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Beutel, Rolf Georg, Prokop, Jakub, Müller, Patrick, Pohl, Hans (2019): †Bittacopsocus- a new bizarre genus of †Permopsocida (Insecta) from Burmese Cretaceous amber. Zootaxa 4576 (2): 357-366, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.9

��� Bittacopsocus megacephalus Beutel, Prokop, M��ller et Pohl sp. nov. Material examined. Currently only one nearly complete specimen is known (No. BUB2853). The winged adult designated as the holotype of the new species is housed in the collection of Patrick M��ller (66894 K��shofen, Friedhofstrasse 9, Germany). The specimen will be made freely available upon request. Etymology. The genus name ��� Bittacopsocus ��� refers to the habitus resembling the mecopteran hanging flies (Bittacidae), combined with ���psocus��� referring to the resemblance with Psocoptera (barklice) (Greek ���psōchos��� = dust). The species epithet refers to the large relative size of the head (Greek ���mega��� = large, ���cephalon��� = head). Diagnosis. In the case of the fossil described here, it is not possible to assign a specific diagnosis to species and genus. Consequently, we provide only a single diagnosis. Parts of this can be assigned to a particular rank when further related new taxa will be discovered and described. The new species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: body small, total length excluding legs ca. 2.5 mm; head semi-prognathous and flattened, very large, in relation to total body size, about as large as thoracic segments combined; mouthparts with elongate mandibles with strongly developed molar plate and long incisors; antennae extremely thin and seven-segmented; transverse crest present on vertex; pronotum with thin collar-like differentiation; pterothoracic segments subequal in size, mesothorax slightly larger; legs extremely elongated and thin, with four-segmented tarsi; wings very slender, forewings slightly larger, with distinct pterostigmata and two series of pentagonal, hexagonal and heptagonal cells delimited by crossveins; ScP connected to costa over short distance close to wing base, then diverging posteriorly towards radius; M + CuA basally attached to R; long fusion of veins M and CuA with successively diverging CuA1 and CuA2 enclosing a narrow, almost triangular cell, the areola postica; long crossvein cua-cup with alternating polarity from proximally convex to distally concave; anal area formed by two stiffened anal veins; A1 with numerous strong spines; forewing with three branches of RP and six main branches of M; hindwing with two branches of RP and four branches of M; abdomen slightly narrowed anteriorly, widest in middle region, apparently neither compressed dorsoventrally nor laterally; segmental borders distinctly recognizable in middle region; posteriorly with moderately enlarged last exposed sternum and small appendages, likely parameres. Remarks. We assume that the specimen is a male as otherwise an exposed ovipositor (gonapophyses VIII and IX [=1 st and 2 nd valve], as shown in Liang et al. 2016: fig. 2B) should be recognizable. Description (adult male). Habitus (Figs 1, 2) With very large head and relatively compact postcephalic body. Length from anterior cephalic margin to abdominal apex ca. 2.5 mm, but legs much longer. Only few long setae recognizable but some regions like antennae, legs, outer margin of wings and posterior abdominal sternites with dense vestiture of short hairs. Coloration light brown, probably due to taphonomy. Head (Figs 3A, B) semi-prognathous, moderately inclined, flattened. Large in relation to size of postcephalic body, head capsule longer than thoracic segments combined. Foramen occipitale large, neck region broadly connected with prothorax by exposed cervical membrane. Ventral closure of head well sclerotized, probably formed by gula, with dense pattern of distinct punctures. Coronal suture present, originates at anterior border of transverse crest, extends to middle region of compound eyes; other ecdysial sutures not recognizable, apparently absent. Compound eyes well-developed, with numerous ommatidia, oval, moderately flattened dorsoventrally, separated from ventral region of head capsule by distinct lateral edge. Median ocellus located between antennal insertion areas, paired ocelli present between