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201. Addition of multiple limiting resources reduces grassland diversity

Author

Harpole, W. Stanley, primary, Sullivan, Lauren L., additional, Lind, Eric M., additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Adler, Peter B., additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Chase, Jonathan, additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Williams, Ryan, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Cadotte, Marc W., additional, Chaneton, Enrique J., additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Cleland, Elsa E., additional, D’Antonio, Carla, additional, Davies, Kendi F., additional, Gruner, Daniel S., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Kirkman, Kevin, additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, La Pierre, Kimberly J., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Morgan, John W., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schuetz, Martin, additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, and Wragg, Peter D., additional

Published
2016
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206. Comment on “Worldwide evidence of a unimodal relationship between productivity and plant species richness”

Author

Tredennick, Andrew T., primary, Adler, Peter B., additional, Grace, James B., additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Anderson, T. Michael, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Biederman, Lori A., additional, Brown, Cynthia S., additional, Buckley, Yvonne M., additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Crawley, Michael J., additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Gruner, Daniel S., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Hector, Andy, additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, Kirkman, Kevin, additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, Laungani, Ramesh, additional, Lind, Eric M., additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Mitchell, Charles E., additional, Moore, Joslin L, additional, Morgan, John W., additional, Orrock, John L., additional, Peri, Pablo L., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, Speziale, Karina L., additional, Standish, Rachel J., additional, Sullivan, Lauren L., additional, Wardle, Glenda M., additional, Williams, Ryan J., additional, and Yang, Louie H., additional

Published
2016
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208. Climate adaptation and ecological restoration in eucalypts

Author

Prober, Suzanne M., primary, Potts, Brad M., additional, Bailey, Tanya, additional, Byrne, Margaret, additional, Dillon, Shannon, additional, Harrison, Peter A., additional, Hoffmann, Ary A., additional, Jordan, Rebecca, additional, McLean, Elizabeth H., additional, Steane, Dorothy A., additional, Stock, William D., additional, and Vaillancourt, René E., additional

Published
2016
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209. Plant species origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author

Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Abstract

Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.

Published
2015

210. Plant species' origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands.

Author

Seabloom, Eric W, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi F, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana M, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Dantonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Seabloom, Eric W, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi F, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana M, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Dantonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Abstract

Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species' biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.

Published
2015

211. Multi-century dynamics of ant communities following fire in Mediterranean-climate woodlands: Are changes congruent with vegetation succession?

Author

Gosper, Carl R., Pettit, Magen J., Andersen, Alan N., Yates, Colin J., Prober, Suzanne M., Gosper, Carl R., Pettit, Magen J., Andersen, Alan N., Yates, Colin J., and Prober, Suzanne M.

Abstract

As vegetation recovers after disturbances such as fire its composition and structure systematically changes, affecting the availability of resources for fauna and mediating physical conditions. According to the habitat accommodation model, these changes drive a succession of animal species, which enter and leave according to their habitat requirements. While the response of ants to fire has been extensively studied, studies of ant communities in biomes with long fire-return intervals have been overwhelmingly short-term in nature. Here, we explore the response of ant species, functional groups and communities to time since fire using a uniquely long-term (>300 years) chronosequence in eucalypt woodlands of south-western Australia. Marked non-monotonic vegetation structural changes occur in non-resprouting Eucalyptussalubris-dominated woodlands following fire, with tree and ground fuel cover peaking at intermediate periods post-fire. Hence, we predicted that changes in the occurrence of Dominant Dolichoderinae, Hot-Climate Specialist and Cold-Climate Specialist functional groups would mirror the non-monotonic changes in habitat complexity, as predicted by the habitat accommodation model. Overall ant species richness and composition did not show clear post-fire successional patterns, with extensive spatial turnover a likely factor. However, richness and abundance of ant functional groups broadly responded as predicted, with Dominant Dolichoderinae and Hot-Climate Specialists more prominent in more-open recently-burnt and long-unburnt habitat, and Cold-Climate Specialists more prominent in less open habitat at an intermediate time since fire. This matching, non-monotonic temporal pattern of changes in ant functional groups and vegetation structure suggests that ant functional group occurrence is mediated through changes in habitat, as posited by the habitat accommodation model, and not simply time since disturbance. Current fire management in E. salubris woodlands ai

Published
2015

212. Climate-adjusted provenancing: A strategy for climate-resilient ecological restoration

Author

Prober, Suzanne M., Byrne, Margaret, McLean, Elizabeth H., Steane, Dorothy A., Potts, Brad M., Vaillancourt, Rene E., Stock, William D., Prober, Suzanne M., Byrne, Margaret, McLean, Elizabeth H., Steane, Dorothy A., Potts, Brad M., Vaillancourt, Rene E., and Stock, William D.

Abstract

Investments in ecological restoration are estimated at $US 2 trillion per annum worldwide and are increasing rapidly (Cunningham, 2008; Williams et al., 2014). These investments are occurring in an environment of accelerated climate change that is projected to continue into the next century, yet they currently take little account of such change. This has significant implications for the long-term success of restoration plantings across millions of hectares, with germplasm used in current restoration efforts potentially poorly-adapted to future climates. New approaches that optimize the climate-resilience of these restoration efforts are thus essential (Breed et al., 2013; Williams et al., 2014; Havens et al., 2015)...

