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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that colonizes and infects various host species and has been found in the poultry production chain, raising concerns about possible transmission from farm to fork. The objective of this study was to use meta-analytical methods to estimate the pooled prevalence of MRSA in chickens, turkeys, chicken meat, and turkey meat. Three electronic databases (PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO) were searched to establish MRSA prevalence from 51 studies published from 2003 through May 2017. The heterogeneity was assessed, and the pooled MRSA prevalence was calculated by using the random effects model according to the method of DerSimonian and Laird. Pooled MRSA prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) in turkeys, turkey meat, broilers, and chicken meat was 36% (1 to 78%), 13% (1 to 28%), 5% (2 to 9%), and 5% (3 to 8%), respectively. South America had the highest MRSA prevalence (27%; 95% CI, 17 to 37%), and North America had the lowest (1%; 95% CI, 0 to 2%). Livestock-associated MRSA has been isolated from poultry and poultry meat, indicating that this variant can spread from farm to fork. The presence of MRSA in poultry and poultry meat poses risks to public health, and steps should be taken to mitigate the contamination and spread of this bacterium along the poultry production chain. published

A preliminary investigation of the genus Eucereon Hubner, [1819] has revealed that two of its species have been historically misidentified, one of them being its type species, E. archias (Stoll, 1790). The neotype designated by Travassos (1959) for this species is invalidated, and its original concept is reestablished based on the original description and illustrations. The original concept of Eucereon punctatum (Guerin-Meneville, [1844]) is also found to be different than that established in the literature. This discovery is based on a type specimen found at the Natural History Museum, London. Eucereon punctatum is the valid name of Theages quadricolor Walker, 1855, n. syn., E. quadricolor boreale Rothschild, 1912 n. syn., and E. quadricolor meridionale Rothschild, 1912 n. syn. The authors' concept of E. punctatum is hence-forth to be referred to by its oldest incorrect synonym, Eucereon mitigatum Walker rev. stat. Following the synonymic history for this species, this name here is considered to...

Fivenew speciesofHeliuraButler (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) are described:H. laguerreiPinheiro and Cerda,H. beneluziPinheiro and Cerda,Heliura crameriPinheiro and Cerda,H. nigriventrisPinheiro and Duarte, andH. pauloiPinheiro and Duarte. The last three species are placed in theH. stolli(Rothschild) species group, which is delimited for the first time and discussed. The other known species that are also part of this group are redescribed, and an identification key is provided.Heliura pieroidesRothschild is a revalidated combination.Heliura parcipunctais a new combination.Heliura pierusCramer is considered aspecies inquirenda. Illustrations of habitus and genitalia of the species treated herein are provided whenever possible.

Astrocytes and microglia, the immune competent cells of central nercous system, can be activated in response to metabolic signals such as obesity and hyperleptinaemia. In rats, maternal exposure to nicotine during lactation leads to central obesity, hyperleptinaemia, leptin resistance and alterations in hypothalamic neuropeptides in the offspring during adulthood. In the present study, we studied the activation of astrocytes and microglia, as well as the pattern of inflammatory mediators, in adult offspring of this experimental model. On postnatal day 2 (P2), osmotic minipumps releasing nicotine (NIC) (-6 mg/kg/day) or saline for 14 days were s.c. implanted in dams. Male offspring were killed on P180 and hypothalamic immunohistochemistry, retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (WAT) polymerase chain reaction analysis and multiplex analysis for plasma inflammatory mediators were carried out. At P180, NIC astrocyte cell number was higher in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) (medial: +82%; lateral: +110%), in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) (+144%) and in the lateral hypothalamus (+121%). NIC glial fibrillary acidic protein fibre density was higher in the lateral ARC (+178%) and in the PVN (+183%). Interleukin-6 was not affected in the hypothalamus. NIC monocyte chemotactic protein 1 was only higher in the periventricular nucleus (+287%). NIC microglia (iba-1-positive) cell number was higher (+68%) only in the PVN, as was the chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 density (+93%). NIC interleukin-10 was lower in the WAT (-58%) and plasma (-50%). Thus, offspring of mothers exposed to nicotine during lactation present hypothalamic astrogliosis at adulthood and microgliosis in the PVN.

SummaryNine new species of the genus Heliura are described from Brazil (H. brasiliana sp. nov., H. olivocolora sp. nov., H. pulcherrima sp. nov., and H. laerteae sp. nov.), Ecuador (H. ecuadoris sp. nov.), Peru (H. flavipennis sp. nov. and H. peruana sp. nov.), and Venezuela (Heliura albiventris sp. nov. and H. juliani sp. nov.). They are illustrated in habitus and genitalia, and their phylogenetic affinities are discussed based on morphological evidence.

