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The article examines the relationship of slavery historians with silence and violence in the archive of slavery. Topics discussed include the emergence of discovering the lives of the enslaved as one of the challenges facing historians, failure of quantitative information on slavery and the slave trade to acknowledge the human experience, and the impact of slavery on the U.S. society including the prison system and on the Caribbean such as lack of equitable access to health care.

Based on a survey administered in 13 prisons in England & Wales and Norway, as part of a research programme with explicitly comparative aims, this article seeks to address both the relative and absolute dimensions of the Nordic penal exceptionalism thesis. It outlines the consistently more positive results in Norway compared to England & Wales, explaining them primarily with reference to the former's much higher quality and use of open prisons. At the same time, it emphasizes that, even in an unusually humane prison system, prisoners report considerable pain and frustration. The article also makes the case that comparative analysis should strive to be systematic, but that such comparisons are always imperfect, making methodological transparency all the more essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In her teatro-cabaret piece Los caballeros las prefieren presas, Minerva Valenzuela offers a searing critique of the inconceivably cruel abuses women suffer in Mexico's prison system. She does so by way of the charming protagonist Marilynares. Taking center stage with platinum blonde hair, red lipstick, a white body suit, and black heels, she channels the glamour of Marilyn Monroe. However, Marilynares is not an actress, but an inmate at the fictional Santa Martha Lamitas prison, hence the blue smock she wears over her form-fitting outfit. She is also contestant No. 10, competing for her freedom on the metatheatrical reality show "Hoy se decide mi vida." Coached and directed by an invisible voz en off belonging to Mr. Destino, the show's producer and host, Marilynares is instructed to share the most intimate details related to prison life by way of confessional addresses and musical numbers. However, when our protagonist realizes she is being exploited, she decidedly rejects and subverts central tenets of the neoliberal gameshow model: stark individualism and the sought-after "money shot." In refusing to play by someone else's rules, Marilynares hopes her audience will find compassion not just for her, but also for the thousands of women locked away across Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Article traces changes in the prison system in communist China and examines the relationship between the legal functions of prisons and the legitimation strategies of the state in different economic contexts. This Article finds that economic schemes and legitimation strategies are the two pivotal factors driving the prison system and shaping penal practices. In the early planned economy period, the Chinese government built its legitimacy on the revolutionary ideology to create a communist country, so the legal functions of the Chinese prison system focused on remodeling of prisoners through collective forced labor. Later, in the time of economic reform, legitimacy of the regime stemmed from its economic performance, so the legal function of the Chinese prison system shifted towards profit maximization, focusing all of its efforts on production. As the economic reform developed further, the Chinese government based its legitimacy on legal rules to accomplish its various goals, leading to the codification of the prison system to achieve the goals of scientization and socialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence and effectiveness of imprisonment in changing the behavior of convicts is quite interesting to study, considering the facts that exist show that imprisonment through the correctional system has not been able to change the behavior of convicts significantly. The problems in this study are regarding the existence of imprisonment and prison conditions as a place for implementing coaching for convicts, regarding coaching and its influence on the behavior of convicts while serving their sentences in Correctional Institutions and the effectiveness of imprisonment as the implementation of criminal sanctions and at the same time a means to change the behavior of convicts. This type of research is empirical juridical research, using a statute approach and a conceptual approach. This research uses field studies and literature studies that aim to collect primary and secondary data. The data analysis used is qualitative data analysis. Based on the results of research and discussion, imprisonment is still quite effective in changing the behavior of convicts. This is in accordance with the objectives of the penitentiary system regulated in the penitentiary law and there is also a change in the behavior of some inmates who have undergone the coaching process. The conclusion of this study is that the existence of imprisonment as a means of implementing coaching for convicts is still quite relevant to be applied in the criminal justice system in Indonesia. Considering that the implementation of imprisonment in Indonesia is not only a form of retaliation (punishment) against perpetrators, but also aims to restore the situation, namely to rehabilitate perpetrators and at the same time protect society from the perpetrator's actions to repeat his crime. Coaching carried out by Correctional Institutions has an influence on changes in the behavior of convicts. Although in the implementation of the coaching there are still various weaknesses that indicate the failure of the coaching process. Imprisonment as the implementation of criminal sanctions and at the same time a means to change the behavior of convicts is still quite effective, although it cannot be said that it is a very effective means to change the behavior of convicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the interactions between the public and private sectors in the process of increasingly endowing the Brazilian penal system with security technologies in the wake of