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Introdução: Visconde de Mauá situa-se em um trecho de Floresta Atlântica montana, com poucos estudos sobre sua biodiversidade. As práticas tradicionais e culturais de comunidades de montanha estão em seu processo inicial de estudos. Objetivo: O trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o levantamento das características etnológicas de especialistas em plantas medicinais na comunidade de Visconde de Mauá, observando como vem sendo dada a transmissão desse conhecimento. Método: Foram entrevistados 13 especialistas locais, entre “erveiros”, “mateiros”, “benzedeiros”, “curandeiras” e pequenos produtores, entre os anos de 2008 e 2010. Entre estes, 9 eram mulheres, principais mantenedoras dos cultivos de “exóticas” em quintais, enquanto os homens buscavam a caminhadas,em zonas ecológicas distintas, como brejos, campos de altitude, mata de beira de rio e floresta climáxica, preferencialmente as plantas medicinais nativas. A maioria (10) possui mais do que 50 anos, oito sendo analfabetos ou com estudo até o primário incompleto. Resultados: O aumento do acesso à educação formal parece estar negativamente correlacionado com o conhecimento empírico sobre plantas medicinais. Todos relataram a forma oral de recebimento e transmissão do saber sobre as plantas como a principal. Desses, 11 estavam envolvidos em atividades de baixa renda, na maioria das vezes, relacionadas às atividades turísticas locais como “roça”, “faxina”, “limpeza” e “obra”. Os baixos recursos financeiros podem estimular esses “medicamentos de graça”, entretanto, a prática dessas profissões afasta esses conhecedores da “lida com a terra”, além de mudar o uso e ocupação do solo, com menos plantios na região. A caracterização etnológica dos informantes-chave, no contexto histórico da região, caracteriza esse grupo como um resquício da população tradicional nativa local ou descendentes diretos desta. Encontram-se ligados à preservação de valores e culturas tradicionais sobre as plantas, podendo guardar saberes de diferentes etnias, ao longo das gerações. O maior fator de ameaça ao conhecimento e existência de plantas medicinais em regiões tropicais aparenta ser as mudanças culturais, especialmente influenciadas pelo processo de globalização. Parece haver pouco ou nenhum interesse entre os membros jovens das comunidades tradicionais em assimilar e transmitir o conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais das gerações passadas. Conclusão: A ligação cognitiva com a natureza sustentada por habitantes tradicionais e suas tradições orais talvez estejam em maior risco de extinção do que a flora medicinal.

El nacimiento en España de los seguros sociales, fue uno de los frutos de la eclosión, en el tránsito del siglo XIX al XX, de un movimiento de reforma social, cuyos resultados, en el plano jurídico, serán la aparición de un conjunto de leyes protectoras de los trabajadores, las unas de tipo laboral, las otras de previsión, constitutivas de las bases del Derecho del Trabajo.

RESUMEN: En este trabajo se estudia un pequeño lote de piezas óseas inéditas pertenecientes a tres yacimientos clásicos de la Cornisa Cantábrica y que actualmente se encuentran formando parte de la colección del Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología en la Universidad de Santiago. Se analizan los tipos y elementos decorativos para su contextualización en el Paleolítico superior del Cantábrico.RÉSUMÉ: Un petit lot de pièces appartenant aux outillajes osseux de plussieurs gisements de la Région Cantabrique, actuellement localisées au Département de Préhistoire et d'Archéologie à l'Université de Santiago de Compostela, sont l'objet, pour la première fois, des comptes rendus sur leurs origins, aspects techniques et clasification culturelle.

RESUMEN: El pasado mes de julio de 2001, iniciamos el trabajo de inventariado y catalogación de los materiales arqueológicos donados por don Pedro Díaz al Ayuntamiento de Vigo. En este trabajo se pretende dar cuenta de los resultados del mismo. Para ello nos centraremos más en el aspecto de la caracterización de estos materiales y la evaluación del interés científico de los mismos, tras el análisis detallado de sus características tecno-tipológicas y la contextualización regional. El lote donado es de composición heterogénea, centrándose ahora nuestro interés en los materiales líticos tallados. El conjunto muestra una procedencia geográfica correspondiente a una amplia zona del SO gallego y NO portugués, centrada en la franja costera y tierras interiores del tramo final del río Mifio.RÉSUMÉ: D'après l'étude de la collection des matériaux préhistoriques récoltés au long du litoral du Nord du Portugal-Sud de la Galice et sur les terres à l'intérieur du bassin du Miño, dans une position de plain aire, on va faire l'exposition des caractéristiques tecno-tipologiques des matériaux taillés, de la problématique de l'interprétation mais aussi des certaines données d'intérêt scientifique.