Published
2015

213. Genome-wide scans reveal cryptic population structure in a dry-adapted eucalypt [dataset]

Author

Steane, Dorothy A., Potts, Brad M., McLean, Elizabeth, Collins, Lesley, Prober, Suzanne M., Stock, William D., Vaillancourt, René E., Byrne, Margaret, Steane, Dorothy A., Potts, Brad M., McLean, Elizabeth, Collins, Lesley, Prober, Suzanne M., Stock, William D., Vaillancourt, René E., and Byrne, Margaret

Abstract

Genome-wide DArTseq scans of 268 individuals of Eucalyptus salubris, distributed along an aridity gradient in southwestern Australia, revealed cryptic population structure that appears to signal hitherto unappreciated ecotypic differentiation and barriers to gene flow. Genome-wide scans were undertaken on 30 wild-sampled individuals from each of nine populations; 10 individuals per population were measured for habit and functional traits. DArTseq generated 16,122 high-quality markers, of which 56.3 % located to E. grandis chromosomes. Genetic affinities of the nine populations were only weakly correlated with geographic distances. Rather, populations appeared to form two distinct molecular lineages that maintained their distinctiveness in an area of geographic overlap. Twenty-four outlier markers signalled divergent selection and differentiation of the two putative lineages. Populations from the two lineages were phenotypically differentiated in leaf thickness, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nitrogen per unit mass (Nmass). The more northerly lineage (with thinner leaves) occurred in hotter, drier conditions with higher radiation. Populations of the more southerly lineage occurred on soils that were relatively low in phosphorus; the trees had thicker leaves, lower SLA and lower leaf Nmass, consistent with general responses to low nutrient levels. While historic isolation and drift may have contributed to the cryptic population structure observed, there is evidence of ecotypic adaptation, which may provide an exogenous barrier to gene flow. This study highlights the power of new molecular technologies to provide novel insights into the genetic architecture of wild populations.

Published
2015

214. Genome-wide scans detect adaptation to aridity in a widespread forest tree species

Author

Steane, Dorothy A., Potts, Brad M., McClean, Elizabeth, Prober, Suzanne M., Stock, William D., Vaillancourt, René E., Byrne, Margaret, Steane, Dorothy A., Potts, Brad M., McClean, Elizabeth, Prober, Suzanne M., Stock, William D., Vaillancourt, René E., and Byrne, Margaret

Abstract

Patterns of adaptive variation within plant species are best studied through common garden experiments, but these are costly and time-consuming, especially for trees that have long generation times. We explored whether genome-wide scanning technology combined with outlier marker detection could be used to detect adaptation to climate and provide an alternative to common garden experiments. As a case study, we sampled nine provenances of the widespread forest tree species, Eucalyptus tricarpa, across an aridity gradient in southeastern Australia. Using a Bayesian analysis we identified a suite of 94 putatively adaptive (outlying) sequence-tagged markers across the genome. Population-level allele frequencies of these outlier markers were strongly correlated with temperature and moisture availability at the site of origin, and with population differences in functional traits measured in two common gardens. Using the output from a canonical analysis of principal coordinates we devised a metric that provides a holistic measure of genomic adaptation to aridity that could be used to guide assisted migration or genetic augmentation.

Published
2015

215. Grassland productivity limited by multiple nutrients

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Fay, Philip A., Prober, Suzanne M., Harpole, W. Stanley, Knops, Johannes M H, Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., Seabloom, Eric W., Wragg, Peter D., Adler, Peter B., Blumenthal, Dana M., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Davies, Kendi F., Du, Guozhen, Feng, Xiaohui, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Jin, Virginia L., Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia, Ladwig, Laura M., Li, Qi, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Wedin, David A., Yang, Louie H., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Fay, Philip A., Prober, Suzanne M., Harpole, W. Stanley, Knops, Johannes M H, Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., Seabloom, Eric W., Wragg, Peter D., Adler, Peter B., Blumenthal, Dana M., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Davies, Kendi F., Du, Guozhen, Feng, Xiaohui, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Jin, Virginia L., Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia, Ladwig, Laura M., Li, Qi, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Wedin, David A., and Yang, Louie H.

Published
2015

216. Plant species origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Published
2015

217. Plant diversity predicts beta but not alpha diversity of soil microbes across grasslands worldwide

Author

Prober, Suzanne M., Leff, Jonathan W., Bates, Scott T., Borer, Elizabeth T., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Lind, Eric M., Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Bakker, Jonathan D., Cleland, Elsa E., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., DeLorenze, Elizabeth, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Kirkman, Kevin P., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Mitchell, Charles E., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Williams, Ryan J., Fierer, Noah, Prober, Suzanne M., Leff, Jonathan W., Bates, Scott T., Borer, Elizabeth T., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Lind, Eric M., Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Bakker, Jonathan D., Cleland, Elsa E., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., DeLorenze, Elizabeth, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Kirkman, Kevin P., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Mitchell, Charles E., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Williams, Ryan J., and Fierer, Noah

Abstract

Aboveground-belowground interactions exert critical controls on the composition and function of terrestrial ecosystems, yet the fundamental relationships between plant diversity and soil microbial diversity remain elusive. Theory predicts predominantly positive associations but tests within single sites have shown variable relationships, and associations between plant and microbial diversity across broad spatial scales remain largely unexplored. We compared the diversity of plant, bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in one hundred and forty-five 1m(2) plots across 25 temperate grassland sites from four continents. Across sites, the plant alpha diversity patterns were poorly related to those observed for any soil microbial group. However, plant beta diversity (compositional dissimilarity between sites) was significantly correlated with the beta diversity of bacterial and fungal communities, even after controlling for environmental factors. Thus, across a global range of temperate grasslands, plant diversity can predict patterns in the composition of soil microbial communities, but not patterns in alpha diversity.