a series of prison rebellions led by the "criminal group" Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC). By discussing the discourses and rationales mobilized by politicians, legislators and businessmen within the scope of the Congressional Inquiry of the prison system established in 2008, the article shows that the growing presence of private capital into the Brazilian criminal justice system activates the technical and discursive connections between cost-effective surveillance and violent repression as the main strategies for prison management in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between Care and Custody: How Prison Officers Perceive Their Work in Minas Gerais reveals how prison officers in Minas Gerais perceive their work, whether it is focused on guaranteeing order or on care--a word traditionally associated with resocialization activities in prison. We analyzed whether the workers' sex has any influence on how they perceive their work, through the analysis of 1,525 online questionnaires self-administered between 2014 and 2015, and semi-structured interviews carried out with 10 women and 13 men working in prisons between 2016 and 2018. In their perception, the maintenance of order and security is the main objective of the profession. The similarities of the discourses of women and men indicate the adoption of masculinity values, such as the use of force and brutality, seen as essential to maintain order in the prison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim was to understand to what extent the characteristics of psychopathy are correlated with personality traits and human values in a sample of imprisoned inmates. To this end, a total of 56 prisoners were evaluated, predominantly female (80.4%) with a mean age of 33.44 (SD = 7.15). The following instruments were employed: (1) Hare scale, (2) Human Values Questionnaire (BVQ), (3) Big Five Personality Traits Inventory (BFI-S) and (4) Demographic Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were applied. The results indicated a positive correlation between a socially deviant/antisocial lifestyle (Factor 2) and the dimensions of neuroticism (rs = 0.44; p < 0.001), openness to experience in the BFI-S (rs = 0.26; p < 0.05) and experimentation in the BVQ (rs = 0.36; p < 0.001). It was concluded that the present study contributes to an understanding of personality traits and values related to psychopathy, expanding the nomological network of this construct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the research conducted with librarians who work or have worked in the Brazilian prison system to enable the deprived population to have access to books, reading, information, construction of meaning, and appropriation of information. This is an exploratory study, with a qualitative approach. As an instrument of data collection, we used the questionnaire prepared in Google Forms and sent it by e-mail to the librarians. To analyze the data, we based ourselves on content analysis by establishing categories. The results show that most librarians believe in taking actions of information mediation in the prison environment and consider that this process can contribute to the social reintegration of the convicted. Even those who are reticent about the prison structure not contributing to social reintegration present a favorable speech about the relevance of the librarian to guide their actions in information mediation when acting in this environment. We conclude that, even when faced with the challenges and specificities of working in the prison environment, information mediation can be considered a practice of deconstruction and reconstruction, as it can help prisoners to have a glimpse of new horizons and see themselves as critical subjects through the appropriation of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In "Criminal Empire," Ojibwe scholar Heidi Kiiwetinepinesiik Stark argues that the criminalization of Indigenous resistance to colonization "averts attention" from the criminality of democratic settler states, which fail or refuse to honor their own legal agreements with Indigenous peoples. This chapter reflects on the implications of Stark's analysis for the relation between property, dispossession, and liberal democratic state violence. From this perspective, the prison appears not as a correctional institution for individual lawbreakers, but as a spatial strategy for the imposition and enforcement of a colonial legal order and a capitalist property regime. The challenge of decolonization, then, is not just to return stolen land to Indigenous peoples, but also to dismantle the structures of propertied personhood and dispossession that the settler democracy (re)produces through the prison system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health data analysis is essential for health promotion, prevention and care. The objective of this study is to analyze the geoepidemiological and temporal context of SARS-Cov-2 infection in Brazilian prison system professionals. This is an epidemiological study of the ecological type with data collected from the Information System of the National Penitentiary Department from June 2020 to January 2022 on the number of cases and deaths of servers working in the prison system in Brazil during the COVID-19. The data were organized and divided into timeframes of the first wave, second wave and beginning of immunization and were tabulated in Google Sheets and incorporated in Jupyter Notebook and QGis. In the first wave, São Paulo (22,054) and Pará (11,989) presented the most cases. As for the number of deaths, São Paulo was the most affected, with 505 deaths. In the second wave, São Paulo (15,836) and Minas Gerais (7,292) presented the highest number of cases and São Paulo (250), most deaths. At the beginning of immunization, São Paulo stands out with 99,942 cases and 2,445 deaths. Therefore, most cases and deaths related to COVID-19 affected the Southeast and North regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the political angle in Bosman's writings as expressed in his language style is recognised, the prison writings as featured in his two late novels, Cold Stone Jug (1949) and Willemsdorp (written in 1951, first published