PA. A média geral do PA foi 447 kg, com coeficiente de variação de 11%. As análises genéticas foram feitas pela aplicação do modelo animal, utilizando-se o aplicativo MTDFREML, tendo sido formados previamente 1.126 grupos de contemporâneas, reunindo-se as vacas provenientes da mesma fazenda, nascidas no mesmo ano e pesadas no mesmo ano e estação, sob a mesma condição, por ocasião da pesagem. As estimativas dos componentes genético aditivo (537,78 kg²), residual (1.553,22 kg²) e fenotípico (2.090,59 kg²), resultaram em uma estimativa de herdabilidade de 0,26. As predições dos valores genéticos para peso adulto variaram entre -41,9 a +61,4 kg, com acurácias de 0 a 0,95. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the Nellore breed in Brazil with respect to the phenotypic and genetic variation of the mature size of cows. The observations were taken from 34 herds of eleven different beef cattle production regions in the country. There were considered cows of the horned and polled varieties, raised on pastures, from herds that had at least 50 cows. With these restrictions it was formed a general file with 6,867 cows with valid observations on mature weight (MW) and a genetic relationship matrix with 17,039 animals. Body weight, as indicator of the mature size, was defined as the first weight (kg) observed since the cows were from four through twelve years old. This weight was taken under one of three different conditions: normal, at the routine weighing, in April and October, according to the established schedule of the program, at parturition or at weaning of the calf. Data management and statistical analyses were carried out through the utilization of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). Herd, year of birth, year of weighing, condition at weighing, season of weighing and the interactions year*season of birth and year*season of weighing were the most important sources of variation for MW. The overall mean for mature weight was 447 kg, with a coefficient of variation of 11%. The genetic analysis was carried out by the use of the Multiple Trait Derivative-Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood (MTDFREML) algorithm under an animal model. The 1,126 contemporary groups included cows from the same herd, born at the same year, weighted at the same year and season and at the same condition at weighing. The additive genetic (537.78 kg²), residual (1,553.22 kg²) and phenotypic (2,090.59 kg²) variance components provided a heritability estimate of 0.26, for MW. The predicted genetic breeding values varied from -41.9 through +61.4 kg, with accuracy ranging from 0 to 0.95. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Gado de Corte Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Universidade Estadual Paulista UFG EV Universidade Estadual Paulista

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:06:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982000000600016.pdf: 37631 bytes, checksum: e144b8892b3009534c6ecec9dc672201 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:06:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982000000600016.pdf: 37631 bytes, checksum: e144b8892b3009534c6ecec9dc672201 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:10:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982000000600016.pdf: 37631 bytes, checksum: e144b8892b3009534c6ecec9dc672201 (MD5) S1516-35982000000600016.pdf.txt: 24886 bytes, checksum: dd4b3c00a9664a1582ea8ff07932563a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:17:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982000000600016.pdf: 37631 bytes, checksum: e144b8892b3009534c6ecec9dc672201 (MD5) S1516-35982000000600016.pdf.txt: 24886 bytes, checksum: dd4b3c00a9664a1582ea8ff07932563a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:17:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982000000600016.pdf: 37631 bytes, checksum: e144b8892b3009534c6ecec9dc672201 (MD5) S1516-35982000000600016.pdf.txt: 24886 bytes, checksum: dd4b3c00a9664a1582ea8ff07932563a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-12-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Pesagens referentes a 776 matrizes de um rebanho criado em Ocauçu, SP, foram analisadas com o objetivo de se avaliar o peso adulto das matrizes e estimar os seus parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos. Uma investigação preliminar demonstrou que mês ou estação de nascimento não constituíam fontes importantes de variação para o peso adulto, o qual foi mais influenciado pelo mês de realização da pesagem (abril ou julho) e pela idade da vaca (de 4 a 14 anos, nos pontos médios dos intervalos). A análise definitiva foi feita em seguida, submetendo-se as observações de campo a um modelo linear misto que continha os efeitos fixos de idade da vaca e mês da