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Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the torsional fatigue resistance of different rotary files in straight and curved positions at a simulated intracanal temperature. Methods: Forty-eight size #25 files from ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Next (PTN) and ProTaper Gold (PTG) were tested for torsional resistance in both straight and curved (90 degrees) positions (n = 8 each). The experiment was conducted at a simulated intracanal temperature of 35 ± 1 °C. The torque gauge was reset before every use, and uniform torsional stress was applied by rotating the file clockwise at a speed of 40 rpm until fracture. Torque failure values were recorded, and fractured surfaces were tested using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis of the data was completed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test (LSD) in order to compare between the tested systems in each file position. Student’s t-test was also performed to compare between the two positions in each rotary system, and significance level was set at 5%. Results: In the straight position, torsional resistance of PTN was significantly lower than that of PTU and PTG (p 0.05). In the curved position, torsional resistance was found to be comparable among all systems (p > 0.05). Within each system, the curved position resulted in a significantly lower torsional resistance when compared to the straight position (p

To compare (i) canal centering ability and transportation of Primary WaveOne Gold in combination with WaveOne Gold Glider with ProTaper Next X2 in combination with ProGlider using Micro-CT, and (ii) difference in final preparation times between these two preparation groups. Mesiobuccal canals of 50 mandibular first molars were used. Teeth were randomly divided into two preparation groups. Results were analysed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Apically, ProGlider/ProTaper Next X2 demonstrated better centering ratio values and lower transportation values compared to WaveOne Gold Glider/Primary WaveOne Gold (p.05). No statistically significant differences between the canal preparation times were found (p

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the retreatment abilities of the ProTaper Next (PTN) and F6 SkyTaper (F6) systems by using micro-computed tomography (micro-ct), radiographic and microscopic imaging techniques.Materials and MethodsThe root canals of twenty-six extracted mandibular premolar teeth were prepared and obturated. For the retreatment procedure, the teeth were randomly divided into two equal groups according to endodontic instruments: PTN (X4) and F6 (#40/.06). Pre- and post-operative filling material volumes were measured with micro-ct, and areas were measured with radiographic and microscopic imaging techniques. The percentages of residual material were calculated, and then statistically compared. The significance level was set at p0.05). PTN demonstrated better cleaning ability when evaluated by microscopic imaging. (p

ozyurek, taha/0000-0003-3299-3361 WOS: 000519192400007 PubMed: 31531770 The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the surface deformations of different NiTi rotary files after retreatment under scanning electron microscope (SEM). A total of 240 upper central incisor teeth were obturated with vertical compaction technique and divided into 6 groups. Root canals were retreated by ProTaper Next (PTN), Twisted File Adaptive (TFA), Reciproc (RPC), ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTR), R-Endo and Mtwo-R NiTi rotary systems. The files investigated under SEM at different magnifications and photomicrographs were captured. The photomicrographs were classified and scored. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were performed for statistical analyze at 5% significance level. PTR and RPC groups were free of defects like file separation, curving and unwinding but PTN and TFA groups showed 50% file separation. According to the photomicrographs that were captured at high magnification; there were no statistically difference between groups at the coronal thirds of the files (P > 0.05), at the middle third PTN and TFA groups showed statistically more deformation than the other groups (P < 0.05). At the apical third Reciproc was statistically showed less deformation than the other all groups (P < 0.05). Within the limitation of this in vitro study, all NiTi files showed surface deformation in SEM observation after retreatment procedures. There was less deformation in PTR and RPC groups according to other.

This study investigated the cyclic fatigue resistance of three brands of nickel-titanium rotary files&mdash, Unicone (size 25 0.06, Medin), Navigator Evo (W-4, size 25 0.06, Medin) and Protaper Next (X2, size 25 0.06 Dentsply Tulsa Dental)&mdash, in reciprocating and continuous motion, during artificial canal instrumentation. Seventy-two samples&mdash, Unicone (n = 24), Navigator Evo (n = 24), and Protaper Next (n = 24)&mdash, each measuring 25 mm in length, were allocated to reciprocating (n = 36) and continuous motion (n = 36) experimental subgroups, and rotated in a simulated steel curved canal until fracture occurred. Fracture times and fragment lengths of samples in the experimental subgroups were recorded. One of the Unicone, Navigator Evo and Protaper Next fractured samples was randomly selected and analyzed for topographic characteristics by using scanning electron microscopy. Times to fracture and fragment lengths of samples were evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey&rsquo, s tests. Independent sample t test was used to compare mean values between the different groups. Protaper Next samples displayed significantly higher resistance to cyclic fatigue in reciprocating motion than Unicone and Navigator Evo samples (p &lt, 0.001). Unicone samples exhibited the least fracture-resistant in continuous and reciprocating motion.

Aim: The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to clinically evaluate the incidence of postoperative pain after root canal treatment in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of multirooted teeth using two different instruments design rotary file systems, namely, Protaper Next (PTN) and V taper 2H (VT2H). Materials and Methods: In this prospective randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of multirooted teeth, indicated for root canal therapy, were randomly assigned to two groups according to instrument system used, namely, PTN and VT2H. Root canal treatments were performed in single visit. After treatment, the participants were asked to rate the intensity of post-operative pain on modified verbal descriptor scale after 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h over the telephone by a second investigator. Patients were advised to call the second investigator by telephone if they felt very uncomfortable at any point of the follow-up time. At that time, they were asked to take ibuprofen 200 mg as the rescue drug. Results: No statistically significant difference was found among the two groups in relation to post-operative pain and intake of analgesic medication at 4 time points assessed (P>0.05, Kruskal–Wallis test). Conclusion: The PTN system and VT2H rotary system were found to be equal in the incidence of post-operative pain and pain intensity was found to decrease with time, postoperatively, in both the rotary systems. Relevance for patients: The instrument design has little effect on post-operative pain in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis patients after single-visit root canal therapy.