RESUMEN: Se plantea la secuencia cultural documentada en Galicia acerca del Paleolítico Superior y Epipaleolítico, a partir de las informaciones obtenidas sobre suelos, paleoambiente, industrias, materias primas, etc. Una vez obtenida la secuencia organizada de los yacimientos aquí estudiados, se buscará la contextualización en una zona geográfica más amplia.ABSTRACT: The Upper Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic cultural sequence in Galicia is established from the information of different open-sites about soils, industries, raw materials, etc. Once the organized sequence is obtained, a relationship in a wider geographical area is tried to find.

The sense of smell plays a crucial role in mammalian social and sexual behaviour, identification of food, and detection of predators. Nevertheless, mammals vary in their olfactory ability. One reason for this concerns the degree of development of their pars basalis rhinencephali, an anatomical feature that has has been considered in classifying this group of animals as macrosmatic, microsmatic or anosmatic. In mammals, different structures are involved in detecting odours: the main olfactory system, the vomeronasal system (VNS), and two subsystems, namely the ganglion of Grüneberg and the septal organ. Here, we review and summarise some aspects of the comparative anatomy of the VNS and its putative relationship to other olfactory structures. Even in the macrosmatic group, morphological diversity is an important characteristic of the VNS, specifically of the vomeronasal organ and the accessory olfactory bulb. We conclude that it is a big mistake to extrapolate anatomical data of the VNS from species to species, even in the case of relatively close evolutionary proximity between them. We propose to study other mammalian VNS than those of rodents in depth as a way to clarify its exact role in olfaction. Our experience in this field leads us to hypothesise that the VNS, considered for all mammalian species, could be a system undergoing involution or regression, and could serve as one more integrated olfactory subsystem.

The kings of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty (1516-1700) frequently married close relatives in such a way that uncle-niece, first cousins and other consanguineous unions were prevalent in that dynasty. In the historical literature, it has been suggested that inbreeding was a major cause responsible for the extinction of the dynasty when the king Charles II, physically and mentally disabled, died in 1700 and no children were born from his two marriages, but this hypothesis has not been examined from a genetic perspective. In this article, this hypothesis is checked by computing the inbreeding coefficient (F) of the Spanish Habsburg kings from an extended pedigree up to 16 generations in depth and involving more than 3,000 individuals. The inbreeding coefficient of the Spanish Habsburg kings increased strongly along generations from 0.025 for king Philip I, the founder of the dynasty, to 0.254 for Charles II and several members of the dynasty had inbreeding coefficients higher than 0.20. In addition to inbreeding due to unions between close relatives, ancestral inbreeding from multiple remote ancestors makes a substantial contribution to the inbreeding coefficient of most kings. A statistically significant inbreeding depression for survival to 10 years is detected in the progenies of the Spanish Habsburg kings. The results indicate that inbreeding at the level of first cousin (F = 0.0625) exerted an adverse effect on survival of 17.8%+/-12.3. It is speculated that the simultaneous occurrence in Charles II (F = 0.254) of two different genetic disorders: combined pituitary hormone deficiency and distal renal tubular acidosis, determined by recessive alleles at two unlinked loci, could explain most of the complex clinical profile of this king, including his impotence/infertility which in last instance led to the extinction of the dynasty.

