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Continuous cropping is the primary cultivation method in Chinese facility agriculture, and the challenge of it stands as a global issue in soil remediation. Growing tomatoes continuously on the same plot for an extended period can result in outbreaks of tomato bacterial wilt. It is caused by the soil-borne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, a widespread plant pathogen that inflicts considerable damage on economically significant crops worldwide. Simultaneously, this plant pathogen proves extremely resilient, as it can adhere to plant residues and persist through the winter, continuing to infect plants in subsequent years. Scientists have dedicated considerable efforts towards finding effective methods to manage this disease. This article delineates the characteristics of tomato bacterial wilt and the various types of pathogenic bacteria involved. It systematically reviews the progress in research aimed at controlling tomato bacterial wilt, encompassing both physical and biological aspects concerning soil and plants. Emphasis is placed on the principles and current applications of these control measures, alongside proposed improvements to address their limitations. It is anticipated that the future of tomato bacterial wilt control will revolve around the development of a novel environmental protection system and efficient control strategies, focusing on microecological management and enhancing tomato resistance against bacterial wilt through breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a review of studies that examine the effectiveness of prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in reducing the risk of surgical site infections (SSI) in patients with closed surgical wounds. The review found that NPWT can be effective in reducing the risk of SSI, as well as other complications such as wound dehiscence and the need for wound debridement. However, there is still debate about the overall benefit of NPWT, and more research is needed to confirm its efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Another study specifically focused on the use of NPWT for mastectomy wounds and found conflicting results regarding its impact on wound complications. Overall, NPWT may be effective in reducing certain complications associated with surgical wounds, but further research is needed to fully understand its benefits and limitations. The findings of these studies contribute to improving clinical practices in managing surgical wounds and ultimately improving patient outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

Alien Species Spartina alterniflora occupy the living space of native animals and plants, and lead to the reduction of biodiversity in the intertidal zone and wetland ecological service functions. Therefore, it is urgent to curb the rapid expansion of S. alterniflora in China’s coastal areas. This paper introduced the invasion situation and main ecological hazards of S. alterniflora in China, as well as put forward the concept of S. alterniflora control of “hazard assessment – zoning control – monitoring and early warning”. We summarized the control technologies of S. alterniflora at home and abroad and the current situation of S. alterniflora management in China. Different control technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the integrated control technology combined with different technologies can usually achieve better control effect. As of early June 2023, China has implemented nearly 200 projects for controlling S. alterniflora, with most of the control costs being less than 60000 yuan per hectare. Finally, suggestions were put forward for future research: (1) combine prevention and control, and establish a long-term mechanism for the control of S. alterniflora; (2) optimize integrated control technologies, and strengthen the research and development of professional machinery and equipment; and (3) strengthen the evaluation of the control efficacy of the control project and its impact on the environment and biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreaks of African Swine Fever (ASF) in China are ongoing, and the inadequate management of the pig supply chain is criticized. In the past four years, a series of preventive and control measures have been supplied national wide, while the outbreaks have not been terminated. This suggests the existing animal disease management at the district level may not be appropriate to control ASF under the current situation of the ASF outbreak in China. It is urgent to further describe real distribution areas of ASF in China. In this study, we combined four regional-scale models to predict the risk distribution of ASF in mainland China and identify risk factors related to ASF outbreaks. The results showed that the four regional-scale models were more accurate in predicting the ASF outbreaks than the nationwide scale model. The four regional-scale models identified the potential risk factors associated with ASF outbreaks, such as population density, pig density, land cover, temperature, and elevation factors. Moreover, seven clusters with high potential risk of ASF outbreaks were identified. Then, based on the results, we proposed more suitable prevention and control plans for ASF, which can assist the implementation of transport management policies within and between risk clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Target: BP™ is a national initiative launched by the American Heart Association and the American Medical Association in 2017 in response to the high prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) in the United States. Target: BP™ provides support to health care organizations and health care teams, with no user fees, to improve the quality of care for adults with hypertension by providing education and resources and recognizing organizations committed to prioritizing and reporting their rate of BP control. Through Target: BP™, the American Heart Association and the American Medical Association also collaborate to align policy with evidence through federal, state, and institutional policy advocacy and raise public awareness through media campaigns. In 2022, Target: BP™ recognized 1309 health care organizations serving 8.4 million patients with hypertension for prioritizing BP control, 675 of which affirmed performance of evidence-based BP measurement activities and 551 of which reported BP control rates =70%. With the proportion of US adults with controlled BP falling to 48.2% from 2017 to 2020, Target: BP™ remains focused on regaining lost ground in national BP control rates by emphasizing accurate BP measurement, rapid treatment intensification, healthful lifestyle changes, and evidence-based use of self-measured BP monitoring. Target: BP™ also emphasizes adoption of team-based care models and prioritizing equitable health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundChronic kidney disease is associated with adverse outcomes among patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes. Commonly used medications to treat CVD are less effective among patients with reduced kidney function.MethodsREDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial) was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that randomly assigned statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides (135-499 mg/dL) who had CVD or diabetes and 1 additional risk factor to treatment with icosapent ethyl (4 g daily) or placebo. Patients from REDUCE-IT were categorized by prespecified estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) categories to analyze the effect of icosapent ethyl on the primary end point (composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina) and key secondary end point (a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke).ResultsAmong the 8179 REDUCE-IT patients, median baseline eGFR was 75 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 (range, 17-123 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2). There were no meaningful changes in median eGFR for icosapent ethyl versus placebo across study visits. Treatment with icosapent ethyl led to consistent reduction in both the primary and key secondary composite end points across baseline eGFR categories. Patients with eGFR

Background and Purpose: Dengue fever has become a major public health problem in many world regions due to increased trade, travel, and problems controlling Aedes vectors. This policy brief aims to review, analyze, and present evidence-based policies for dengue prevention and control. Materials and Methods: The present research is a compilation of a policy brief in Iran, carried out in 3 stages according to its methodology. In the first stage, the problem’s justification and description were provided systematically by examining scientific documents by searching national and international scientific databases, websites, guidelines, and books. In the second stage, the first author prepared a draft of the priority elements related to the policy framework and discussed them with other authors. In the third stage, the draft questions were categorized and summarized, and subsequently, the policies were compiled in close discussion with all authors. Results: According to the recommendations of the best available evidence in the literature, 5 policy options were presented for the prevention and control of dengue fever as follows: 1) developing basic, applied, and innovative research; 2) strengthening the capacity and capability of the human, infrastructural, and health system in all relevant sectors for the surveillance, control, monitoring, and evaluation; 3) strengthening inter- and intra-sectoral coordination and collaboration; 4) community engagement and mobilization; and 5) scaling up of functions and integrating tools. Conclusion: To increase the long-term impact of policies, it is recommended to use an integrated approach with the continuous support of all stakeholders (local, national, and regional).