Abstract Finite element analysis was used to evaluate the stress distribution, estimate the residual stresses, bending, and amount of displacement of two nickel-titanium instruments manufactured by the same M-wire technology but with different cross-section. Materials and methods Two brands of Ni-Ti instruments ProTaper NEXT (Dentsply Maillefer), and WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were scanned with stereomicroscope to produce a two-dimensional model for each file using computer-aided design programs (CAD) (SolidWorks software package), which then was converted into stereolithographic extension to be readable by programming software (MATLAB software) to produce three-dimensional models. The mathematical analysis of files was performed on SolidWorks software package. The mechanical behavior of the two files was analyzed numerically in a SolidWorks package to simulate and measure torsion, bending, and file displacement. Application of a shear moment (torsion) 2.5 N/mm moment of force was applied to the shaft in a clockwise direction, while the last 4 mm of the tip was rigidly constrained to evaluate the stress distribution on each file. As for Cantilever bending, a concentrated load of 1 N at the tip of the file with its shaft rigidly held in place was applied for the finite element models. The vertical displacement was measured and the von Mises stress distribution was evaluated. Results The WaveOne file showed higher torsional stresses accumulation than those accumulated in the ProTaper NEXT. While the ProTaper NEXT showed more bending and file displacement than those showed by WaveOne file. Conclusions The two files rotary models highlighted the different mechanical properties of the files although they share the same manufactured technology M-wire. The ProTaper NEXT showed less torsional stress accumulation and more bending properties.

Background/purpose: Reciprocating single-file systems are the latest nickel-titanium instruments and little information is available concerning the shaping ability of these new systems. Comparison of these single-file systems with well-known rotary multi-file systems is necessary. The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping ability of single-file system (WaveOne, WO) versus multiple-file system (ProTaper Next, PTN) in severely curved canals. Materials and methods: A total of 20 severely curved canals were prepared with WO or PTN. Micro-computed tomography was used to scan the specimens before and after instrumentation. Differences between two groups in canal surface area, volume, Structure Model Index (SMI), thickness, straightening, the ratio of uninstrumented surface area and canal transportation were evaluated. Results: The outline of the canals after preparation showed smooth taper in both groups. Canal surface area, volume, SMI, Thickness and canal curvature were significantly increased after preparation in both groups, and no significant difference was found between groups. At apical third, canals prepared with WO showed larger values of transportation compared with those in PTN group in the direction of main curvature. Approximately 29–34% of the root canal surface remained uninstrumented after preparation and no significant difference was noticed between groups. Conclusion: Both of the two instrument systems maintained the original outline of the canals well. The canals prepared with PTN had less transportation and were better centered in the apical region. Keywords: Canal shaping, μCT, Nickeltitanium, ProTaper next, WaveOne

The curved and dilacerated roots in the posterior teeth often present the major challenge to the clinicians during the endodontic treatments. The efficient biomechanical preparation is also affected by improper instrumentation in the curved or the constricted canals. The use of conventional instruments and techniques in the dilacerated roots may develop ledges, fractured instruments, and canal blockages which further complicate the endodontic treatments. The introduction of ProTaper Universal rotary instruments has made a significant impact in the biomechanical preparation of root canals systems. However, the fracture rate of these files and inconvenience to treat the posterior teeth in reduced mouth opening conditions limits their successful usage in endodontic treatments. The ProTaper Next rotary instruments have noted advantages such as increased flexibility, higher strength, and wear resistance over the conventional rotary endodontic systems. The current case series discusses the endodontic treatment of three severely curved root canal systems successfully treated with ProTaper Next rotary endodontic system.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of dentinal crack formation after root canal preparation using ProTaper Next, OneShape, and Hyflex electrodischarge machining (HEDM). Materials and Methods: A total of 75 extracted mandibular premolars were selected. The root canals were instrumented using ProTaper Next, OneShape, and HEDM rotary files. All roots were horizontally sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from apex with slow-speed saw under water cooling. The sections were observed under a stereomicroscope at ×25 to determine the absence or presence of crack. Data were analyzed using post hoc test and one-way ANOVA. Results: ProTaper Next and HEDM produced significantly less cracks than OneShape. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that nickel–titanium instruments may cause cracks on the root surface. ProTaper Next and HEDM tend to produce less number of cracks as compared to OneShape.

Background. The aim of this study was to compare the dentinal defects caused by Reciproc, TF Adaptive and ProTaper Next NiTi rotary file systems during the retreatment procedure. Methods. A total of 150 mandibular incisors with straight and single root canals were included in the present study. All the root canals were prepared up to an apical diameter 0.40 mm using stainless steel files. Thirty teeth were randomly stored as the negative control group. A total of 120 specimens were obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer using vertical compaction technique. Thirty specimens with root canal filling were randomly separated for the only-filled group. Then the teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups; Reciproc, TF Adaptive and ProTaper Next. The retreatment procedure was performed with these NiTi files. Then 150 specimens were cut perpendicular to tooth axis at 3-, 6-, and 9-mm distances from the apex, and examined to determine the presence of any cracks at ×25 under a stereomicroscope. Chi-squared test was used at 5% significance level. Results. All the tested NiTi file systems were found to cause significantly more dentinal defects compared to unprepared and only-filled groups (P0.05). No correlation was found between the slice levels and the dentinal defect distribution (P>0.05). Conclusion. Within the limitations of present study, all the tested NiTi file systems were found to cause significantly more dentinal defects compared to unprepared and only-filled groups.

