Search

4,4'-Spiro-bis[cyclopenta[2,1

Two-dimensional (2D)/quasi-2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) incorporating organic spacer cations exhibit appealing ambient stability in comparison with their 3D analogs. Most reported organic spacer cations are based on ammonium, whereas formamidinium (FA+) has been seldom applied despite that FA has been extensively used in high-efficiency 3D PSCs. Herein, a novel FA-based organic spacer cation, 4-chloro-phenylformamidinium (CPFA+), is applied in quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) PSCs for the first time, and methylammonium chloride (MACl) is employed to promote crystal growth and orientation of perovskite film, resulting in high power conversion efficiency (PCE) with improved stability. Upon incorporating CPFA+ organic spacer cation and MACl additive, high-quality quasi-2D CPFA2MAn−1Pbn(I0.857Cl0.143)3n+1 (n = 9) perovskite film forms, exhibiting improved crystal orientation, reduced trap state density, prolonged carrier lifetime and optimized energy level alignment. Consequently, the CPFA2MAn−1Pbn(I0.857Cl0.143)3n+1 (n = 9) quasi-2D RP PSC devices deliver a highest PCE of 14.78%. Moreover, the un-encapsulated CPFA-based quasi-2D RP PSC devices maintain ∼ 80% of its original PCE after exceeding 2000 h storage under ambient condition, whereas the 3D MAPbI3 counterparts retain only ∼ 45% of its original PCE. Thus, the ambient stability of quasi-2D RP PSC devices is improved obviously relative to its 3D MAPbI3 counterpart.

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is highly common in diabetes patients. P2X receptors play critical roles in pain sensitization. We previously showed that elevated P2X3 expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contributes to DNP. However, the role of other P2X receptors in DNP is unclear. Here, we established the DNP model using a single high-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection and investigated the expression of P2X genes in the DRG. Our data revealed elevated P2X2, P2X4, and P2X7 mRNA levels in DRG of DNP rats. The protein levels of P2X4 and P2X7 in DNP rats increased, but the P2X2 did not change significantly. To study the role of P2X4 and P2X7 in diabetes-induced hyperalgesia, we treated the DNP rats with TNP-ATP (2’,3’-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-adenosine 5’-triphosphate), a nonspecific P2X1–7 antagonist, and found that TNP-ATP alleviated thermal hyperalgesia in DNP rats. 2 Hz electroacupuncture is analgesic against DNP and could downregulate P2X4 and P2X7 expression in DRG. Our findings indicate that P2X4 and P2X7 in L4–L6 DRGs contribute to diabetes-induced hyperalgesia, and that EA reduces thermal hyperalgesia and the expression of P2X4 and P2X7.

A simple and green method was developed for the reaction of 2-aminothiophenol and benzaldehyde in the self-neutralizing acidic CO2-alcohol system to produce benzothiazoles. A series of benzothiazole derivatives were successfully prepared from the condensation and cyclization reaction of 2-aminothiophenol or substituted 2-aminothiophenol with aliphatic, heteroaryl and aryl aldehydes promoted by alkyl carbonic acid under mild conditions. Moreover, the method is also suitable for the synthesis of 2-phenylbenzimidazole and 2-phenylbenzoxazole. Additionally, this reaction system greatly simplified post-processing, which did not need to be neutralized with base and without salt disposal. These advantages make the process more practical, economical, and environmentally friendly. Mechanism investigation indicated that formation of alkyl carbonic acid from CO2 and methanol is the key intermediate, which provides hydrogen ions to catalyze the reaction of 2-aminothiophenol and benzaldehyde.

A novel electron acceptor, BTP-H2, demonstrates a high efficiency of 18.5% with a high Voc of 0.932 V. It also enables the ternary device to yield an efficiency of 19.2%, ranking the highest among single-junction organic photovoltaics.

Lanthipeptides are one of the largest groups of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and are characterized by the presence of lanthionine (Lan) or methyllanthionine residues (MeLan). Only very few lanthipeptides contain a C-terminal 2-aminovinyl-cysteine (AviCys) motif, but all of them show potent antibacterial activities. Recent advances of genome sequencing led to the rapid accumulation of new biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for lanthipeptides. In this study, through our genome mining strategy, we found the AviCys containing lanthipeptides are widespread in the bacterial kingdom. A lanthipeptide-type biosynthetic gene cluster was identified from public bacterial genome database. Two new lanthipeptides, daspyromycins A and B (1 and 2) containing AviCys motif, along with two degraded products, daspyromycins C and D (3 and 4), were obtained after heterologous expression of the gene cluster in Streptomyces albus J1074. Daspyromycins A and B showed potent antimicrobial activity against a spectrum of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE).