pesagem, combinados em 22 classes, e os efeitos genéticos aditivos dos animais. A idade média das matrizes foi 7,6 anos, sendo que o peso adulto, variando entre 330 e 585 kg, apresentou a média de 458 kg com desvio-padrão de 39 kg e coeficiente de variação de 8,5%. As variâncias fenotípica, genética e de ambiente foram estimadas em 1544, 561 e 983 kg², respectivamente, resultando em uma estimativa de herdabilidade de 0,36. A magnitude desta estimativa e os valores genéticos preditos para o peso adulto dos animais incluídos na matriz de parentesco, variando entre - 40,1 e + 44,4 kg, indicam a possibilidade de sucesso na inclusão desta nova característica como um critério alternativo de seleção nos programas de melhoramento genético da raça Nelore. Records of 776 Nellore cows from a herd raised at São Paulo State, Brazil, were analyzed to determine the cow mature weight and to estimate their genetic and phenotypic parameters. A previous analysis showed that month and season of birth were not important sources of variation for the cow mature weight. This trait was influenced most by the month when the cows were weighted (April or July) and by the age of the cow (4 to 14 years, at the midpoints of the intervals). It was then used a linear mixed model that included the fixed effects of age of the cow and month of the weighing, combined in 22 classes, and the animal genetic additive effects. The average cow mature weight was 458 kg, varying from 330 through 585 kg, with a standard deviation of 39 kg and cows were in average 7.6 years old. The phenotypic, genetic and environmental variances were 1,544, 561, and 983 kg², respectively, resulting on a heritability estimate of 0.36. The predicted genetic values for cow mature weight ranked from - 40.1 kg through + 44.4 kg, showing that success may be attained by including this new trait as an alternative selection criteria for the Brazilian Nellore genetic improvement programs. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) CNPGC Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Genética Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto UNESP Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) UNESP

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:06:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982000000400008.pdf: 112062 bytes, checksum: aef181986e1dcde16364889566aef492 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:06:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982000000400008.pdf: 112062 bytes, checksum: aef181986e1dcde16364889566aef492 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-08-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:10:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982000000400008.pdf: 112062 bytes, checksum: aef181986e1dcde16364889566aef492 (MD5) S1516-35982000000400008.pdf.txt: 39074 bytes, checksum: 4e82ae8105f21ad63b161e950b8d37d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-08-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:17:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982000000400008.pdf: 112062 bytes, checksum: aef181986e1dcde16364889566aef492 (MD5) S1516-35982000000400008.pdf.txt: 39074 bytes, checksum: 4e82ae8105f21ad63b161e950b8d37d6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:17:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982000000400008.pdf: 112062 bytes, checksum: aef181986e1dcde16364889566aef492 (MD5) S1516-35982000000400008.pdf.txt: 39074 bytes, checksum: 4e82ae8105f21ad63b161e950b8d37d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-08-01 Informações de 7986 nascimentos de animais da raça Nelore, ocorridos entre 1960 e 1993, provenientes de um rebanho do Estado de São Paulo, foram usadas para estudar componentes de (co)variâncias, herdabilidades e correlações genéticas de peso ao desmame (P240), peso a um ano de idade (P365), idade ao primeiro parto (IPP), primeiro intervalo de partos (IEP1), eficiência reprodutiva (ER), anos de permanência da matriz no rebanho (LONG) e peso ao desmame do primeiro bezerro da matriz (P240B). As análises foram realizadas utilizando-se o software MTDFREML, estimando-se os componentes de (co)variâncias por máxima verossimilhança restrita, assumindo modelo animal. As estimativas de herdabilidade apresentaram resultados similares entre as diferentes análises, sendo mais altas (0,26 a 0,35) para P240, P365 e IPP e mais baixas (0,08 a 0,26) para IEP1, ER, LONG e P240B. de modo geral, as estimativas de correlação genética e fenotípica entre crescimento e reprodução foram baixas e entre as características de reprodução, mais altas e de sentido favorável. Algumas correlações entre o efeito genético materno das características de crescimento e o direto das características de reprodução foram de média magnitude e de sentido desfavorável, sugerindo