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This paper describes a new type of prevention education for children’s health and adjustment. Unlike prior programs, this prevention education is based on scientific data and focuses on the roles of unconscious factors and emotions, which are mostly unconscious subtle body reactions. Thus, this education evokes emotions that partially become feelings after emotions rise up to the conscious level, and under the condition that emotions and feelings are sufficiently evoked, adaptive mental characteristics such as thinking, cognizing, and behaving are learned. Thereafter, these learned mental characteristics with evoked emotions and feelings are stored into memories. Thus, when children encounter a situation similar to the one they learned about in class, their mental characteristics, guided by memorized emotions and feelings, work adaptively in real life. Moreover, this paper depicts the methods of assessment for the described prevention education. Although Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) represent the final planned assessment, we are currently preparing for this step, and are now conducting preliminary methods of assessment. At present, we have developed a number of tests to assess implicit features of learning in children using semiprojection methods and writing tasks. Further, we have set up control conditions or groups to compare against intervention conditions or groups, although such conditions and groups have limitations. Finally, future directions for this education to be implemented widely on a regular basis are discussed.

Electric shock due to the increased use of power, equipment accidents, electrical accidents, such as electric fire and also continues to grow. To prevent electric shock accidents, an experience education is more effective than indoctrination education. But an electric shock experience education system required a proper physical stimulation on human body to experience electric shock. In this study, we conducted a study to take advantage of the realistic haptic interface using a low-frequency type experiential learning and prevention education. Results of this study could be applied to an electric shock experience education system.

This article reports on older adults’ perceptions and opinions about the importance of HIV/AIDS prevention education and reasons for participation. It reports on specific themes that emerged from five focus groups consisting of 52 ethnically diverse adults 50 years and older. Participants identified four themes regarding HIV/AIDS prevention education: 1) “Knowing someone who has it”, 2) “Tell me about it at work”, 3) “We’re not dead yet”, and 4) “How do I talk about this with my doctor?” The article discusses the meaning of the findings as they relate to current knowledge about HIV prevention education and older adults, sexual activity, and implications for social work research, education, and outreach.

The authors compared the effectiveness of three methods of educating migrant men about HIV: (a) prevention pamphlets, (b) a small-group lecture, and (c) peer-based prevention education. They recruited 536 migrant men in Mexicali, Mexico, for interviews at baseline and 1-month follow-up. Comparisons were made on five HIV-related outcome variables using repeated-measures general linear regression models. The participants who received the peer education had a greater change in self-efficacy and in behavioral intentions compared with both of the other groups and a greater change in AIDS knowledge and self-control compared with those who received the small-group lecture intervention.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on oral and maxillofacial trauma prevention education experience of students majoring in physical education. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 268 students majoring in physical education in Busan. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics(4 questions), TMJ symptoms(9 questions), oral habit(8 questions), and mouth guard awareness(5 questions). The questionnaire was carried out by 5 Likert scale. Higher points of Likert scale showed the negative tendency except the mouth guard awareness. The higher points of mouth guard awareness showed the positive tendency to use the mouth guard. Results: Male students had higher scores of 2.75 points in bad oral habit than the female students(p

Purpose According to the CDC, in 2014, paediatric unintentional falls were the leading cause of paediatric nonfatal injury in ages 0–4 nationwide. Likewise, in Georgia, the highest burden of admission and ER visits for paediatric falls exists in the 0–4 age group. The purpose of this study was to identify population characteristics, mechanisms of injury, and injuries sustained from falls among those ages 0–4 in Georgia. Methods Data from Georgia Central Trauma Registry (GCTR) was examined for all patients ages 0–4 from Level 1 and Level 2 Trauma Centres with an ICD-9/ICD-10 E-code diagnosis for unintentional falls from January 1, 2014-December 31, 2015 (n=1,058). Additionally, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA) Trauma Registry data, a subset of the GCTR data, was reviewed from CHOA inpatient records. Results The majority of falls were males (56.9%: 602/1,058), from a height of Conclusions Unintentional falls remain a significant burden of injury in the youngest population. To further reduce risk, falls prevention education should be offered to families in settings outside the paediatric clinic including emergency departments, community centres, and daycare facilities. Significance The results of this study provide new information regarding the mechanism of falls injury for the 0–4 population in Georgia. Current paediatric guidelines for falls prevention parent education only include ages 0–18 months. The research results support expanding falls prevention education for parents with children through age 4.

This paper examines the important issue of sexual violence against women with intellectual disability. It is well known that women with Intellectual Disability (ID) are disproportionately vulnerable to sexual exploitation and violence victimisation. What seems particularly concerning, is that despite some sexual violence programs already existing for women with ID, they do not seem to be broadly implemented and evaluated. We argue that sexual violence prevention programs should be offered in community settings, not only for women with ID but also healthcare workers. This, we expect, will result in further research and interagency collaboration, and eventually lead to reducing future sexual victimisation of women with ID.