Early nicotine exposure causes future obesity and insulin resistance. We evaluated the long-term effect of the maternal nicotine exposure during lactation in liver oxidative status, insulin sensitivity and morphology in adult offspring. Two days after birth, osmotic minipumps were implanted in the dams: nicotine (N), 6 mg/kg/day for 14 days or saline (C). Offspring were killed at 180 days. Protein content of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, nitrotyrosine, 4HNE, IRS1, Akt1 and PPARs were measured. MDA, bound protein carbonyl content, SOD, GPx and catalase activities were determined in liver and plasma. Hepatic morphology and triglycerides content were evaluated. Albumin and bilirubin were determined. In plasma, N offspring had higher catalase activity, and SOD/GPx ratio, albumin and bilirubin levels but lower MDA content. In liver, they presented higher MDA and 4HNE levels, bound protein carbonyl content, SOD activity but lower GPx activity. N offspring presented an increase of lipid droplet, higher triglyceride content and a trend to lower PPARα in liver despite unchanged insulin signaling pathway. Early nicotine exposure causes oxidative stress in liver at adulthood, while protect against oxidative stress at plasma level. In addition, N offspring develop liver microsteatosis, which is related to oxidative stress but not to insulin resistance.

We assess, through numerical simulation, the dependence of the variance of the inter-core crosstalk (ICXT) and the maximum allowable ICXT level on the design parameters of coherent detection MCF systems. The analysed design parameters are the order of the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals, roll-off factor, time misalignment between the signal in different cores and skew between cores. The results show that, when the roll-off factor is 0, the maximum allowable ICXT level is independent of the skew and decreases for higher QAM orders. For a roll-off factor of 1, the maximum allowable ICXT level depends on the skew and time misalignment of core signals. In this case, the maximum allowable ICXT level increases by 3.6 dB relative to the case of roll-off factor of 0 with null skew, and by 2 dB, when the skew is much higher than the symbol period. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

AIM To evaluate apical transportation and centring ability during root canal preparation in mesial root canals of mandibular molars associated with ProTaper Gold (PTG), ProDesign S (PDS), Hyflex CM (HCM), Hyflex EDM and ProDesign Logic (PDL). METHODOLOGY Sixty mandibular first molars with two separate canals in the mesial root were selected after root anatomy pairing by microcomputed tomography (microCT). The teeth were randomly divided into five groups (n = 24); the root canal volume was calculated to ensure sample homogeneity. All the root canals were prepared up to size 25 in accordance with the instructions of each rotary system manufacturer. After root canal preparation, the teeth were scanned by microCT to analyse apical transportation, root canal centralization and the pre- and post-preparation root canal volume at the apical and cervical levels. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used for comparisons amongst groups for transportation values. For volume changes, the parametric ANOVA and Tukey's tests were used RESULTS: There were no significant differences in apical transportation amongst the rotary systems (P > 0.05). All the systems created apical transportation; values ranging from 0.031 mm (PDL) to 0.072 mm (PTG), and enlargements between 39% (HCM) and 91.1% (PDS) were observed. In relative to cervical transportation, significant differences were observed amongst the systems (P