Background: Lifestyle modifications and medication compliance are key strategies. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of community-based care delivered by trained primary healthcare providers in management of hypertension. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted between two groups of newly diagnosed hypertensive patients to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention. Six blocks in a district were chosen with pairwise matching. All primary healthcare providers of one block in each pair were randomized to receive the intervention and the other was controlled. Next screening for risk factors, detection of hypertension, counseling, and follow-up care were provided. The patients within the control group received usual care as per clinician’s discretion. A total of 227 patients in the “study” group and 230 patients in the “control” group were recruited from 12 subcenters selected randomly. Data analysis was done by χ2 test, t test, and GLM analysis using SPSS 16. Results: Patients in the intervention blocks demonstrated a statistically significant mean reduction in SBP of 16.14 ± 0.82 and DBP by 11.65 ± 0.53 compared to 9.83 ± 1.02 and 7.68 ± 0.66, respectively, in the control blocks after adjusting for age, sex, and baseline blood pressure at one-year follow-up. Regarding lifestyle-related cardiovascular risk factors, statistically significant differences were found in favor of the intervention group. Conclusion: The study supports and reinforces the utilization of trained primary healthcare providers under the NPCDCS program in screening and promoting blood pressure control by preventive services to hypertensive patients in the community.

Background/Aims A re-increasing trend of thyroid cancer since 2015 has been observed despite a similar examination rate, and the incidence of thyroid cancer among young adults continues to rise. Methods This study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Individuals 20–39 years of age who underwent ≥ 4 health checkups from 2009–2013 were enrolled and followed throughout 2019. To quantify the metabolic burden, groups were divided by the number of diagnoses of metabolic syndrome across four consecutive health examinations. Results Among the study population (n = 1,204,646), 5,929 (0.5%) were diagnosed with thyroid cancer during a follow-up period of 5 years. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) values of thyroid cancer occurrence according to the number (1–4) of diagnoses of metabolic syndrome across the four health examinations compared to the group without met-abolic syndrome were significantly greater, as follows: 1.12 (1.02–1.23), 1.25 (1.10–1.42), 1.33 (1.15–1.55), and 1.48 (1.25–1.75) (p for trend < 0.01), respectively. Each component of metabolic syndrome showed a significant increase in hazard ratio according to the number of diagnoses except for impaired fasting glucose criteria. Conclusions Cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome was associated with thyroid cancer risk in young adults.

Abstract Background Although the presence of intermediate snails is a necessary condition for local schistosomiasis transmission to occur, using them as surveillance targets in areas approaching elimination is challenging because the patchy and dynamic quality of snail host habitats makes collecting and testing snails labor-intensive. Meanwhile, geospatial analyses that rely on remotely sensed data are becoming popular tools for identifying environmental conditions that contribute to pathogen emergence and persistence. Methods In this study, we assessed whether open-source environmental data can be used to predict the presence of human Schistosoma japonicum infections among households with a similar or improved degree of accuracy compared to prediction models developed using data from comprehensive snail surveys. To do this, we used infection data collected from rural communities in Southwestern China in 2016 to develop and compare the predictive performance of two Random Forest machine learning models: one built using snail survey data, and one using open-source environmental data. Results The environmental data models outperformed the snail data models in predicting household S. japonicum infection with an estimated accuracy and Cohen’s kappa value of 0.89 and 0.49, respectively, in the environmental model, compared to an accuracy and kappa of 0.86 and 0.37 for the snail model. The Normalized Difference in Water Index (an indicator of surface water presence) within half to one kilometer of the home and the distance from the home to the nearest road were among the top performing predictors in our final model. Homes were more likely to have infected residents if they were further from roads, or nearer to waterways. Conclusion Our results suggest that in low-transmission environments, leveraging open-source environmental data can yield more accurate identification of pockets of human infection than using snail surveys. Furthermore, the variable importance measures from our models point to aspects of the local environment that may indicate increased risk of schistosomiasis. For example, households were more likely to have infected residents if they were further from roads or were surrounded by more surface water, highlighting areas to target in future surveillance and control efforts.

This Perspective provides a brief summary of the scientific evidence for the two-way links between periodontal diseases and hyperglycemia (diabetes mellitus [DM] and pre-DM). It delivers in a nutshell current scientific evidence for manifestations of hyperglycemia on periodontal health status and effects of periodontal diseases on blood glucose levels and in turn incidence, progression, and complications of diabetes. Of outmost importance is presentation of scientific evidence for the potential of routine periodontal treatment to lower blood glucose levels, providing a novel, economical tool in DM management. Non-surgical periodontal treatment (“deep cleaning”) can be provided by dental hygienists or dentists in general dental offices, although severe cases should be referred to specialists. Such therapy can decrease the costs of DM care and other health care costs for people with DM. The great importance of a healthy oral cavity free of infection and subsequent inflammation – especially periodontitis that if untreated will cause loosening and eventually loss of affected teeth – has largely gone unnoticed by the medical community as the health care curricula are largely void of content regarding the bi-directional links between oral health and systemic health, despite elevation of blood glucose levels being an integral part of the general systemic inflammation response. The importance of keeping disease-free, natural teeth for proper biting and chewing, smiling, self-esteem, and pain avoidance cannot be overestimated. Medical and dental professionals are strongly encouraged to collaborate in patient-centered care for their mutual patients with – or at risk for – hyperglycemia.

