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Abstract Cervical cancer is the first identified human papillomavirus (HPV) associated cancer and the most promising malignancy to be eliminated. However, the ever-changing virus subtypes and acquired multiple drug resistance continue to induce failure of tumor prevention and treatment. The exploration of cervical cancer heterogeneity is the crucial way to achieve effective prevention and precise treatment. Tumor heterogeneity exists in various aspects including the immune clearance of viruses, tumorigenesis, neoplasm recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance. Tumor development and drug resistance are often driven by potential gene amplification and deletion, not only somatic genomic alterations, but also copy number amplifications, histone modification and DNA methylation. Genomic rearrangements may occur by selection effects from chemotherapy or radiotherapy which exhibits genetic intra-tumor heterogeneity in advanced cervical cancers. The combined application of cervical cancer therapeutic vaccine and immune checkpoint inhibitors has become an effective strategy to address the heterogeneity of treatment. In this review, we will integrate classic and recently updated epidemiological data on vaccination rates, screening rates, incidence and mortality of cervical cancer patients worldwide aiming to understand the current situation of disease prevention and control and identify the direction of urgent efforts. Additionally, we will focus on the tumor environment to summarize the conditions of immune clearance and gene integration after different HPV infections and to explore the genomic factors of tumor heterogeneity. Finally, we will make a thorough inquiry into completed and ongoing phase III clinical trials in cervical cancer and summarize molecular mechanisms of drug resistance among chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biotherapy, and immunotherapy.

Abstract Background Traditional observational studies have shown an inverse association between body mass index (BMI) and lung cancer risk. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic variants as instruments for BMI may clarify the nature of the association. Aims We studied the causal association between BMI and lung cancer incidence using observational and MR approaches. Methods We followed up 62,453 cancer-free Norwegian adults from 1995–97 (HUNT2) until 2017. BMI at baseline in HUNT2 was classified as

Skin detection has been a widely studied computer vision topic for many years,whereas remains a challenging task.Previous methods celebrate their success in various ordinary scenarios but still suffer from fragmentary prediction and poor generalization.To address this issue,this paper proposes an edge guided network driven by a massive self-corrected skin detection dataset for robust skin detection.To be specific,a multi-task learning based network which conducts skin detection and edge detection jointly is proposed.The predicted edge map is further converged to the skin detection stream via an edge attention module.Meanwhile,to engage a large-scale of low-quality data from the human parsing task to strengthen the generalization of the network,a self-correction algorithm is adapted to prune the side effect of supervised by noisy labels with continuously polishing up those defects during the training process.Experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art in skin detection.

Abstract Laser oscillating welding was employed to fabricate Al-Si coated press-hardened steel (PHS) to improve the element homogeneity in the fusion zone. Laser oscillating welding was employed with various oscillation amplitudes (0 mm, 0.5 mm and 1.3 mm) in this present. Ni foil of 0.06 mm thickness was used as an interlayer between two tailored PHS welded. The weld morphology, elemental profile, microstructure and tensile strength of welded joints were studied. The results showed that full penetration weld without any weld defects were achieved for any oscillation amplitudes, and weld width increased with increasing oscillation amplitudes. With the oscillation amplitudes increased, Ni and Al had an uneven elemental profile due to strong stirring force, but the Ni and Al content in the weld was decreased and Ni had a sharp descent compared to Al element. Only few δ-ferrite was presented in fusion line with the oscillation amplitudes increased to 1.3 mm. The oscillation amplitudes did not have an effect on the tensile properties, which was similar to that of base metal. But if keeping increasing the oscillation amplitudes or reducing the thickness of Ni interlayer, it has a potential risk to form more and more δ ferrite such that deteriorate the mechnical properties of welded joints.

Abstract Background This study explored the association between oral health and depression occurs via daily dietary satisfaction as a mediator, and that body mass index could moderate the path between daily dietary satisfaction and depression. Methods Data for this research were derived from a community survey adopting quota sampling in the cities of Tianjin and Shijiazhuang in mainland China in 2020 (N = 781). The moderated mediation model was tested by using bootstrapping with resampling strategies, and the Johnson-Neyman technique was used to visualize the moderating effect of body mass index. Results A significant negative association between oral health and depression has been indicated (B = −0.22, SE = 0.11, 95%CI [− 0.44, − 0.01]), and dietary satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between oral health and depression (B = −0.04, SE = 0.02, 95%CI [− 0.09, − 0.002]). The path was moderated by body mass index, and the effect of dietary satisfaction on depression was much greater in people with relatively low body mass index. Conclusions This study present evidence for policymakers and researchers that strategies to enhance oral health and daily dietary satisfaction could be important for preventing depression in Chinese older adults, and especially for the relatively fitter older groups with lower body mass index.