Objectives: To compare the dimensions of gutta-percha (GP) cones of ProTaper Next (25/0.06) and WaveOne (25/0.08) in relation to their corresponding instruments of the same dimension, respectively. Materials and Methods: Two groups of GP cones were made with 25 cones in each group. Group 1 consisted of 25 GP cones # 25/0.06 (ProTaper Next). Group 2 consisted of 25 GP cones # 25/0.08 (WaveOne). Measurements were done at D1 (1 mm short of the tip), D3 (3 mm short of the tip), and D11 (11 mm short of the tip) for GP cones of both groups and were compared with their corresponding instruments. Results: Group 1 (ProTaper) 25/.06 GP points showed greater diameters than those of the corresponding instrument, which was statistically significant. Group 2 (WaveOne) 25/0.08 GP points showed greater diameters than those of the corresponding instrument which was statistically significant whereas it was nonsignificant at level D1. Conclusion: Diameters of both ProTaper Next and WaveOne GP cones were greater than their corresponding instruments. Hence, there are chances of under obturation with both systems.

Comparison of the ability of newly designed rotary files to eliminate viable Enterococcus faecalis populations from long oval root canals of extracted human teeth to that of the self-adjusting file (SAF). One hundred caries-free, single-rooted, long oval teeth were contaminated with E. faecalis. The teeth were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 25) as follows: G.1, manual; G.2, SAF; G.3, ProTaper Next; and G.4, BT-Race. Two microbial samples were obtained from each tooth with sterile paper points, (s1) before and (s2) after instrumentation. The relative reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs) from s1 to s2 measurements was calculated and compared among the groups using parametric Kruskal–Wallis one-way anova on ranks and Dunn's method (a = 0.05). The results indicated a descending order of the groups with regard to efficacy as follows: BT-Race, Next, SAF and manual. The statistical analysis showed that the relative percentage reduction (RR) of CFUs was lower in the manual group than in the other groups, while the SAF group showed a significantly lower RR than the BT-Race group (P < 0.05). The efficacy in reduction of the microbiological load of viable E. faecalis from long oval root canals was different between the tested endodontic systems.

The mechanical preparation of tooth canal is one of the most important stages in endodontic therapy. During it rotary endodontic instruments and hand files are used. It is stated that while preparing canals with rotary instruments, less mistakes are made than using hand files. However, mistakes are inevitable even working with the newest instruments. One of them is the breaking of the instrument. It can occur due to the wear of the instrument or other reasons. There are many different opinions on how many canals can be prepared with one rotary instrument without increasing the possibility of breaking. The aim of this study is to identify the change in efficiency of two rotary endodontic instrument systems (ProTaper Gold and ProTaper Next) using them for three times, to compare these systems by wear, measuring the diameter of the prepared canal and the time during which the working length is reached. To evaluate the data received. According to the results received identify which system is more resistant to wear. The data for the research was received having used 12 ProTaper Gold S1 instruments and 12 ProTaper Next X1 instruments for 3 times forming endodontic resin blocks with the L-shaped canal. The process of the preparation of all 72 canals was filmed for the identification of time change. Aiming to identify the changes of diameter, after preparation resin blocks were cut in the height of 10 mm having made a pattern on the miller and then at the same height photos were taken from the side of canal access. It was observed in the results of the research that the changes of time and diameter while forming the second and third canals with both systems were statistically significant. Also, it can be noticed that the ProTaper Gold system was more resistant to wear than the ProTaper Next system. As preparing the canal with the ProTaper Gold system for the second and third times, the average changes of the diameter of the prepared canal and time, during which the working length was reached, were smaller.

CAKICI, Fatih/0000-0002-8147-2661; /0000-0002-5769-0239 WOS: 000488850700004 PubMed: 31309188 Purpose The purpose of the present study is to assess the rate of newly formed microcracks comparatively during root canal instrumentation by using ProTaper Next, Reciproc, and Self-Adjusting File systems using micro-computed tomography. Subjects and Methods Thirty mesial roots of mandibular molars were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups (n = 10) as follows, ProTaper Next, Reciproc and Self-Adjusting File system. Preoperative and postoperative scans were obtained at the isotropic resolution of 13.68 mu m. Cross-section images were examined to identify the presence of newly formed dentinal microcracks. Results The Self-Adjusting File and Reciproc systems caused a higher rate of new microcrack formation than the ProTaper Next group (p < 0.001). There were also significant differences in the new microcrack formation between Reciproc and Self-Adjusting File groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion Reciproc and Self-Adjusting File systems caused a higher rate of newly formed microcraks compared to ProTaper Next system. Scientific Research Projects Coordination Department of Ordu University. Ordu, Turkey [2014/265, 1364] This study has been supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Department of Ordu University. Ordu, Turkey (27.06.2014, 2014/265 No: 1364).