middle region of compound eyes. Region of vertex with conspicuously raised transverse crest, continuous with lateral sub-ocular edge. Clypeus divided in longer postclypeus and shorter transverse anteclypeus; paraclypeal lobes (see Huang et al. 2016: fig. 2g) absent; postclypeus only very slightly convex; frontoclypeal and clypeolabral suture distinct, transverse. Right anterior tentorial pit recognizable at proximolateral edge of frontoclypeal suture. Free labrum well-developed, large, with curved, short setae on surface and longer setae along anterior edge. Antennal insertion areas located antero-dorsad anterior margin of compound eyes, widely separated. Scapus very large, slightly shorter than compound eyes, slightly narrowing proximad, then again widened at base; surface with indistinct pattern of short setae; pedicellus less than half as long as scapus and distinctly narrower, with oblique distal edge; pattern of setae similar to that of scapus; flagellum thin and very long, composed of only five segments, with dense pattern of spine-like setae; two first flagellomeres subequal in length, 2 slightly longer than 1; flagellomeres 3 and 4 almost equal in length, each slightly longer than 2; apical segment two-thirds the length of flagellomere 4, even thinner than proximal flagellomeres. Mandibles well-developed, long, slightly intercrossing in midline, with long incisors. Proximal maxillary parts not clearly recognizable, endite lobes not visible; maxillary palp slender, four-segmented, normally developed. Prementum very distinctly separated from proximal labial elements; labial endite lobes not recognizable; labial palp unmodified, slender, probably three-segmented, but proximal palpomere not clearly recognizable; apical palpomere spindle-shaped. Thorax (Figs 2, 3A, 4, 5) slightly longer than head. Cervical sclerites not recognizable, apparently absent. Pronotum anteriorly with thin-walled elevated ridge forming dorsal collar-like structure; posterior pronotal subunits present as two transverse bulges, anterior one with strong lateral seta. Pleural region with very distinct oblique line, probably representing propleural suture, ventrally reaching proximal procoxal margin. Precoxal sternal region sclerotized, well-developed, as wide as entire segment, about as long as procoxal base; profurcal or prospinal pits not recognizable. Procoxae medially adjacent, conical, about 1.5 as long as wide at base. Protrochantin not recognizable. Short protrochanter distinct, with group of pointed, anteriorly directed spine-like setae. Femur cylindrical, thin and elongated, about as long as head and thorax combined, slightly widening distally; surface with dense vestiture of short, spine-like setae. Tibia approximately 1.5 times as long as femur, distinctly thinner, smallest diameter in middle region; vestiture similar to that of femur; single stout tibial spur visible. Tarsus thin and four-segmented, without euplantulae or hairy soles; tarsomere 1 much longer than others, with similar vestiture as femur and tibia; tarsomere 2 about 1/3, 3 about half as long 2; distal segment longer than penultimate tarsomere, distinctly widening distally, with claw and arolium. Both pterothoracic segments larger than prothorax, mesothorax slightly larger than metathorax. Mid legs similar to prolegs, but medially adjacent coxae more elongated, and hind legs distinctly longer than other two pairs. Details of meso- and metanotum and pleural regions not visible. Mesoventrite extensive, metaventrite much smaller. Two pairs of wings well-developed but narrow, with distinctly reduced anal field; pterostigma distinct, black, larger on hind wing. Forewing length 4.68 mm, maximum width 0.94 mm. Hind wings slightly shorter and narrower than fore wings, with fewer terminal branches of M. Row of distinct spines present at antero-basal edge, and also possible stridulatory organ close to wing base; entire margin of both wings with seam of fine long setae. Wing venation strongly affected by extremely narrow base, with a long stem of M + CuA; long part of anterior margin formed by C + Sc + RA; short branches of CuA1 and CuA2 diverge successively from M. Forewing venation with two series of closed pentagonal, hexagonal and heptagonal cells; ScP basally connected to costa over short distance, then diverging obliquely towards