Abstract Introduction Combined forceps and cryoprobe biopsy during bronchoscopy are increasingly used. However, the adult standard cuffed endotracheal tube (SCETT) is can be limited by general anaesthesia and neuromuscular blockade. An adult uncuffed endotracheal tube (UCETT) might provide simple and safe airway support in stable patients during forceps and cryoprobe biopsy under spontaneous respiration. Methods A retrospective review of stable patients undergoing forceps and cryoprobe biopsy was performed. They were divided into a UCETT group (N = 33) and a SCETT group (N = 27). The primary technical outcome was the successful intubation and completion of bronchoscopy. The primary safety outcome was the incidence of desaturation events. Recovery time and side effects were also recorded. Results UCETTs and SCETTs were successfully inserted, and bronchoscopic procedures were completed in all patients. Only 3/33 (9.1%) patients in the UCETT group exhibited a drop of SPO2

In order to ensure the safe operation and production of oilfield gathering pipelines and to provide corrosion protection in advance,a failed oil and gas gathering pipeline in Tahe Oilfield was analyzed.The macro morphology observation of the corrosion perforation of such pipeline,the material composition analysis by direct reading spectrometer,the micro morphology observation of the sample corrosion by scanning electron microscope,the corrosion products analysis by X-ray diffractometer and energy disperse spectrometer,and the electrochemical testing were carried out to determine the cause of the perforation of the oil and gas gathering pipeline.Results showed that the highly mineralized corrosion medium,the crude oil containing a lot of CO2 and H2S,and the injected water poured into the stratum led to an CO2 corrosion inside the pipe wall.There were a lot of soluble calcium salts in the medium,and the chemical reaction between calcium salts and CO2 resulted in calcium carbonate scaling.The scaling and corrosion products were deposited on the uphill section of the pipeline,which led to serious corrosion of the metal matrix under scaling.The high-chloride ion accelerated the corrosion,and finally caused the perforation failure at the bottom of the pipeline.

Abstract Fertility is a significant concern among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors and their caregivers, especially after their completion of cancer treatment programs. Concerns about fertility affect not only cancer patients' psychological well‐being, but also all aspects of their medical treatments, including treatment protocol, decision‐making, and treatment adherence. In this scoping review, the PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang electronic databases were searched according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews. The searches identified 669 articles, 54 of which met the inclusion criteria. Reviewers extracted the data on the study characteristics, measurements, positive factors, negative factors, and additional themes. This scoping review included studies from 10 countries. Most studies were quantitative using a cross‐sectional design. The prevalence of reproductive concerns among AYA cancer survivors ranged from 44% to 86%, and 28% to 44% of the survivors experienced moderate to severe concerns. The specific implementation of fertility consultation, including timing, consult frequency, and content, deserves ongoing exploration.

Abstract The FPGA‐based image classification accelerator has achieved success in many practical applications. However, most accelerators focus on solving the problem of convolution computation efficiency. End‐to‐end image classification involves many non‐convolutional operations, which can also become performance bottlenecks. Therefore, the authors propose an FPGA‐based JPEG preprocessing accelerator, which can accelerate non‐convolution operations of JPEG before feature extraction. To improve throughput and energy efficiency, four hardware structures are adopted in the design: 1) adaptive image block; 2) fast IDCT; 3) image block buffer; and 4) image block self‐location. The proposed design is evaluated on Xilinx XCZU7EV. The authors compare it with the optimized implementation of CPU and GPU, and the energy efficiency is improved by 23.07 times and 4.21 times, respectively. The throughput is 2.52 times better than the CPU implementation. And the authors demonstrate its practicality through a case study of image classification. These experimental results demonstrate its superior performance in terms of throughput and energy efficiency.