Introduction: The aim of this micro-CT study was to analyze the geometrical shaping outcomes after instrumentation with rotary and reciprocating glide path and shaping systems. Materials and Methods: The mesio-buccal canals of thirty extracted maxillary first permanent molars were randomized into two groups (n=15): rotary system ProGlider and ProTaper Next X1, X2 (PG-PTN) was compared with reciprocating system WaveOne Gold Glider and WaveOne Gold Primary (WOGG-WOG). Irrigation was performed with EDTA 10% and NaOCl 5%. Specimens were micro-CT scanned before instrumentation and after glide path and shaping. The measured parameters were the increase in canal volume and surface area, the centroid shift and the canal geometry variation through RDR and RA. These parameters were measured in the apical and coronal levels and at the point of maximum curvature. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Turkey-Kramer tests were used to describe the impact of the instrumentation on the selected parameters (P

Background: Apically extruded debris produced during root canal preparation can induce postoperative inflammation and subsequent failure of root canal treatment. Therefore, debris production must be reduced to improve the outcome of root canal treatment. Aim: This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of root canal treatment by comparing the difference in the amount of apically extruded debris produced during the root canal preparation of extracted human teeth with ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Next (PTN), and WaveOne (WO). Materials and Methods: On March 30, 2017, three researchers searched five electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, Science Direct Online, Embase, and Web of Science) with no time limitations. Only articles written in English were retrieved, and 150 articles were obtained. Then, the three researchers independently selected articles in accordance with previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria, and inconsistent results were discussed. Data were analyzed through meta-analysis for standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to qualitative analysis. Four articles showed that PTU produced higher amounts of apical debris than WO; two articles showed that PTU produced lower amounts of apical debris than WO; and three articles showed that PTN produced lower amounts of apical debris than WO. Moreover, one article demonstrated that PTU produced higher amounts of apical debris than PTN. A meta-analysis showed that PTU and WO did not produce significantly different amounts of apically extruded debris: SMD = −0.26, Z = 0.50 (P > 0.05). PTU produced lower amounts of apically extruded debris than WO: SMD = −4.98, Z = 2.79 (P < 0.05). However, results were significantly heterogeneous among all the included studies (I2= 97%). No significant difference was found between PTU and WO in the amounts of apically extruded debris: SMD = 0.47, Z = 1.06 (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Currently available evidence shows that PTN can produce lower amounts of apical debris than WO (P < 0.05). Moreover, the amounts of apically extruded debris produced by PTU and WO are not significantly different (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, given the limited number of studies reviewed, a definitive conclusion cannot be reached.

Background: Complete cleaning of the root canal is the goal for ensuring success in endodontics. Removal of debris plays an important role in achieving this goal. In spite of advancements in instrument design, apical extrusion of debris remains a source of inflammation in the periradicular region. Aim: To comparatively evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris with V-Taper, ProTaper Next, and the self-adjusting File (SAF) system. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four extracted human mandibular teeth with straight root canals were taken. Access openings were done and working length determined. The samples were randomly divided into three groups: Group I - V-Taper files (n = 20), Group II - ProTaper Next (n = 20), Group III - SAF (n = 20). Biomechanical preparation was completed and the debris collected in vials to be quantitatively determined. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test. Results: All the specimens showed apical debris extrusion. SAF showed significantly less debris extrusion compared to V-Taper and ProTaper Next (P < 0.001). Among Groups I and II, ProTaper Next showed lesser debris extrusion as compared to V-Taper, but it was not significant (P = 0.124). Conclusion: The SAF showed least amount of apical debris extrusion when compared to newer rotary endodontic instruments. This indicates that the incidence of inter-treatment flare-ups due to debris extrusion would be less with the SAF.

Objectives The aim was to evaluate dentinal crack formation after root canal preparation with ProTaper Next system (PTN) with and without a glide path. Materials and Methods Forty-five mesial roots of mandibular first molars were selected. Fifteen teeth were left unprepared and served as controls. The experimental groups consist of mesiobuccal and mesiolingual root canals of remaining 30 teeth, which were divided into 2 groups (n = 15): Group PG/PTN, glide path was created with ProGlider (PG) and then canals were shaped with PTN system; Group PTN, glide path was not prepared and canals were shaped with PTN system only. All roots were sectioned perpendicular to the long axis at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 mm from the apex, and the sections were observed under a stereomicroscope. The presence/absence of cracks was recorded. Data were analyzed with chi-square tests with Yates correction. Results There were no significant differences in crack formation between the PTN with and without glide path preparation. The incidence of cracks observed in PG/PTN and PTN groups was 17.8% and 28.9%, respectively. Conclusions The creation of a glide path with ProGlider before ProTaper Next rotary system did not influence dentinal crack formation in root canals.