S10-spc-alpha is a 17.5 kb cluster of 32 genes encoding ribosomal proteins. This locus has an unusual composition and organization in Leptospira interrogans. We demonstrate the highly conserved nature of this region among diverse Leptospira and show its utility as a phylogenetically informative region. Comparative analyses were performed by PCR using primer sets covering the whole locus. Correctly sized fragments were obtained by PCR from all L. interrogans strains tested for each primer set indicating that this locus is well conserved in this species. Few differences were detected in amplification profiles between different pathogenic species, indicating that the S10-spc-alpha locus is conserved among pathogenic Leptospira. In contrast, PCR analysis of this locus using DNA from saprophytic Leptospira species and species with an intermediate pathogenic capacity generated varied results. Sequence alignment of the S10-spc-alpha locus from two pathogenic species, L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii, with the corresponding locus from the saprophyte L. biflexa serovar Patoc showed that genetic organization of this locus is well conserved within Leptospira. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of four conserved regions resulted in the construction of well-defined phylogenetic trees that help resolve questions about the interrelationships of pathogenic Leptospira. Based on the results of secY sequence analysis, we found that reliable species identification of pathogenic Leptospira is possible by comparative analysis of a 245 bp region commonly used as a target for diagnostic PCR for leptospirosis. Comparative analysis of Leptospira strains revealed that strain H6 previously classified as L. inadai actually belongs to the pathogenic species L. interrogans and that L. meyeri strain ICF phylogenetically co-localized with the pathogenic clusters. These findings demonstrate that the S10-spc-alpha locus is highly conserved throughout the genus and may be more useful in comparing evolution of the genus than loci studied previously.

Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial de utilização do farelo de coco em rações para a tilápia-do-nilo através do ganho de peso e de sua digestibilidade aparente. Esse subproduto foi avaliado em um experimento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. As rações foram formuladas de forma a apresentarem-se isoprotéicas (28% PB) e isoenergéticas (3060 kcal/ED/kg de ração), com a inclusão de 0, 10, 20 e 30% de farelo de coco. Foram utilizados sessenta e quatro alevinos com peso inicial de 0,75 gramas, os quais foram distribuídos em 16 aquários com capacidade de 80 litros cada, confeccionados em fibra de vidro, com sistema de renovação de água (0,2 litros/min), aeração e aquecimento (26,0ºC). A análise estatística revelou diferença estatística (p < 0,01) entre os tratamentos. Concluiu-se que o farelo de coco pode ser empregado em níveis de 30% da ração para a tilápia-do-nilo. Obteve-se, para o farelo de coco, uma energia digestível de 3525 kcal ED/kg e uma disponibilidade para o fósforo de 19,97% e, coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente de 60,53% para a fração matéria seca, 86,78% para proteína bruta, 94,64% para extrato etéreo e 82,47% para matéria mineral.

Este experimento teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do tanino de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron obovatum) adicionado a rações completas para peixes. Avaliou-se a digestibilidade aparente das frações matéria seca, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo em juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Usaram-se 80 peixes distribuídos em cinco grupos (16 peixes/aquário), os quais receberam rações contendo 0,00%; 0,21%; 0,42%; 0,63% e 0,84% de taninos totais, a partir do extrato de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron obovatum). Após um período de aclimação de três dias, foram colhidas amostras representativas das fezes produzidas diariamente até completar cinco repetições por cada grupo. A partir das análises químicas dos alimentos e das fezes, e utilizando óxido de crômio como marcador inerte, foram calculados os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo. Através dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que, para tilápia-do-nilo na fase juvenil, a presença de até 0,42% de tanino não prejudica significativamente a digestibilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo, e que níveis iguais ou superiores a 0,63% de tanino têm efeito deletério altamente significativo sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes analisados.

The systematic study of the human genome indicates that the inter-individual variability is greater than expected and it is not only related to sequence polymorphisms but also to gene copy number variants (CNVs). Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is the most common autosomal recessive disorder with a carrier frequency of 1:25 to 1:10. The gene that encodes 21-hydroxylase enzyme, CYP21A2, is considered to be one of the most polymorphic human genes. Copy number variations, such as deletions, which are severe mutations common in 21OHD patients, or gene duplications, which have been reported as rare events, have also been described. The correct characterization of 21OHD alleles is important for disease carrier detection and genetic counsellingCYP21A2 genotyping by sequencing has been performed in a random sample of the Spanish population, where 144 individuals recruited from university students and employees of the hospital were studied. The frequency of CYP21A2 mutated alleles in our sample was 15.3% (77.3% were mild mutations, 9% were severe mutations and 13.6% were novel variants). Gene dosage assessment was also performed when CYP21A2 gene duplication was suspected. This analysis showed that 7% of individuals bore a chromosome with a duplicated CYP21A2 gene, where one of the copies was mutated.As far as we know, the present study has shown the highest frequency of 21OHD carriers reported by a genotyping analysis. In addition, a high frequency of alleles with CYP21A2 duplications, which could be misinterpreted as 21OHD alleles, was found. Moreover, a high frequency of novel genetic variations with an unknown effect on 21-hydroxylase activity was also found. The high frequency of gene duplications, as well as novel variations, should be considered since they have an important involvement in carrier testing and genetic counseling.