The application of predicting bus travel time with real-time information, including Global Positioning System (GPS) and Electronic Smart Card (ESC) data is effective to advance the level of service by reducing wait time and improving schedule adherence. However, missing information in the data stream is inevitable for various reasons, which may seriously affect prediction accuracy. To address this problem, this research proposes a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to predict bus travel time, considering incomplete data. To improve the model performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is developed and applied to optimise hyperparameters of the LSTM model. The model performance is assessed by simulation and real-world data. The results suggest that the proposed approach with hybrid data outperforms the approaches with ESC and GPS data individually. With GA, the proposed model outperforms the traditional one in terms of lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The prediction accuracy with various combinations of ESC and GPS data is assessed. The results can serve as a guideline for transit agencies to deploy GPS devices in a bus fleet considering the market penetration of ESC.

To compare effects of low phytate soymilk and regular soymilk consumption on the long-term mineral status in the body via rodent models. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control (CON), soymilk (SM) and low phytate soymilk group (LPSM), with 28 days’ intervention. Compared to CON, serum Ca, hemoglobin and transferrin, femur Zn level from both SM and LPSM group were elevated, while serum Fe, RDW and Zn from SM group were decreased. Serum and liver Zn level from LPSM group was significantly higher compared to SM group. In comparison with CON and SM, Ca level in the femur and liver, bone mineral density of cortical and trabecular bone from LPSM were increased. LPSM was capable of improving bone quality, maintaining circulating Fe and Zn levels, and liver Fe storage compared to SM group. Further studies on human subjects are required to explore low phytate soymilk consumption on Ca, Fe and Zn status.

BackgroundAlthough cellular and animal studies have reported that resolvin D1 (RvD1) and resolvin D2 (RvD2) are mechanisms involved in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the impact of RvD1 and RvD2 on the risk of T2DM at a population level remains unclear.MethodsWe included 2755 non-diabetic adults from a community-based cohort in China and followed them for seven years. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of RvD1 and RvD2 with T2DM probability. Time-dependent receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive performance of RvD1 and RvD2 for the risk of T2DM based on the Chinese CDC T2DM prediction model (CDRS).ResultsA total of 172 incident T2DM cases were identified. Multivariate-adjusted HRs (95% CI) for T2DM across quartiles of RvD1 levels (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) were 1.00, 1.64 (1.03-2.63), 1.80 (1.13-2.86) and 1.61 (1.01-2.57), respectively. Additionally, body mass index (BMI) showed a significant effect modification in the association of RvD1 with incident T2DM (Pinteraction = 0.026). After multivariate adjustment, the HR (95% CI) for T2DM in the fourth compared with the first quartile of RvD2 was 1.94 (95% CI: 1.24-3.03). Time-dependent ROC analysis showed that the area under time-dependent ROC curves of the “CDRS+RvD1+RvD2” model for the 3-, 5- and 7-year risk of T2DM were 0.842, 0.835 and 0.828, respectively.ConclusionsHigher RvD1 and RvD2 levels are associated with a higher risk of T2DM at the population level.

Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is a crucial glycolytic enzyme, and its expression status has been confirmed to be associated with tumor progression and metastasis. However, the precise role and other biological functions of PGAM1 remain unclear. Here, we report that PGAM1 expression is upregulated and related to poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer (BC). Functional experiments showed that knockdown of PGAM1 could suppress the proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of BC cells. Through RNA sequencing, we found that argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) expression was markedly upregulated in BC cells following PGAM1 knockdown, and it is required to suppress the malignant biological behavior of BC cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that PGAM1 negatively regulates ASS1 expression through the cAMP/AMPK/CEBPB axis. In vivo experiments further validated that PGAM1 promoted tumor growth in BC by altering ASS1 expression. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis showed that downregulated ASS1 levels were associated with PGAM1 expression and poor prognosis in patients with BC. Our study provides new insight into the regulatory mechanism of PGAM1‐mediated BC progression that might shed new light on potential targets and combination therapeutic strategies for BC treatment.