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effects of a sexual abuse prevention mobile application, SAP_MobAPP, for primary school children. Forty-five subjects were trained for 40 minutes once a week. The experimental group received education that utilized the SAP_MobAPP. Control group A received Web based sexual abuse prevention education, while control group B received textbook based sexual abuse prevention education. Effectiveness was verified through a survey on child sexual abuse recognition and avoidance skills administered before and after training. The SAP_MobAPP program improved recognition (awareness) and the child's skills to avoid child sexual abuse situations, and the effects were long-lasting. However, differences between groups were not statistically significant. This study developed a sexual abuse prevention application and verified its effectiveness. Awareness and skills to avoid child sexual abuse after app education increased immediately after training and four weeks later. The SAP_MobAPP could be used for sexual abuse prevention education in schools.

Health education is an important means of raising older people’s knowledge and awareness about falls prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of delivering a new peer-led falls prevention education presentation on older community-dwelling peoples’:1) beliefs and knowledge about falls prevention; 2) motivation and intention to engage in falls prevention strategies; compared to delivering an existing presentation. A two-group quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design was used. A new falls prevention education program was designed, which incorporated adult learning and behavior change principles. This new presentation was delivered to intervention groups and the existing presentation was delivered to control groups. Response to the presentation was measured at baseline, immediately post-presentation and at one-month follow-up. Beliefs, knowledge, motivation and intention outcomes were compared across these three points of time, within and between the intervention and control groups, using generalized estimating equation modelling. Participants (control n=99; intervention n=133) in both groups demonstrated significantly increased levels of belief and knowledge about falls prevention, and intention to engage in strategies over time, compared to baseline. The intervention group was significantly more likely to report they had developed an action plan to undertake to reduce their risk of falling compared to the control group [OR=1.69, 95% CI (1.03–2.78)]. Women in both groups were significantly more likely to report increased knowledge, intention to take action and development of an action plan to reduce their risk of falling. Peer led education could form an effective component of health programs that target falls prevention.

Providing older patients with individualized falls prevention education was found to significantly reduce rates of falls and injurious falls on hospital rehabilitation wards. The aim of this study was to understand how staff responded to the education and how they perceived the program impacted on falls prevention on their wards. Focus groups were conducted. Participants were clinical staff who were recruited from hospital aged care rehabilitation wards which had previously participated in a cluster randomized trial. During the trial trained health professionals provided individualized falls prevention education to (n=757) patients with good levels of cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination > 23/30). Staff were also provided with training to support the program. Staff feedback was sought after the trial concluded. Data were thematically analysed. Five focus groups were conducted at different hospitals with (n=30) multidisciplinary staff. Staff perceived that the education program generated a positive culture around falls prevention on the wards. The program facilitated a team approach, whereby patients and staff worked together to address falls prevention, with the educator viewed as a valued member of the team. Staff identified that providing patients with education increased their own knowledge and awareness about creating a safe ward environment. Patients being proactive and empowered to engage in falls prevention strategies was viewed as enhancing staff falls prevention efforts and motivation to change practice. Providing individualized patient education to patients with good levels of cognition can empower staff and patients to work as a team to address falls prevention on hospital rehabilitation wards

Cigarette smoking not only damages the health of adolescents, but also contributes to air pollution. The Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act in Taiwan stipulates that cigarettes should not be sold to persons younger than 18 years. Therefore, schools should actively educate students and raise awareness of the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act to reduce the level of damage to the health of adolescents and maintain good air quality. This study had two main goals: (1) to evaluate the stipulation that no person shall provide tobacco products to persons under the age of 18 and the effects of counseling strategies on store managers confirming customer ages before tobacco sale in southern Taiwan; and (2) to evaluate the situation of tobacco hazard prevention education conducted by school in southern Taiwan. A cross-sectional design was adopted for this study. Study I: The investigation involved an analysis of 234 retailers including convenience stores (n = 70), grocery stores (n = 83), and betel nut stalls (n = 81). The results indicated that among the 234 retailers, 171 (73.1%) of them routinely failed to confirm the buyers’ ages before allowing them to purchase tobacco. The number of retailers who exhibited failure to confirm customer ages before selling tobacco products had decreased from 171 (73.1%) to 59 (25.2%) and that of those who confirmed customer ages before selling tobacco products had increased from 63 (26.9%) to 175 (74.8%) after counseling strategies had been provided, thereby revealing statistical significance (χ2 = 11.26, p < 0.001). Study II: A total of 476 (89.1%) participants had received tobacco hazards prevention education and 58 (10.9%) had not. Among the various residential areas, the highest percentage of participants that did not received tobacco hazards prevention education located in the plane regions (8.4%). The government organizations should continue to adopt counseling strategies to reduce the rate of disobedience of the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act by selling tobacco products to minors. Schools should pay close attention to tobacco hazard prevention education for junior high school students to ensure that such students are adequately educated about tobacco hazard prevention.