Published
2015

218. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local grassland primary production worldwide

Author

Stevens, Carly J., Lind, Eric M., Hautier, Yann, Harpole, W. Stanley, Borer, Elizabeth T., Hobbie, Sarah, Seabloom, Eric W., Ladwig, Laura, Bakker, Jonathan D., Chu, Chengjin, Collins, Scott, Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Hillebrand, Helmut, Pierre, Kimberly J. La, Macdougall, Andrew, Melbourne, Brett, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Morgan, John, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Wragg, Peter D., Stevens, Carly J., Lind, Eric M., Hautier, Yann, Harpole, W. Stanley, Borer, Elizabeth T., Hobbie, Sarah, Seabloom, Eric W., Ladwig, Laura, Bakker, Jonathan D., Chu, Chengjin, Collins, Scott, Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Hillebrand, Helmut, Pierre, Kimberly J. La, Macdougall, Andrew, Melbourne, Brett, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Morgan, John, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, and Wragg, Peter D.

Abstract

Humans dominate many important Earth system processes including the nitrogen (N) cycle. Atmospheric N deposition affects fundamental processes such as carbon cycling, climate regulation, and biodiversity, and could result in changes to fundamental Earth system processes such as primary production. Both modelling and experimentation have suggested a role for anthropogenically altered N deposition in increasing productivity, nevertheless, current understanding of the relative strength of N deposition with respect to other controls on production such as edaphic conditions and climate is limited. Here we use an international multiscale data set to show that atmospheric N deposition is positively correlated to aboveground net primary production (ANPP) observed at the 1-m2 level across a wide range of herbaceous ecosystems. N deposition was a better predictor than climatic drivers and local soil conditions, explaining 16% of observed variation in ANPP globally with an increase of 1 kg N·ha−1·yr−1 increasing ANPP by 3%. Soil pH explained 8% of observed variation in ANPP while climatic drivers showed no significant relationship. Our results illustrate that the incorporation of global N deposition patterns in Earth system models are likely to substantially improve estimates of primary production in herbaceous systems. In herbaceous systems across the world, humans appear to be partially driving local ANPP through impacts on the N cycle.

Published
2015

219. Consistent responses of soil microbial communities to elevated nutrient inputs in grasslands across the globe

Author

Leff, Jonathan W., Jones, Stuart E., Prober, Suzanne M., Barberán, Albert, Borer, Elizabeth T., Firn, Jennifer L., Harpole, W. Stanley, Hobbie, Sarah E., Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Knops, Johannes M. H., Mcculley, Rebecca L., La Pierre, Kimberly, Risch, Anita C., Seabloom, Eric W., Schütz, Martin, Steenbock, Christopher, Stevens, Carly J., Fierer, Noah, Leff, Jonathan W., Jones, Stuart E., Prober, Suzanne M., Barberán, Albert, Borer, Elizabeth T., Firn, Jennifer L., Harpole, W. Stanley, Hobbie, Sarah E., Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Knops, Johannes M. H., Mcculley, Rebecca L., La Pierre, Kimberly, Risch, Anita C., Seabloom, Eric W., Schütz, Martin, Steenbock, Christopher, Stevens, Carly J., and Fierer, Noah

Abstract

Soil microorganisms are critical to ecosystem functioning and the maintenance of soil fertility. However, despite global increases in the inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to ecosystems due to human activities, we lack a predictive understanding of how microbial communities respond to elevated nutrient inputs across environmental gradients. Here we used high-throughput sequencing of marker genes to elucidate the responses of soil fungal, archaeal, and bacterial communities using an N and P addition experiment replicated at 25 globally distributed grassland sites. We also sequenced metagenomes from a subset of the sites to determine how the functional attributes of bacterial communities change in response to elevated nutrients. Despite strong compositional differences across sites, microbial communities shifted in a consistent manner with N or P additions, and the magnitude of these shifts was related to the magnitude of plant community responses to nutrient inputs. Mycorrhizal fungi and methanogenic archaea decreased in relative abundance with nutrient additions, as did the relative abundances of oligotrophic bacterial taxa. The metagenomic data provided additional evidence for this shift in bacterial life history strategies because nutrient additions decreased the average genome sizes of the bacterial community members and elicited changes in the relative abundances of representative functional genes. Our results suggest that elevated N and P inputs lead to predictable shifts in the taxonomic and functional traits of soil microbial communities, including increases in the relative abundances of faster-growing, copiotrophic bacterial taxa, with these shifts likely to impact belowground ecosystems worldwide.

Published
2015

220. Genome-wide scans detect adaptation to aridity in a widespread forest tree species [dataset]

Author

Steane, Dorothy A., Potts, Brad M., McClean, Elizabeth, Prober, Suzanne M., Stock, William D., Vaillancourt, René E., Byrne, Margaret, Steane, Dorothy A., Potts, Brad M., McClean, Elizabeth, Prober, Suzanne M., Stock, William D., Vaillancourt, René E., and Byrne, Margaret

Abstract

Patterns of adaptive variation within plant species are best studied through common garden experiments, but these are costly and time-consuming, especially for trees that have long generation times. We explored whether genome-wide scanning technology combined with outlier marker detection could be used to detect adaptation to climate and provide an alternative to common garden experiments. As a case study, we sampled nine provenances of the widespread forest tree species, Eucalyptus tricarpa, across an aridity gradient in southeastern Australia. Using a Bayesian analysis we identified a suite of 94 putatively adaptive (outlying) sequence-tagged markers across the genome. Population-level allele frequencies of these outlier markers were strongly correlated with temperature and moisture availability at the site of origin, and with population differences in functional traits measured in two common gardens. Using the output from a canonical analysis of principal coordinates we devised a metric that provides a holistic measure of genomic adaptation to aridity that could be used to guide assisted migration or genetic augmentation.