The impact of the in-band crosstalk on the performance of virtual carrier (VC)-assisted direct detection (DD) multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) systems was numerically assessed via Monte-Carlo simulations, by means of a single interferer and 4-ary, 16-ary and 64-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) formats in the OFDM subcarriers. It was also investigated the influences of the virtual carrier-to-band power ratio (VBPR) and the virtual carrier-to-band gap (VBG) on the DD in-band crosstalk tolerance of the OFDM receiver. It was shown the modulation format order decrease enhances the tolerance to in-band crosstalk. When the VBG is the same for both interferer and selected signal, the interferer VBPR increase is seen to lead to lower optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) penalties due to in-band crosstalk. Considering that the VCs frequencies of the selected and interferer OFDM signals are equal, the increase of the interferer VBG also gives rise to lower OSNR penalties. When the interferer and selected signals bands central frequencies are the same, the change of interferer VBG can attain 11 dB less tolerance to in-band crosstalk of the VC-assisted DD OFDM system. We also evaluate the error vector magnitude (EVM) accuracy of the in-band crosstalk tolerance of the DD OFDM receiver and our results show that the EVM estimations are inaccurate. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Inter-core crosstalk (ICXT) can limit the multi-core fiber (MCF) systems performance and transmission reach. Over the last years, the impact of the ICXT on the performance of MCF optical communication systems with coherent detection has been investigated in several works. However, the influence of the MCF parameters and transmitted signal characteristics on the ICXT mechanism and the degradation induced by it on the performance of coherent detection MCF systems are still to be completely assessed. In this work, the impact of the ICXT on the performance of coherent detection MCF-based transmission systems is assessed through numerical simulation considering fiber linear propagation. The metrics used to assess the MCF system performance are the bit error rate (BER) and the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) penalty due to the ICXT. Our results show that the BER and the OSNR penalty due to the detected ICXT, in MCF-based systems with coherent detection, are influenced by the s kew, time misalignment between the transmitted signals and the roll-off factor of the transmitted signals. In the range of skew and roll-off factors analyzed, the maximum reduction of maximum ICXT level for a 1 dB OSNR penalty by appropriate choice of skew and roll-off factor does not exceed 1.7 dB. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Postnatal nicotine exposure leads to obesity and hypothyroidism in adulthood. We studied the effects of maternal nicotine exposure during lactation on thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism and function in adult offspring. Lactating rats received implants of osmotic minipumps releasing nicotine (NIC, 6 mg/kg per day s.c.) or saline (control) from postnatal days 2 to 16. Offspring were killed at 180 days. We measured types 1 and 2 deiodinase activity and mRNA, mitochondrial α-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD) activity, TH receptor (TR), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), hypothalamic TRH, pituitary TSH, andin vitroTRH-stimulated TSH secretion. Expression of deiodinase mRNAs followed the same profile as that of the enzymatic activity. NIC exposure caused lower 5′-D1 and mGPD activities; lower TRβ1 content in liver as well as lower 5′-D1 activity in muscle; and higher 5′-D2 activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT), heart, and testis, which are in accordance with hypothyroidism. Although deiodinase activities were not changed in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid of NIC offspring, UCP1 expression was lower in BAT. Levels of both TRH and TSH were lower in offspring exposed to NIC, which presented higher basalin vitroTSH secretion, which was not increased in response to TRH. Thus, the hypothyroidism in NIC offspring at adulthood was caused, in part, byin vivoTRH–TSH suppression and lower sensitivity to TRH. Despite the hypothyroid status of peripheral tissues, these animals seem to develop an adaptive mechanism to preserve thyroxine to triiodothyronine conversion in central tissues.

In this note, we discuss the definition of the S1-convexity Phenomenon. We first make use of some results we have attained for in the past, such as those contained in [1], to refine the definition of the phenomenon. We then observe that easy counter-examples to the claim extends K0 are found. Finally, we make use of one theorem from [2] and a new theorem that appears to be a supplement to that one to infer that does not properly extend K0 in both its original and its revised version.

Taxonomic notes and the description of a new species of Episcepsis are provided. The synonymization of Episcepsis aelia Schaus, 1889, from Mexico, under E. venata Butler, 1877, from the Brazilian Amazons, is revised. Genital morphology of males and females has shown the validity of E. aelia revis. stat. Additionally, the discovery of specimens from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest externally indistinguishable from both E. venata and E. aelia has led to the description of E. atlantica sp. nov. Finally, the following new combinations in Episcepsis are proposed: E. fumata (Rothschild), comb. nov., and E. coeruleocephala (Rothschild), comb. nov.

BACKGROUND Carbohydrates (CHO) are among the most investigated nutritional ergogenic aids, and may be consumed in different forms, e.g., mouth rinse with carbohydrate solution (MRCS). In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MRCS on the performance of physically active individuals undergoing a physical exercise session carried out until the volitional exhaustion. METHODS This is a counter-balanced randomized study, with a double-blind design. The sample consisted of twenty-one physically active healthy men with a mean (±SD) of age of 22.4 (±2.7) years old, 76.7 (±6.0) cm of height,12.1% (±3.7) of body fat mass, and 23.9 (±2.4) kg/m2 of body mass index. After familiarizing the participants with the protocol (cycle ergometer, with oral mouth rinse procedure) and assessing the maximal lactate steady state the cycling exercise was performed until the volitional exhaustion in the following conditions: without mouth rinse (CONTROL), PLACEBO and MRCS. RESULTS Time to reach exhaustion was statistically different (P

We have identified serious problems involving transliteration and phonemic teaching, and we then suggest that we do not make use of the IPA or transliteration when teaching English. We present a draft of a method that makes use of our ears and knowledge instead.

The types of Ctenuchina and Euchromiina that were described by E. Menetries, deposited at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg, are catalogued. All but one of the types are of names described from Brazil and collected during the Langsdorff expedition; the only non-Brazilian type was collected in California, USA. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: Laemocharis fasciatella, Charidea fastuosa, L. fulviventris, L. metallescens, L. ornata, Glaucopis rubroscapus, G. vidua vidua and G. vidua spiracula. The following new combinations are proposed: Poecilosoma fasciatella, stat. rev., Aethria ornata, and Xanthyda metallescens. Comments on each name are provided, as well as information on their current taxonomic status, illustrations of type specimens, and information about their conservation status.