radius 0.63 mm distad of wing base; division of RA and RP 0.97 mm from wing base; convex RA continues anteriad to connect with C + ScP towards wing apex; three short crossveins present between RA and RP short of the pterostigma; RP distally connected to anterior branch of M, ending with three branches, two of them directed anteriad and parallel, covering wing apex; pterostigma well developed, with distal limit 0.42 mm from wing apex; crossvein perpendicular to RA and to RP exactly below middle of pterostigma; M+CuA diverges posteriad from stem of R 1.77 mm from wing base; short posterior branches of CuA1 and CuA2 diverge successively from M forming areola postica as long and almost triangular cell; M deeply bifurcated shortly behind branch of CuA2; anterior branch zigzag-shaped, ending on posterior wing margin approximately at level of pterostigma; posterior branch also zigzag-shaped, with five main short posterior branches ending on posterior wing margin; long crossvein cua-cup present with alternating polarity from proximally convex to distally concave; division of CuA and CuP very close to wing base; slightly concave and faint CuP running nearly straight closely parallel to crossvein cua-cup towards posterior wing margin; two convex and reinforced anal veins A1 and A2 diverge 0.24 mm from wing base; A1 with numerous strong spines. Hindwings similar to forewings in shape and general venation pattern, but slightly smaller and differing in several specific features: only one large closed cell present, located in distal 3 rd of wing; proximal rows of spines absent; ScP approaching costal margin close to wing base, afterwards connected with it over distance of 0.10 mm, then diverging posteriad towards radius; RP ending with two branches at wing apex; M pectinate with four short posterior branches ending on posterior wing margin. Abdomen (Fig. 6) probably composed of eight distinctly developed segments, but proximal segments not clearly visible. Anterior segments moderately narrowed but without distinct constriction. Presumptive segments III���VII distinctly separated, with distinctly developed tergites and sternites of similar length. Tergites and sternites not overlapping. Presumptive sternite VIII elongated, forming subgenital plate; tergite VIII shorter but apparently strongly sclerotized. Paired processes, presumably parameres of aedeagus, recognizable between tergite and sternite VIII. Paraproct indistinctly visible on one side. Spiracles not recognizable., Published as part of Beutel, Rolf Georg, Prokop, Jakub, M��ller, Patrick & Pohl, Hans, 2019, ��� Bittacopsocus- a new bizarre genus of ��� Permopsocida (Insecta) from Burmese Cretaceous amber, pp. 357-366 in Zootaxa 4576 (2) on pages 358-364, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/2625016, {"references":["Liang, F., Zhang, W. & Liu, X. (2016) A new genus and species of the paraneopteran family Archipsyllidae in mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar. Zootaxa, 4105 (5), 483 - 490. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4105.5.4","Huang, D. Y., Bechly, G., Nel, P., Engel, M. S., Prokop, J., Azar, D., Casi, Ch. - Y., van de Kamp, T., Staniczek, A. H., Garrouste, R., Krogmann, L., dos Santos Rolo, T., Baumbach, T., Ohlhoff, R., Shmakov, A. S., Bourgouin, T. & Nel. A. (2016) New fossil insect order Permopsocida elucidates major radiation and evolution of suction feeding in hemimetabolous insects (Hexapoda: Acercaria). Scientific Reports, 6, 23004. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 23004"]}

��� Bittacopsocus Beutel, Prokop, M��ller et Pohl gen. nov. Type species: ��� Bittacopsocus megacephalus Beutel, Prokop, M��ller et Pohl sp. nov., Published as part of Beutel, Rolf Georg, Prokop, Jakub, M��ller, Patrick & Pohl, Hans, 2019, ��� Bittacopsocus- a new bizarre genus of ��� Permopsocida (Insecta) from Burmese Cretaceous amber, pp. 357-366 in Zootaxa 4576 (2) on page 358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/2625016