Other than multi-ring fused or non-covalent lock strategies, the work demonstrates the use of bulky and embracing type sidechains to force non-fused rings staying in a coplanar configuration for high performance non-fullerene electron acceptors.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the immediate and mid-term outcomes of transthoracic minimally invasive closure (TMIC) of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA), which is a rare and mostly congenital heart disease. METHODS: From January 2014 to November 2020, 19 patients (16 males, 3 females) with RSVA were selected for TMIC and were followed up at our centre. Data were analysed from our prospectively collected database and clinical mid-term follow-up was obtained. RESULTS: Among these 19 cases, transthoracic echocardiography showed rupture of the right coronary sinus to the right atrium in 9 patients, non-coronary sinus rupture to the right atrium in 7 patients, and right coronary sinus rupture to the right ventricle in 3 patients. Most (13/19) cases were New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or IV. The mean diameters of the defect from the aortic end and ruptured site were 8.8±3.0 and 6.4±2.6 mm, respectively. TMIC was attempted using ventricular septal defect (VSD)/patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occluders 2–7 mm larger than the aortic ends of the defects. All patients were successfully treated by TMIC and achieved complete closure at discharge after a mean hospital stay length of 6.2±2.5 days. Seventeen patients were NYHA class I while 2 patients were NYHA class II. No cases of residual shunts, device embolization, infective endocarditis, or aortic regurgitation were observed during a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 16–84 months). CONCLUSIONS: In appropriately selected cases with RSVA, TMIC is an attractive alternative to surgery, with a high technical success rate and encouraging short-term and mid-term outcomes. However, long-term follow-up is needed.

The snake rolling for the heavy plate rolling has been verified that it can refine the grain and solve the problem of insufficient deformation in the center of the plate to some extent. The effective strain along the thickness is mainly obtained by the finite element method and the experiments which cost a long time and great material resources. A theoretical model of the effective strain is required to solve the problem. The metal flow model including the shear deformation is established according to the actual asymmetric distribution of stress and strain in the deformation zone. The parabolic roll gap inlet boundary equation is proposed according to the kinematic characteristics of plate rolling. The plastic deformation power, shear power and friction power models are established according to the first variational principle of the rigid plasticity and the principle of virtual velocity. The analytic model to calculate the effective strain of the snake rolling has been established by the principle of minimum energy and the theory of continuum mechanics. The model accuracy has also been verified by the finite element method and the experiments. The minimum and the maximum relative error is 1.33% and 13.44% which is acceptable for industrial applications. This research will provide an important guidance for the process and process parameters setup.

The micro-electrolysis is an efficient and green method for the treatment of dye wastewater, but the passivation of the material limits its development, therefore, a novel magnetic levitation iron-carbon micro-electrolysis...

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common complication of diabetes. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced changes of protein in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) are critical for DNP genesis. However, which proteins change remains elusive. Here, the DNP model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ, accompanied by increased fasting blood glucose (FBG), decreased body weight (BW), and decreased paw withdrawal latency (PWL). Proteins change in L4-L6 DRGs and SCDH of rats were detected. Western blot and immunofluorescence results showed that expression levels of phosphorylated protein kinase C (p-PKC), transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the DRG and the SCDH of rats were increased after STZ injection. A preliminary study from our previous study showed that 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) effectively alleviates DNP. However, the analgesic mechanism of EA needs further elucidation. Here, EA at the bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and KunLun (BL60) acupoints was applied for one week, and to investigate the effect on DNP. EA reversed thermal hyperalgesia in DNP rats and downregulated the expression of p-PKC, TRPV1, SP, and CGRP in DRG and SCDH.

This study aimed to explore the clinical value of ultrasonic Doppler examination and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) in the circulation of septic acute kidney injury (AKI).Patients with intensive care unit-related infection were divided into AKI group and control groups. The AKI group was divided into three subgroups according to the serum creatinine value: stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3. Relevant parameters and blood flow of the renal artery were measured, and further contrast-enhanced US was performed and time-intensity curve was analyzed.The renal blood flow (RBF) and time-averaged velocity decreased significantly in the AKI group compared with the control group (p = .021 and p = .001). The peak value decreased and time to peak (TTP) prolonged in the AKI group (p .001). With the aggravation of the disease, the RBF decreased slightly among subgroups (p = 0.124). However, the peak value gradually decreased and the TTP prolonged (all p .05). The multiple linear regression model showed that only PI, RI, and TTP were independently and linearly correlated with the serum creatinine value.Doppler US and contrast-enhanced US are of great help in the detection of condition changes and prognosis of patients with sepsis-induced AKI.