Maternal exposure to nicotine during lactation causes hyperleptinemia in the pups and, at adulthood, these animals are overweight and hyperleptinemic, while, in their hypothalamus, the leptin signaling pathway is reduced, evidencing a central leptin resistance. Then, we evaluated the expression of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and others in different hypothalamic nuclei in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying the obese phenotype observed in these animals at adulthood. On the 2nd postnatal day (P2), dams were subcutaneously implanted with osmotic minipumps releasing nicotine (NIC-6 mg/kg/day) or saline for 14 days. Offspring were killed in P180 and immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were carried out. Significance data had p

This paper investigates, experimentally and numerically, the shear velocity distribution along a single transverse dune and along two closely spaced dunes, analyzing the flow effects of one dune upon the other. The paper focuses on two-dimensional models simulating transverse sand dunes. The shape of the two pile geometries studied is described by sinusoidal curves, one having a maximum slope of $$32^{\circ }$$ and the other $$27.6^{\circ }$$ , with leeward flow separation. The tests were carried out for two undisturbed wind speeds and the experimental data obtained through wind-tunnel modeling encompass flow visualization and shear-velocity results. A generally good agreement is observed between the experimental measurements and computational results. From the inquiry between shear velocity distributions and published eroded contours for the same geometries, it appears the Bagnold’s approach is insufficient in the prediction of threshold conditions in wake flows formed in the dune’s leeward side.

Brain accumulation of soluble oligomers of the amyloid-β peptide (AβOs) is increasingly considered a key early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A variety of AβO species have been identified, both in vitro and in vivo, ranging from dimers to 24mers and higher order oligomers. However, there is no consensus in the literature regarding which AβO species are most germane to AD pathogenesis. Antibodies capable of specifically recognizing defined subpopulations of AβOs would be a valuable asset in the identification, isolation, and characterization of AD-relevant AβO species. Here, we report the characterization of a human single chain antibody fragment (scFv) denoted NUsc1, one of a number of scFvs we have identified that stringently distinguish AβOs from both monomeric and fibrillar Aβ. NUsc1 readily detected AβOs previously bound to dendrites in cultured hippocampal neurons. In addition, NUsc1 blocked AβO binding and reduced AβO-induced neuronal oxidative stress and tau hyperphosphorylation in cultured neurons. NUsc1 further distinguished brain extracts from AD-transgenic mice from wild type (WT) mice, and detected endogenous AβOs in fixed AD brain tissue and AD brain extracts. Biochemical analyses indicated that NUsc1 targets a subpopulation of AβOs with apparent molecular mass greater than 50 kDa. Results indicate that NUsc1 targets a particular AβO species relevant to AD pathogenesis, and suggest that NUsc1 may constitute an effective tool for AD diagnostics and therapeutics.

Mosquitoes are important vectors of several pathogens and thereby contribute to the spread of diseases, with social, economic and public health impacts. Amongst the approximately 450 species of Anopheles, about 60 are recognized as vectors of human malaria, the most important parasitic disease. In Africa, Anopheles gambiae is the main malaria vector mosquito. Current malaria control strategies are largely focused on drugs and vector control measures such as insecticides and bed-nets. Improvement of current, and the development of new, mosquito-targeted malaria control methods rely on a better understanding of mosquito vector biology. An organism's transcriptome is a reflection of its physiological state and transcriptomic analyses of different conditions that are relevant to mosquito vector competence can therefore yield important information. Transcriptomic analyses have contributed significant information on processes such as blood-feeding parasite-vector interaction, insecticide resistance, and tissue- and stage-specific gene regulation, thereby facilitating the path towards the development of new malaria control methods. Here, we discuss the main applications of transcriptomic analyses in An. gambiae that have led to a better understanding of mosquito vector competence.

Malaria is caused by mosquito-borne Plasmodium spp. parasites that must infect and survive within mosquito salivary glands (SGs) prior to host transmission. Recent advances in transcriptomics and the complete genome sequencing of mosquito vectors have increased our knowledge of the SG genes and proteins involved in pathogen infection and transmission. Membrane solute carriers are key proteins involved in drug transport and are useful in the development of new interventions for transmission blocking. Herein, we applied transcriptomics analysis to compare SGs mRNA levels in Anopheles stephensi fed on non-infected and P. berghei-infected mice. The A. stephensi solute carriers prestinA and NDAE1 were up-regulated in response to infection. These molecules are predicted to interact with each other, and are reportedly involved in the maintenance of cell homeostasis. To further evaluate their functions in mosquito survival and parasite infection, these genes were knocked down by RNA interference. Knockdown of prestinA and NDAE1 resulted in reduction of the number of sporozoites in mosquito SGs. Moreover, NDAE1 knockdown strongly impacted mosquito survival, resulting in the death of half of the treated mosquitoes. Overall, our findings indicate the importance of prestinA and NDAE1 in interactions between mosquito SGs and Plasmodium, and suggest the need for further research., Tis work was partially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - Global Health and Tropical Medicine (FCT-GHTM) [UID/Multi/04413/2013].