Published
2015

221. A continental‐scale assessment of variability in leaf traits: Within species, across sites and between seasons.

Author

Bloomfield, Keith J., Cernusak, Lucas A., Eamus, Derek, Ellsworth, David S., Colin Prentice, I., Wright, Ian J., Boer, Matthias M., Bradford, Matt G., Cale, Peter, Cleverly, James, Egerton, John J. G., Evans, Bradley J., Hayes, Lucy S., Hutchinson, Michael F., Liddell, Michael J., Macfarlane, Craig, Meyer, Wayne S., Prober, Suzanne M., Togashi, Henrique F., and Wardlaw, Tim

Subjects
RESPIRATION in plants, CARBOXYLATION, NITROGEN content of plants, PLANT competition, PHENOTYPIC plasticity
Abstract

Abstract: Plant species show considerable leaf trait variability that should be accounted for in dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). In particular, differences in the acclimation of leaf traits during periods more and less favourable to growth have rarely been examined. We conducted a field study of leaf trait variation at seven sites spanning a range of climates and latitudes across the Australian continent; 80 native plant species were included. We measured key traits associated with leaf structure, chemistry and metabolism during the favourable and unfavourable growing seasons. Leaf traits differed widely in the degree of seasonal variation displayed. Leaf mass per unit area (Ma) showed none. At the other extreme, seasonal variation accounted for nearly a third of total variability in dark respiration (Rdark). At the non‐tropical sites, carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) at the prevailing growth temperature was typically higher in summer than in winter. When Vcmax was normalized to a common reference temperature (25°C), however, the opposite pattern was observed for about 30% of the species. This suggests that metabolic acclimation is possible, but far from universal. Intraspecific variation—combining measurements of individual plants repeated at contrasting seasons, different leaves from the same individual, and multiple conspecific plants at a given site—dominated total variation for leaf metabolic traits Vcmax and Rdark. By contrast, site location was the major source of variation (53%) for Ma. Interspecific trait variation ranged from only 13% of total variation for Vcmax up to 43% for nitrogen content per unit leaf area. These findings do not support a common practice in DGVMs of assigning fixed leaf trait values to plant functional types. Trait‐based models should allow for interspecific differences, together with spatial and temporal plasticity in leaf structural, chemical and metabolic traits. A plain language summary is available for this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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222. Herbivory and eutrophication mediate grassland plant nutrient responses across a global climatic gradient.

Author

Anderson, T. Michael, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Sankaran, Mahesh, Griffith, Daniel M., Stevens, Carly J., Grace, James B., Lind, Eric M., Seabloom, Eric W., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wragg, Peter D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Adler, Peter B., Biederman, Lori A., and Blumenthal, Dana M.

Subjects
HERBIVORES, EUTROPHICATION, GRASSLANDS, ECOLOGY
Abstract

Abstract: Plant stoichiometry, the relative concentration of elements, is a key regulator of ecosystem functioning and is also being altered by human activities. In this paper we sought to understand the global drivers of plant stoichiometry and compare the relative contribution of climatic vs. anthropogenic effects. We addressed this goal by measuring plant elemental (C, N, P and K) responses to eutrophication and vertebrate herbivore exclusion at eighteen sites on six continents. Across sites, climate and atmospheric N deposition emerged as strong predictors of plot‐level tissue nutrients, mediated by biomass and plant chemistry. Within sites, fertilization increased total plant nutrient pools, but results were contingent on soil fertility and the proportion of grass biomass relative to other functional types. Total plant nutrient pools diverged strongly in response to herbivore exclusion when fertilized; responses were largest in ungrazed plots at low rainfall, whereas herbivore grazing dampened the plant community nutrient responses to fertilization. Our study highlights (1) the importance of climate in determining plant nutrient concentrations mediated through effects on plant biomass, (2) that eutrophication affects grassland nutrient pools via both soil and atmospheric pathways and (3) that interactions among soils, herbivores and eutrophication drive plant nutrient responses at small scales, especially at water‐limited sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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223. Developing an indicator of community appreciation of biodiversity

Author

Fielding, Kelly S., Prober, Suzanne M., Williams, Kristen J., and Dean, Angela J.

Abstract

In light of rapid ecosystem and biodiversity decline globally, and in recognition of the key role that humans play in this, it is not surprising that increasing community awareness and engagement with biodiversity is a centrepiece for many biodiversity strategies. The current paper seeks to contribute to this growing focus by developing an indicator of community appreciation of biodiversity that conceptualises appreciation as comprising cognitive, affective and behavioural dimensions. We tested the indicator by drawing on existing data from a survey (N = 2000) conducted with residents of New South Wales, Australia in 2015. The findings confirm the importance of the tripartite conceptualisation in that respondents reported high levels of basic knowledge of biodiversity (cognitive appreciation) and positively valued biodiversity (affective appreciation) but much lower levels of behavioural appreciation. Further analysis revealed six clusters of respondents based on differing levels of cognitive, affective and behavioural appreciation of biodiversity. There were key variables that distinguished membership in the different clusters including education level, level of concern about environmental issues and climate change, views on and use of national parks, and region – where people live. Our indicator provides a nuanced way to monitor and track the effectiveness of programs and policies aiming to increase community appreciation of biodiversity, and thereby support collective actions to reverse ecosystem and biodiversity decline. We also provide recommendations for how the indicator might be improved in future iterations.