antagonismo genético entre produção de leite e reprodução. Informations of 7986 births of animals from a Nellore cattle herd, from 1960 to 1993, were used to estimate (co) variance components, heritabilities and genetic correlations of weaning weight (W240), yearling weight (W365), age at first calving (AFC), first calving interval (CI1), reproductive efficiency (RE), longevity (LONG), calculated as years of permanence of cow in herd and weaning weight of the first calf of cow (W240C). The analysis were performed using the MTDFREML software, estimating the (co) variance components by restricted maximum likelihood, assuming an animal model. Estimates of heritability showed similar results among the different analyses, being higher (0.26 to 0.35) for W240, W365 and AFC and lower (0.08 to 0.26) for CI1, RE, LONG and W240C. In general, the estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations among growth and reproductive traits were low and among the reproductive traits were high and favorable. Some correlations between maternal genetic effect of the growth and the direct genetic effect of the reproductive traits were of average magnitude and unfavorable, suggesting genetic antagonism between milk production and reproduction. E. E. Zootecnia de Sertãozinho Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Genética Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Melhoramento e Produção Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Melhoramento e Produção Animal

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:04:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47571999000400013.pdf: 78253 bytes, checksum: d07501fe598373954cc71b5b99c2e004 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:04:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47571999000400013.pdf: 78253 bytes, checksum: d07501fe598373954cc71b5b99c2e004 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:08:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47571999000400013.pdf: 78253 bytes, checksum: d07501fe598373954cc71b5b99c2e004 (MD5) S1415-47571999000400013.pdf.txt: 16890 bytes, checksum: 0967235e8c81c35f26d585054808f596 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47571999000400013.pdf: 78253 bytes, checksum: d07501fe598373954cc71b5b99c2e004 (MD5) S1415-47571999000400013.pdf.txt: 16890 bytes, checksum: 0967235e8c81c35f26d585054808f596 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47571999000400013.pdf: 78253 bytes, checksum: d07501fe598373954cc71b5b99c2e004 (MD5) S1415-47571999000400013.pdf.txt: 16890 bytes, checksum: 0967235e8c81c35f26d585054808f596 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-12-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O continente americano foi colonizado no século XVI por europeus que fizeram as primeiras introduções de bovinos, de origem taurina. Os registros das primeiras importações de Zebus para a América do Sul datam do século XIX e continuam até o século XX, constituídos na maioria por machos do sub-continente indiano. Neste artigo, demonstramos, através dos estudos de polimorfismos no DNA mitocondrial (mtDNA), uma participação majoritária de matriarcas de origem taurina na formação do Zebu PO americano (79% dos animais analisados da raça Nelore, 73% na Gir e 100% na Brahman). Ainda, criamos um mapa de restrição com os polimorfismos descritos de três enzimas de restrição. Os resultados estão discutidos em termos da origem do Zebu americano e da aplicação deste conhecimento no estudo dos efeitos do genoma citoplasmático, nas características produtivas dos bovinos. The American continent was colonized in the 16th century by Europeans who first introduced cattle of Bos taurus origin. Accounts register introduction of Bos indicus cattle into South America in the 19th and continuing through the 20th century, and most reported imports were males derived from the Indian subcontinent. In the present study we show, by using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism, major participation of matrilineages of taurus origin in the American Zebu purebred origin, i.e., 79, 73 and 100% for the Nellore, Gyr and Brahman breeds, respectively. Moreover, we have created a restriction map identifying polymorphism among B. taurus and B. indicus mtDNA using three restriction enzymes. Results are discussed concerning American Zebu origins and potential use of this information for investigating the contribution of cytoplasmic genes in cattle production traits. USP UNESP Univ. de Montréal UNESP