Este estudo foi realizado no Laboratório de Pesquisas em Nutrição de Organismos Aquáticos, da FMVZ - Unesp Campus de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, unidade integrada ao Centro de Aquicultura da Unesp. Teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do diâmetro do ingrediente alimentar (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5 mm), por meio da digestibilidade aparente de rações pela tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus L. (Perciformes cichlidae), e pelo pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg) Characiformes, Characidae), com peso médio de 100,0 gramas. Foram determinados os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo. Estes tratamentos foram avaliados por meio de análise de variância em um esquema fatorial 2 x 5 (duas espécies de peixes e cinco diâmetros). Os resultados demonstram que existe interação significativa entre o diâmetro da partícula alimentar e a espécie, e que o diâmetro mais adequado da partícula para a confecção de rações apresenta-se entre 1,0 mm e 2,0 mm para o pacu e, de 1,5 mm para a tilápia do Nilo.

OBJECTIVE To describe the trend for malignant skin neoplasms in subjects under 40 years of age in a region with high ultraviolet radiation indices.METHODS A descriptive epidemiological study on melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers that was conducted in Goiania, Midwest Brazil, with 1,688 people under 40 years of age, between 1988 and 2009. Cases were obtained fromRegistro de Câncer de Base Populacional de Goiânia(Goiania’s Population-Based Cancer File). Frequency, trends, and incidence of cases with single and multiple lesions were analyzed; transplants and genetic skin diseases were found in cases with multiple lesions.RESULTS Over the period, 1,995 skin cancer cases were observed to found, of which 1,524 (90.3%) cases had single lesions and 164 (9.7%) had multiple lesions. Regarding single lesions, incidence on men was observed to have risen from 2.4 to 3.1/100,000 inhabitants; it differed significantly for women, shifting from 2.3 to 5.3/100,000 (Annual percentage change – [APC] 3.0%, p = 0.006). Regarding multiple lesions, incidence on men was observed to have risen from 0.30 to 0.98/100,000 inhabitants; for women, it rose from 0.43 to 1.16/100,000 (APC 8.6%, p = 0.003). Genetic skin diseases or transplants were found to have been correlated with 10.0% of cases with multiple lesions – an average of 5.1 lesions per patient. The average was 2.5 in cases without that correlation.CONCLUSIONS Skin cancer on women under 40 years of age has been observed to be increasing for both cases with single and multiple lesions. It is not unusual to find multiple tumors in young people – in most cases, they are not associated with genetic skin diseases or transplants. It is necessary to avoid excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from childhood.

Na análise sociológica aqui proposta são contempladas, não so as especificidades dos contextos dos fenômenos sociais, como as normas e os valores estáveis que os amalgamam, pano de fundo das relações sociais. A concepção ainda vigente de inferioridade social feminina e superioridade social masculina (apoiada no fato de que a mulher age com a "emoção" e o homem age com a "razão") é o ponto primordial da relação dominação-subordinaão entre os gêneros. Como a razão e a emoção são parte de uma mesma unidade e homens e mulheres são portadores de ambas, e comotoda relação social é suscetível de crítica e questionamento dialógicos, a relação vigente entre os gêneros pode ser mudada. Como o espaço doméstico é comunicativo de caráter intersubjetivo é o locus da expressão da afetividade da manifestação da crítica e das primeiras aprendizagens, portanto é o espaço onde pode ser iniciado o fim da relação dominação-subordinação entre os gêneros