Family? Archipsyllidae Handlirsch, 1906 Included genera. Archipsylla Handlirsch, 1906 (type genus), Archipsyllodes Vishniakova, 1976; Archipsyllopsis Vishniakova, 1976; Bittacopsocus Beutel, Prokop, M��ller et Pohl gen. nov.; Burmopsylla Liang, Zhang and Liu, 2016; Eopsylla Vishniakova, 1976; Mydioganthus Yoshizawa and Lienhard, 2016 and Psocorrhyncha Huang et al., 2016., Published as part of Beutel, Rolf Georg, Prokop, Jakub, M��ller, Patrick & Pohl, Hans, 2019, ��� Bittacopsocus- a new bizarre genus of ��� Permopsocida (Insecta) from Burmese Cretaceous amber, pp. 357-366 in Zootaxa 4576 (2) on page 358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/2625016, {"references":["Vishniakova, V. N. (1976) Relict Archipsyllidae (Insecta: Psocoptera) in the Mesozoic fauna. Paleontological Journal, 10 (2), 180 - 188.","Liang, F., Zhang, W. & Liu, X. (2016) A new genus and species of the paraneopteran family Archipsyllidae in mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar. Zootaxa, 4105 (5), 483 - 490. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4105.5.4","Yoshizawa, K. & Lienhard, C. (2016) Bridging the gap between chewing and sucking in the hemipteroid insects: new insights from Cretaceous amber. Zootaxa, 4079 (2), 229 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4079.2.5","Huang, D. Y., Bechly, G., Nel, P., Engel, M. S., Prokop, J., Azar, D., Casi, Ch. - Y., van de Kamp, T., Staniczek, A. H., Garrouste, R., Krogmann, L., dos Santos Rolo, T., Baumbach, T., Ohlhoff, R., Shmakov, A. S., Bourgouin, T. & Nel. A. (2016) New fossil insect order Permopsocida elucidates major radiation and evolution of suction feeding in hemimetabolous insects (Hexapoda: Acercaria). Scientific Reports, 6, 23004. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 23004"]}

Archaeomalthus synoriacos gen. et sp. nov. from the Upper Permian Babiy Kamen` locality indicates a remarkable evolutionary stability. Herein we report the oldest record of the family Micromalthida...

Genus ��� Archaeomalthus gen. nov. Type species. Archaeomalthus synoriacos Yan et al., sp. nov., by monotypy. Diagnosis Antennal sockets visible from above; propleuron exposed, narrow, not reaching anterior pronotal margin; procoxae slightly widened, almost contiguous medially; metanotum with metascutum delimited by very distinct longitudinal bulges (alacrista) (Figures 1 (b) and 2(i,k,l)); anterior intercoxal process of metaventrite strongly developed, completely separating mesocoxae. Abdomen with seven visible sternites. Derivation of name Generic name from Greek ���archaios��� ��� ���ancient��� and Micromalthus LeConte, 1878, type genus of family Micromalthidae. Description Body elongated, slender, probably slightly flattened, with distinct shoulder region, slightly rounded laterally posterior to prothorax. Total length ca. 1.18 mm, maximum width at posterior metathoracic region ca. 0.4 mm. Cuticular surface largely smooth on all body regions, without recognizable scales, punctures or tubercles. Head large, as long as pronotum, rectangular, slightly narrower than anterior pronotal margin; with widely separated well-developed compound eyes, inner margins of eyes are finely bordered; ocelli not recognizable, probably absent. Labrum not articulated, apparently fused with clypeus. Concave transverse line present on anterior head capsule, possibly indicating clypeofrontal strengthening ridge. Antennae inserted dorsally but still widely separated, articulatory area close to anteromesal edge of eyes. Mandibles sickle-shaped, with distal halves curved inwards. Maxillae not recognizable. Proximal elements of labium not visible as separate structures, submentum apparently fused with gula and ventral wall of head capsule (Figure 2 (a,b)). Temporal region posterior to eyes very long, more than half as long as the length of head; narrowed neck region absent. Dorsal protuberances missing. Gular plate present, large. Pronotum almost quadrangular, as long as wide, with distinct lateral carina; anterior and posterior angles distinct, triangular; anterior pronotal margin at the same level as the anterior prosternal edge. Prosternal intercoxal process not visible, apparently missing; wide membranous area present posterior to procoxae. Large spiracle recognizable in prothoracic-mesothoracic intersegmental region. Elytral bases distinctly wider than maximum pronotal width; pronoto-elytral angle, i.e. humeral bulges, very distinct, rounded. The shape of elytra roughly quadrangular, with truncated apices. Mesal base enclosed by the semioval scutellar shield. Window punctures and other patterns of surface sculpture absent, degree of sclerotization