In order to investigate the effect of insecticides on the control of Spodoptera exigua in corn-soybean banded composite planting soybean fields, nine kinds of insecticides were selected to carry out the screening test, and the results showed that the test agents of the treatments were safe for soybean plants; the spraying of 6% ethyl polymyxin SC 450 mL/hm², 20% polymyxin SC 4mL/hm², 5% broflanilide SC 450 mL/hm² had a better control effect on the Spodoptera exigua in corn-soybean banded composite planting soybean fields, the prevention effect reached 65% 1 d after the drug.3 d after the drug reached more than 85%, 7 d after the drug reached more than 90%. The control effects of the above three treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the three treatments had rapid efficacy, which could significantly reduce the population size of the Spodoptera exigua in a short period of time. This study monitored the occurrence of Spodoptera exigua in Binhuai farm area in August 2022, which provides a basis for scientific prevention and control of Spodoptera exigua in large-scale production of corn-soybean banded compound planting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hubei Open Vocational College is the property of Journal of Hubei Open Vocational College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACTMonkeypox (Mpox) was mostly limited to Central and Western Africa, but recently it has been reported globally. The current review presents an update on the virus, including ecology and evolution, possible drivers of transmission, clinical features and management, knowledge gaps, and research priorities to reduce the disease transmission. The origin, reservoir(s) and the sylvatic cycle of the virus in the natural ecosystem are yet to be confirmed. Humans acquire the infection through contact with infected animals, humans, and natural hosts. The major drivers of disease transmission include trapping, hunting, bushmeat consumption, animal trade, and travel to endemic countries. However, in the 2022 epidemic, the majority of the infected humans in non-endemic countries had a history of direct contact with clinical or asymptomatic persons through sexual activity. The prevention and control strategies should include deterring misinformation and stigma, promoting appropriate social and behavioural changes, including healthy life practices, instituting contact tracing and management, and using the smallpox vaccine for high-risk people. Additionally, longer-term preparedness should be emphasized using the One Health approach, such as systems strengthening, surveillance and detection of the virus across regions, early case detection, and integrating measures to mitigate the socio-economic effects of outbreaks.

Background: COVID-19 is a universal challenge and novel disease is one of the core public health concerns. This study aimed to determine the factors that affected COVID-19 prevention behaviors (CPB) based on constructs of Social Cognition Theory (SCT). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 426 participants referred to health centers of Arak from October 2021 to February 2022, and they were selected through a multi-stage random sampling method. Data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire which includes socio-demographic data (6 items), COVID-19 prevention behaviors (12 items), and SCT constructs related to COVID-19 (32 items). SPSS Ver-16 statistical software was used to analyze the data with one-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test, and multiple linear regressions. The significance level of α = 0.05 was considered for all tests. Results: The mean age was 37.8 years (SD = 12.2) and ranged from 17 to 81. According to the results, 51.2% had higher education and 52.6% of the participants were female. The mean (SD) of COVID-19 preventive behaviors was 43 (SD = 7.8) out of 60. There was statistical association between CPB and three constructs of SCT. Multiple regression showed that the outcomes expectations (β = 0.11, p < 0.001), self-regulation (β = 0.41, p < 0.001), and self-efficacy (β = 0.30, p < 0.001), age, gender, and history of COVID 19infection were associated with CPB and those described 61% of the variance of CPB. Conclusion: Rendering to the result of this study constructs of SCT is the key predictor of participants' CPB. Hence, based on these predictors, effective interventions and healthy messages could be designed based on this predictor—outcomes expectations, self-regulation, social support, and self-efficacy which can be beneficial to improve healthy behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses Australia's first national cancer control plan, which aims to improve cancer outcomes and experiences for all Australians. The plan was developed through extensive stakeholder engagement, with input from over 400 groups and 300 individuals. The plan focuses on achieving equity in cancer outcomes, particularly for priority population groups such as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. It identifies six strategic objectives and includes actions to address issues such as health literacy and emergency preparedness. The plan will be reviewed periodically to ensure progress towards its goals, and successful implementation will require collaboration and partnership across the cancer control sector. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives When it comes to controlling workplace transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, different workplaces and industrial sectors face different challenges, both in terms of likely transmission routes and which control measures can be practically, economically, and effectively implemented. This article considers a large body of research in the United Kingdom across different work sectors and time points during the COVID-19 pandemic to better understand mitigation measures, challenges to mitigating the risk of SARS-COV-2 transmission, knowledge gaps, and barriers and enablers to control viral transmission. Methods Data is drawn from 2 phases of research. Phase 1 gathered data from an interactive workshop (April 2022) where PROTECT researchers working across 8 work sectors shared knowledge and expertise from research conducted between 2020 and 2022. Phase 2 revisited 6 of these sectors to explore participants' views on the "living with COVID" phase of the pandemic (February–October 2022) through qualitative interviews. Results Our findings emphasise the importance of considering the characteristics of each work sector (and their sub-sectors), relative to the physical workplace and workforce, the ways organisations operate, and how they interact with the public. Study findings show that participant's views and organisational practices changed quickly and significantly over the course of the pandemic. Most participants initially perceived that the majority of risk mitigations would remain in place for the foreseeable future. However, following the change in Government Guidance towards "living with COVID", most mitigation measures were quickly removed and it had become necessary for sectors/organisations to restore normal operations, thereby treating the COVID-19 virus like any other illness, while remaining prepared for future health emergencies that may arise. Conclusion We suggest that national policy makers and organisational leaders remain mindful of the lessons learned and knowledge gained at all levels (national, regional, local, organisational, and individual) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We make recommendations in support of recovery as sectors/organisations continue "living with COVID" and other respiratory diseases; balanced with longer term planning for the next public health crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2022 and