posthumously in censored form in 1977 and in full in 1998), have received less scholarly attention in terms of his political intent. The present study explores his preoccupation in these works with the brutality of the prison system and the power of the apartheid state. Foucault's Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison was employed as a useful theoretical lens in examining Bosman's critique of the prison system in South Africa and the abuse of power within it. An analysis of the details of police brutality and abuse of power in the censored and uncensored published versions of Willemsdorp has also been included, highlighting the applicability of Foucault's theorisation on discipline and punishment in the penal system to Bosman's texts. This study brings to the fore Bosman's political intention behind his writing, through his critique of the state, its officials and unjust practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay aims to develop an economic analysis able to support public and private policies ideal to combat illegal behavior. The variables for decision makers are the expenses undertaken in Police, Justice, and the Prison System, which are the tools that will determine the probability of an offense being discovered and the criminal being arrested and convicted; the type of punishment and the severity with which it is applied. The main contribution of the essay was to demonstrate that ideal policies to combat crime should start from an ideal allocation of public resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the study of penal changes throughout history is central to punishment studies, the field has taken little from historical institutionalists' theories of institutional change. One of the most relevant such theories is path dependence. This article outlines path dependence frameworks' most fruitful elements for studying penal change. Drawing on foundational political science and historical sociology texts, as well as several punishment scholars' works, this article highlights the advantages of thinking through stasis and change, mechanisms of inertia such as feedback effects, and exogenous shocks. While path dependence offers a powerful framework, it can also be an unsatisfying explanation at times, particularly when path dependence is itself a seemingly uphill battle, when apparent stasis hides ongoing change, or when institutions survive hypothesized mechanisms of change. This paper closes by discussing some ways in which punishment scholars can strengthen the path dependence framework by blending it with recent theoretical developments in the punishment studies field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the issue of whether the right to vote of people with felony convictions in the U.S. should be suspended and the reasons why states should enact uniform laws on the topic. Also cited are the Congressional Research Service data on the number of people in American prisons, and the reasons why said people should not be allowed to vote like it is a form of punishment.

Prior research into military–civilian transition has suggested that the Prison Service may be a popular destination for Armed Forces leavers, but the experience of former military personnel within the prison system as prison staff (rather than as Veterans in Custody) has so far been overlooked. As a result, we know very little about their route into prison work. This article reports on a UK study investigating the experience of prison personnel who have previously served in the military and presents the first set of empirical evidence addressing these critical questions. Whilst our findings mirror prevailing assumptions of a relatively seamless transition to post-military careers (and, in particular, those within Protective Service Occupations), few had intended a career in prison work specifically. Such trajectories may influence personal military–civilian transitions, as well as job performance in prison work and, by extension, the everyday lives of prisoners and other prison staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present paper characterises the training system for Prison Service officers by presenting the most important forms of education for the Prison Service officers and employees. Addressing the subject of proper preparation of prison staff for their professional tasks is all the more justified and important in view of achieving the goal of the custodial sentence, which is to arouse in the prisoner the will to cooperate in shaping their socially desirable attitudes, in particular the sense of responsibility and the need to comply with the legal order and thus to refrain from returning to crime (Art. 67 of the Act of 6 June 1997 - Executive Penal Code, Journal of Laws of 2021, item 53). The following part of the paper presents selected results of empirical research concerning the expected changes in the training system for officers of this formation, conducted within the framework of the project entitled "Competence Development of Prison Service Officers In The Andragogical Perspective". In order to obtain answers about the specific training needs of the formation's representatives, quantitative and qualitative research was conducted. The author used the method of individual in-depth interviews (IDI - In-Depth Interviews) and the diagnostic survey method. Research results indicate that the preferred form of developing competences that require improvement are stationary training lasting several days. The respondents declared the need to expand the training offer to include specialized topics related to the scope of duties at a given position, i.e. enabling the development of hard competencies, as well as general competencies relating to each officer and employee, e.g. in the field of first aid or self-defence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the creation of the artwork "A Stitch in Time," inspired by the experiences of the artist working with incarcerated individuals and homeless populations. Topics include the impact of incarceration on individuals' lives, the use of textile art as a medium to explore prison environments, and the examination of themes such as surveillance, language, and rules within the prison system.