Non-pharmacological early weaning (NPEW) leads offspring to obesity, higher liver oxidative stress and microsteatosis in adulthood. Pharmacological EW (PEW) by maternal treatment with bromocriptine (BRO) causes obesity in the adult progeny but precludes hepatic injury. To test the hypothesis that BRO prevents the deleterious changes of NPEW, we injected BRO into the pups from the NPEW model on late lactation. Lactating rats were divided into 2 groups: dams with an adhesive bandage around the body to prevent breastfeeding on the last 3 days of lactation and dams whose pups had free suckling (C). Offspring from both groups were subdivided into 2 groups: pups treated with BRO (ip 4 mg/kg/day) on the last 3 days of lactation (NPEW/BRO and C/BRO) or pups treated with the vehicle (NPEW and C). At PN120, offspring were challenged with a high fat diet (HFD), and food intake was recorded after 30 min and 12 h. Rats were euthanized at PN120 and PN200. At PN120, adipocyte size was greater in the NPEW group but was normal in the NPEW/BRO group. At PN200, the NPEW group presented hyperphagia, higher adiposity, adipocyte hypertrophy, hyperleptinemia, glucose intolerance and increased hepatic triglycerides. These parameters were normalized in the NPEW/BRO group. In the feeding test, BRO groups showed lower HFD intake at 30 min than did their controls; however, at 12 h, the NPEW group ate more HFD. The treatment with BRO can preclude some deleterious effects of the NPEW model, which prevented the development of overweight and its comorbidities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Interferon α‑2b (IFN α‑2b) is an established and well-tolerated treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).Report of complications in two patients with OSSN and rheumatoid arthritis treated with adjuvant topical IFN α‑2b.One patient developed a scleral melt and the other one severe keratitis. After discontinuing treatment with IFN α‑2b both patients showed considerable improvement.Immunosuppressed patients with OSSN under topical IFN α‑2b should be closely monitored for early detection of complications.

Cerebral palsy is a severe condition usually caused by decreased brain oxygenation during pregnancy, at birth or soon after birth. Conventional treatments for cerebral palsy are often tiresome and expensive, leading patients to quit treatment. In this paper, we describe a virtual environment for patients to engage in a playful therapeutic game for neuropsychomotor rehabilitation, based on the experience of the occupational therapy program of the Nucleus for Integrated Medical Assistance (NAMI) at the University of Fortaleza, Brazil. Integration between patient and virtual environment occurs through the hand motion sensor “Leap Motion,” plus the electroencephalographic sensor “MindWave,” responsible for measuring attention levels during task execution. To evaluate the virtual environment, eight clinical experts on cerebral palsy were subjected to a questionnaire regarding the potential of the experimental virtual environment to promote cognitive and motor rehabilitation, as well as the potential of the treatment to enhance risks and/or negatively influence the patient’s development. Based on the very positive appraisal of the experts, we propose that the experimental virtual environment is a promising alternative tool for the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is a severe condition usually caused by decreased brain oxygenation during pregnancy, at birth or soon after birth. Conventional treatments for cerebral palsy are often tiresome and expensive, leading patients to quit treatment. In this paper, we describe a virtual environment for patients to engage in a playful therapeutic game for neuropsychomotor rehabilitation, based on the experience of the occupational therapy program of the Nucleus for Integrated Medical Assistance (NAMI) at the University of Fortaleza, Brazil. Integration between patient and virtual environment occurs through the hand motion sensor “Leap Motion,” plus the electroencephalographic sensor “MindWave,” responsible for measuring attention levels during task execution. To evaluate the virtual environment, eight clinical experts on cerebral palsy were subjected to a questionnaire regarding the potential of the experimental virtual environment to promote cognitive and motor rehabilitation, as well as the potential of the treatment to enhance risks and/or negatively influence the patient’s development. Based on the very positive appraisal of the experts, we propose that the experimental virtual environment is a promising alternative tool for the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:44:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1808-16572012000400006.pdf: 279652 bytes, checksum: 8f2bb95ab7fa262bfc622fcfc7685599 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:44:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1808-16572012000400006.pdf: 279652 bytes, checksum: 8f2bb95ab7fa262bfc622fcfc7685599 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:32:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1808-16572012000400006.pdf: 279652 bytes, checksum: 8f2bb95ab7fa262bfc622fcfc7685599 (MD5) S1808-16572012000400006.pdf.txt: 35128 bytes, checksum: 213c5ae33ee7023a1493c8ad987d8c39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:08:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1808-16572012000400006.pdf: 279652 bytes, checksum: 8f2bb95ab7fa262bfc622fcfc7685599 (MD5) S1808-16572012000400006.pdf.txt: 35128 bytes, checksum: 213c5ae33ee7023a1493c8ad987d8c39 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:08:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1808-16572012000400006.pdf: 279652 bytes, checksum: 8f2bb95ab7fa262bfc622fcfc7685599 (MD5) S1808-16572012000400006.pdf.txt: 35128 bytes, checksum: 213c5ae33ee7023a1493c8ad987d8c39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 Objetivou-se estudar a influência da artrite encefalite caprina no hemograma de cabras durante a lactação. Para tanto, 38 matrizes F1 Anglo-Nubiana x Saanen, com idade entre 14 e 38 meses e escore corporal entre dois e três, foram previamente testadas por IDGA e Western Blot para a divisão em grupo soropositivo (n = 19) e soronegativo (n = 19). Os grupos foram mantidos em piquetes distintos, sem contato físico, recebendo o mesmo manejo nutricional e sanitário. O sangue foi coletado por venipunção da jugular, mensalmente, desde o parto até o fim da lactação. Foram determinados os valores do eritrograma e do leucograma. em dados momentos, os soropositivos apresentaram alterações morfológicas nas hemácias, com diminuição significativa do VCM, aumento significativo do HCM e CHCM. Não houve diferença significativa entre grupos na contagem de hemácias e volume globular. Os valores absolutos de monócitos e eosinófilos dos soropositivos, em algumas ocasiões, encontraram-se significativamente superiores aos dos soronegativos e acima da faixa de normalidade para a espécie caprina. The objective was to study the influence of caprine arthritis encephalitis in the blood count of goats during lactation. To this end, 38 F1 Anglo-Nubian x Saanen reproductive female goats, aged 14 to 38 months and body condition score between 2 and 3, were first tested by AGID and Western Blot, and divided into either a seropositive group (n = 19) or a seronegative group (n = 19). The groups were kept in separate paddocks, without physical contact, receiving the same nutritional and health management. The blood of these animals was collected by jugular venipuncture, monthly, from the partum period until the end of lactation, and their erythrogram and leukogram values were determined. At given moments, the seropositive animals showed morphological changes in red blood cells, with significant decrease in MCV, coupled with a significant increase of MCH and MCHC. There was no significant difference between the groups in the values of red blood cells and packed cell volume. The absolute values of monocytes and eosinophils of the seropositive animals, at certain moments, were significantly higher than the seronegative ones and above the normal range for goats. Universidade Estadual do Ceará Laboratório de Virologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Caprinos e Ovinos Departamento de Sanidade Animal Laboratório de Patologia Clínica e de Virologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