to provide reference for prevention and controL Methods The data of other infectious diarrhea cases in Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2022 were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information system. The epidemic characteristics and pathogen spectrum of other infectious diarrhea in Guizhou Province were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. The distribution trend of each county (city and district) was analyzed and visually displayed by Ar-cMap 10.8.1 software. Results A total of 77 990 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2022, with an average annual incidence of 42.13/100 000, ranging from 34.86/100 000 to 52.01/100 000. The annual incidence showed bimodal distribution, with the main peak in winter and spring reporting 39 856 cases (51.10%)，and the sub-peak in summer and autumn reporting 13 647 cases (17.50%). The incidence ratio of male to female was 136, Most of the patients were under 5 years old, reporting 62 391 cases and accounting for 80.00%. Most of the cases were children living at home, reporting 61 476 cases and accounting for 78,83%. The top three cities with high annual incidence rates were Liupanshui (67.56/100 000), Guiyang (63,27/100 000), and Zunyi (43.85/100 000), respectively. A total of 13 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported and 3 outbreaks were reported, mainly in schools (9 cases), followed by child care institutions (5 cases). There were 10 cases of high incidence in autumn and winter, 14 cases of norovirus infection were human-to-human transmission, and 2 cases of salmonella were foodborne transmission. Among the cases with pathogen detection results, virus infection accounted for 95.27% (20 497/21 515), of which rotavirus accounted for 97.03% (19 888/20 497), and bacterial infection accounted for 4.13% (888/21 515), of which salmonella accounted for 92.00% (817/888). Conclusion The epidemic situation of other infectious diarrhea in Guizhou Province is still grim. It is suggested that the prevention and control of infectious diarrhea be carried out in key areas, key populations, high incidence seasons, and dominant pathogens, especially in pathogen diagnosis, revised report, and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In neurosurgical patients, the risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) is high due to the relatively long duration of surgical interventions, usually long immobilization time after surgery, and possible neurological deficits which can negatively influence mobility. In neurosurgical clinical practice, there is lack of consensus on optimal prophylaxis against VTE, mechanical or pharmacological. Objective: To systematically review available literature on the incidence of VTE in neurosurgical interventions and to establish an optimum prevention strategy. Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EmCare, based on a sensitive search string combination. Studies were selected by predefined selection criteria, and risk of bias was assessed by Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and Cochrane risk of bias. Results: Twenty-five studies were included, half of which had low risk of bias (21 case series, 3 comparative studies, 1 RCT). VTE was substantially higher if the evaluation was done by duplex ultrasound (DUS), or another systematic screening method, in comparison to clinical evaluation (clin). Without prophylaxis DVT, incidence varied from 4 (clin) to 10% (DUS), studies providing low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) reported an incidence of 2 (clin) to 31% (DUS), providing LMWH and compression stockings (CS) reported an incidence of 6.4% (clin) to 29.8% (DUS), and providing LMWH and intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC) reported an incidence of 3 (clin) to 22.3% (DUS). Due to a lack of data, VTE incidence could not meaningfully be compared between patients with intracranial and spine surgery. The reported incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) was 0 to 7.9%. Conclusion: Low molecular weight heparin, compression stockings, and intermittent pneumatic compression devices were all evaluated to give reduction in VTE, but data were too widely varying to establish an optimum prevention strategy. Systematic screening for DVT reveals much higher incidence percentages in comparison to screening solely on clinical grounds and is recommended in follow-up of neurosurgical procedures with an increased risk for DVT development in order to prevent occurrence of PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residents in residential care homes for the elderly (RCHEs) are at high risk of severe illnesses and mortality, while staff have high exposure to intimate care activities. Addressing vaccine hesitancy is crucial to safeguard vaccine uptake in this vulnerable setting, especially amid a pandemic. In response to this, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to measure the level of vaccine hesitancy and to examine its associated factors among residents and staff in RCHEs in Hong Kong. We recruited residents and staff from 31 RCHEs in July–November 2022. Of 204 residents, 9.8% had a higher level of vaccine hesitancy (scored ≥ 4 out of 7, mean = 2.44). Around 7% of the staff (n = 168) showed higher vaccine hesitancy (mean = 2.45). From multi-level regression analyses, higher social loneliness, higher anxiety, poorer cognitive ability, being vaccinated with fewer doses, and lower institutional vaccination rates predicted residents' vaccine hesitancy. Similarly, higher emotional loneliness, higher anxiety, being vaccinated with fewer doses, and working in larger RCHEs predicted staff's vaccine hesitancy. Although the reliance on self-report data and convenience sampling may hamper the generalizability of the results, this study highlighted the importance of addressing the loneliness of residents and staff in RCHEs to combat vaccine hesitancy. Innovative and technology-aided interventions are needed to build social support and ensure social interactions among the residents and staff, especially amid outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers among women, which imposes heavy medical costs. Recurrence, side effects, the lack of a clear preventive plan, and increasing incidence are the other related concerns. This study aimed to review the prevention of breast cancer in Iranian medicine (IM) compared to conventional medicine. Methods: This review study was carried out for the last 21 years (2001-2022) using specific keywords related to breast cancer prevention and then compared to the most famous IM manuscripts. Results: Iranian medicine has special views on preventive plans by introducing the risk factors of diseases. Some known risk factors of breast cancer in IM are constipation, obesity, menses retention, irregular night sleep, low physical exertion, and improper diet. Proven risk factors of breast cancer, including improper lifestyle, western diet, obesity, physical inactivity, delayed childbearing, fewer children, and shorter duration of breastfeeding, are in line with IM evidence. Conclusion: Considering the importance of disease prevention from the perspective of IM, providing the right lifestyle, and introducing the 6 essential principles for health maintenance from the perspective of this medical school may play an important role in preventing breast diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identification of self-care behaviors and barriers in the COVID-19 pandemic can help health policymakers design appropriate and practical plans. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of self-care behaviors in preventing COVID-19 based on the health belief model (HBM) among families in Yazd City. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted using the convenience sampling method in 2020. The research data were collected via a researcher-made questionnaire based on the HBM. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed before its distribution on social networks. A total of 226 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: The results showed no significant correlations between the mean scores of HBM constructs and participants' age, gender, and education level (p > 0.05). Also, the linear regression test indicated that perceived self-efficacy (B = 0.88), perceived susceptibility (B = 0.63), and perceived intensity (B = 0.74) were the most predictive constructs, demonstrating statistical significance. (P < 0/05). The HBM constructs could significantly predict preventive behaviors of COVID-19 and accounted for 29.6 % of their changes (Adjusted R2 = 0.296, F = 18.85, p = 0.000). Conclusion: Implementing effective interventions based on the health belief model, with a particular focus on improving self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity can reduce the incidence of COVID-19 and its associated complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to further promote the prevention and control research of Panonychus citri and improve its control effect, this paper summarizes the main influencing factors of the outbreak, main control technology and drug resistance of P. ciiti, and puts forward the research focus and control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haemonchus contortus is a common parasite of ruminants. It is necessary to pay attention to captive herbivores that are infected by H. contortus. This is because with nature of high pathogenicity, the mortality of the host would be enhanced after infection. Based on the pathogenic characteristics and diagnostic methods of H. contortus, this paper summarized the associated control techniques including drug control, immune control and biological control. Combined with the feeding characteristics of captive herbivores, we proposed effective measures to strengthen breeding management and nutritional management, as well as to protect susceptible animals. The aim of our study is to provide references for the prevention and control of H. contortus disease of captive animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the Asthma Control Test (ACT) is one of the best practice recommendations to help caregivers assess asthma control. According to the literature, its interest seems demonstrated from a biomedical point of view. This study, resulting from a thesis work and conducted with general practitioners (GPs) using an open interview guide, aims to present the latter's point of view concerning the relevance and challenges in using this tool in their practice. The results show that GPs have a positive view of the tool, in its form and content, and that the educational issues depending on the way in which the caregiver interacts with the patient can be multiple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Turning the Page on Breast Cancer (TPBC) uses a multilevel approach to reduce breast cancer (BC) mortality among Black women. TPBC intervenes by (1) improving health care facilities' ability to conduct effective BC screening, follow‐up, and treatment; (2) involving community‐based organizations; and (3) providing education and personal risk information through a culturally relevant website. Ohio has among the worst BC mortality rates in the United States for Black women. TPBC is in its third year of providing targeted interventions in 12 Ohio counties with particularly high BC rates among Black women. Methods: TPBC enrolls health care facilities, collects organizational and patient data, and conducts key informant interviews to inform the provision of appropriate evidence‐based interventions. TPBC engages Black communities through community‐based organizations and social media advertising. The TPBC website offers BC information, connects Black women to community BC resources, and provides access to a risk‐assessment tool. Results: TPBC has provided tailored information packets, evidence‐based interventions, and systematic support for improving the tracking and follow‐up of breast health care among patients in 10 clinical partnerships. The project has provided education at community events monthly since mid‐2021. The TPBC website (http://endbreastcancerohio.org) is promoted through social media (primarily Facebook) and community events to reach Black women aged 25–70 years. To date, 4108 unique users have visited the website, of whom 15.9% completed the risk assessment. Conclusions: Novel strategies are needed to address persistent disparities in BC outcomes among Black women. TPBC demonstrates the potential effectiveness of multiple methods of community‐based, clinic‐based, and web‐based engagement. Plain Language Summary: Turning the Page on Breast Cancer (TPBC) aims to reduce breast cancer mortality among Black women in Ohio by conducting multilevel, community‐engaged interventions in 12 counties.Women are provided risk information and education at virtual and in‐person community events and through a community‐friendly website that was launched in November 2020.Almost 4000 women have visited the website, which offers community‐targeted information, urges screening for individuals at elevated risk, and offers access to patient navigation services; 655 users have used a breast cancer risk‐assessment tool on the site.Community‐based organizations conduct educational efforts.TPBC partners with health care facilities, which are taught to improve their ability to conduct effective breast cancer screening, follow‐up, and treatment.So far, TPBC has provided educational information, evidence‐based intervention lists, tailored information packets, and ongoing quarterly support to partners in 10 counties.Evaluation will focus on aggregated data for screening and genetic testing referral at the clinic level. Novel strategies are needed to address persistent disparities in breast cancer outcomes among Black women. Community‐based and social media‐based strategies have potential to facilitate web‐based engagement, personalized risk assessment and breast health prescriptions, screening, and referrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Severe obesity affects 4% of Australians and is associated with increased use of healthcare services and higher healthcare costs. This study evaluates the effect of attending a public tertiary obesity service on acute hospital use. This record‐linkage study included people aged ≥16 years with severe obesity who attended the Nepean Blue Mountains Family Metabolic Health Service (FMHS), New South Wales, Australia between January 2017, and September 2021. Emergency department (ED) presentations and acute hospital admissions and respective costs in the 1‐year and 3‐years pre‐and‐post first FMHS attendance were compared, overall and for adequate attendance (≥5 visits). A total of 640 patients (74% female, 50% <45 years) attended the FMHS, totalling 15 303 occasions of service, average 24 per person. There was a 31.0% and 17.6% reduction in acute admissions and ED presentations, respectively, translating into 34.0% and 23.4% decrease in costs. Adequate engagement was associated with a 48% decreased risk of acute admission (odds ratio 0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.29–0.94). Over 3‐years, there was a 19.8% and 20.7% reduction in acute hospital admissions and ED presentations, respectively. Findings indicate that tertiary obesity services reduce acute hospital use. Improved access to specialized obesity management may offload hospitals and contribute to acute healthcare cost avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal is the property of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acibadem Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Acibadem