Abstract Background Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. In many pathological conditions, particularly in the tumor microenvironment, cells and tissues frequently exist in a hypoxic state. Here, we evaluated Itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (ITCH) expression in LC cells following hypoxia treatment. Methods LC cell lines were treated with hypoxic condition. Cell migration, invasion, inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis of LC cells were determined by wound healing assay, Transwell invasive assay, ELISA, DCFH‐DA staining, and flow cytometry, respectively. qPCR and WB were used to determine the expression of ITCH and TXNIP. Co‐IP was performed to assess the interaction between ITCH and TXNIP. Results ITCH expression was downregulated in LC cells under hypoxic conditions. Next, LC cells were subjected to hypoxic conditions and changes in cell viability and metastasis were determined. Hypoxic conditions resulted in increased migration and invasion abilities of LC cells. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammation, and apoptosis were also promoted by hypoxia. We found that ITCH overexpression led to the proteasomal degradation of thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP), whereas the expression of the ITCH C830A mutant did not affect TXNIP levels in LC cells. The gain‐of‐function experiment demonstrated that migration, invasion, ROS generation, inflammation, and apoptosis of hypoxia‐conditioned LC cells were ameliorated by ITCH overexpression, whereas the ITCH C830A mutant did not cause any changes in these phenotypes. Furthermore, the contribution of TXNIP knockdown and ITCH overexpression to the hypoxia‐induced features in LC cells with ITCH C830A was found to be similar. Conclusion Our results suggest a novel mechanism underlying the changes in ITCH‐mediated malignant phenotypes of hypoxia‐conditioned LC cells via TXNIP.

Abstract This study evaluates the chemo-mechanical influence of injected CO2 on the Morrow B sandstone reservoir and the upper Morrow shale caprock utilizing data from the inverted 5-spot pattern centered on Well 13-10A within the Farnsworth unit (FWU). This study also seeks to evaluate the integrity of the caprock and the long-term CO2 storage capability of the FWU. The inverted 5-spot pattern was extracted from the field-scale model and tuned with the available field observed data before the modeling work. Two coupled numerical simulation models were utilized to continue the study. First, a coupled hydro-geochemical model was constructed to simulate the dissolution and precipitation of formation minerals by modeling three intra-aqueous and six mineral reactions. In addition, a coupled hydro-geomechanical model was constructed and employed to study the effects of stress changes on the caprock’s porosity, permeability, and ground displacement. The Mohr–Coulomb circle and failure envelope were used to determine caprock failure. In this work, the CO2-WAG injection is followed by the historical field-observed strategy. During the forecasting period, a Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection ratio of 1:3 was utilized with a baseline bottom-hole pressure constraint of 5500 psi for 20 years. A post-injection period of 1000 years was simulated to monitor the CO2 plume and its effects on the CO2 storage reservoir and caprock integrity. The simulation results indicated that the impacts of the geochemical reactions on the porosity of the caprock were insignificant as it experienced a decrease of about 0.0003% at the end of the 1000-year post-injection monitoring. On the other hand, the maximum stress-induced porosity change was about a 1.4% increase, resulting in about 4% in permeability change. It was estimated that about 3.3% of the sequestered CO2 in the formation interacted with the caprock. Despite these petrophysical property alterations and CO2 interactions in the caprock, the caprock still maintained its elastic properties and was determined to be far from its failure.

Abstract Background The anti-coagulation protocol of patients with hemorrhage risk primary disease who need extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) supported is controversial. This study evaluated the feasibility of a new anti-coagulation strategy, that is heparin-free after 3000 IU heparin loaded in veno-venous ECMO (VV ECMO) supported acute respiratory failure patients with hemorrhage risk. Methods A retrospective study was performed in a series of hemorrhage risk patients supported with VV ECMO at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, between June 2012 to Sept 2020. A total of 70 patients received a low heparin bolus of 3000 units for cannulation but without subsequent, ongoing heparin administration. Patients were divided into survival (n = 25) and non-survival group (n = 45). Data of coagulation, hemolysis and membrane lung function were calculated and analyzed. The complications of patients were recorded. Finally, the binary Logistic regression was conducted. Results The longest heparin-free time was 216 h, and the mean heparin-free time was 102 h. Compared with survivors, the non-survivors were showed higher baseline SOFA score and lower platelet counts in 0.5 h, 24 h, 48 h and 96 h after ECMO applied. However, there was no significant differences between survivors and non-survivors in ACT, APTT, INR, D-dimer, fibrinogen, LDH, blood flow rate, Δp and Ppost-MLO2 (all p 0.05). Conclusions The anticoagulation protocol that no heparin after a 3000 units heparin bolus in VV ECMO supported acute respiratory failure patients with hemorrhage risk is feasible.