Aim: To evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris after root canal instrumentation with ProTaper Next and HyFlex instruments in curved root canals. Methodology: Forty extracted mandibular first molar teeth with curved mesial roots and of similar lengths were instrumented using ProTaper Next or HyFlex instruments. The extruded debris was collected into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. The tubes were stored in an incubator at 68 °C for 5 days. The tubes were weighed to obtain the final dry weight of the extruded debris. The weight of the extruded debris was determined by subtracting the initial weight from the final weight. Distribution of data was determined by Shapiro–Wilk test. Continuous variables were compared with the Independent Sample t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test. The significance level was set at P = 0.05. Results: Both instruments were associated with apical debris extrusion. The HyFlex group had significantly less debris extrusion than the ProTaper Next group (P = 0.014). Conclusion: HyFlex CM was associated with significantly less apical extrusion than ProTaper Next. © 2015 International Endodontic Journal. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the rotary instrument XP-endo Finisher for the removal of Ca(OH)2 aided by different irrigation regimens. Methods: Sixteen double-rooted upper premolar human teeth were selected for the study. Thirty-two canals were prepared using a ProTaper Next rotary system up to X3. Then, the canals were filled with Ca(OH)2. The volume of Ca(OH)2 inside the canals was measured by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). After that, the teeth were randomly allocated into two experimental groups, i.e., A and B (n = 16 canals). In group A, Ca(OH)2 was removed using the master apical file (X3). In group B, Ca(OH)2 was removed using a XP-endo finisher. In half of both groups (n = 8), syringe irrigation (SI) was used, while passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was used for the other half. After removal, the remaining volume of Ca(OH)2 was measured. All data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey&rsquo, s post hoc test. Results: The percentages of remaining Ca(OH)2 in the apical thirds of all canals were significantly higher as compared with the middle and coronal thirds in all groups (p &lt, 0.05). There was no significant difference between different files and techniques (p &gt, 0.05). Clinical Significance: This study presents a new method for the removal of Ca(OH)2 from root canals.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the incidence of postoperative pain using the ProTaper Next (PTN), WaveOne Gold (WOG), and Self-Adjusting File (SAF) systems. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fourteen patients with irreversible pulpitis were selected for single-visit endodontics. The teeth were blindly assigned to three groups based on the instrumentation system used: Group A (PTN), Group B (WOG), and Group C (SAF). Participants were asked to note the incidence of the pre- and postoperative pain on a visual analog scale at different time intervals. Paired t-test and one-way ANOVA were used along with post hoc Tukey's test. Results: The greatest mean pain in Group A (PTN) and Group B (WOG) was found to be maximum in the first 24 h with a significant reduction in pain at the subsequent observation time points of 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days. Group C (SAF) showed minimum pain followed by Group B followed by Group A which showed comparatively higher pain scores even at the end of 7 days. Conclusions: In single-visit endodontics, SAF system may prove to be a better system compared with PTN and WOG as it produces minimal postoperative pain, thus improving the overall acceptance of endodontic treatment.

Introduction: Flare-ups in endodontics are multifactorial and may cause severe discomfort to the patient. Apical extrusion while preparing root canal space in any form such as debris, bacteria or irrigants has been found to be associated with many flare-up events and may even lead to treatment failure. Aim: To quantitatively evaluate apically extruded debris with five rotary instrumentation systems in mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 human maxillary first molars extracted between January and March of 2017 in oral and maxillofacial surgery department at Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India, were included in the current study. Only the Molars with a three rooted pattern were selected and mesiobuccal root was used to evaluate apical extrusion. An experimental apparatus for evaluation of extruded debris as previously described by Myers and Montgomery was fabricated. All samples were divided into six groups (n=20 each) and instrumentation was done with five rotary file systems (K3XF, ProTaper NEXT, HyFlex CM, Revo-S, and FLEXICON) and HAND K FILES which served as control. The weight of the micro tubes in the apparatus before and after the instrumentation was calculated using an electronic weighing balance with a minimum sensitivity of 10-4 and weights were compared to quantify the apical extrusion. Statistical analysis was analysed with the ANOVA and multiple comparison (Posthoc-Dunnett and Tukey) tests. Results: It was found that all the instrumentation systems showed a considerable amount of apical debris extrusion. HAND K FILES were associated with most debris extrusion compared to all rotary files (p

Objective: In this study, we compared the occurrence of dentinal micro-cracks after use of the ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer), and Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) nickel–titanium rotary file systems in root canal preparation. Method: One hundred mandibular anterior teeth were divided into five groups of 20 specimens each. Group 1 served as a control, with no intervention. In group 2, preparation was performed using the step-back technique and K files. In groups 3–5, root canal preparation was performed using the ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and Reciproc file systems, respectively. Following preparation, specimens were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm using a Minitom precision cut-off machine. The sections were evaluated under a stereomicroscope. The following scoring system was used to rate specimens: 1, no micro-crack; 2, incomplete micro-crack; and 3, vertical root fracture. The results were statistically assessed (p ≤ 0.05). Results: No micro-crack formation was observed in groups 1 and 2. The highest rate of micro-crack formation was observed in specimens prepared with the ProTaper Universal file system (20%), followed by those prepared with the Reciproc (11.7%) and ProTaper Next (6.7%) file systems. However, no significant difference was detected among groups (p > 0.05). In the groups ProTaper Universal and Reciproc files were used, 1 vertical root fracture was found in 9 mm sections for each. Conclusion: Considering the limitations of in vitro studies, we can conclude that all rotary file systems used in this study led to dentinal micro-crack formation in roots. The ProTaper Universal file system caused more dentinal micro-cracking than did the ProTaper Next and Reciproc file systems. How to cite this article: Deveci Tac M, Kaya S, Falakaloglu S. Evaluation of dentinal micro-cracks caused by the ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next and Reciproc rotary file systems used in root canal preparation. Int Dent Res 2018;8(3):111-16. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Background: The technique of alternating rotation has been used with NiTi rotary instruments to increase the resistance to fracture compared with conventional continuous rotation. However, it is still not clear what type of instrumentation could provide better results in the preservation of the original canal anatomy. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the type of rotation on canal transportation and centering ability using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. Materials and Methods: In total, 50 mesial canals of mandibular molars with curvatures between 30° and 60° were divided into two experimental groups (n = 25 each) according to the type of movement employed with the ProTaper Next (PTN) instruments: Group A (alternating rotation) and Group B (continuous rotation). Canals were scanned before and after instrumentation using a CBCT scanner to evaluate root canal transportation and the centering ratio at 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apex. Data were analyzed statistically using Student's t-test; the significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in canal transportation or the centering ratio at any of the three studied cross sections (3, 5, and 7 mm). Conclusions: PTN instruments promoted minimal apical transportation and remained relatively centered within the root canal, with no significant difference between alternating and continuous rotation.