Reproductive biotechnology is growing worldwide as one of the most important tools of cattle breeding because it accelerates the process of genetic improvement. Most of the embryos produced are obtained using frozen semen from different AI centers. During freezing and thawing of semen, the sperm can be damaged by the rapid and dramatic changes in the physicochemical conditions that occur during cooling and ice formation. It has previously been described that bad management of frozen semen can result in reduced fertilization. This study investigated the influence of different central bull stations on the development of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. We compared semen of 154 Nelore bulls, used for IVF, from 8 different central bull stations (all of which used the same cryopreservation protocol) in the development of blastocysts. The in vitro production of embryos was performed as described: oocytes were collected from the slaughterhouse and matured in TCM-199 + 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) +0.5 μg mL-1 FSH + 50 μg mL-1 LH+ 1 μg mL-1 estradiol, for 24 hat 38.5°C in 5%CO2 in atmospheric air. Viable spermatozoids were obtained by centrifugation in Percoll gradient (45 and 90%), and used for IVF in a concentration of 2 million spermatozoa per mL in TALP + 10 μg mL-1 of heparin medium. After 12 h, the presumptive zygotes were transferred to a CR2+ 10% FCS medium and co-cultured with cumulus cells. After 168 h of IVF, we evaluated the number and stage of cleaved embryos produced with the semen of each bull. Statistical analyses were performed by using the chi-square test. Our results suggest that there are differences among distinct central bull stations in the proportion of embryos that developed into blastocysts and the different stages they hatched. FAPESP, CNPq, PROEX, FAEPA.

The objective of this study was to estimate the relative effects of genetic and phenotypic factors on the efficacy and efficiency of superovulation for Holstein-Friesian cows reared in Brazil. A database, established by the Associacao Brasileira de Criadores de Bovinos da Raca Holandesa, consisting of a total of 5387 superovulations of 2941 cows distributed over 473 herds and sired by 690 bulls was used for the analysis. The records were analyzed by MTDFREML (Multiple Trait Derivative-Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood), using a repeatability animal model. The fixed effects included in the model were contemporaneous group (veterinarian, herd, year and season of the superovulation); number of semen doses; cow age; and superovulation order. The estimated repeatability of the number of the transferable embryos was low (0.13), and the estimated heritability was 0.03. These results indicate that environmental factors play a critical role in the response of a cow to a superovulation treatment. There is little evidence that future responses to superovulation by individual females can be predicted by previous treatment(s) or that superovulation response is an heritable trait.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:24:31Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:41:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-79951543257.pdf: 68103 bytes, checksum: 556360a682cdf3c6bf3a0d828c828906 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:24:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-01 Mature weight breeding values were estimated using a multi-trait animal model (MM) and a random regression animal model (RRM). Data consisted of 82 064 weight records from 8 145 animals, recorded from birth to eight years of age. Weights at standard ages were considered in the MM. All models included contemporary groups as fixed effects, and age of dam (linear and quadratic effects) and animal age as covariates. In the RRM, mean trends were modelled through a cubic regression on orthogonal polynomials of animal age and genetic maternal and direct and maternal permanent environmental effects were also included as random. Legendre polynomials of orders 4, 3, 6 and 3 were used for animal and maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects, respectively, considering five classes of residual variances. Mature weight (five years) direct heritability estimates were 0.35 (MM) and 0.38 (RRM). Rank correlation between sires' breeding values estimated by MM and RRM was 0.82. However, selecting the top 2% (12) or 10% (62) of the young sires based on the MM predicted breeding values, respectively 71% and 80% of the same sires would be selected if RRM estimates were used instead. The RRM modelled the changes in the (co)variances with age adequately and larger breeding value accuracies can be expected using this model. © South African Society for Animal Science. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP, 14884-000-Jaboticabal (SP) Instituto de Zootecnia Estaçao Experimental de Zootecnia de Sertãozinho, Cx. 63, 14.160-000-Sertãozinho (SP) Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto USP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP, 14884-000-Jaboticabal (SP)