Objectives: This study assessed the extent to which consuming alcohol prior to sexual activity influenced college students' verbal/behavior cues utilized to communicate consent (external consent) as well as their feelings associated with consent (internal consent). Methods: Data was collected via paper-and-pencil surveys administered to heterosexual college students (N = 794) in the United States. Results: After controlling for gender, relationship status, rape myth acceptance, and alcohol expectancies, findings indicated that alcohol consumption prior to sexual activity was associated with both internal and external consent. Conclusions: Current findings can help inform sexual assault prevention education programming given the high rates of sexual assault occurring on college campuses that involve alcohol consumption.

A survey of adolescents (N?=?1,488) documented Facebook use and experience with cyber bullying. The study found that 84 % of adolescents (middle school through college undergraduates) use Facebook, and that most users log on daily. While 30 % of the sample reported being cyber bullied, only 12.5 % quit using the site, and only 18 % told a parent or school official about the abuse. Up to 75 % of middle school Facebook users have experienced cyber bullying. The current study was the first to apply the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) to cyber bullying or to test the model with children and adolescents. Results suggest that most adolescents are aware of cyber bullying and acknowledge it as a problem in their school. About half of the adolescents did not progress beyond Stage 2 of the PAPM (aware of the problem, but haven't really thought about it). Adolescents also exhibited optimistic bias, believing they were less likely than peers to become cyber bullied. Implications for prevention education are discussed.

HIV and AIDS is an epidemic that has remained a serious health concern across the globe for more than a quarter of a century since it was first diagnosed in 1981. This is in spite of a myriad of health education and prevention programs that have been developed and are in use. Current studies in Kenya concur that information on HIV and AIDS prevention is readily available. Focus is now on quality and policies that guide implementation of prevention education programs. This paper therefore attempts to give a detailed analysis of the HIV and AIDS curriculum that is used in Secondary Schools in Kenya. This is achieved by using Basil Bernstein’s model of Pedagogic discourse. This model entails a set of concepts and criteria which are invaluable in studying the curriculum. The classroom texts and class readers are critically analyzed using this model so as to illuminate on this curriculum.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate the effect of a metabolic syndrome prevention program using mobile application for university students.METHODS: A pretest-posttest design with content analysis as a triangulation method was used. The participants were 49 university students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi2-test, t-test and Fisher's exact test with the SPSS WIN 18.0 program.RESULTS: The application consisted of six main menus as follows: 'basic education', 'nutrition education', 'exercise education', 'meal diary', 'exercise checkup', and 'tips'.The experimental group had higher recognition about metabolic syndrome prevention than the control group (F=7.919, p=.007). Understanding of metabolic syndrome among participants was mostly related to chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes in relation to the importance of eating habits and exercising.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that metabolic syndrome prevention education using mobile application is necessary and would be useful for university students.

A survey of adolescents (N = 1,488) documented third-person perception (TPP) regarding Facebook use and cyber bullying. As Facebook establishes itself as the dominant social network, users expose themselves to a level of bullying not possible in the analog world. The study found that 84% of adolescents (middle school through college undergraduates) use Facebook, and that most users log on daily. While 30% of the sample reported being cyber bullied, only 12.5% quit using the site, and only 18% told a parent or school official. Despite heavy use and exposure, adolescents exhibit TPP, believing others are more likely to be negatively affected by Facebook use. The study contributes to the TPP literature, by linking the perceptual bias to self-protective behaviors. A range of self-protective behaviors from precautionary (deleting or blocking abusive users) to reactionary (quitting Facebook) were related to decreased degrees of TPP. TPP was also related to optimistic bias, experience, liking of and use of Facebook, and perceived subjective norms and age. Implications for prevention education are discussed.

This study evaluates a newly designed HIV/AIDS program that combined Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) services with online prevention education videos featuring South African celebrities. Learners from five public secondary schools in Cape Town participated in the pilot study (N = 3,271). Results indicated participant reactions to the video were overwhelmingly positive, and there were both significant increases in HIV knowledge and significant decreases in fear of being tested. Eighty-eight percent of learners received HIV tests and indicated much higher rates of VCT uptake than comparable programs implemented in South Africa. Future research possibilities are discussed, as well as recommendations for programs delivering similar services among diverse populations.