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare root canal volume change and canal transportation by Vortex Blue (VB; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer), and ProTaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Maillefer) nickel-titanium rotary files in curved root canals. Materials and methods Thirty canals with 20°-45° of curvature from extracted human molars were used. Root canal instrumentation was performed with VB, PTN, and PTU files up to #30.06, X3, and F3, respectively. Changes in root canal volume before and after the instrumentation, and the amount and direction of canal transportation at 1, 3, and 5 mm from the root apex were measured by using micro-computed tomography. Data of canal volume change were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test, while data of amount and direction of transportation were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Results There were no significant differences among 3 groups in terms of canal volume change (p > 0.05). For the amount of transportation, PTN showed significantly less transportation than PTU at 3 mm level (p = 0.005). VB files showed no significant difference in canal transportation at all 3 levels with either PTN or PTU files. Also, VB files showed unique inward transportation tendency in the apical area. Conclusions Other than PTN produced less amount of transportation than PTU at 3 mm level, all 3 file systems showed similar level of canal volume change and transportation, and VB file system could prepare the curved canals without significant shaping errors.

مقدمه: تغییر زاویه خمیدگی کانال خصوصا در کانال‏های خمیده جزء اتفاقات مرحله آماده‏سازی می‏باشد. فایل‏های چرخشی نیکل- تیتانیوم که برای آماده‏سازی کانال طراحی و عرضه شده اند، می‏توانند این مشکلات را کمتر کنند. همچنین مساله زمان در درمان ریشه بسیار اهمیت دارد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر مقایسه سه سیستم چرخشی Reciproc، ProTaper و ProTaper Next از لحاظ میزان تغییر زاویه خمیدگی و مدت زمان آماده‏سازی کانال ریشه دندان بود. مواد و روش‏ها: در این مطالعه از 45 بلوک رزینی با انحنای کانال بین 25 تا 35 درجه و طول 15 میلی‏متر استفاده شد. ابتدا از مسیر کانال در تمامی بلوک‏ها با استریو میکروسکوپ تصویر تهیه شد. سپس بلوک‏ها به سه گروه تقسیم شدند و هر گروه با یکی از سیستم‏های Reciproc، ProTaper و ProTaper next آماده‏سازی شدند. سپس تصاویر بعد از آماده‏سازی از تمامی بلوک‏ها تهیه شد و تصاویر قبل و بعد از آماده‏سازی تطابق داده شدند و با استفاده از نرم افزار فتوشاپ میزان تغییر زاویه خمیدگی محاسبه گردید. همچنین زمان فعال آماده‏سازی هر یک از گروه‏ها نیز محاسبه شده و داده‏ها، تست‏های آماری آنالیز واریانس و تعقیبی توکی در سطح معنی‏دار 5 درصد مورد انالیز قرار گرفت. یافته‏ ها: زمان آماده‏سازی با فایل‏های Reciproc با اختلاف معنی‏داری کمتر از دو گروه دیگر بود (034/0=P، 001/0>P). تغییرات زاویه کانال پس از آماده‏سازی در بین سه گروه تفاوت معنی‏داری نداشت. نتیجه گیری: مطابق یافته‏های این مطالعه، هر سه گروه فایل‏های چرخشی نیکل-تیتانیوم زاویه انحنای کانال را به میزان کمی تغییر می‏دهند و وسایل مطمئنی برای آماده‏سازی کانال‏های خمیده هستند. همچنین سیستم Reciproc زمان کمتری از دو گروه دیگر برای آماده‏سازی نیاز دارد که می‏تواند پروسه آماده‏سازی را تسریع کند.

Background: This study aimed to compare glide path preparation of different pathfinding systems and their effects on the apical transportation of ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in mesial root canals of extracted human mandibular molars, using digital subtraction radiography. Materials and Methods: The mesial canals of 40 mandibular first molars (with curvature angles between 25° and 35°) were selected for this study. The specimens were divided randomly into 4 groups with 10 canals each. Glide paths were created in group 1 with #10, #15 and #20 K-type (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) stainless steel manual files; in group 2 with Path-File (Dentsply Maillefer) #1, #2, and #3 and in group 3 with #16 ProGlider (Dentsply Maillefer) rotary instruments; in group 4 no glide paths were created. All canals were instrumented up to ProTaper Next X2 to the working length. A double digital radiograph technique was used, pre and post-instrumentation, to assess whether apical transportation and/or aberration in root canal morphology occurred. Instrument failures were also recorded. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Tukey tests ( p 0.05). Two ProTaper Next instruments failed in-group 4. Conclusions: Within the parameters of this study, there was no difference between the performance of path-finding files and ProTaper Next system maintained root canal curvature well and was safe to use either with path-finding files or alone.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the amount of apically extruded debris during preparation with ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer), a reciprocating single-file (WaveOne; VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany), and a self-adjusting file (SAF; ReDent Nova, Ra'anna, Israel). Materials and Methods: Fifty-six intact mandibular premolar teeth were randomly assigned to four groups. The root canals were prepared according to the manufacturers’ instructions using the ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, WaveOne, and SAF. Apically extruded debris was collected in preweighted Eppendorf tubes during instrumentation. The net weight of the apically extruded debris was determined by subtracting the preweights and postweights of the tubes. The data were statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference tests at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: A measurable amount of debris was apically extruded in all groups, and the amounts of debris extrusion in the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The ProTaper Next and WaveOne groups resulted in less debris extrusion than the ProTaper Universal group (P < 0.05), and the SAF group resulted in the least debris extrusion. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that all systems extruded debris beyond the apical foramen.