To analyze the intellectual landscape and emerging research trends of Chinese medicine (CM) in the management of pediatric asthma through a scientometric study.Publications related to CM in the management of pediatric asthma were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection using relevant keywords. A scientometric study was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer.A total of 1,673 original articles and reviews from 1991 to 2019 were included in the analysis. The amount of annual publications had a gradual increase with time. USA was the major contributor both in country and institution analyses. Based on the co-citation, the published journals were grouped into 4 clusters. Keyword analysis indicated that the main hotspots were: (1) comprehensive management; (2) risk factors, mechanism, and prevalence; (3) prevention and treatment; (4) inflammation; and (5) environmental research. Lastly, we predicted that three emerging trends were quality of life promotion, immune response, and combination therapy.CM research in the management of pediatric asthma will maintain the current trend of steady growth. This scientometric analysis may help scientists to identify the areas of interests and future directions in the field.

1H-Perimidine (PMD) and 1H-perimidine-2-thiol (SPMD) were developed as inhibitors for reinforcing steel in a simulated concrete pore (SCP) solution. Electrochemical measurements, contact angle experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantum chemical calculations were used to investigate the corrosion performance and adsorption mechanisms. The experimental results showed that owing to the structure of SPMD containing a 2-position sulfhydryl group, SPMD is superior to PMD as a corrosion inhibitor for HRB400 reinforced steel in the SCP solution, and its corrosion efficiency can reach more than 80%. Moreover, the introduction of nitrogen and sulfur atoms into the inhibitor not only can coordinate with Fe atoms to form strong bonds but also is useful for preventing charge transfer in the metal corrosion process. More importantly, the perimidine derivatives can spontaneously adsorb on iron, and the adsorption process obeys the Langmuir isotherm. The research results show that the perimidine derivatives can improve the durability of concrete structures.

Flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs) are one of the most promising power sources for aerospace aircraft due to their attractive advantages with high power-per-weight ratio and excellent mechanical flexibility. Understanding the performance and stability of high-performance FOSCs is essential for the further development of FOSCs for aerospace applications. In this paper, after systematic investigations on the performance of the state-of-the-art high-performance solar cells under thermal cycle and intensive UV irradiation conditions, in situ performance and stability tests of the solar cells in the 35 km stratospheric environment were carried out through a high-altitude balloon uploading. The encapsulated FOSCs with an area of 0.64 cm2 gave the highest power density of 15.26 mW/cm2 and an efficiency over 11%, corresponding to a power-per-weight ratio of over 3.32 kW/kg. More importantly, the cells showed stable power output during the 3-h continuous flight at 35 km and only 10% performance decay after return to the lab, suggesting promising stability of the FOSCs in the stratospheric environment.

To estimate the effects of school closures and associated lifestyle changes on myopia in Chinese children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Two cross-sectional surveys recruited 14,296 Chinese students aged 7 to 18 years in November 2019 and June 2020 from which an open cohort study (nested queue design) was derived and used to assess myopia prevalence, incidence, and progression rates (defined as students with progression in myopia severity at the second survey wave among those with myopia at baseline). The severity of myopia was determined by measurements of visual acuity (5.0) and noncycloplegic refraction (spherical equivalent-0.50 diopters). Twenty-three myopia-influencing factors were divided into three categories: eye-use habits, lifestyle, and family and subjective factors. Responses to each of these 23 factors were labeled as either positive or negative options and then combined to generate a comprehensive score.Boys and girls were equally represented (50%) and had the same average age (11.5 years) at each wave. The myopia prevalence increased from 48.2% to 60.0%, with 27.1% myopia incidence and 13.2% myopia progression rates for Chinese children and adolescents. Each of the 23 factors was associated with myopia prevalence but had no significant effect on myopia incidence or progression. However, these 23 factors had a cumulative effect on myopia risks; higher scores were associated with more positive factors and lower risk ratios of myopia and vice versa. Except for the progression rate, the myopia prevalence and incidence and risk ratios decreased with higher comprehensive scores.School closures during the COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of myopia in Chinese children and adolescents due to the accumulation of poor eyesight habits, unhealthy lifestyles, and excessive screen time.Rather than focusing on single risk factors for myopia, future myopia prevention strategies should focus on integrating multiple comprehensive approaches across schools, families, and communities.