University Medical School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The National Health Service (NHS) Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is a comprehensive initiative in the United Kingdom aimed at preventing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among individuals with prediabetes. The NHS DPP emphasizes early intervention and underscores the potential for preventing or delaying T2DM. Currently, it operates since 2015 at 44 geographically defined sites, serving an estimated annual volume of 200,000 patients. This narrative review evaluates the NHS DPP. A literature search, adhering to the Participants, Concept, and Context review framework, was conducted in various databases and sources, limited to the period from 2015 to 2023. Data were categorized based on publication date, study type, program indicators, and focus areas, forming the framework for the review discussion. The review search yielded a total of 18,357 articles, of which 45 were included, with a predominant focus on program effectiveness. The NHS DPP demonstrates strengths in risk reduction and cost-effectiveness but faces challenges related to fidelity and the needs of diverse populations. The review highlights the importance of evidence-based service delivery, stakeholder engagement, and digital innovation in future DPP programs. While a centralized approach provides structure, local flexibility is essential to cater to population-specific needs. This review underscores the importance of strategic planning, political support, partnerships, and robust data collection in DPP implementation. It recommends targeting high-risk individuals, intensive lifestyle interventions, and embracing digital solutions for program delivery. Ongoing research, including analysis of long-term data and user perspectives, will further enhance the evidence base for DPP programs worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality globally. The modifiable risk factors can be measured and identified early at primary healthcare facilities. Community pharmacists present an opportunity for improved management of cardiovascular diseases and health outcomes. The systematic review aims to identify the roles of community pharmacists in preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases and patients' perceptions towards such functions. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The team searched MEDLINE, CINAHL via EBSCOhost, and Web of Science from January 2001 to December 2021 with a focus on studies reporting the role of community pharmacists in preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases, and patients' perceptions of such roles. Search terms included were "interventions," "community pharmacists," "patients," "cardiovascular diseases," "risk factors," and "perceptions". The quality of studies was appraised using the Joanne Briggs Institute checklist. Results: A total of 45 studies met the inclusion criteria: 35 (78%) and 10 (22%) reported community pharmacists' preventive and control roles, respectively. Generally, drug therapy monitoring, medicine and lifestyle counselling, and health education were most common roles, with pharmacist-initiated prescribing and social support least common. A total of 11 (24%) studies reported patients' perceptions of community pharmacists' contribution in preventing (73%, n = 8) and controlling (27%, n = 3) cardiovascular diseases. Patients were satisfied with community pharmacists' services in 10 of 11 studies. Conclusions: The findings highlight community pharmacists' capability of providing primary healthcare services in preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases and provide evidence for their inclusion in primary healthcare frameworks. Future research should assess the effectiveness of these roles and provide a comprehensive evaluation of clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes. Systematic review registration: Open Science Framework (OSF) registration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WGFXT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation exposure is a significant concern in spine surgeries due to the extensive use of fluoroscopic imaging. This review aims to evaluate the risks, consequences, and prevention strategies associated with radiation exposure in spine surgeries. The risks of radiation exposure include potential biological damage to patients and surgical staff, such as skin burns, cataracts, and an increased risk of developing cancer. The consequences of radiation exposure can have long-term health implications and may result in substantial healthcare costs. To mitigate the risks, various prevention strategies are recommended. These include optimizing the use of fluoroscopy by adopting low-dose imaging techniques, minimizing the duration of exposure, and ensuring proper shielding of personnel. Additionally, the use of alternative imaging modalities, such as intraoperative three-dimensional (3D) navigation systems, can reduce reliance on fluoroscopy and subsequently decrease radiation exposure. Furthermore, implementing a culture of radiation safety through education, training, and awareness programs is crucial. This involves educating surgeons, nurses, and other healthcare professionals about the potential risks, proper use of equipment, and radiation protection measures. Strict adherence to radiation safety guidelines and continuous monitoring of radiation doses are essential to ensure the well-being of both patients and healthcare providers. In short, radiation exposure in spine surgeries poses significant risks and potential consequences. However, with the adoption of appropriate prevention strategies, such as optimizing imaging techniques, implementing alternative modalities, and fostering a culture of radiation safety, the potential risks can be mitigated. By prioritizing radiation safety, healthcare facilities can provide better outcomes for patients and minimize the long-term health implications associated with radiation exposure in spine surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Leprosy is an infectious disease that causes highly complex problems from the medical aspect to social, economic, cultural, security, and national defence issues. This research aimed to develop and analyse the effect of an integrative model on leprosy prevention and control programs to improve the life quality of leprosy survivors. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in Madura, East Java, Indonesia. The study consists of 360 leprosy survivors. The exposed group in this study was a group of leprosy survivors living within the areas of the Ministry of Health's leprosy program, a total of 180 leprosy survivors. The unexposed groups were leprosy survivors living around the areas with the absence of Ministry of Health leprosy program, a total of 180 leprosy survivors. Results: The quality of life has a direct and positive relationship with health status (b= 0.56; 95% CI = 0.14 to 1.00; p=0.010), health status has a direct and positive relationship with healthy behavior (b= 0.55; 95% CI = 0.10 to 1.00; p=0.016), healthy behavior has a direct and positive relationship with self-efficacy (b= 0.91; 95% CI = 0.38 to 1.44; p=0.001), healthy behavior has a direct and positive relationship with family support (b= 0.54; 95% CI = 0.06 to 1.03; p=0.029), healthy behavior has a direct and positive relationship with attitude (b= 0.56; 95% CI = 0.05 to 1.09; p=0.032). Conclusion: Health status, healthy behavior, self-efficacy, family support, attitude and community support related to improving quality of life for leprosy survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Pediatría de Atención Primaria is the property of LUA Ediciones 3.0 