The worldwide distributed genus Oecetis currently contains around 550 valid species, 73 of them recorded in the Neotropical region. The genus is characterized by adults bearing long and stout maxillary palps and an unbranched M-vein on forewings. More than 50% of the Neotropical species of Oecetis was described in the past 20 years. However, those descriptions were authored by different specialists, not following a standard layout and there is no published phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus diversity in a cladistics framework. In this study we propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for the Neotropical species of Oecetis based on morphological characters and review most of its diversity taxonomically, offering a dichotomous key for specimen identification and new country records in the Neotropical region. The species of Oecetis occurring in the Neotropics do not form a monophyletic group, meaning that its history is more intricate than a single origin would assume. Most of the species-groups addressed in the taxonomical literature are recovered (such as the Oecetis punctata - and Oecetis inconspicua -groups), the Oecetis punctipennis -group is inferred as the sister group of the remaining Neotropical Oecetis , and we propose a new species-group: the Oecetis pratti -group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Hepcidin acts as the main regulator of iron homeostasis through regulation of intestinal absorption and macrophage release. Hepcidin deficiency causes iron overload whereas its overproduction is associated with anaemia of chronic diseases. The aims of the study were: to identify genetic variants in the hepcidin gene (HAMP) promoter, to asses the associations between the variants found and iron status parameters, and to functionally study the role on HAMP expression of the most frequent variant. Results The sequencing of HAMP promoter from 103 healthy individuals revealed two genetic variants: The c.-153C > T with a frequency of 0.014 for allele T, which is known to reduce hepcidin expression and the c.-582A > G with a 0.218 frequency for allele G. In an additional group of 224 individuals, the c.-582A > G variant genotype showed no association with serum iron, transferrin or ferritin levels. The c.-582G HAMP promoter variant decreased the transcriptional activity by 20% compared to c.-582A variant in cells from the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 when cotransfected with luciferase reporter constructs and plasmid expressing upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) and by 12-14% when cotransfected with plasmid expressing upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2). Conclusions The c.-582A > G HAMP promoter variant is not associated with serum iron, transferrin or ferritin levels in the healthy population. The in vitro effect of the c.-582A > G variant resulted in a small reduction of the gene transactivation by allele G compared to allele A. Therefore the effect of the variant on the hepcidin levels in vivo would be likely negligible. Finally, the c.-153C > T variant showed a frequency high enough to be considered when a genetic analysis is done in iron overload patients.

We build on Nonlinear Dynamic Systems (NDS) theory to examine if team performance change across a complete performance cycle is nonlinear, and if such change is related with team processes change over time. Participants were 214 teams enrolled in one management competition. The hypotheses were tested using nonlinear regressions and catastrophe modeling. The results of the nonlinear regression model support the hypothesis that change in team performance over time follows a cusp catastrophe distribution, R²Cusp = .93, F (5, 1065) = 16889.82, p < .001); and that team processes do function as asymmetry (transition and action processes) and bifurcation (interpersonal processes) factors. The results also suggest that the cusp catastrophe model (R² = .68) explains team performance better than the linear (R² = .05) and logistic models (R² = .07). This study reiterates the importance of incorporating the NDS perspective within the teamwork literature to leverage our knowledge about the way teams perform over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El proyecto que aquí resumimos consiste básicamente en la utilización de nuevas tecnologías (portales de internet, foros, programas científicos de cálculo,...) como apoyo y complemento a la docencia de las Matemáticas para la Economía. Comentamos en primer lugar las razones que estimularon esta experiencia, así como las ideas, objetivos y temores con los que nació. Resumimos luego el desarrollo del mismo, desde tres aspectos fundamentales: la creación y funcionamiento de nuestro portal de internet, la utilización de Matlab como herramienta pedagógica y una primera experiencia de docencia on-line. Finalmente relatamos las ideas y conclusiones que hemos madurado y que son la base en la que se sustenta actualmente este proyecto docente que no ha hecho más que comenzar. Con este documento pretendemos poder ser un modesto referente para aquellos docentes que, hallándose en una situación análoga a la nuestra, sienten nuestras mismas inquietudes. Iniciar un proyecto así tiene un alto coste para el docente, requiere al principio una gran inversión de tiempo a cambio de resultados que tardan en fructificar, por tanto el conocimiento de nuestra experiencia puede resultar alentador para aquellos compañeros que están dispuestos a comenzar, o han iniciado ya, proyectos similares a este.