Published
2023
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224. Consistent responses of soil microbial communities to elevated nutrient inputs in grasslands across the globe

Author

Leff, Jonathan W., primary, Jones, Stuart E., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Barberán, Albert, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Firn, Jennifer L., additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Hobbie, Sarah E., additional, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, La Pierre, Kimberly, additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, Steenbock, Christopher, additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, and Fierer, Noah, additional

Published
2015
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225. Plant species’ origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author

Seabloom, Eric W., primary, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Buckley, Yvonne M., additional, Cleland, Elsa E., additional, Davies, Kendi F., additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Lind, Eric M., additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, Orrock, John L., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Adler, Peter B., additional, Anderson, T. Michael, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Biederman, Lori A., additional, Blumenthal, Dana M., additional, Brown, Cynthia S., additional, Brudvig, Lars A., additional, Cadotte, Marc, additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Cottingham, Kathryn L., additional, Crawley, Michael J., additional, Damschen, Ellen I., additional, Dantonio, Carla M., additional, DeCrappeo, Nicole M., additional, Du, Guozhen, additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Frater, Paul, additional, Gruner, Daniel S., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Hector, Andy, additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., additional, Humphries, Hope C., additional, Jin, Virginia L., additional, Kay, Adam, additional, Kirkman, Kevin P., additional, Klein, Julia A., additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, La Pierre, Kimberly J., additional, Ladwig, Laura, additional, Lambrinos, John G., additional, Li, Qi, additional, Li, Wei, additional, Marushia, Robin, additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Melbourne, Brett A., additional, Mitchell, Charles E., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Morgan, John, additional, Mortensen, Brent, additional, O'Halloran, Lydia R., additional, Pyke, David A., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Sankaran, Mahesh, additional, Schuetz, Martin, additional, Simonsen, Anna, additional, Smith, Melinda D., additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Sullivan, Lauren, additional, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, additional, Wragg, Peter D., additional, Wright, Justin, additional, and Yang, Louie, additional

Published
2015
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226. Grassland productivity limited by multiple nutrients

Author

Fay, Philip A., primary, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Lind, Eric M., additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Wragg, Peter D., additional, Adler, Peter B., additional, Blumenthal, Dana M., additional, Buckley, Yvonne M., additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Cleland, Elsa E., additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Davies, Kendi F., additional, Du, Guozhen, additional, Feng, Xiaohui, additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Gruner, Daniel S., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Heckman, Robert W., additional, Jin, Virginia L., additional, Kirkman, Kevin P., additional, Klein, Julia, additional, Ladwig, Laura M., additional, Li, Qi, additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Melbourne, Brett A., additional, Mitchell, Charles E., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Morgan, John W., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Wedin, David A., additional, and Yang, Louie H., additional

Published
2015
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228. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local grassland primary production worldwide

Author

Stevens, Carly J., primary, Lind, Eric M., additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Hobbie, Sarah, additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Ladwig, Laura, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Collins, Scott, additional, Davies, Kendi F., additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, Pierre, Kimberly J. La, additional, MacDougall, Andrew, additional, Melbourne, Brett, additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Morgan, John, additional, Orrock, John L., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schuetz, Martin, additional, and Wragg, Peter D., additional

Published
2015
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230. Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation.

Author

Borer, Elizabeth T, Borer, Elizabeth T, Seabloom, Eric W, Gruner, Daniel S, Harpole, W Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M, Adler, Peter B, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, Crawley, Michael J, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I, Davies, Kendi F, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W, Hector, Andy, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Leakey, Andrew DB, Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Orrock, John L, Pascual, Jesús, Prober, Suzanne M, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren L, Williams, Ryan J, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin P, Yang, Louie H, Borer, Elizabeth T, Borer, Elizabeth T, Seabloom, Eric W, Gruner, Daniel S, Harpole, W Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M, Adler, Peter B, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, Crawley, Michael J, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I, Davies, Kendi F, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W, Hector, Andy, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Leakey, Andrew DB, Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Orrock, John L, Pascual, Jesús, Prober, Suzanne M, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren L, Williams, Ryan J, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin P, and Yang, Louie H

Abstract

Human alterations to nutrient cycles and herbivore communities are affecting global biodiversity dramatically. Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition drives plant species loss through intensified competition for light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing ground-level light, particularly in productive systems. Here we use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents, demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation, independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases ground-level light.

Published
2014

231. Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation

Author

Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Gruner, Daniel S., Harpole, W. Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Crawley, Michael J., Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I., Davies, Kendi F., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Hector, Andy, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Leakey, Andrew D. B., Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Orrock, John L., Pascual, Jesus, Prober, Suzanne M., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Williams, Ryan J., Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin P., Yang, Louie H., Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Gruner, Daniel S., Harpole, W. Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Crawley, Michael J., Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I., Davies, Kendi F., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Hector, Andy, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Leakey, Andrew D. B., Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Orrock, John L., Pascual, Jesus, Prober, Suzanne M., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Williams, Ryan J., Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin P., and Yang, Louie H.