This study examined the effects of peer relationships, depression, and aggression on bullying and victimization among boys and girls. The subjects were 364 3rd grade students (boys, 218; girls, 146) and 368 6th grade students (boys, 186; girls, 182), that is, a total of 732 students from three elementary schools. Data were collected on bullying, victimization, peer relationships (mutual friendship, mutual antipathy, and peer popularity), depression, and aggression (overt aggression and relationship aggression) from July 12, 2012 to July 13, 2012. These data were analyzed by means of a chi-squared analysis, t-test, and a logistic regression analysis. The results revealed that there were differences by sex in the case of direct bullying and victimization but no differences in the case of indirect bullying and victimization. Among boys, the factors influencing direct bullying were depression and overt aggression, and the factor influencing direct/indirect victimization was depression. Among girls, the factors influencing direct bullying were mutual antipathy relations and relational aggression, the factors influencing indirect victimization were mutual antipathy relations and peer popularity, the factor influencing indirect bullying was mutual antipathy relations, and the factor influencing indirect victimization was peer popularity. The results of this study showed that the factors influencing bullying and victimization are differences in sex. Finally, the implications and methodology for developing bullying prevention education programs were discussed.

Given the emphasis on prevention in U.S. health care reform efforts, the importance of interprofessional education (IPE) that prepares health professions students to be part of effective health care teams is greater than ever. This study examined the prevalence and nature of IPE and interprofessional (IP) prevention education in U.S. academic health centers.The authors extracted a 10-item survey from the longer published IPE Assessment and Planning Instrument. In September 2010, they sent the survey to 346 health professions leaders in health sciences schools and colleges at 100 academic health centers. These institutions were identified via the online membership list of the Association of Academic Health Centers. The authors conducted descriptive statistical analysis and cross-tabulations.Surveys were completed by 127 contacts at 68 universities in 31 states and the District of Columbia. IPE was more prevalent than IP prevention education in all categories of measurement. Respondents affirmed existence of IPE in courses (85.0%) and in clinical rotations/internships (80.3%). The majority reported personnel with responsibility for IPE (68.5%) or prevention education (59.8%) at their institutional unit, and 59.8% reported an IPE office or center.This study provides evidence that IPE and IP prevention education exist in academic health centers, but additional attention should be paid to the development of IP prevention education. Sample syllabi, job descriptions, and policies may be available to support adoption of IPE and IP prevention education. Further effort is needed to increase the integration of IP and prevention education into practice.

Introduction: Sexual assault continues to be a pervasive health issue among college students in the USA. Prevention education initiatives have been implemented to address this concern. However, little is known about college students’ perceptions of such programming. The purpose of this study was to assess predictors of college students’ perceptions of the importance of sexual assault prevention education for themselves and for college students in general. Methods: We recruited college students ( n = 252) from undergraduate classes at a medium-sized, mid-western university to participate in a closed-ended, paper-and-pencil survey. Results: The majority of participants perceived sexual assault prevention education as important for themselves (88.7%) and for college students in general (97.1%). Several characteristics emerged as predictors of students’ perceptions of the importance of sexual assault prevention education programmes. Discussion: Gender and age were significant predictors of students’ perceptions of the personal importance in experiencing sexual assault prevention education. Gender, age, participation in a student organisation and previous experience of sexual assault emerged as significant predictors of students’ perception of the general importance of sexual assault prevention education. Conclusion: Sexual assault prevention educators could seek out specific individuals whom think prevention education is important, in order to involve them in prevention efforts as peer-educators.

Background: Internet-based educational interventions may be useful for impacting knowledge and behavioral change. However, in AD prevention, little data exists about which educational tools work best in terms of learning and interest in participating in clinical trials. Objectives: Primary: Assess effectiveness of interactive webinars vs. written blog-posts on AD prevention learning. Secondary: Evaluate the effect of AD prevention education on interest in participating in clinical trials; Assess usability of, and user perceptions about, an online AD education research platform; Classify target populations (demographics, learning needs, interests). Design: Observational Setting: Online Participants: Men/Women, aged 25+, recruited via facebook.com Intervention: Alzheimer’s Universe (www.AlzU.org) education research platform Measurements: Pre/post-test performance, self-reported Likert-scale ratings, completion rates Results: Over two-weeks, 4268 visits were generated. 503 signed-up for a user account (11.8% join rate), 196 participated in the lessons (39.0%) and 100 completed all beta-testing steps (19.9%). Users randomized to webinar instruction about AD prevention and the stages of AD demonstrated significant increases (p=0.01) in pre vs. post-testing scores compared to blog-post intervention. Upon joining, 42% were interested in participating in a clinical trial in AD prevention. After completing all beta-test activities, interest increased to 86%. Users were primarily women and the largest category was children of AD patients. 66.3% joined to learn more about AD prevention, 65.3% to learn more about AD treatment. Conclusions: Webinar-based education led to significant improvements in learning about AD prevention and the stages of AD. AlzU.org participation more than doubled interest in AD prevention clinical trial participation. Subjects were quickly and cost-effectively recruited, and highly satisfied with the AD education research platform. Based on these data, we will further refine AlzU.org prior to public launch and aim to study the effectiveness of 25 interactive webinar-based vs. blog-post style lessons on learning and patient outcomes, in a randomized, within-subjects design trial.