Geological disaster rockburst occurred frequently in deep and high stress engineering, which affects the safe and efficient construction of the project seriously. A successful rockburst monitoring and warning example is of great significance to rockburst risk control. In this paper, a case study of rockburst monitoring and warning in deep tunnels with complex geological environment in Himalaya was given. The complex geological environment background of the project, implementation of rockburst monitoring, microseismicity monitored, microseismicity in the rockburst development process, rockburst warning method and warning results in the deep tunnels were described. The successful application of rockburst monitoring and warning under the complex geological environment in Himalaya shows that it is feasible for rockburst risk mitigation. The result will be helpful for rockburst monitoring, warning and risk mitigation in similar deep and complex engineering.

Many problems exist in the layout of working surfaces in high-gas mines, such as the low efficiency of roadway excavation, difficulties in maintenance after excavation, and serious resource wastes due to difficulties in recovering coal pillars between roadways. Taking the project profile in the west wing mining area of Sihe Coal Mine as the background, this work proposed an optimization plan for the staggered-layer arrangement of roadways. The minimum retained size of the coal pillar was calculated through theoretical analysis, and the plastic failure and deformations of surrounding rocks under different coal pillar sizes and roadway layouts were compared based on finite difference numerical simulations. The reasonable retained size of the coal pillar was determined to be 45 m, and the roadway layout was determined according to the distribution of coal and rock strata in the mining field. The technical measures of base angle pressure relief blasting and strengthening support were proposed to ensure the safety and stability of surrounding rocks of roadways during the service period after the layout plan was optimized. Similar simulation tests were used to study the damage deformations and stress changes of the blasting pressure relief floor. On-site tests showed that the optimized roadway layout greatly improved the recovery rate of coal resources. In addition, surrounding rocks had good stability, and they could be simply repaired or serve the next working surface directly without being repaired. These research results provide a scientific basis and useful reference for similar projects.

To investigate associations between fruit consumption and lipid profiles, and to further explore a satisfactory level of frequency and daily fruit intake for children and adolescents. A national sample of 14,755 children and adolescents aged 5–19 years from seven provinces in China were recruited. Fasting blood samples were collected to test the lipid profile. Information regarding fruit consumption and other characteristics was collected by questionnaires. Logistic regression models adjusting for confounding covariates were applied to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Participants who consumed fruits for 6–7 days per week had lower risks of high triglycerides (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.58–0.75), dyslipidemia (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68–0.86), and hyperlipidemia (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.63–0.81), compared to fruit consumption of 0–2 days per week. Risks of high triglycerides, dyslipidemia and hyperlipidemia of those who consumed fruits for 0.75–1.5 servings each day also decreased, compared to the insufficient fruit intake. The combined effects of high frequency and moderate daily intake of fruit on lipid disorders did not change essentially. The associations were more evident in girls, younger children and those whose families had higher educational levels. Moderate fruit consumption was associated with lower odds of lipid disorders, predominantly in girls, younger participants, and those came from higher-educated families. These findings supported the health effect of moderate fruit intake frequently to improve the childhood lipid profiles.

To observe the effect of different intensities of electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning on car-diac function and polarization state of macrophages in mice with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI), so as to explore its possible mechanism underlying improvement of AMI.A total of 50 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham ope-ration, AMI model, and EA pretreatment groups (0.5 mA, 1 mA, 3 mA subgroups), with 10 mice in each group/subgroup. The mice in the EA pretreatment groups were subjected to EA stimulation of bilateral "Neiguan"(PC6) with 0.5, 1.0 and 3 mA respectively and frequency of 2 Hz/15 Hz for 20 min, once a day, for 3 days. The acute myocardial ischemia model was established by ligating the anterior descending branch (ADB) of the left coronary artery, while the sham operation only had a surgical suture trans-passed below the ADB but without ligation. The myocardial infarction area was measured after TTC staining, and the cardiac function ［left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), short-axis contraction rate (FS)］ was detected by using echocardiography. The M1 macrophages were labeled with CD11b+F480+CD206Compared with the sham operation group, the model group had a significant increase in the infarction area (EA preconditioning with electrical current intensities of 0.5 mA, 1 mA and 3 mA can effectively reduce myocardial infarction size, improve cardiac function in mice with AMI, which may be related with its effects in reducing the number of cardiac macrophages and down-regulating the expression of myocardial IL-1β, TNF-α and TLR4 proteins. The therapeutic effect of 1 mA is better than that of 0.5 and 3 mA.