In order to predict and deeply excavate the food-related products risks through massive detective information, a total of 7704 batches of national supervision and sampling data on food-related products were collected from 2018 to 2020 to analyze the current situation and risk factors. Subsequently, a risk assessment model by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was constructed and further used to calculate comprehensive evaluation index. The results showed that the mean fraction defective of food-related products was 4.56%, which was all above the unqualified rate of food sampling inspection in the same year. Products with higher risks included 7 categories, such as melamine tableware, paper cups and detergent etc. Their unqualified rates were all above the average level. And lower unqualified rates (less than 1%) were found in other 10 kinds of products, including plastic cups, plastic cutting boards and stainless steel kitchen utensils etc. The rate of unqualified enterprises showed an increasing trend, while nonconforming products and problems were repeated. The evaluation system was composed of 5 first-level indicators and 7 second-level indicators by AHP. The weights of the first class indicators which would affect the safety of food from high to low were 0.354 for chemical substances migration, 0.331 for microbiological disqualification, 0.171 for excessive heavy metals, 0.100 for physical performance and 0.044 for hygienic property, respectively. Secondary indicators were types of food-related products, and higher risk were found in detergent and disinfector (0.252), food contact paper containers (0.189) and plastics (0.177), followed by bamboo and wood products (0.170) and food processing equipments (0.105), while glasswork (0.056) and ceramics (0.051) were relatively lower risk. The results also demonstrated that the comprehensive evaluation index was consistent with the trend of nonconforming rate, and would provide technical support for food-related products safety risk analysis and early warning.

Landslides are a common geological disaster, which cause many economic losses and casualties in the world each year. Drawing up a landslide list and monitoring their deformations is crucial to prevent landslide disasters. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) can obtain millimeter-level surface deformations and provide data support for landslide deformation monitoring. However, some landslides are difficult to detect due to the low-coherence caused by vegetation cover in mountainous areas and the difficulty of phase unwrapping caused by large landslide deformations. In this paper, a method based on multi-direction phase gradient stacking is proposed. It employs the differential interferograms of small baseline sets to directly obtain the abnormal region, thereby avoiding the problem where part of landslide cannot be detected due to a phase unwrapping error. In this study, the Sentinel-1 satellite ascending and descending data from 2018 to 2020 are used to detect landslides around Zhouqu County, China. A total of 26 active landslides were detected in ascending data and 32 active landslides in the descending data using the method in this paper, while the SBAS-InSAR detected 19 active landslides in the ascending data and 25 active landslides in the descending data. The method in this paper can successfully detect landslides in areas that are difficult for the SBAS-InSAR to detect. In addition, the proposed method does not require phase unwrapping, so a significant amount of data processing time can be saved.

Wheat stem rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), poses a substantial threat to global wheat production. Utilizing stem rust resistance (Sr) genes represents an economically viable, effective, and environmentally friendly approach to disease control. In this study, gene postulation, molecular testing, and pedigree analysis were used to identify the presence of Sr genes in 45 wheat cultivars. In addition, the resistance of these cultivars was evaluated against two predominant Pgt races, 34MRGQM and 21C3CTHTM, at the adult-plant stage during 2021–2022. The results identify seven Sr genes (Sr31, Sr38, Sr30, SrTmp, Sr22, Sr19, and Sr5) within 35 wheat cultivars. Among these, 23 cultivars contained Sr31, whereas Sr5 and SrTmp were present in four cultivars each. Han 5316, Shimai 15, Shiyou 20, and Kenong 1006 exhibited the presence of Sr19, Sr22, Sr30, and Sr38, respectively. Molecular studies confirmed the absence of Sr25 and Sr26 in any of the wheat cultivars. During field evaluation, 37 (82.2%) and 39 (86.7%) wheat cultivars demonstrated resistance to races 34MRGQM and 21C3CTHTM, respectively. Moreover, 33 wheat cultivars (73.3%) exhibited resistance to all the tested races. These study findings will significantly contribute to future research in wheat pre-breeding and abiotic stress tolerance.

The degradation of an n ^++ GaN regrown ohmic contact in a MIS-HEMT device induced by ion beam etching (IBE) damages and relevant mechanisms have been studied. Abnormal I–V behaviors of the etched n ^++ GaN were observed by the transfer length method using a Ti/Al/Ni/Au stack as the contact metal, and it can be recovered with the assistance of post-metallization rapid thermal annealing. According to further analysis, we speculate that the degradation of the ohmic contact originates from the preferential loss of nitrogen by IBE, which boosts the oxygen incorporation and formation of an oxide layer isolating the contact metal from the n ^++ GaN.