Background: India contains largest populations of child victim of sexual abuse. Current study aimed to find out awareness, orientation, execution of parents for child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention education and study the awareness of CSA prevention education among children attending pre-primary and primary school.Method: It was cross-sectional study carried out during 2016-2017 at government and private school of Gwalior. Total 500 parents and 500 children were selected Proforma based assessment was done among parents and diagrammatic (picture) based assessment among children, Children are explained about diagrammatic proforma and give to color area of good touch and bad touch.Results: The study revealed that 34% of parents are unaware of various facts of child sexual abuse (p

Topic Significance & Study Purpose/Background/Rationale BMT patients are a high-risk population for CLABSIs due to chemotherapy, severe neutropenia and immunosuppressive therapy. In 2016 and 2017, Michigan Medicine's adult BMT unit noted an increased CLABSI rate. Nurses on the unit completed a vigorous root cause analysis to evaluate contributing factors and areas for improvement. A CLABSI action plan was implemented in 2016 in attempt to decrease the unit's annual CLABSI rate. Methods, Intervention, & Analysis Several action plan items were identified, which included creating a timeline of events, CLABSI prevention education with staff, and competency check offs. An adult oncology CLABSI committee was created. Weekly central line audits were started to assess for adherence to the hospital's CLABSI maintenance bundle. Nursing noticed residual blood left in the new needleless connector product being used across the hospital. Benchmarking was done with other BMT units, and the adult BMT unit trialed and approved a new cap. Education was done on CHG use and an escalation process was implemented for refusing patients. New hygiene practices were implemented using CHG wipes around the central line, in addition to CHG soap. Initiatives were made to decrease the number of central line accesses, and lab draw techniques were reviewed and standardized. Alcohol caps and antimicrobial patches were trialed and implemented. Findings & Interpretation CLABSI rates (number of CLABSIs/number of central line days) were tracked annually. In 2016, the rate was at its highest at 2.6. After implementation of the action items, the rate decreased to 2.0 in 2017, and 0.6 in 2018. Nursing staff became consistent with central line care after individualized demonstrations. The CLABSI timeline allowed visualization of CLABSIs in relation to specific time points. After trialing and approving the new cap, 97% of staff stated that they never or rarely needed to change a cap due to residual blood. Central line audits showed improvement in CHG compliance (increase 58% to 88%). Discussion & Implications By doing a vigorous root cause analysis, identifying gaps and implementing EBP, and increasing education, our adult BMT unit decreased its CLABSI rate and increased compliance with central line care.

Objective: To address the gap in knowledge about HIV risk reduction materials that target older adults. This review offered a comprehensive and rigorous examination of HIV risk reduction education materials that targeted older adults in the United States, assessing the gap in their coverage and content. Method: A cross-sectional review of both print and Internet sources from state departments of public health, state and area agencies on aging, and web resources that targeted older populations was performed. Results: Of 29 health departments and 13 state and area agencies on aging that responded to the request, there were 9 HIV education materials identified that targeted older people. Of those materials, only 2 addressed the majority of aging-specific recommendations made from a previous study that described important HIV risk reduction information. Discussion: Recommendations are made about dissemination ideas to increase awareness and utilization of HIV educational materials.

Purpose This study used a system dynamics methodology to identify correlation and nonlinear feedback structures among factors affecting adolescent cyberbullying victims (CV) in Korea and to construct and verify a simulation model. Methods Factors affecting CV were identified by reviewing a theoretical background in existing literature and referencing various statistical data. Related variables were identified through content validity verification by an expert group, after which a causal loop diagram (CLD) was constructed based on the variables. A stock-flow diagram (SFD) using Vensim Professional 7.3 was used to establish a CV model. Results Based on the literature review and expert verification, 22 variables associated with CV were identified and the CLD was prepared. Next, a model was developed by converting the CLD to an SFD. The simulation results showed that the variables such as negative emotions, stress levels, high levels of conflict in schools, parental monitoring, and time spent using new media had the strongest effects on CV. The model's validity was verified using equation check, sensitivity analysis for time-step and simulation with 4 CV adolescent. Conclusion The system dynamics model constructed in this study can be used to develop intervention strategies in schools that are focused on counseling that can prevent cyberbullying and assist in the victims' recovery by formulating a feedback structure and capturing the dynamic changes observed in CV. To prevent cyberbullying, it is necessary to develop more effective strategies such as prevention education, counseling and treatment that considers factors pertaining to the individual, family, school, and media.