S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen: Presentamos la adaptación española de las Guías Europeas de Prevención Cardiovascular 2021. En esta actualización, además del abordaje individual, se pone mucho más énfasis en las políticas sanitarias como estrategia de prevención poblacional. Se recomienda el cálculo del riesgo vascular de manera sistemática a todas las personas adultas con algún factor de riesgo vascular. Los objetivos terapéuticos para el colesterol LDL, la presión arterial y la glucemia no han cambiado respecto a las anteriores guías, pero se recomienda alcanzar estos objetivos de forma escalonada (etapas 1 y 2). Se recomienda llegar siempre hasta la etapa 2, y la intensificación del tratamiento dependerá del riesgo a los 10 años y de por vida, del beneficio del tratamiento, de las comorbilidades, de la fragilidad y de las preferencias de los pacientes. Las guías presentan por primera vez un nuevo modelo para calcular el riesgo SCORE2 y SCORE2-OP de morbimortalidad vascular en los próximos 10 años (infarto de miocardio, ictus y mortalidad vascular) en hombres y mujeres entre 40 y 89 años. Otra de las novedades sustanciales es el establecimiento de diferentes umbrales de riesgo dependiendo de la edad (

As shallow coal resources are gradually exhausted in China, the shift of coal mining from shallow to deep will become a new normal condition for ensuring the energy demand of China. Aiming at the problems of coal and gas outbursts, rockburst, and complex dynamic disasters faced by the mining of deep coal resources, the research progress of coal and rock dynamic disaster mechanism in China is analyzed, the key technologies of coal and rock dynamic disaster evaluation, monitoring and early warning are expounded, and the measures and technical means of coal and rock dynamic disaster prevention and risk control are summarized. Based on the trend of deep coal mining, the scientific and technological problems and scientific research prospects for the prevention of coal and rock dynamic disasters are put forward. In terms of research means, the research and development should focus on scientific research instruments that can truly reflect the complex geological conditions, engineering conditions and the process of multi-field coupling. The simulation and reconstruction technology should be developed for the evolution of mine dynamic disasters. Also, the coupling evolution mechanism of coal and rock dynamic disasters should be investigated and revealed. In the aspect of dangerous area detection, it should further develop the advanced acceptable detection theory and technology of dynamic disaster dangerous area of working face based on geophysical means, and develop the drilling and inversion technology of multi-parameter space-time distribution of coal and rock strata under the influence of in-situ conditions and mining. In the aspect of risk assessment, it should carry out research on key indicators and intelligent assessment methods of disaster risk assessment under the coupling conditions of deep complex strata and mining engineering. In the aspect of monitoring and early warning, the coal mine multi-disaster integrated monitoring and early warning platform should be established to realize the coal mine multi-disaster integrated monitoring, intelligent early warning and accurate analysis of safety situation. The remote and accurate regional prevention and control technology of coal and rock dynamic disasters should be developed to realize the advanced regional prevention and control of coal and rock dynamic disasters. The digital emergency decision-making theory and key technology of coal and rock dynamic disasters should be studied in order to realize the intelligent emergency decision-making of coal and rock dynamic disasters. The systematic research on theory, technology, and equipment will guarantee the effective prevention and control of dynamic disasters and safe and efficient mining of coal resources.

Job burnout is rampant in workplaces and has become an important global public health concern. It is one of the top occupational health problems to be addressed in the workplace in Europe and America. The prevalence rate of job burnout is also at a high level in China, and cannot be ignored for its associated health loss and economic impact of occupational population, so we should deepen the understanding of job burnout hazards, promote relevant scientific research, and develop associated prevention and control programs. This paper introduced the epidemic status of job burnout, health hazards and economic impact, development stage, influencing factors, conceptual models, measurement and evaluation methods, and prevention and control measures, and proposed scientific research directions as well as prevention and control strategies of job burnout in the future.

ObjectiveTo summarize the characteristics of foodborne diseases in Guangdong Province in 2020， and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control strategies.MethodsThe data from January 2020 to December 2020 in the National Foodborne Surveillance Reporting System （CFSA） were with descriptive epidemiological analysis， conducted according to the three distribution and pathogenic factors of the disease. SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn 2020， a total of 27 397 cases of foodborne diseases were reported， with an average annual incidence of 0.24‰ （27 397/115 210 000）， a hospitalization rate of 10.66%（2 920/27 397）， and no deaths. The incidence in the Pearl River Delta region was 0.28‰ （18 303/6 447 million）. The hospitalization rate was 6.88% （1 259/18 303）， and the incidence rate in eastern and northwestern Guangdong was 0.18‰ （9 094/5 074 million）， and the hospitalization rate was 18.26% （1 661/9 094）. The main symptoms of the cases were diarrhea， and the ratio of male to female was close to 1∶1. The number of cases in each age group was 31.51% （8 633/27 397） in the 31-59 age group. Among the occupational population， children living in the diaspora accounted for 16.86% （4 620/27 397）， while students accounted for 16.48% （4 515/27 397）. The peak of reported cases was from August to December. The main food exposed cases were mixed food 7 392 cases （27.08%， 7 392/27 297）， meat and meat products 4 511 cases （16.53%， 4 511/27 297）， grain and its products 3 734 cases （13.68%，3 734/27 297）； The main feeding places were 65.53%（17 954/27 397） at home and 15.03%（4 117/27 397） at restaurants. Among 4 395 cases， 1 171 were positive for pathogenic bacteria， and the overall positive rate of pathogenic bacteria was 26.64% （1 171/4 395）. The positive rate of Salmonella was 26.23% （1 153/4 395）. Sixteen strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were positive， and the positive detection rate was 0.36% （16/4 395）. Two strains of Escherichia coli were positive， and the positive detection rate was 0.05% （2/4 395）. The positive rate of Shigella was 0.02% （1/4 395）. The positive detection rate was the highest in July， and the main exposed food was grain and its products. Eleven cases were positive for norovirus and the overall positive rate was 0.25% （11/4 395）. The positive rate of norovirus was the highest in January， and the main exposed food was meat and meat products.ConclusionThe foodborne disease incidence of Guangdong Province in 2020 is low but the hospitalization rates have certain proportion， western part of guangdong region has low incidence but the hospitalization rate is higher， the pearl river delta region high incidence but hospitalization rate is low， cases analysis showed that family scattered children and students accounted for the high proportion of the crowd， the cases were mainly in the summer， Salmonella detection rate is higher， it should strengthen the focus on the prevention and control of the crowd.