Apicomplexan protozoa, which are a group of specialized intracellular parasitic protozoa, infect humans and other animals and cause a variety of diseases. The lack of research on the interaction mechanism between Apicomplexan protozoa and their hosts is a key factor restricting the development of new drugs and vaccines. In the early stages of infection, cell apoptosis is inhibited by Apicomplexan protozoa through their interaction with the host cells; thereby, the survival and reproduction of Apicomplexan protozoa in host cells is promoted. In this review, the key virulence proteins and pathways are introduced regarding the inhibition of cell apoptosis by the interaction between the protozoa and their host during the early stage of Apicomplexan protozoa infection. It provides a theoretical basis for the development of drugs or vaccines for protozoal diseases.

Hot-deformation pre-bonding is a newly developed method to avoid smelting defects in large stainless steel billets, in which the high-quality interfacial connection needs to be realized as a key guarantee. In this work, a novel electromagnetic shocking treatment (EST) method, as a special way to apply an external physical field, was proposed to introduce the hot-deformation pre-bonded austenitic stainless steel. It is demonstrated that EST can efficiently optimize the hot-deformation pre-bonded interface and restore the tensile properties of pre-bonded stainless steel within several seconds. The interface healing behaviors induced by EST were analyzed via the in situ observation of an optical micrograph, scanning electron micrograph, as well as electron backscattering diffraction. The optimization of the interface connection is mainly attributed to the fact that EST can act on the interface locally, leading to the healing of voids at the interface accompanied by a reduction in stress and the decomposition of oxide. In addition, EST plays another important role in adjusting the texture difference at both ends of the interface, which can further improve the mechanical properties. The results suggest that EST exhibits great potential in promoting the hot-deformation pre-bonding of large billets.

Abstract Background Ferroptosis is an iron dependent cell death closely associated with p53 signaling pathway and is aberrantly regulated in glioblastoma (GBM), yet the underlying mechanism needs more exploration. Identifying new factors which regulate p53 and ferroptosis in GBM is essential for treatment. Methods Glioma cell growth was evaluated by cell viability assays and colony formation assays. Lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, lipid peroxidation assays, glutathione assays, and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess the degree of cellular lipid peroxidation of GBM. The mechanisms of RND1 in regulation of p53 signaling were analyzed by RT-PCR, western blot, immunostaining, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays and luciferase reporter assays. The GBM‐xenografted animal model was constructed and the tumor was captured by an In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS). Results From the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we summarized that Rho family GTPase 1 (RND1) expression was downregulated in GBM and predicted a better prognosis of patients with GBM. We observed that RND1 influenced the glioma cell growth in a ferroptosis-dependent manner when GBM cell lines U87 and A172 were treated with Ferrostatin-1 or Erastin. Mechanistically, we found that RND1 interacted with p53 and led to the de-ubiquitination of p53 protein. Furthermore, the overexpression of RND1 promoted the activity of p53-SLC7A11 signaling pathway, therefore inducing the lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis of GBM. Conclusions We found that RND1, a novel controller of p53 protein and a positive regulator of p53 signaling pathway, enhanced the ferroptosis in GBM. This study may shed light on the understanding of ferroptosis in GBM cells and provide new therapeutic ideas for GBM.

Herein, Liu and colleagues show that CD4+ T cells in cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are required to enhance the clinical efficacy of CIK therapy. In addition, CD4+ T cells help via IL-17A production is critical to restoring the function of CD8+/CD3+CD56+ T cells and reversing the exhaustion of PD-1+TIM-3+ T cells in CIK therapy.

Abstract Trust in automation plays a leading role in human-automation interaction. As there lack of scales measuring trust in automation in China, the purpose of this study was to adapt the trust between People and Automation Scale (TPAS) into Chinese and to demonstrate its psychometric properties among Chinese adults. A total of 310 Chinese adults were randomly selected as sample 1, and 508 Chinese adults as sample 2. Results of the item analysis revealed that each item had a good quality, and the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggested that the two-factor model with 12 items was the best fitting model. In addition, the TPAS was positively correlated with Interpersonal Trust Scale (ITS), proving good evidence based on relations to other variables to support the TPAS. In sum, the study suggested that the Chinese version of the TPAS could be used as an effective tool to assess trust in automation in the Chinese context.