Osteopathic medical schools in the United States offer varied curricula to teach Prevention. This study determined the degree to which most U.S. osteopathic medical schools include the core four competencies of health promotion and disease prevention: clinical prevention, quantitative skills, health services organization and delivery, and community dimensions of medical practice topics. The study also identified evaluation methods, curriculum barriers, and potential implementation plans using a direct survey to address the state of Prevention curricula as taught at U.S. osteopathic medical schools. This study identified curricula that focused on preventive education, specific assessment methods used therein, institutions currently using Prevention education curricula that teach to the four competencies, and institution identified barriers to Prevention education. For the majority of responding schools, Prevention coursework was a required part of the core curriculum. Delivering Prevention education to U.S. osteopathic medical students was found to be highly variable, whether in a single course, or throughout the curricula. The study demonstrated a need for greater attention to Prevention in the overall curricula to include Health Services Organization and Delivery as well as Community Dimensions of Medical Practice to osteopathic medical education in population-based approaches to public health.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the status of tuberculosis (TB) infection control in hospitals. Method: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which self-administered questionnaires were used to survey 77 hospitals. Data were collected from August 12 to September 15, 2012. Results: Only 27 institutions (35.1%) were monitoring patients infected with or suspected of having TB. Most hospitals were conducting TB prevention education for patients` family and employees, and TB screening for employees along with follow-up examinations. However, private negative pressure rooms were more often available in wards and intensive care units than in outpatient departments, and in institutions with over 700 beds located in Seoul or GyeongGi Province. Most hospitals ensured that masks were placed on infected patients while transporting them. In addition, efforts to control TB infection such as placing respiratory etiquette posters in outpatient departments and airborne infection signs on the doors in the wards were also well established in most institutions. Conclusion: More efforts are needed to improve the status of TB infection control to ensure quality care, especially in terms of monitoring patients with TB infections and making private negative pressure rooms available in outpatient departments.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of the Fall Prevention Education Program (FPEP) on those providing direct care in elderly care facilities regarding fall-related knowledge, fall-related burden, and caring behaviors for fall prevention. The FPEP developed in the study was implemented for 80 minutes per session and four sessions in total. Participants included a total of 47 subjects, 24 in the experimental group and 23 in the control group. The program was implemented from July 16 through August 31, 2012. Data were analyzed using -tests, Fisher`s exact probability tests, independent t-tests, and analyses of covariance using the SPSS/Win 19.0 program. According to the pre-and post-test, the experimental group participated in the program showed an increase in fall -related knowledge (t

The general population has largely understood the opioid crisis as affecting younger adults. However, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017), adults between the ages of 45–54 had the highest death rate from drug overdose and overdose death rates increased the greatest in adults aged 55–64. Additionally, reports from AARP (2018) indicated that approximately 2.7 million Americans over age 50 are currently taking opioids for reasons contrary to or in amounts beyond what was originally prescribed. While there has been a national emphasis to address the opioid crisis, few efforts are currently in place that specifically address the impact of the opioid crisis on adults over age 50. The availability of web-based opioid prevention education materials on the websites of the Ohio Department of Aging (ODA) and all 12 Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) in Ohio were investigated. Results indicated that these 13 websites did not include pertinent information on the impact of the opioid crisis on middle-aged and older adults. Based on these findings, the researcher worked with ODA, the Northwest Ohio AAA, the Wood County Opiate Task Force, and the Wood County Committee on Aging to develop a comprehensive opioid prevention education strategy for middle-aged and older adults. A key objective of the strategy was to plan, implement, and coordinate evidence-based opioid prevention education programs specifically tailored for these populations. This author will discuss the opioid prevention education programs and the research activities that assessed opioid knowledge gained using both qualitative and quantitative measures.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of a fall prevention education on the fall-related knowledge, prevention activity of the elderly hospitalized in internal medicine department. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for this study. A total of 44 patients of the elderly hospitalized in internal medicine department were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=22) and the control group (n=22). The experimental group received about an half hour, fall prevention education at the admission day, 3days and 5days after admission, while the control group received the usual care. The outcome variables were measured before and after fall prevention education. Data were analyzed with x 2 -test and t-test by using SPSS 12. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvement in fallrelated knowledge and prevention activity. Conclusion: The fall prevention education was effective in increasing fall-related knowledge and prevention activity of the elderly hospitalized in internal medicine department. For reducing fall events, it is important to educate the elderly hospitalized about fall-related knowledge and prevention activity related to fall.

Literature indicates a knowledge gap in the preparedness of teachers to deliver sexuality and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention education to learners with intellectual disabilities in Africa. This paper reports on teachers’ opinions on sexuality of Nigerian learners with intellectual disabilities and awareness of their risk of HIV infection. The study utilized key informant interviews with 12 teachers to explore their views on the sexuality and risk of HIV exposure of learners with intellectual disabilities in special schools across Oyo State, Nigeria. Interview scripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Teachers considered learners with intellectual disabilities as ‘hypersexual’ and incapable of intimate relationships. Learners with intellectual disabilities were reported to be at risk of exposure to HIV infection due to sexual abuse, transactional sex and lack of sexuality and HIV education. Teachers expressed confidence to deliver sexuality and HIV education but lacked skills to communicate relevant information to learners with intellectual disabilities in accessible formats. Teachers’ negative attitudes, misconception and lack of skills to deliver sexuality education to learners with intellectual disabilities have to be addressed through training. Further studies are needed to provide baseline information for developing a tailored sexuality and HIV education for Nigerian learners with different types of disabilities.