Objective: the purpose of this literature review was to evaluate apical debris extrusion after root canal preparation with Protaper Universal and Protaper Next Rotary systems. Material and Methods: the question that supported the collection of scientific evidence for the present study was: Which rotary system presents the best performance regarding the apical extrusion of debris: Protaper Universal or Protaper Next? From the online search databases, a bibliographic research was carried out covering original research studies, using as descriptors: Apical extrusion debris, Protaper Universal and Protaper Next. Articles had to meet the following inclusion criteria: should have been published in the English language from 2014 to 2017 and should compare both mentioned rotary files systems regarding apical extrusion of debris in the same study. Ninety-six articles were found after research and six were included for this integrative review. Results: six studies remained included after the inclusion criteria analysis. Of these, 50% were published in 2016, 16.6% in 2015 and and 33% in 2014. Weight establishment of the extruded material was the methodology used in all studies to evaluate the performance of the files By analyzing the amount of apically extruded material, it was found that the Protaper Universal system extruded more quantity than the Protaper Next system. Conclusion: it was concluded that, although there is no system capable of performing the instrumentation without promoting apical extrusion, the Protaper Next rotary files system presented better performance when compared to the Protaper Universal files system, regarding the apical debris extrusion. Objetivo: o objetivo desta revisão de literatura foi avaliar a extrusão de detritos apicais após o preparo do canal radicular com os sistemas Protaper Universal e Protaper Next Rotary. Material e Métodos: a questão que sustentou a coleta de evidências científicas para o presente estudo foi: Qual sistema rotatório apresenta melhor desempenho quanto à extrusão apical de detritos: Protaper Universal ou Protaper Next? A partir das bases de dados de busca online, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica abrangendo pesquisas originais, utilizando como descritores: detritos de extrusão apical, Protaper Universal e Protaper Next. Os artigos tinham que atender aos seguintes critérios de inclusão: deveriam ter sido publicados no idioma inglês de 2014 a 2017 e comparar os dois sistemas de arquivos rotatórios mencionados em relação à extrusão apical de detritos no mesmo estudo. Noventa e seis artigos foram encontrados após a pesquisa e seis foram incluídos para esta revisão integrativa. Resultados: seis estudos permaneceram incluídos após a análise dos critérios de inclusão. Destes, 50% foram publicados em 2016, 16,6% em 2015 e 33% em 2014. O estabelecimento do peso do material extrudido foi a metodologia utilizada em todos os estudos para avaliar o desempenho dos arquivos. Ao analisar a quantidade de material apicalmente extrudado, Verificou-se que o sistema Protaper Universal extrudiu mais quantidade do que o sistema Protaper Next. Conclusão: concluiu-se que, embora não exista um sistema capaz de realizar a instrumentação sem promover a extrusão apical, o sistema de limas rotativas Protaper Next apresentou melhor desempenho quando comparado ao sistema de arquivos Protaper Universal, quanto à extrusão de detritos apicais.

Submitted by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-08-16T15:02:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta????o - Etienny S. Arruda.pdf: 1036150 bytes, checksum: da9374202f42a247cfc89a0badd0cee2 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-08-16T15:04:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta????o - Etienny S. Arruda.pdf: 1036150 bytes, checksum: da9374202f42a247cfc89a0badd0cee2 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-08-16T15:05:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta????o - Etienny S. Arruda.pdf: 1036150 bytes, checksum: da9374202f42a247cfc89a0badd0cee2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-16T15:05:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta????o - Etienny S. Arruda.pdf: 1036150 bytes, checksum: da9374202f42a247cfc89a0badd0cee2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-12 FAPEAM - Funda????o de Amparo ?? Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas The purpose of this study was to evaluate a protocol for endodontic retreatment, using Protaper Next instruments, to evaluate the occurrence of apical transportation using CT. To perform the experiment, 40 mandibular molars were selected, with mesial root canal curvature between 30?? and canal curvature radius less than or equal to 10 mm. Size 10 K-type instruments were used to determine the presence of independent foramen. In order to standardize the samples, the crowns were partially sectioned in 16 mm and all the specimens were inserted in resin blocks, to standardize the tomographies in the same position before, during and after instrumentation and retreatment. They were also submitted to the same instrumentation and obturation process, and were then randomly separated (n = 10) into four experimental groups: PTU group, in which the instrument used to remove gutta-percha was Protaper F2 (25.08); Group R25 and Group X2 where the Reciproc - R25 (25.08) and Protaper Next - X2 (25.06) instruments were used for the same purpose, respectively; And Group X3, where the X2 instruments were used sequentially for the removal of gutta-percha and X3 (30.07) for channel remodeling, both belonging to the Protaper Next system. Apical deviation was assessed by applying formulas to values obtained before and after instrumentation, and with the data obtained it was also possible to analyze centering ratio and percentual area increase. Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis Test and the Dunn Multiple Comparisons Test. The results of the apical deviation presented no significant difference between the experimental groups (p

Dentin microcracks caused by root canal shaping have been the subject of numerous studies in recent years, with different methodologies, mostly destructive as the sectionning method. New methods such as MicroCT have emerged and are now considered as the gold standard, but are not easy to perform. In this study, a methodology was developed taking into account the different biases present in previous studies; and new elements influencing the appearance of microcracks have been highlighted. Two instruments were compared: WaveOne and Protaper Next.; Les micro-fêlures dentinaires causées par la mise en forme ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études ces dernières années, avec des méthodologies différentes pour la plupart destructrices comme la méthode de section à la scie. De nouvelles méthodes comme le MicroCT ont fait leur apparition et sont maintenant considérées comme le gold standard, mais ne sont pas aisées à mettre en oeuvre. Dans cette étude a été mise en place une méthodologie tenant compte des différents biais présents dans les études précédentes, et de nouveaux éléments influençant l’apparition des micro-fêlures ont été mis en évidence. Deux instruments ont été comparés : le WaveOne et le Protaper Next.