The past decades have witnessed a tremendous development of GaN-based power electronic devices grown on Si substrate. This article provides a concise introduction, review, and outlook of the research developments of GaN-on-Si power device technology. The comprehensive review has discussed the crucial issues in the state-of-the-art device technology based on both GaN materials epitaxy including stress control and point defects study, and device fabrication including normally off solutions like Cascode, trench MIS-gate, and p-GaN gate. Device reliability and other common fabrication issues in GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are also discussed. Lastly, we give an outlook on the GaN-on-Si power devices from two aspects, namely high frequency, and high power GaN ICs, and GaN vertical power devices.

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor. The unregulated expression of Claudin-4 (CLDN4) plays an important role in tumor progression. However, the biological role of CLDN4 in GBM is still unknown. This study aimed to determine whether CLDN4 mediates glioma malignant progression, if so, it would further explore the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Our results revealed that CLDN4 was significantly upregulated in glioma specimens and cells. The inhibition of CLND4 expression could inhibit mesenchymal transformation, cell invasion, cell migration and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, combined with in vitro analysis, we found that CLDN4 can modulate tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signal pathway. Meanwhile, we also validated that the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signal pathway can upregulate the expression of CLDN4, and promote the invasion ability of GBM cells. Conversely, TGF-β signal pathway inhibitor ITD-1 can downregulate the expression of CLDN4, and inhibit the invasion ability of GBM cells. Furthermore, we found that TGF-β can promote the nuclear translocation of CLDN4. In summary, our findings indicated that the TGF-β/CLDN4/TNF-α/NF-κB signal axis plays a key role in the biological progression of glioma. Disrupting the function of this signal axis may represent a new treatment strategy for patients with GBM.

Cell behaviors and functions show distinct contrast in different mechanical microenvironment. Numerous materials with varied rigidity have been developed to mimic the interactions between cells and their surroundings. However, the conventional static materials cannot fully capture the dynamic alterations at the bio-interface, especially for the molecular motion and the local mechanical changes in nanoscale. As an alternative, flexible materials have great potential to sense and adapt to mechanical changes in such complex microenvironment. The flexible materials could promote the cellular mechanosensing by dynamically adjusting their local mechanics, topography and ligand presentation to adapt to intracellular force generation. This process enables the cells to exhibit comparable or even higher level of mechanotransduction and the downstream ‘hard’ phenotypes compared to the conventional stiff or rigid ones. Here, we highlight the relevant studies regarding the development of such adaptive materials to mediate cell behaviors across the rigidity limitation on soft substrates. The concept of ‘soft overcomes the hard’ will guide the future development and application of biological materials.

Abstract Background Number of teeth is an established indicator of oral health and is commonly self-reported in epidemiological studies due to the costly and labor-intensive nature of clinical examinations. Although previous studies have found self-reported number of teeth to be a reasonably accurate measure, its accuracy among older adults ≥ 70 years is less explored. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of self-reported number of teeth and edentulousness in older adults and to investigate factors that may affect the accuracy of self-reports. Methods This study included two different samples of older adults ≥ 70 years drawn from the fourth wave of the Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT Study), Norway. Sample 1 (n = 586) was used to evaluate the validity of self-reported number of teeth and sample 2 (n = 518) was used to evaluate self-reported edentulousness. Information on number of teeth and background variables (education, smoking, cognitive function, and self-perceived general and oral health) were self-reported in questionnaires, while clinical oral health examinations assessed number of teeth, number of teeth restored or replaced by fixed prosthodontics and edentulousness. Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland–Altman plot, chi-square test and kappa statistics were used to assess the agreement between self-reported and clinically recorded number of teeth. Results The mean difference between self-reported and clinically recorded number of teeth was low (− 0.22 teeth), and more than 70% of the participants reported their number of teeth within an error of two teeth. Correlations between self-reports and clinical examinations were high for the total sample (0.86 (Spearman) and 0.91 (Pearson)). However, a lower correlation was found among participants with dementia (0.74 (Spearman) and 0.85 (Pearson)), participants having ≥ 20 teeth (0.76 (Spearman) and 0.67 (Pearson)), and participants with ≥ 5 teeth restored or replaced by fixed prosthodontics (0.75 (Spearman) and 0.77 (Pearson)). Self-reports of having teeth or being edentulous were correct in 96.3% of the cases (kappa value 0.93, p value