This study aims to provide basic evidence for establishing prevention programs of school` mental health by identifying the factors of middle and high school student`s depression and suicidal ideation related to stress of peer-relationship. For this purpose, we analyzed the data of 6,924 (who Experienced stress related to peer-relationship) among the 2012 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior Online Survey(8th). In demographic characteristics, subjective academic achievement affects depression in the case of girls. In health-related characteristics, medical treatment by violence, drinking experience, smoking experience have an effect on depression in the case of boys. Subjective health, drinking experience, smoking experience, drug experience are the factors affecting suicidal ideation both boys and girls. In order to promote mental health of youth, school-based prevention education complementing existing realistic problems needs to be implemented.

Helical Tomotherapy is an innovative means of delivering intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using a device that merges features of a linear accelerator and helical computed tomography (CT) scanner. Hereat, during helical tomotherapy process, megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) image are usually used for guiding the precise set-up of patient before/after treatment delivery. But which would certainly increase the total dose for patients, this study was to investigate the imaging dose of MVCT using the cylindrical "Cheese" phantom on a tomotherapy machine. A set of cylindrical "Cheese" phantom was adopted for scanning with respectively pitch value (1, 2, 3 mm) with same number slice (10 slice), same length (approximately 9 cm) and phantom set-ups on the couch of tomotherapy system. The average MVCT imaging dose were measured using A1SL ion chamber inserted in the phantom with preset geometry. The MVCT scanning average dose for the cylindrical "Cheese" phantom was 2.24 cGy, 1.02 cGy, 0.81 cGy during respectively pitch value (pitch 1, 2, 3 mm) with same number slice (10 slice), and same length's average dose was 2.47 cGy, 1.28 cGy, 0.88 cGy respectively (pitch 1, 2, 3 mm). Two major parameters, the assigned pitch numbers and scanning length, where the most important impacts to the dose variation. The MVCT dose was inversely proportional to the CT pitch value. The results may provide a reliable guidance for proper planning design of the scanning region, which is valuable to help minimize the extra dose to patient. Questionnaires were distributed to Radiology departments at hospitals with 300 sickbeds throughout the Pohang region of North Gyeongsang Province concerning awareness and performance levels of infection control. The investigation included measurements of the pollution levels of imaging equipment and assistive apparatuses in order to prepare a plan for the activation of prevention and management of hospital infections. The survey was designed to question respondents in regards to personal data, infection management prevention education, and infection management guidelines.

Young adults continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV and AIDS. Despite efforts, antibody testing rates have remained stable. Utilizing a sample of 1,874 students from three universities and seven instruments, this study examined hypothesized demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial predictors of HIV antibody testing. Logistic regression indicated that sexual regulation, depression, attributional style, drug and alcohol use/abuse, HIV knowledge, and sexual risks significantly predicted the likelihood of testing among students. Comprehensive HIV prevention approaches among youth must examine the impact of personal and health locus of control and mood state, among other factors, on health promoting and protective behaviors.

This study aimed at obtaining a greater understanding of the emotional aspects for teachers’ of extra-role activities in drug and alcohol prevention education that are subjectively perceived by principals and teachers as discretionary and non-formally prescribed. The study also exposes the determinants affecting these activities. Based on interviews with 40 Israeli educators, it was found that extra-role activities in prevention education, such as thorough monitoring of at-risk students, personal conversations/guidance and strong involvement in school projects are embedded with emotions such as empathy, caring and sensitivity. Similarly, both negative emotions such as fear and disguise and positive emotions such as positive feedback and emotional commitment are among the major determinants of teachers’ extra-role activities. Theoretical and practical implications are suggested.

PurposeAs a result of awareness of the increasing school accidents in recent years and severe damage to school infrastructure by Typhoon Morakot, this paper seeks to discuss the current natural disaster prevention education strategy in Taiwan and investigates the seriously damaged schools from Typhoon Morakot.Design/methodology/approachMethods of analysis used in this paper include aerial photo interpretation of landslides and debris flows with the aid of field investigation and spatial rainfall distribution by GIS analysis. Additionally, the reasons attributed to the schools’ damages and disaster prevention education strategies in schools after Morakot are discussed.FindingsAfter an overall review of the current disaster prevention education programs, the following items are to be stressed in disaster prevention education as a result of studying the effects of Typhoon Morakot: integration of disaster prevention education into formal school curricula; teacher training for campus disaster prevention education; development of a coalition of campus and community‐based disaster management; and study of the impact of climate change and school vulnerability. School infrastructure safety evaluation and risk assessment, education materials and design activities for psychological recovery after disasters, and the connection of school safety management and community‐based disaster prevention are deemed urgent after Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan.Originality/valueThe current achievements of disaster prevention education in Taiwan include the development of operation and support mechanisms, curricula development and experimental schools selection, development of teacher training program, the popularization of disaster prevention education, the development and use of learning materials, and the determination of an effective assessment mechanism. It is expected that disaster prevention education will become part of the formal school curricula. School safety and vulnerability assessments as a result of climate change and student psychological recovery following disasters are urgent lessons to be implemented after learning from the results of Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan.