Ash generated during the combustion of woody biomass for energy production is an industrial waste that should be properly managed in order to minimise the respective environmental impacts. Woody biomass ash valorisation in construction materials to replace conventional materials is an alternative that has proven to be technically feasible. On the other hand, it can present potential environmental impacts that should be evaluated to support the choice of more sustainable alternatives. Thus, the purpose of this work is to assess the potential impacts of woody biomass ash valorisation of through incorporation in construction materials using life cycle assessment. The valorisation alternatives consider the incorporation of woody biomass ash in cement mortars, adhesive mortars, concrete blocks, and bituminous asphalts. In addition, a base scenario consisting of ash landfilling is also assessed. Four types of woody biomass ashes were considered, namely fly and bottom ashes generated in a vibrating grate and fly and bottom ashes generated in a fluidised bed. The impact assessment method used is that suggested in the International Reference Life Cycle Data System for selected impact categories. The results showed that the impacts of ash transport and pre-processing and the impacts of producing the avoided materials are factors that affect the net impact of the valorisation scenarios and should be considered in the end-of-life management of biomass ash. Nevertheless, all valorisation scenarios had a lower impact than landfilling in all the impact categories under study, resulting in a significant decrease of the environmental impacts in some scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research tested whether observing members of a dyad behave in synchrony influences observers' expectations and intentions about that dyad. In four studies, participants observed a dyad move in synchrony and were asked to make inferences about them. Results suggest that interpersonal synchrony serves as a social cue, such that observers expect the members of the dyad to work well together. Moreover, synchrony makes observers more likely to want to affiliate with the dyad. These findings shed light on how the social function of synchrony extends beyond the people who experience it to those who observe it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este estudo relata o emprego de um sistema lingüístico em miniatura para investigar a aprendizagem de leitura. Vinte estudantes de graduação (10 da área de exatas e 10 de humanas) aprenderam a relacionar figuras e pseudo-palavras impressas às correspondentes pseudo-palavras ditadas, em tarefas de discriminação condicional realizadas em computador. Sessões de ensino foram intercaladas com testes de leitura de palavras novas, formadas pela recombinação de elementos das palavras ensinadas (generalização recombinativa). Nove estudantes de exatas e quatro de humanas apresentaram leitura recombinativa após a aprendizagem de 12 palavras. Os escores em leitura de palavras novas aumentaram à medida que aumentava o número de palavras ensinadas. Ambos os achados podem ser interpretados como efeitos de experiências de aprendizagem com relações simbólicas. As diferenças entre estudantes das áreas de humanas e exatas podem também refletir fatores motivacionais.

ABSTRACT Embryo thermal stimulation has been studied as a means to promote epigenetic changes and to improve broiler health and performance. This study aimed at evaluating immunoglobulin (IgM, IgG, and IgA) titers, serum corticosterone levels, and organ integrity of day-old male Cobb(r) and Ross(r) broilers. Embryos were submitted to hot and cold stimuli (thermal stimulation) on days 14-18 of incubation. The thermal manipulation treatments did not affect immunoglobulin titers of 1 day-old Cobb(r) or Ross(r) chicks, and caused severe bursal lesions (scores 3 and 4) in both strains. However, serum corticosterone levels of Cobb(r) chicks were higher when embryos were submitted to hot stimulus (+1.39ºC) compared with cold stimulus (+36 ºC). Serum corticosterone levels of Ross(r) chicks were not affected by embryo temperature manipulation. The only effect of broiler breeder age was observed on IgM titers of Cobb(r) chicks, which were higher in chicks from 33-wk-old breeders. Further studies are needed to detect the optimal period of embryo thermal stimulation.

Resumo Mobilidade e segurança são temas cada vez mais discutidos nos grandes centros urbanos, e as iniciativas nesse universo devem prever soluções práticas e econômicas, que gerem benefícios para os cidadãos. O pavimento, um dos fatores para a qualidade urbana, é a via de acesso indispensável para garantir o direito de ir e vir. Entre as soluções, o pavimento intertravado se destaca como um dos produtos mais recomendados na pavimentação das calçadas e áreas públicas. Em países da Europa e da América Latina a pavimentação com sistemas intertravados de cerâmicas é amplamente utilizada, porém essa prática ainda é pouco observada no Brasil, pela inexistência desse produto no mercado local. Desse modo, o objetivo deste projeto foi o desenvolvimento de pavimentos intertravados de cerâmica visando ao uso em passeios e áreas públicas. Também foram adicionados ao novo produto desenvolvido resíduos queimados oriundos do próprio processo de fabricação, os quais são chamados de cacos ou chamote, para diminuir a quantidade de material a ser descartado no meio ambiente. Após os resultados positivos na caracterização dos produtos, foram criados novos designs para essa tipologia de produtos, os quais foram produzidos em escala laboratorial.