Introduction: Maintenance of original canal anatomy with proper disinfection is our primary goal to achieve during root canal instrumentation. Surfactants are added to irrigating solution to promote deeper penetration into dentinal tubules. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of addition of surfactants to Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) on transportation of root canal. Materials and Methods: Fifty human mandibular molars with mesial root curvatures of 10° – 40° were selected and embedded in silicone impression material to simulate mandibular arch form to facilitate imaging process and maintain reproducibility of images. Before instrumentation, root canals were scanned by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging (Carestream, India). The canals were then prepared with the ProTaper Next (PTN) system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), using one of the following irrigation regimens during the instrumentation and were divided into five groups based on irrigation regimens followed: G1 (n=10)-irrigation with saline solution(control); G2 (n=10)-irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl; G3 (n=10)-irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl added with surfactant; G4 (n=10)-irrigation with 17% EDTA; G5 (n=10)-irrigation with 17% EDTA added with surfactant. Post-instrumentation scans were obtained with similar parameters and position as preinstrumentation scans by CBCT imaging. Transportation of the root canals were then analysed at three cross-sectional planes of pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation images at 2 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm from the apical end of the root. The data was statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test (p

Aim To investigate the influence of interrupted rotation on cyclic fatigue of two nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Methodology Cyclic fatigue of 300 new ProTaper Next size X1; X2 and Mtwo size 10, .04 taper; size 15, .05 taper; size 20, .06 taper and size 25, .06 taper instruments was tested in continuous or interrupted rotation. Fifty files of the same brand and size were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10). Group 1 instruments were tested in continuous rotation; groups 2 and 3 in paused rotation for 1 s every 10 or 20 s, respectively; groups 4 and 5 in interrupted rotation for 5 s every 10 or 20 s, respectively. Cyclic fatigue was expressed in time to fracture (TtF) in an artificial canal with 60° angle and 5 mm radius of curvature. The fracture surface was examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance. Results Cyclic fatigue of groups 2 and 4 of ProTaper Next X2 and Mtwo size 25, .06 taper was significantly lower than that of group 1 of the same instruments (P < 0.01). ProTaper Next X2 had significantly reduced cyclic fatigue in groups 3 and 5 (P < 0.05). No differences were found by interrupting the rotation for 1 or 5 s in all instruments (P > 0.05). Fatigue of other instruments was not affected by interrupted rotation (P > 0.05). Conclusions Interrupted rotation reduced cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Next X2 and Mtwo size 25, .06 taper, especially when a higher number of interruptions was performed.

ozyurek, taha/0000-0003-3299-3361 WOS: 000398249400024 PubMed: 28258810 Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the amount of debris extruded from the apex during retreatment procedures with ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Reciproc (RCP; VDW, Munich, Germany), and Twisted File Adaptive (TFA; SybronEndo, Orange, CA) files and the duration of these retreatment procedures. Methods: Ninety upper central incisor teeth were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) using the vertical compaction technique. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 30 for removal of the root filling material with PTN, RCP, and TFA files. The apically extruded debris was collected in preweighed Eppendorf tubes. The time for gutta-percha removal was recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and 1 way analysis of variance tests. Results: The amount of debris extruded was RPC > TFA > PTN, respectively. Compared with the PTN group, the amount of debris extruded in the RPC group was statistically significantly higher (P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference among the RCP, TFA, and PTN groups regarding the time for retreatment (P > .05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, all groups were associated with debris extrusion from the apex. The RCP file system led to higher levels of apical extrusion in proportion to the PTN file system. In addition, there was no significant difference among groups in the duration of the retreatment procedures.

Context: The presence of smear layer and debris can prevent the irrigant and sealer from penetrating the dentinal tubules thereby compromising the seal of the root canal filling. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of XP-endo Finisher with ProTaper Next and HyFlex in smear layer and debris removal. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two extracted mandibular premolar teeth were selected and sectioned at the cementoenamel junction. The roots were then randomly divided into 4 groups. In group 1 and 2, canals were instrumented with X2 ProTaper Next (25 0.06 taper). In group 3 and 4, canals were instrumented with HyFlex system (25 0.06 taper). The canals in group 2 and 4 were further finished with XP-endo Finisher. Irrigation was carried out using 3% sodium hypochlorite during instrumentation, and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was used as the final rinse. The roots were then split longitudinally. The canal wall was observed under the scanning electron microscope in coronal, middle, and apical thirds at a magnification of ×400 and ×1000 for evaluation of debris and smear layer, respectively. Photomicrographs were taken, and qualitative assessment for debris and smear layer removal was done. Statistical Analysis Used: The results were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: Lower debris and smear layer scores were seen in canal thirds instrumented with ProTaper Next and XP-endo Finisher (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The use of XP-endo Finisher as an adjuvant during shaping and cleaning produced cleaner root canal walls.