Abstract

Human alterations to nutrient cycles(1,2) and herbivore communities(3-7) are affecting global biodiversity dramatically(2). Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition drives plant species loss through intensified competition for light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing ground-level light, particularly in productive systems(8,9). Here we use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents, demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation, independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases ground-level light.

Published
2014

232. Spatial variation in avian bill size is associated with temperature extremes in a major radiation of Australian passerines.

Author

Subasinghe, Kalya, Symonds, Matthew R. E., Prober, Suzanne M., Bonnet, Timothée, Williams, Kristen J., Ware, Chris, and Gardner, Janet L.

Subjects
*CLIMATE extremes, *BODY temperature regulation, *CLIMATIC zones, *PASSERIFORMES
Abstract

Morphology is integral to body temperature regulation. Recent advances in understanding of thermal physiology suggest a role of the avian bill in thermoregulation. To explore the adaptive significance of bill size for thermoregulation we characterized relationships between bill size and climate extremes. Most previous studies focused on climate means, ignoring frequencies of extremes, and do not reflect thermoregulatory costs experienced over shorter time scales. Using 79 species (9847 museum specimens), we explore how bill size variation is associated with temperature extremes in a large and diverse radiation of Australasian birds, Meliphagides, testing a series of predictions. Overall, across the continent, bill size variation was associated with both climate extremes and means and was most strongly associated with winter temperatures; associations at the level of climate zones differed from continent-wide associations and were complex, yet consistent with physiology and a thermoregulatory role for avian bills. Responses to high summer temperatures were nonlinear suggesting they may be difficult to detect in large-scale continental analyses using previous methodologies. We provide strong evidence that climate extremes have contributed to the evolution of bill morphology in relation to thermoregulation and show the importance of including extremes to understand fine-scale trait variation across space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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233. Thermal acclimation of leaf photosynthetic traits in an evergreen woodland, consistent with the co-ordination hypothesis.

Author

Togashi, Henrique Fürstenau, Prentice, Iain Colin, Atkin, Owen K., Macfarlane, Craig, Prober, Suzanne M., Bloomfield, Keith J., and Evans, Bradley John

Subjects
ACCLIMATIZATION, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, FORESTS & forestry, CARBOXYLATION, ENZYME kinetics
Abstract

Ecosystem models commonly assume that key photosynthetic traits, such as carboxylation-capacity measured at a standard temperature, are constant in time. The temperature responses of modelled photosynthetic/respiratory rates then depend entirely on enzyme kinetics. Optimality considerations suggest this assumption may be incorrect. The 'co-ordination hypothesis' (that Rubisco- and electron-transport limited rates of photosynthesis are co-limiting under typical daytime conditions) predicts instead that carboxylation (Vcmax) and light-harvesting (Jmax) capacities, and mitochondrial respiration in the dark (Rdark), should acclimate so that they increase with growth temperature - but less steeply than their instantaneous response rates. To explore this hypothesis, photosynthetic measurements were carried out on woody species during the warm and the cool seasons in the semi-arid Great Western Woodlands, Australia, under broadly similar light environments. A consistent linear relationship between Vcmax and Jmax was found across species. Vcmax, Jmax and Rdark increased with temperature, but values standardized to 25 °C declined. The ci:ca ratio increased slightly with temperature. The leaf N:P ratio was lower in the warm season. The slopes of the relationships of log-transformed Vcmax and Jmax to temperature were close to values predicted by the co-ordination hypothesis, but shallower than those predicted by enzyme kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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234. Plant diversity predicts beta but not alpha diversity of soil microbes across grasslands worldwide

Author

Prober, Suzanne M., primary, Leff, Jonathan W., additional, Bates, Scott T., additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Lind, Eric M., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Adler, Peter B., additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Cleland, Elsa E., additional, DeCrappeo, Nicole M., additional, DeLorenze, Elizabeth, additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., additional, Kirkman, Kevin P., additional, Knops, Johannes M.H., additional, La Pierre, Kimberly J., additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Mitchell, Charles E., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schuetz, Martin, additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Williams, Ryan J., additional, and Fierer, Noah, additional

Published
2014
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238. Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation

Author

Borer, Elizabeth T., primary, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Gruner, Daniel S., additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, Lind, Eric M., additional, Adler, Peter B., additional, Alberti, Juan, additional, Anderson, T. Michael, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Biederman, Lori, additional, Blumenthal, Dana, additional, Brown, Cynthia S., additional, Brudvig, Lars A., additional, Buckley, Yvonne M., additional, Cadotte, Marc, additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Cleland, Elsa E., additional, Crawley, Michael J., additional, Daleo, Pedro, additional, Damschen, Ellen I., additional, Davies, Kendi F., additional, DeCrappeo, Nicole M., additional, Du, Guozhen, additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Heckman, Robert W., additional, Hector, Andy, additional, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, additional, Iribarne, Oscar, additional, Klein, Julia A., additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, La Pierre, Kimberly J., additional, Leakey, Andrew D. B., additional, Li, Wei, additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Melbourne, Brett A., additional, Mitchell, Charles E., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Mortensen, Brent, additional, O'Halloran, Lydia R., additional, Orrock, John L., additional, Pascual, Jesús, additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Pyke, David A., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schuetz, Martin, additional, Smith, Melinda D., additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Sullivan, Lauren L., additional, Williams, Ryan J., additional, Wragg, Peter D., additional, Wright, Justin P., additional, and Yang, Louie H., additional

Published
2014
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241. Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic dominance the real embarrassment of richness?