Rats that are overfed during lactation exhibit neonatal hyperleptinemia and higher visceral adiposity, hypertension, higher liver oxidative stress and insulin resistance in the liver as adults. Previously, we demonstrated that neonatal hyperleptinemia is associated with adrenal medullary hyperfunction, hypertension and liver steatosis in adulthood. Therefore, we hypothesised that adrenal and liver functions are altered in adult obese rats that were overfed during lactation, which would underlie their hypertension and liver alterations. The litter size was reduced from ten to three male pups on the third day of lactation until weaning (SL) to induce early overfeeding in Wistar rats. The control group had ten rats per litter (NL). Rats had free access to standard diet, and water after weaning until the rats were 180 days old. The SL group exhibited higher adrenal catecholamine content (absolute: +35% and relative: +40%), tyrosine hydroxylase (+31%) and DOPA decarboxylase (+90%) protein contents and basal catecholamine secretion in vitro (+57%). However, the hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis were unchanged. β3-adrenergic receptor content in visceral adipose tissue was unchanged in SL rats, but the β2-adrenergic receptor content in the liver was lower in this group (−45%). The SL group exhibited higher glycogen and triglycerides contents in the liver (+79 and +49%, respectively), which suggested microesteatosis. Neonatal overfeeding led to higher adrenomedullary function, but the liver β2-adrenergic receptor content was reduced. These results may contribute to the hepatic dysfunction characteristic of liver obesity complications.

Early weaning is associated with changes in the developmental plasticity. Here, we studied the adipocytes morphology, adipokines expression or content in adipose tissue as well as adrenal and thyroid function of neonate and adult offspring primed by early weaning. After birth, lactating rats were divided into 2 groups: EW (early weaning) – dams were wrapped with a bandage to block access to milk during the last 3 days of lactation, and Control – dams whose pups had free access to milk throughout lactation (21 days). At postnatal day (PN) 21, EW pups had lower visceral and subcutaneous adipocyte area ( − 67.7% and − 62%, respectively), body fat mass ( − 26%), and leptin expression in visceral adipocyte ( − 64%) but higher leptin expression in subcutaneous adipocyte (2.9-fold increase). Adrenal evaluations were normal, but neonate EW pups presented lower serum T3 ( − 55%) and TSH ( − 44%). At PN 180, EW offspring showed higher food intake, higher body fat mass (+21.6%), visceral and subcutaneous adipocyte area (both 3-fold increase), higher leptin (+95%) and ADRβ3 (2-fold increase) content in visceral adipose tissue, and higher adiponectin expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (+47%) but lower in visceral adipose tissue ( − 40%). Adult EW offspring presented higher adrenal catecholamine content (+31%), but no changes in serum corticosterone or thyroid status. Thus, early weaning primed for hypothyroidism at weaning, which can be associated with the adipocyte hypertrophy at adulthood. The marked changes in catecholamine adrenal content and visceral adipocyte ADRB3 are generally found in obesity, contributing to the development of other cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances.