Organic solar cells are a current research hotspot in the energy field because of their advantages of lightness, translucency, roll to roll printing and building integration. With the rapid development of small molecule acceptor materials with high-performance, the efficiency of organic solar cells has been greatly improved. Further improving the device efficiency and stability and reducing the cost of active layer materials will contribute to the industrial development of organic solar cells. As a novel type of carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots gradually show great application potential in the field of organic solar cells due to their advantages of low preparation cost, non-toxicity and excellent photoelectric performance. Firstly, the synthesis and classification of carbon dots are briefly introduced. Secondly, the photoelectric properties of carbon dots and their adjusting, including adjustable surface energy level structure, good film-forming performance and up/down conversion characteristics are summarized. Thirdly, based on these intrinsic properties, the feasibility and advantages of carbon dots used in organic solar cells are discussed. Fourthly, the application progress of carbon dots in the active layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, interface modification layer and down-conversion materials of organic solar cells is also reviewed. Finally, the application progress of carbon dots in organic solar cells is prospected. Several further research directions, including in-depth exploration of the controllable preparation of carbon dots and their application in the fields of interface layer and up/down conversion for improving efficiency and stability of device are pointed out.

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health threat and the leading infectious disease cause of death worldwide. Access to and retention in TB care remains a challenge for patients, particularly those living in rural and remote settings. This qualitative study explored barriers and facilitators to accessing and maintaining contact with TB care services in communities in Xigaze (Shigatse) prefecture, Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibet Autonomous Region), China from the perspective of persons impacted by TB. Methods We conduced in-depth interviews with 23 participants impacted by TB in four rural districts in Xigaze prefecture, Xizang Autonomous Region, China between April 2019 and November 2020. Interviews were conducted in Tibetan and Mandarin, transcribed in Mandarin and translated into English. Transcripts were checked against recordings by native Tibetan and Mandarin speakers. QSR NVivo12 software was used for framework analysis guided by an access to care conceptual framework by Levesque et al. Results Overall patients reported low awareness of and an indifferent attitude towards TB, although all reported understanding the need to adhere to treatment. Participants reported complex pathways to care, often requiring visits to multiple healthcare facilities. Some participants reported visiting traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM) providers. Participants reported various barriers to accessing care including challenges physically reaching care, out-of-pocket payments for tests, diagnostics and transport. Barriers to maintaining care included medication side effects and worry about treatment effectiveness. Enablers to accessing care identified included knowledge or past experience with TB, integrated models of TTM and western care, supportive village doctors who conducted home visits, free TB treatment and other subsidies, as well as having family support with care and social support as barriers and facilitators to maintaining treatment. Conclusions We identified barriers and facilitators to accessing services in rural communities in Xigaze from the perspective of persons impacted by TB. Challenges include complex pathways to care, travel distances, wait times and low awareness. Tuberculosis care in the region could be strengthened by ongoing culturally tailored educational campaigns to increase awareness, partnerships with TTM providers, providing comprehensive treatment subsidies and strengthening the role of family members in comprehensive TB care. Graphic abstract

The interaction between plants and microbes dominates plant growth and fitness in specific environments. The study of the relationship between plant genotypes and rhizobacterial community structure would provide a deep insight into the recruitment strategies of plants toward soil bacteria. In this study, three genotypes of 18-year-old mature poplar (H1, H2, and H3) derived from four different parents were selected from a germplasm nursery of Populus deltoides. Rhizosphere soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus properties as well as the 16S rDNA sequences of rhizobacterial communities were analyzed to determine the relationship between poplar genotypes and rhizobacterial communities assembly. The results showed there were significant differences in the diversity (Chao1, ACE index, and Shannon index) of rhizobacterial communities between H1 and H2, as well as between H2 and H3, but no difference between H1 and H3. Principal component analysis also revealed a similar structure of rhizobacterial communities between H1 and H3, whereas the rhizobacterial communities of H2 demonstrated significant differences from H1 and H3. Linear discriminant effect size analysis indicated that there were 11 and 14 different biomarkers in the H1 and H3 genotype, respectively, but 42 in the H2 genotype. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that the rhizobacterial communities of H2 had a distinct network structure compared to those of the other two genotypes, whereas H1 and H3 had a similar pattern of co-occurrence network. Threshold indicator taxa analysis revealed that 63 genera responded significantly to NO3–-N content and 58 genera to NH4+-N/NO3–-N ratio. Moreover, the stochastic assembly process was found to be decreased with increasing NO3–-N content and fluctuated with increasing NH4+-N/NO3–-N ratio. All results indicated that the structure of poplar rhizobacterial communities were influenced by host genotypes, and available nitrogen might play a dominant role in the assembly of rhizobacterial communities. This study would promote the future selection and utilization of rhizobacteria in poplar breeding.