Like many developing or transitional countries affected by the HIV epidemic, The Bahamas has been deeply committed to HIV and sexually transmitted infection reduction and continues to make great strides in controlling the epidemic within its boundaries. Encouraged by the impact of the Focus on Youth Caribbean (FOYC), a school-based HIV/AIDS prevention programme and its parenting component on Grade 6 and Grade 10 students and their parents, a team of researchers from The Bahamas and the United States sought to implement a similar programme at a national level, while simultaneously evaluating factors that impact the sustainability of sexual risk-reduction programmes like FOYC. This paper describes five research projects conducted in The Bahamas between 1998 and 2016 and includes a list of over 40 published research articles

Child sexual abuse (CSA) threatens children’s safety and even their lives. CSA is increasing steadily, despite the government’s efforts to decrease and prevent its incidence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Education (C-SAPE) program on fifth-grade elementary school students’ competence in terms of their knowledge and self-protective behaviors. Participants included 39 children who completed the C-SAPE program and a control group of 50 children. A nonequivalent control group pre-/posttest design was used to examine the effectiveness of C-SAPE. Significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups’ mean difference (post–pre) in competence scores ( t = 3.354, p = .001), especially in the category of self-protective behaviors ( t = 2.641, p = .010). The C-SAPE program may be effective in increasing elementary school students’ self-protective behaviors related to sexual abuse.

This paper aims to analyze the current alcohol consumption situation with special attention being paid to the preferences of university students. The study was carried out on a total of 628 Â students (men and women) from University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania. A general questionnaire assessed alcoholic beverage preference. This study offers information to education specialists, public health organizations and different organizations (prevention education programs).

As utilization rate of Internet is getting higher, the importance of a prevention education for cybercrimes is getting more important. But the approaches for the existing information security education still were not sufficient to prevent effectively actual cybercrimes because they mainly focused on theories. Through this study, we will be able to figure out the ways to prevent cybercrimes by letting learners indirectly experience them.

Recently there has been various forms of sexual assault against elementary school children at various locations. In order to prevent such incidents, various educational applications for sexual violence prevention are being developed. As mobile devices are becoming more prevalent, the prevention education applications developed are optimized for the mobile devices. However, a more precise user interface design is required to enhance the efficacy of the education. This research suggests a method to enhance the user interface of an already existing sexual violence prevention application for elementary school students. It also explains a case in which the suggested user interface design method was implemented on an application according to the configuration of the proposed user interface. The results showed the learning experience was effective with the enhancements made on the user interface.

The term “new psychoactive substances” (NPS) can be defined as individual drugs in pure form or in complex preparations that are not scheduled under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961) or the Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971). NPS may be categorized by chemical structure, by psychoactive properties, by biological targets, or by source (plant, synthetic, or combined). The emergence of hundreds of NPS in the past decade is challenging for public health and drug policies globally. The novelty of NPS, their ambiguous legal status, ability to evade toxicological tests, swift adaptation to legal restrictions, global Internet marketing, and scant public knowledge of their adverse effects are among the key drivers of this twenty-first century phenomenon. Multi-disciplinary research in areas of biology, epidemiology, prevention, and web analytics are needed to develop effective responses in a domain capable of overwhelming current international conventions and national drug control policies. Ultimately, research-guided prevention education will fortify societies against this tidal wave.

Objectives: The aim of this article is to analyze the factors associated with HIV testing among 767 sexually active women. Methods: Participants were administered several self-report questionnaires that assessed behavioral and psychosocial measures. Results: Overall, 59.8% of the participants reported ever having tested for HIV. Results show that higher levels of education, being pregnant or having been pregnant, concern about AIDS, AIDS knowledge, self-efficacy in condom negotiation and perception of no risk in partner significantly predicted the likelihood of testing among women. Attending the mass was negatively associated with HIV testing. Conclusions: These findings provide information that can be used in the development of a focused gender sensitive HIV prevention program to increase HIV testing., This work was supported by the Center of Philosophical and Humanistic Studies of the Portuguese Catholic University, funded by the Foundation of Science and Technology, under grant number PEst-OE/FIL/UI0683/2014., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of government workers in charge of forest fire on forest fire prevention education. A survey was conducted on forest fire prevention officers in Kangwon Province, Ulsan and Gyeongsang Province to find out their awareness of the necessity of forest fire prevention education, their preference for a curriculum and courses, and their opinions on the appropriateness of the current forest fire punishment regulations, the right time for forest fire prevention education and forest fire prevention educators. The collected data were analyzed to provide information on the development of effective forest fire education programs.