Previously, we have shown that maternal smoke exposure during lactation, even when pups are not exposed, affects biochemical profiles in the offspring at weaning, eliciting lower body adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, hypocorticosteronemia and lower adrenal catecholamine content. However, the future impact of tobacco exposure is still unknown. As postnatal nicotine exposure causes short- and long-term effects on pups' biochemistry and endocrine profiles, we have now evaluated some endocrine and metabolic parameters of the adult offspring whose mothers were tobacco exposed during lactation. For this, from day 3 to 21 of lactation, rat dams were divided in: 1) SE group, cigarette smoke-exposed (1.7 mg nicotine/cigarettes for 1 h, 4 times/day, daily), without their pups, and 2) C group, exposed to air, in the same conditions. Offspring were killed at 180-days-old. Body weight and food intake were evaluated. Blood, white adipose tissue, adrenal, and liver were collected. All significant data were p0.05. The adult SE offspring showed no change in body weight, cumulative food intake, serum hormone profile, serum lipid profile, or triglycerides content in liver. However, in adrenal gland, adult SE offspring showed lower catecholamine content ( - 50%) and lower tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression ( - 56%). Despite the hormonal alterations during lactation, tobacco smoke exposure through breast milk only programmed the adrenal medullary function at adulthood and this dysfunction can have consequence on stress response. Thus, an environment free of smoke during lactation period is essential to improve health outcomes in adult offspring.

This study describes the fungistatic effect of xanthoxyline (CAS 90-24-4) and its derivatives against a panel of yeasts, filamentous fungi and dermatophytes, by using the agar dilution method. Results indicated that simple structural modifications led to more potent derivatives, especially in relation with dermatophytes. The most active compound tested (10), which is a benzenesulphonyl derivative, was 12-fold more potent than xanthoxyline itself against Trichophyton rubrum. The evaluation of the mode of action with the whole cell Neurospora crassa assay, suggested that some selected compounds may be acting by the inhibition of fungal cell-wall polymers synthesis or assembly.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o manejo sanitário e descrever as características da ovinocaprinocultura na microrregião homogênea (MRH) de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Foram investigadas 45 propriedades capriovinícolas, distribuídas em 14 municípios. O número médio de animais foi de 129 e 121 nos rebanhos caprinos e ovinos, respectivamente. Os animais utilizados na formação dos rebanhos base tiveram como origem os estados da Bahia, Pernambuco e Ceará. Animais SPRD (45,8%) e da raça Santa Inês (35,4%) são os mais encontrados entre os ovinos e na espécie caprina animais SPRD (55,3%) e animais da raça Anglo-Nubiana (28,6%). O estudo demostrou que 42,2% propriedades pesquisadas exploravam bovinos e caprinos e/ou ovinos. O sistema de criação extensivo foi adotado em 71,1% dos criatórios. As práticas sanitárias adotadas com maior frequência foram descarte de agulhas após o uso, isolamento de animais doentes e corte e desinfecção do umbigo. A desverminação foi a prática utilizada no controle de verminoses por 100,0% dos produtores. A vacinação foi adotada em 48,8% dos rebanhos. As alterações clínicas mais citadas foram linfadenite caseosa (64,4%), pododermatite (62,2%) e diarreia (60,0%). Portanto, a ovinocaprinocultura na MRH de Teresina é praticada, em sua grande maioria, de forma extensiva e que, apesar de contar com instalações razoáveis, ainda apresenta deficiências quanto à utilização de práticas de manejo sanitário, o que acaba impossibilitando a prevenção e o controle de doenças, principalmente as de origem infecciosas e parasitárias.

Maternal nicotine exposure leads to neonatal hypothyroidism that can be returned to euthyroidism after nicotine withdrawal. Here, we examined the transfer of iodine through milk, deiodinase activities (D1 and D2), and serum T3, T4 and TSH in rat offspring after maternal exposure to nicotine. One day after birth, a minipump was implanted to dams releasing nicotine (NIC), 6 mg/kg/day for 13 days or vehicle saline. Animals were killed at the day 15 and 21 of lactation. At day 15, NIC-treated dams showed decreased T4 and mammary 2h-radioiodine uptake (RAIU) and increase of TSH, thyroid 2h-RAIU, liver D1 and mammary D2. At the cessation of NIC-exposure, pups displayed decreased T3, T4 and thyroid 2h-RAIU and increased TSH. At weaning (21-postnatal day), NIC-treated dams recovered their T4 and TSH, but increased deiodinase level in the liver and mammary gland. Milk T3 content in NIC-treated dams was higher at both day 15 and 21, and thyroid function was recovered at the day 21. Thus, thyroid function was affected by nicotine in both mothers and pups, suggesting a primary hypothyroidism. After nicotine withdrawal, pups recovered thyroid function probably due to the increased lactational transfer of T3 in relation with increased mammary gland deiodinase activities.