The present single-center retrospective clinical real-world study aimed to assess the feasibility and outcomes of patients who underwent simultaneous prostate biopsy and general urological surgeries. The medical records of 49 patients who underwent prostate biopsy and general urological surgeries simultaneously from October 2016 to June 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' outcomes were evaluated 3 days, 1 month and 6 months after biopsy. Of the 49 biopsy cases, 41 were treated by transurethral prostatectomy, two by ureteroscopic lithotripsy, two by laparoscopic renal cyst decortication, two by cystostomy and two by ureteral stent extraction. The overall detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer was 22.4%. The rate in patients with a prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) score of 4-5 was 100%, while in cases with a PI-RADS score of

This work focused on the serious coal compression under buildings, railways, and water bodies in central and eastern China; the wide range of rock formation damage during the collapse mining process; the high pressure of mines; and difficulties in controlling surface subsidence after mining. The E1302 working face of Shanxi Gaohe Energy was taken as the engineering background in the work. The mechanical properties of gangue paste-filling materials were studied through laboratory tests, and the critical conditions for bending and fracture of the coal seam roof were analyzed. Discrete-element numerical simulation software was used to study the fracturing process of the roof, and the reasonable filling rate to ensure roof stability was determined to be 95%. Meanwhile, overlying stratum movement and mine-pressure weakening law were studied through numerical simulations and field measurement. The results showed that fracture development during the mining process of thick-coal paste filling was divided into the advanced development, re-compaction, and steady-state maintenance of fractures. Fractures advanced in a “sail shape” and developed only in the main-roof rock strata after recompaction. The maximum subsidence angle of the working face was 87.13° after mining, with a subsidence factor of 0.034 and a maximum horizontal movement coefficient of 0.71. The advanced stress value was weakened by 40%, and the influenced area was reduced by 13%. Overlying stratum movement was controlled, and mine pressures were significantly weakened. The work can provide a scientific basis for green backfill mining, roadway support design, and backfill mining equipment selection.

We aimed to explore associations between the accessibility of fast-food restaurants (FFRs) and weight-related outcomes in children and adolescents through a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies. We searched three databases for studies published before October 21, 2022. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health's Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Meta-analysis was performed, and the leave-one-out method was used for sensitivity analysis. A total of 60 studies were included. According to our analysis, FFRs within a smaller buffer radius from residences or that provide unhealthy foods may have a more significant influence on children's and adolescents' weight. Children of younger ages and girls may have a higher possibility of being overweight due to FFRs. Though we could hardly avoid bias, the estimates in low-and middle-income countries (only six studies) are much higher than those in high-income countries (54 studies). More research analyses based on microscope data and individual economic levels are needed. This study yields quantitative results, provides policymakers and urban planners with a theoretical support for building resilient and sustainable human settlements, and promotes the translation of research findings from public health to environmental planning.

Background Cuproptosis is a recently discovered method of copper-induced cell death that serves an essential part in the progression and spread of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Multiple studies have found that lncRNAs, or long non-coding RNAs, are strongly correlated with the outcome for STAD patients. However, the nature of the connection between cuproptosis and lncRNAs in STAD is still not completely understood. Our study set out to create a predictive hallmark of STAD based on lncRNAs associated with cuproptosis, with the hope that this would allow for more accurate prediction of STAD outcomes. Methods We retrieved the transcriptional profile of STAD as well as clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) were gathered through the highest level of original research and complemented with information from the available literature. We constructed a risk model using co-expression network analysis, Cox regression analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis to identify lncRNAs associated with cuproptosis, and then validated its performance in a validation set. Survival study, progression-free survival analysis (PFS), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Cox regression analysis, nomograms, clinicopathological characteristic correlation analysis, and principal components analysis were used to evaluate the signature's prognostic utility. Additionally, ssGSEA algorithms, KEGG, and GO were employed to assess biological functions. The tumor mutational burden (TMB) and tumor immune dysfunction and rejection (TIDE) scores were utilized in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the immunotherapy. Results In order to construct predictive models, nine distinct lncRNAs (AC087521.1, AP003498.2, AC069234.5, LINC01094, AC019080.1, BX890604.1, AC005041.3, DPP4-DT, AL356489.2, AL139147.1) were identified. The Kaplan-Meier and ROC curves, which were applied to both the training and testing sets of the TCGA, provided evidence that the signature contained a sufficient amount of predictive potential. The signature was shown to contain risk indicators that were independent of the other clinical variables, as demonstrated by the findings of a Cox regression and a stratified survival analysis. The ssGSEA study provided additional evidence that predictive variables were highly connected with the immunological condition of STAD patients. Surprisingly, the combination of high risk and high TMB reduced survival time for patients. A worse prognosis for the immune checkpoint blockade response was also suggested by the fact that patients in the high-risk group had higher TIDE scores. Conclusion The potential clinical uses of the identified risk profiles for the 10 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs include the assessment of the prognosis and molecular profile of STAD patients and the creation of more targeted therapy strategies.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) longevity is nowadays the bottleneck for their full commercial exploitation. Although lot of research is ongoing, the initial decay of the output power - an effect known as "burn-in" degradation happening in the first 100 h - is still unavoidable, significantly reducing the overall performance (typically of20%). In this paper, the origin of the "burn-in" degradation in n-i-p type PSCs is demonstrated that is directly related to Li