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Copyright of Social Psychology / Psihologie Socială is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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"The jail is everywhere" is an edited volume that explores the new geography of mass incarceration in the United States, focusing on the rapid growth of county jails, particularly in rural areas. The book features stories of resistance and organizing efforts against jail expansion in various states, highlighting the need for place-based abolitionist strategies rooted in solidarity. While the text is specific to the American context, it offers insights that may be relevant to Canadian organizers and researchers working on prison justice issues, particularly in understanding the impact of carceral humanism on rural communities. [Extracted from the article]

The criminal justice system, the criminal enforcement system and the prison system are realities built from an androcentric perspective. The fact that only a small part of the crimes that are prosecuted and sentenced have been committed by women places them in a minority position in the enforcement system, which means they have less access to resources and services. This paper aims to analyse what strategies have been undertaken in recent years in order to introduce gender-based transformations in criminal enforcement in Catalonia and to determine what challenges remain. Firstly, we present quantitative and qualitative data relating to the population of women in prison. We then analyse how the passing of new legislation aimed at recognising and extending the principle of equality and non-discrimination in Catalonia impacts criminal enforcement, favouring the deployment of initiatives such as the creation of gender referents for penitentiary centres and specific programmes for women in prison. After reviewing some interesting initiatives promoted from outside the Catalan territory, the paper concludes with six proposals aimed at improving the situation of women who come in contact with the criminal enforcement system and at introducing a gender perspective in the penitentiary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correction to: Gambling Disorder in Male Violent Offenders in the Prison System: Psychiatric and Substance-Related Comorbidity The decimals in percentages and I p i -values in all five tables should be updated. [Extracted from the article]

Despite interest in the subject, the study of prison gangs has been meagre since the late 1980s. Occasional studies appear, but they tend to focus on only the largest prison systems in the US. This introduction to this special issue, Prison Gangs as Organized Crime, provides an overview of notable literature on the emergence and evolution of prison gangs, their relationships with protection, and their organized criminal activities. Moreover, the articles in this special issue explore important questions: How might we study prison gangs at a large scale? How do prison administrators' responses to prison gangs cause prison gangs to adjust their power structures? How do prison gangs seek to establish protection arrangements? And what happens when prison gangs successfully establish protection arrangements beyond prison walls? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work deals with a relevant theme for the academic and social world, as it deals with Youth and Adult Education within the Prison System. Its main objective is to know, through the eyes of the teacher, what are the expectations of his detained student, regarding his educational future and life after prison. Theoretically, it is based on research already published on the internet, in books and magazines. Authors such as: Federal Constitution (1988), Assis (2007), Tavares & Menandro (2004), Criminal Execution Law (1976), Moreira (2007) and others, supported the reasoning of the work. With a qualitative method, a structured individual interview was carried out with two teachers of the Youth and Adult Education modality (EJA) working within the prison system of Salgueiro-PE. After analyzing the data, through the eyes of the teacher, it was mainly evident that most students live without any expectations related to their studies, considering that studying is no longer worth it and that the opportunity to conquer a future through education has already passed. For the teachers, the classes take place in the midst of mistrust in the environment and hampered by the lack of technological resources, which cannot be used inside the prison. It is concluded that, even with so many challenges faced by teachers and inmates, it is relevant to take education to an environment where most dreams are no longer pursued, but there are still those who intend to continue their studies and be re-socialized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work has as its object a critical statement about the admission process of people deprived of liberty (PPL) at the gateway to Rio de Janeiro, who go through unfavorable situations, such as the naturalization of the invisibility of the vulnerable profile of inmates as well as their presentation in custody hearings, with part of their clothing and shoes removed by police officers. The selective profile of PPL does not coincide with the population that commits crimes and crimes, as important and decisive socioeconomic, political, racial and cultural filters operate for deprivation of liberty. Therefore, the custody hearing is a public policy aimed at curbing violations and guaranteeing fundamental rights, which is the guarantee of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing number of women deprived of liberty worldwide, implementing specific strategies that should be applied to the support offered to these women are essential social measures. This study aims to analyze the supply of resources for the social reintegration of former inmates of the Brazilian prison system from a gender perspective. We propose to conduct a documentary analysis on governmental and non-governmental strategies aimed at this audience, with a gender perspective, through an analytical matrix for the 2020-2021 period. The results show several programs in the country aimed at the social reintegration of former prisoners; however, few have a gender perspective. The theme of social reintegration and the prison system was identified in 84 news items on government agencies' websites, 20 of which were federal and 64 state, in 11 international organizations operating in Brazil, and 12 NGOs. Only six had a gender profile. The challenge for the Brazilian penitentiary system is to introduce the