Author

Seabloom, Eric W, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric, MacDougall, Andrew, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Caldeira, Maria, Chu, Chengjin, Crawley, Michael J, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I, D'Antonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Dickman, Chris R, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andrew, Helm, Aveliina, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Iribarne, Oscar, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura M, Lambrinos, John G, Leakey, Andrew DB, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, McCulley, Rebecca, Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pärtel, Meelis, Pascual, Jesús, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Salguero-Gómez, Roberto, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren, Wardle, Glenda M, Wolkovich, Elizabeth M, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Seabloom, Eric W, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric, MacDougall, Andrew, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Caldeira, Maria, Chu, Chengjin, Crawley, Michael J, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I, D'Antonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Dickman, Chris R, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andrew, Helm, Aveliina, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Iribarne, Oscar, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura M, Lambrinos, John G, Leakey, Andrew DB, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, McCulley, Rebecca, Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pärtel, Meelis, Pascual, Jesús, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Salguero-Gómez, Roberto, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren, Wardle, Glenda M, Wolkovich, Elizabeth M, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Abstract

Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic species. Here, we used a globally replicated study to quantify relationships between exotic richness and abundance in grass-dominated ecosystems in 13 countries on six continents, ranging from salt marshes to alpine tundra. We tested effects of human land use, native community diversity, herbivore pressure, and nutrient limitation on exotic plant dominance. Despite its widespread use, exotic richness was a poor proxy for exotic dominance at low exotic richness, because sites that contained few exotic species ranged from relatively pristine (low exotic richness and cover) to almost completely exotic-dominated ones (low exotic richness but high exotic cover). Both exotic cover and richness were predicted by native plant diversity (native grass richness) and land use (distance to cultivation). Although climate was important for predicting both exotic cover and richness, climatic factors predicting cover (precipitation variability) differed from those predicting richness (maximum temperature and mean temperature in the wettest quarter). Herbivory and nutrient limitation did not predict exotic richness or cover. Exotic dominance was greatest in areas with low native grass richness at the site- or regional-scale. Although this could reflect native grass displacement, a lack of biotic resistance is a more likely explanation, given that grasses comprise the most aggressive invaders. These findings underscore the need to move beyond richness as a surrogate for the extent of invasion, because this metric confounds monodominance with invasion resistance. Monitoring spec

Published
2013

242. Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems:is exotic dominance the real embarrassment of richness?

Author

Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne, Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric, Macdougall, Andrew, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter, Alberti, Juan, Michael Anderson, T., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Caldeira, Maria, Chu, Chengjin, Crawley, Michael J., Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I., D'antonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Dickman, Chris R., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andrew, Helm, Aveliina, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Iribarne, Oscar, Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura M., Lambrinos, John G., Leakey, Andrew D. B., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Mcculley, Rebecca, Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pärtel, Meelis, Pascual, Jesús, Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Salguero-gómez, Roberto, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren, Wardle, Glenda M., Wolkovich, Elizabeth M., Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne, Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric, Macdougall, Andrew, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter, Alberti, Juan, Michael Anderson, T., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Caldeira, Maria, Chu, Chengjin, Crawley, Michael J., Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I., D'antonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Dickman, Chris R., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andrew, Helm, Aveliina, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Iribarne, Oscar, Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura M., Lambrinos, John G., Leakey, Andrew D. B., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Mcculley, Rebecca, Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pärtel, Meelis, Pascual, Jesús, Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Salguero-gómez, Roberto, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren, Wardle, Glenda M., Wolkovich, Elizabeth M., Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Abstract

Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic species. Here, we used a globally replicated study to quantify relationships between exotic richness and abundance in grass-dominated ecosystems in 13 countries on six continents, ranging from salt marshes to alpine tundra. We tested effects of human land use, native community diversity, herbivore pressure, and nutrient limitation on exotic plant dominance. Despite its widespread use, exotic richness was a poor proxy for exotic dominance at low exotic richness, because sites that contained few exotic species ranged from relatively pristine (low exotic richness and cover) to almost completely exotic-dominated ones (low exotic richness but high exotic cover). Both exotic cover and richness were predicted by native plant diversity (native grass richness) and land use (distance to cultivation). Although climate was important for predicting both exotic cover and richness, climatic factors predicting cover (precipitation variability) differed from those predicting richness (maximum temperature and mean temperature in the wettest quarter). Herbivory and nutrient limitation did not predict exotic richness or cover. Exotic dominance was greatest in areas with low native grass richness at the site- or regional-scale. Although this could reflect native grass displacement, a lack of biotic resistance is a more likely explanation, given that grasses comprise the most aggressive invaders. These findings underscore the need to move beyond richness as a surrogate for the extent of invasion, because this metric confounds monodominance with invasion resistance. Monitoring spec

Published
2013

244. Facilitating adaptation of biodiversity to climate change: a conceptual framework applied to the world's largest Mediterranean-climate woodland