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), which are favorable to form intimate interfacial contacts with electrodes, are promising electrolyte of choice for long-cycling lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, typical SPEs with easily oxidized oxygen-bearing polar groups exhibit narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW), making it impractical to increase specific capacity and energy density of SPE based LMBs with charging cut-off voltage of 4.5 V or higher. Here, a polyfluorinated crosslinker has been applied to enhance oxidation resistance of SPEs via inductive electron-withdrawing effect of polyfluorinated segments transmitted through crosslinked networks. As a result, polyfluorinated crosslinked SPE exhibits a wide ESW, and the Li|SPE|LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cell with a cutoff voltage of 4.5 V delivers a high discharge specific capacity of ~ 164.19 mAh g− 1 at 0.5 C and capacity retention of ~ 90% after 200 cycles. This work opens a new direction in developing SPEs for long-cycling high-voltage LMBs by using polyfluorinated crosslinking strategy.

Background Sinularin, a natural product that purified from soft coral, exhibits anti-tumor effects against various human cancers. However, the mechanisms are not well understood. Methods The inhibition of cell viability by Sinularin on human prostate cancer cells were detected by MTS assay. Flow cytometry, selective caspase inhibitors, western blot, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, Δψm) analysis and preparation of subcellular fractions were used to detect Sinularin-induced tumor cell intrinsic apoptosis. Immunofluorescence staining analysed FOXO3 protein level and subcellular localization. FOXO3 ubiquitination and protein interction between FOXO3 and 14-3-3 were detected by immunoprecipitation. The specific protein kinase activators (unique specific AKT activator SC79, selective ERK1/2 activator TBHQ) were used to reveal whether Sinularin stabilized and up-regulated FOXO3 via AKT and ERK1/2-mediated FOXO3 phosphorylation. Results Sinularin inhibited the viability of human prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner but did not show significant toxicity against normal prostate epithelial cell RWPE-1. Flow cytometry assay demonstrated that Sinularin induced tumor cell apoptosis. Further investigations revealed that Sinularin exerted anti-tumor activity through intrinsic apoptotic pathway along with up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and PUMA, inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, mitochondrial membrane potential collapses, and release of mitochondrial proteins. Furthermore, we illustrated that Sinularin induced cell apoptosis via up-regulating PUMA through inhibition of FOXO3 degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. To explore how Sinularin suppress FOXO3 ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, we tested two important protein kinases AKT and ERK1/2 that regulate FOXO3 stabilization. The results revealed that Sinularin stabilized and up-regulated FOXO3 via inhibition of AKT- and ERK1/2-mediated FOXO3 phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. Conclusions Our findings illustrated the potential mechanisms by which Sinularin induced cell apoptosis and Sinularin may be applied as a therapeutic agent for human prostate cancer.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) combined with diabetes mellitus (DM) seriously reduce the quality of life of patients, currently there is still no effective treatment. Our study explores the feasibility of GLP-1 in the treatment of major depressive disorder combined with diabetes mellitus. We aimed to assess the protective effects of GLP-1 on mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 cultured with corticosterone (CORT) and high glucose (HG). HT22 cells were cultured with CORT + HG to construct cell model of MDD combined with DM. After treatment with GLP-1, cell viability detected by CCK-8 assay, cell apoptosis/necrocytosis detected by flow cytometry/confocal laser scanning microscopy, BDNF and neurotransmitter levels in culture supernatants measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, LDH and glucose levels in culture supernatants measured via colorimetric assay, and proteins of cAMP-CREB-BDNF signal pathway measured by colorimetric assay Western blot. To construct cell model of MDD combined with DM, the ideal intervention combination are CORT 200µM and HG 50mM for 48 hours. After treatment of 50nM GLP-1 for 48 hours, the apoptosis rate and necrocytosis rate of model + 50nM GLP-1 group decreased significantly compared with the model group. The concentration of BDNF, neurotransmitter (5-HT, DA, NE), PKA, p-CREB and p-Trkb in culture supernatants of model + 50nM GLP-1 group increased significantly compared with the model group. The concentration of grouse and LDH in culture supernatants of model + 50nM GLP-1 group decreased significantly compared with the model group. GLP-1 against CORT + HG-induced toxicity by activating cAMP-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in hippocampal neuronal cell.