【Objective】By measuring a series of index changes of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (Psa) after treatment with benzothiazolinone aqueous emulsion, the antibacterial mechanism of benzothiazolinone aqueous emulsion against Psa was revealed, which would provide a theoretical basis for the control of kiwifruit ulcer disease with benzothiazolinone.【Method】Psa was treated with benzothiazolinone diluted 10 times (X10), benzothiazolinone stock solution (Y) and sterile water (CK). The enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined by using kits and the soluble protein content was determined by Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. Changes in the cell membrane structure of Psa were observed by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and cell cycle assays were performed by flow cytometry.【Result】The study showed that Psa growth and reproduction were significantly inhibited by benzothiazolinone treatment, which shortened the logarithmic growth period of Psa, caused cell membrane rupture, cell contents leakage and increased cell death, and the final amount of mycobacteria was only 5.5% of the control. Psa had oxidative stress response to benzothiazolinone, and the enzyme activities of Psa were significantly increased after treatment, showing a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. After treatment of benzothiazolinone, CAT enzyme activity reached a peak of 118.795 U/mg at 10 h and SOD enzyme activity reached a peak of 1 060.452 U/mg at 4 h. Bacterial protein content of X10 and Y differed significantly at 12 h compared with the control, decreasing by 47.1% and 73.4%, respectively. With the increase of the concentration of benzothiazolinone, more G0G1 phase cells piled up and the percentage of cells increased from 30.27% in the control group to 45.23% in treatment group Y. The percentage of S phase cells decreased from 58.84% in the control group to 41.86% in treatment group Y. The G0G1 phase cells in treatment group Y were 56.8% higher than those in CK and 23.7% lower than those in CK in S phase.【Conclusion】Benzothiazolinone ruptures bacterial cell membranes, causes oxidative stress response in Psa, and inhibits Psa growth by inhibiting DNA synthesis in bacterial cells. It can effectively prevent and control bacterial ulcer disease of kiwifruit.

Abstract Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a key topic in occupational health. In the primary prevention of these disorders, interventions to minimize exposure to work-related physical risk factors are widely advocated. Besides interventions aimed at the work organisation and the workplace, interventions are also aimed at the behaviour of workers, the so-called individual working practice (IWP). At the moment, no conceptual framework for interventions for IWP exists. This study is a first step towards such a framework. Methods A scoping review was carried out starting with a systematic search in Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science. Intervention studies aimed at reducing exposure to physical ergonomic risk factors involving the worker were included. The content of these interventions for IWP was extracted and coded in order to arrive at distinguishing and overarching categories of these interventions for IWP. Results More than 12.000 papers were found and 110 intervention studies were included, describing 810 topics for IWP. Eventually eight overarching categories of interventions for IWP were distinguished: (1) Workplace adjustment, (2) Variation, (3) Exercising, (4) Use of aids, (5) Professional skills, (6) Professional manners, (7) Task content & task organisation and (8) Motoric skills. Conclusion Eight categories of interventions for IWP are described in the literature. These categories are a starting point for developing and evaluating effective interventions performed by workers to prevent WMSDs. In order to reach consensus on these categories, an international expert consultation is a necessary next step.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers among women, which imposes heavy medical costs. Recurrence, side effects, the lack of a clear preventive plan, and increasing incidence are the other related concerns. This study aimed to review the prevention of breast cancer in Iranian medicine (IM) compared to conventional medicine. Methods: This review study was carried out for the last 21 years (2001-2022) using specific keywords related to breast cancer prevention and then compared to the most famous IM manuscripts. Results: Iranian medicine has special views on preventive plans by introducing the risk factors of diseases. Some known risk factors of breast cancer in IM are constipation, obesity, menses retention, irregular night sleep, low physical exertion, and improper diet. Proven risk factors of breast cancer, including improper lifestyle, western diet, obesity, physical inactivity, delayed childbearing, fewer children, and shorter duration of breastfeeding, are in line with IM evidence. Conclusion: Considering the importance of disease prevention from the perspective of IM, providing the right lifestyle, and introducing the 6 essential principles for health maintenance from the perspective of this medical school may play an important role in preventing breast diseases.

The National Health Service (NHS) Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is a comprehensive initiative in the United Kingdom aimed at preventing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among individuals with prediabetes. The NHS DPP emphasizes early intervention and underscores the potential for preventing or delaying T2DM. Currently, it operates since 2015 at 44 geographically defined sites, serving an estimated annual volume of 200,000 patients. This narrative review evaluates the NHS DPP. A literature search, adhering to the Participants, Concept, and Context review framework, was conducted in various databases and sources, limited to the period from 2015 to 2023. Data were categorized based on publication date, study type, program indicators, and focus areas, forming the framework for the review discussion. The review search yielded a total of 18,357 articles, of which 45 were included, with a predominant focus on program effectiveness. The NHS DPP demonstrates strengths in risk reduction and cost-effectiveness but faces challenges related to fidelity and the needs of diverse populations. The review highlights the importance of evidence-based service delivery, stakeholder engagement, and digital innovation in future DPP programs. While a centralized approach provides structure, local flexibility is essential to cater to population-specific needs. This review underscores the importance of strategic planning, political support, partnerships, and robust data collection in DPP implementation. It recommends targeting high-risk individuals, intensive lifestyle interventions, and embracing digital solutions for program delivery. Ongoing research, including analysis of long-term data and user perspectives, will further enhance the evidence base for DPP programs worldwide.