citizenship and human dignity approach in the prison system, including an approach to the gender issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the process of medicine dispensation in prisons. A qualitative study was conducted in seven penitentiaries in Paraíba with 13 health professionals and 43 people deprived of liberty using essential/strategic medicines from February to August 2016. The results were categorized from the perspective of Bardin's content analysis. Three categories emerged: medicine storage location in the prison system, delivery process in the prison system, and health-related responsibilities with pharmaceutical care. We can conclude that the lack of pharmacies, the legal non-compliance regarding the availability of skilled professionals with technical competencies to perform the dispensation, focusing on the quality/safety standards and relevance of the use and storage guidelines associated with the lack of clarity in the definition of health responsibilities of managers from a government authority, are factors that compromise the policy since they increase the investment, but do not ensure pharmaceutical care in the prison system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experience report on the supervision of deinstitutionalization of the prison system through the articulation of the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) conducted from 2014 to 2021 within the Superintendence of Mental Health/Municipal Health Secretariat of Rio de Janeiro. This work of deinstitutionalizing people deprived of liberty with mental health problems consists of actions at the exit and entrance doors of the prison system and actions for the care of unimputable and imputable people with mental disorders. In the light of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, formalized by Law No. 10,216/2001, we aim to present an approach to this process counting on the possibilities of building care policies for insane offenders that are not punitive or segregating. The practical results of this work include more significant participation of the network in the construction of care for insane offenders, elaborating policies that avoid the prison career or reduce the asylum time in the penal system, and understanding that security measures must always have an outpatient nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text discusses people with mental disorders in conflict with the law in Brazil and the Custody and Psychiatric Treatment Hospitals, institutions included in the prison system and considered a hybrid between health and justice. When we present the reality in the national context, we show that the Psychiatric Reform did not reach these institutions, and these individuals continue to be stigmatized, and their human rights are violated. We substantiate the need to advance the debate and raise some questions to establish new solutions to tackle the issue and ensure well-structured, scientific evidence-based health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to analyze the social representations of motherhood of pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and those who experienced pregnancy in deprivation of liberty in the prison system. This qualitative study was conducted with 42 women and is grounded on the assumptions of the Theoretical Paradigm of Social Representations. Most participants were young women aged 18-39 (90.5%; n=38) and single (50.0%; n=21); 61.9% (n=26) reported two or more pregnancies and 47.6% (n=20) reported one or more miscarriages. The possible representation of being a mother in prison was crystallized, in semantic terms, mainly by the terms "separation" (f=27; OME: 2.9), "sadness" (f=18; OME: 2.3), "horrible" (f=16; OME: 2.1) and "pain" (f=12; OME: 2.8). In the substitution and decontextualization zone, representations were objectified by the terms "separation" (f=18; OME: 3), "sadness" (f=13; OME: 2.5), "fear" (f=11; OME: 2.2) and "horrible" (f=10; OME: 1.5). It was evident that the centrality of social representations for the study participants reflects the suffering experienced by the separation of the mother-child dyad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes vulnerabilities and prospects of restructuring the lives of women who experienced maternity in prison. This qualitative study was performed with a thematic analysis of the reports of women released from the prison system who experienced pregnancy and delivery in a female penitentiary in a Southern Brazilian capital. Three thematic categories were identified: "Between rupture and freedom", a category focused on the description of moments before the borderline date for the child's stay with the mother in prison, which produces great expectations due to the possibility of women managing to get out of prison along with their child; "Freedom is right there", which narrates leaving prison and the first social contacts outside this environment; and "Inmate in daily life", which addresses the difficulties resulting from social exclusion that women were already facing before imprisonment, that is, having the minimum conditions to keep away from the crime dynamics. Leaving the prison system does not necessarily mean freedom. The "identity crossroads" keep following women and their children even after leaving prison. Therefore, vulnerability manifests itself in the same way or more cruelly than before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study was conducted in 2019 with 202 participants randomly selected from a male penitentiary, with the application of a questionnaire, clinical care, and laboratory tests to estimate the prevalence of risk factors and noncommunicable chronic diseases in people deprived of their liberty. Data analysis verified associations using Fisher's Exact Test and Chi-square Test. The predominant sociodemographic profile of the participants consisted of less-educated single, black, over 30 males with high prison recidivism. Most were sedentary smokers with high alcohol and drug consumption before incarceration. We identified prevalence levels of hypertension (24.8%), dyslipidemia (54.5%), overweight (49.9%), metabolic syndrome (16.8%), and diabetes (2.5%). The difficulty in accessing health services associated with long sentences and the unhealthy environment favors the development and deterioration of chronic diseases and their risk factors, a challenge for the organization of prison health care. This setting reiterates the need to apply resources and efforts to implement comprehensive, longitudinal, and equitable care for people deprived of liberty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]