High gassy mines have low recovery rates of coal resources in the stoping of high-seam coal resources in addition to difficulties in the gas control of the working face and gas accumulation in the goaf and upper corner. Pillar-free gob-side entry-retaining technology was combined with the high-pumping roadway for gas control in the goaf based on the W1319 working face in the Gaohe Coal Mine. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation were used to derive the width of the reserved coal pillar in the high-gas pillar-free working face and the horizon of the high-pumping roadway. The location of the high-pumping roadway was determined in combination with the on-site investigation. Numerical simulations were used to compare the plastic failures and deformations of surrounding rocks in the cases of non-roof-cutting, roof cutting, and reinforced roof cutting. It could solve large and uncontrolled surrounding rock deformations of the gob-side entry-retaining technology and return airway in the stoping of the working face. The plasticizing zone and surrounding rock deformation of the gob-side entry-retaining technology were weakened in the case of roof cutting. However, the surrounding-rock failure of the return airway was not significantly weakened. The plastic failure of surrounding rocks in the gob-side entry-retaining technology and return airway weakened after the roof-cutting pressure relief and grouting reinforcement, and deformations reduced greatly. The surrounding-rock control measures of roof-cutting pressure relief and grouting reinforcement were determined. The gob-side entry-retaining technology had small surrounding-rock deformations in the advance of the working face, which verified the reliability of numerical simulations and the feasibility of the technical measures of roof-cutting pressure relief and grouting reinforcement. Meanwhile, the high-pumping roadway had a good drainage effect to avoid gas accumulation in the goaf, which provides a reference for the mining of high-seam coal resources.

With the continuous breakthrough of the efficiency of organic photovoltaics (OPVs), their practical applications are on the agenda. However, the thickness tolerance and upscaling in recently reported high-efficiency devices remains challenging. In this work, the multiphase morphology and desired carrier behaviors are realized by utilizing a quaternary strategy. Notably, the exciton separation, carrier mobility, and carrier lifetime are enhanced significantly, the carrier recombination and the energy loss (E

Background: Shift work is becoming increasingly common worldwide. Shift work disrupts the body’s normal circadian rhythm, which could lead to an increased risk of many chronic diseases through the dysregulation of normal physiological, behavioral, and psychosocial pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of shift work on type 2 diabetes(T2DM) and Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) level. Methods: This study adopted the method of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. 1499 oilfield workers in the OHSPIW cohort who participated in the occupational health examination from March 2017 to June 2018 were randomly selected. We evaluated their shift work, sleep quality, T2DM status with questionnaires and plasma RBP4 levels in blood samples. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The prevalence rate of T2DM in shift workers (6.56%) was significantly higher than that in day workers (4.21%) (OR=1.599, 95%CI:1.010-2.533), and there was no significant difference in family history of diabetes, hypertension and other chronic heart diseases (P =0.378). The total score of the PSQI was distinctly higher in shift workers (6.89 ± 3.35) than that in day workers (5.99 ± 2.87) (P < 0.001). Adjusting for age, gender, BMI, family income, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and PSQI, shift work remained to be a risk factor for T2DM (OR=1.913, 95%CI: 1.167-3.135). The results of pairwise comparison showed that the levels of RBP4 were statistical difference in shift and non-shift without T2DM and shift and non-shift with T2DM group (P < 0.001). The RBP4 level of the shift group without T2DM was higher than the non-shift group without T2DM (P < 0.05). The levels of RBP4 in shift and non-shift group with T2DM was higher than shift and non-shift group without T2DM (P < 0.05). The multivariate linear mixed model showed that when age, gender, BMI, diabetes, PSQI, family income, smoking and drinking remained unchanged, the RBP4 level of the shift workers increased by an average of 9.51μg/mL compared with that of the day workers.Conclusions: Shift work is associated with an increased risk of T2DM and high levels of RBP4. Follow-up of RBP4 may help early detection of T2DM in shift workers.