Author

Prober, Suzanne M., Thiele, Kevin, Rundel, Philip W., Yates, Colin J, Berry, Sandra Lee, Byrne, Margaret, Christidis, Les, Gosper, Carl R, Grierson, Pauline, Lemson, Kristina, Lyons, Tom, Macfarlane, Craig, O'Connor, Michael H., Scott, John K., Standish, Rachel J., Stock, William D, van Etten, Eddie J.B., Wardell-Johnson, Grant W., Watson, Alexander, Byrne, M, Prober, Suzanne M., Thiele, Kevin, Rundel, Philip W., Yates, Colin J, Berry, Sandra Lee, Byrne, Margaret, Christidis, Les, Gosper, Carl R, Grierson, Pauline, Lemson, Kristina, Lyons, Tom, Macfarlane, Craig, O'Connor, Michael H., Scott, John K., Standish, Rachel J., Stock, William D, van Etten, Eddie J.B., Wardell-Johnson, Grant W., Watson, Alexander, and Byrne, M

Abstract

The importance of ecological management for reducing the vulnerability of biodiversity to climate change is increasingly recognized, yet frameworks to facilitate a structured approach to climate adaptation management are lacking. We developed a conceptual framework that can guide identification of climate change impacts and adaptive management options in a given region or biome. The framework focuses on potential points of early climate change impact, and organizes these along two main axes. First, it recognizes that climate change can act at a range of ecological scales. Secondly, it emphasizes that outcomes are dependent on two potentially interacting and countervailing forces: (1) changes to environmental parameters and ecological processes brought about by climate change, and (2) responses of component systems as determined by attributes of resistance and resilience. Through this structure, the framework draws together a broad range of ecological concepts, with a novel emphasis on attributes of resistance and resilience that can temper the response of species, ecosystems and landscapes to climate change. We applied the framework to the world's largest remaining Mediterranean-climate woodland, the 'Great Western Woodlands' of south-western Australia. In this relatively intact region, maintaining inherent resistance and resilience by preventing anthropogenic degradation is of highest priority and lowest risk. Limited, higher risk options such as fire management, protection of refugia and translocation of adaptive genes may be justifiable under more extreme change, hence our capacity to predict the extent of change strongly impinges on such management decisions. These conclusions may contrast with similar analyses in degraded landscapes, where natural integrity is already compromised, and existing investment in restoration may facilitate experimentation with higher risk options.

Published
2011

245. Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic dominance the real embarrassment of richness?

Author

Seabloom, Eric W., primary, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Buckley, Yvonne, additional, Cleland, Elsa E., additional, Davies, Kendi, additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Lind, Eric, additional, MacDougall, Andrew, additional, Orrock, John L., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Adler, Peter, additional, Alberti, Juan, additional, Michael Anderson, T., additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Biederman, Lori A., additional, Blumenthal, Dana, additional, Brown, Cynthia S., additional, Brudvig, Lars A., additional, Caldeira, Maria, additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Crawley, Michael J., additional, Daleo, Pedro, additional, Damschen, Ellen I., additional, D'Antonio, Carla M., additional, DeCrappeo, Nicole M., additional, Dickman, Chris R., additional, Du, Guozhen, additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Frater, Paul, additional, Gruner, Daniel S., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Hector, Andrew, additional, Helm, Aveliina, additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., additional, Humphries, Hope C., additional, Iribarne, Oscar, additional, Jin, Virginia L., additional, Kay, Adam, additional, Kirkman, Kevin P., additional, Klein, Julia A., additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, La Pierre, Kimberly J., additional, Ladwig, Laura M., additional, Lambrinos, John G., additional, Leakey, Andrew D. B., additional, Li, Qi, additional, Li, Wei, additional, McCulley, Rebecca, additional, Melbourne, Brett, additional, Mitchell, Charles E., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Morgan, John, additional, Mortensen, Brent, additional, O'Halloran, Lydia R., additional, Pärtel, Meelis, additional, Pascual, Jesús, additional, Pyke, David A., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Salguero-Gómez, Roberto, additional, Sankaran, Mahesh, additional, Schuetz, Martin, additional, Simonsen, Anna, additional, Smith, Melinda, additional, Stevens, Carly, additional, Sullivan, Lauren, additional, Wardle, Glenda M., additional, Wolkovich, Elizabeth M., additional, Wragg, Peter D., additional, Wright, Justin, additional, and Yang, Louie, additional

Published
2013
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246. Regional Contingencies in the Relationship between Aboveground Biomass and Litter in the World’s Grasslands

Author

O’Halloran, Lydia R., primary, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, Cleland, Elsa E., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Hobbie, Sarah, additional, Harpole, W. Stan, additional, DeCrappeo, Nicole M., additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Davies, Kendi F., additional, Du, Guozhen, additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, Li, Wei, additional, Melbourne, Brett A., additional, Morgan, John W., additional, Orrock, John L., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, and Stevens, Carly J., additional

Published
2013
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249. Response to Comments on “Productivity Is a Poor Predictor of Plant Species Richness”

Author

Grace, James B., primary, Adler, Peter B., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Hector, Andy, additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, O'Halloran, Lydia R., additional, Anderson, T. Michael, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Brown, Cynthia S., additional, Buckley, Yvonne M., additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Cottingham, Kathryn L., additional, Crawley, Michael J., additional, Damschen, Ellen I., additional, Davies, Kendi F., additional, DeCrappeo, Nicole M., additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Gruner, Daniel S., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Jin, Virginia L., additional, Kirkman, Kevin P., additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, La Pierre, Kimberly J., additional, Lambrinos, John G., additional, Melbourne, Brett A., additional, Mitchell, Charles E., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Morgan, John W., additional, Orrock, John L., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Wragg, Peter D., additional, and Yang, Louie H., additional

Published
2012
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