Egg and pupa of Lobeza dentilinea Schaus, 1901 are described and illustrated for the first time. Eggs are smooth, dome-shaped, and greenish at oviposition. Last instar larvae have an aposematic coloration and the chaetotaxy is very similar to other notodontines, except for the number of lateral setae: L. dentilinea has three instead of four lateral setae on abdominal segments A3-A6. Pupae are light brown and typical of the family, with the last abdominal segments broadly round. Evidence from the adult morphology supporting the placement of the genus in Notodontinae includes proboscis smaller than the length of the head, epiphysis with more than half the length of tibia, tarsal claws simple, and labial palpi short. Male and female are confidently associated, and a redescription of the species is presented based on both sexes. Larvae of L. dentilinea are here recorded feeding on a Melastomataceae.

RESUMO Inibidores da enzima transcriptase reversa e da protease foram avaliados quanto ao seu efeito inibitório na replicação do Vírus da Artrite Encefalite Caprina (CAEV) cepa CAEV Cork e do vírus Maedi-Visna (MVV) cepa K1514 cultivados em células fibroblásticas de caprinos. Os fármacos utilizados foram: lamivudina, didanosina, estavudina, zidovudina, efavirenz, atazanavir e lopinavir/ritonavir. A maior concentração utilizada para lamivudina, estavudina, zidovudina e efavirenz foi 500 ?M, para atazanavir foi 50 ?M e 5,0 ?M para lopinavir/r e didanosina. A atividade antiviral in vitro foi pesquisada por meio da avaliação da viabilidade celular através da redução do MTT e pela pesquisa de inibição dos efeitos citopáticos (CPE) dos vírus. A replicação dos vírus só não foi completamente bloqueada pelos inibidores de protease (IP) atazanavir e lopinavir/r enquanto os demais apresentaram eficácia antiviral significativa em diferentes concentrações. Os IP juntamente com o efavirenz, não mostraram atividade antiviral quando foram avaliados pela técnica de redução do MTT. Esses dados indicam que os fármacos inibidores da transcriptase reversa lamivudina, didanosina, estavudina e zidovudina são eficazes na inibição in vitro dos lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes.

p.149-154 Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-07-23T11:15:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tais S. Sena.pdf: 993661 bytes, checksum: fd25f4b7e6e718514b281fc4cbf8c159 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Flávia Ferreira(flaviaccf@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-07-31T19:42:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tais S. Sena.pdf: 993661 bytes, checksum: fd25f4b7e6e718514b281fc4cbf8c159 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-31T19:42:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tais S. Sena.pdf: 993661 bytes, checksum: fd25f4b7e6e718514b281fc4cbf8c159 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 As cardiopatias congênitas apresentam elevada prevalência no Brasil, sendo responsáveis por morbi-mortalidade importante, principalmente em menores de 5 anos de idade. Relacionam-se a um perfil complexo de alterações hemostáticas, predispondo tanto a eventos trombóticos como hemorrágicos, e cujo conhecimento é fundamental para o manejo adequado de cada paciente. O presente artigo objetiva descrever as alterações da coagulação relacionadas às cardiopatias congênitas, cianogênicas ou não, em menores de 18 anos de idade, submetidos ou não a procedimentos cirúrgicos.

As cardiopatias congênitas apresentam elevada prevalência no Brasil, sendo responsáveis por morbi-mortalidade importante, principalmente em menores de 5 anos de idade. Relacionam-se a um perfil complexo de alterações hemostáticas, predispondo tanto a eventos trombóticos como hemorrágicos, e cujo conhecimento é fundamental para o manejo adequado de cada paciente. O presente artigo objetiva descrever as alterações da coagulação relacionadas às cardiopatias congênitas, cianogênicas ou não, em menores de 18 anos de idade, submetidos ou não a procedimentos cirúrgicos.There is a high prevalence of congenital heart diseases in Brazil, which are responsible for high morbidity and mortality, mainly in under 5-year-old children. They are related to a complex profile of hemostatic disorders that lead to thrombotic and hemorrhagic events. Thus knowledge of the diseases is imperative for the adequate management of each patient. The objective of this article is to describe coagulation abnormalities related to congenital cyanotic and non-cyanotic heart diseases, in children, undergoing surgical procedures or not.