uniform. Metanotum with distinct longitudinal median groove delimited with strongly developed alacrista; additional longitudinal bulges visible laterally. Mesocoxae widely separated, more or less rounded, nearly triangular, not transverse. Mesocoxal cavities laterally closed by mesepimeron and metanepisternum. Metaventrite large, distinctly narrowed anteriorly, with large triangular, apically rounded anterior intercoxal process; separating mesocoxae completely. Transverse suture of metaventrite not recognizable, probably absent. Metatrochantin not exposed. Metacoxae short, transverse, reaching the lateral edge of ventrite, without recognizable metacoxal plates. Abdomen of parabolic shape, evenly narrowing posteriorly, with rounded apex, as long as meso- and metaventrite combined; at least basal sternites separated by externally visible intersegmental membranes. Four distal abdominal tergites not covered by the elytra. Species included Monotypic. Occurrence Babiy Kamen`locality, Tom`river, Kuznetsk Basin, S. Siberian, in the upper part of the Maltsevo Formation. Remarks Generally, size alone does not justify a placement of a beetle in a specific supraspecific taxon. However, after taking into consideration all the characters mentioned in the Diagonisis and Description, a length of only slightly more than 1 mm should be seen as an additional argument for keeping Archaeomalthus in Micromalthidae. All other archostematan beetles with the exception of the strongly flattened Crowsoniella relicta (Pace 1975) are much larger. The degree of cuticular sclerotization can rarely be adequately estimated on fossil imprints. Therefore, it cannot be used as a solid diagnostic character, even though some surface features such as tubercles, large punctures, etc., can be used for species identification and also in a phylogenetic context (e.g. Beutel et al. 2008; H��rnschemeyer 2009). In the case of Archaeomalthus, the visibility of metathoracic fine details (including metapostnotum) on mostly ventral imprint and elytra (Figure 2 (i,k)), preserved only as faint lines, suggests that Archaeomalthus was overall weakly sclerotized. Elytra of most fossilized beetles, in contrast, are hard structures overlapping the body and usually retaining many structural details (Ponomarenko 1969). Beetle fossils previously known from Babiy Kamen`locality, Petrodromeus Ponomarenko et Volkov, 2013 and Permunda Ponomarenko et Volkov 2013 (Adephaga; Trachypachidae) both have finely preserved elytra with well-defined longitudinal striae (Ponomarenko and Volkov 2013). The abdomen of Archaeomalthus is distinctly shorter than the head and pronotum combined; however, this character is variable in the extant Micromalthus due to varying degrees of extension of the intersegmental membranes. Thus it is not used in the generic diagnosis. The abdominal segments are often more contracted in males than in females, possibly due to different physiological conditions (e.g. development stage of eggs). The length of the abdomen, especially of females, varies in M. debilis H��rnschemeyer et al. 2010., Published as part of Evgeny Viktorovich Yana, Rolf Georg Beutel, John Francis Lawrence, Margarita Igorevna Yavorskaya, Thomas H��rnschemeyer, Hans Pohl, Dmitry Vladimirovich Vassilenko, Alexey Semenovich Bashkuev & Alexander Georgievich Ponomarenko, 2019, Archaeomalthus - (Coleoptera, Archostemata) a ' ghost adult ' of Micromalthidae from Upper Permian deposits of Siberia?, pp. 1-9 in Historical Biology 1561672 on pages 3-5, DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2018.1561672, http://zenodo.org/record/2536029, {"references":["Beutel RG, Ge SQ, Hornschemeyer T. 2008. On the head morphology of Tetraphalerus, the phylogeny of Archostemata and the basal branching events in Coleoptera. Cladistics. 24: 270 - 298.","Hornschemeyer T. 2009. The species-level phylogeny of archostematan beetles - where do Micromalthus debilis and Crowsoniella relicta belong? Syst Entomol. 32: 533 - 558.","Ponomarenko AG. 1969. Historical development of archostematan beetles. Tr Palaeontol Inst Akad Ski SSSR. 1 - 233.","Ponomarenko AG, Volkov AN. 2013. Ademosynoides asiaticus Martynov, 1936, the earlies known member of an extant beetle family (Insecta, Coleoptera, Trachypachidae). Paleontol J. 47: 601 - 606.","Hornschemeyer T, Wedman S, Poinar G. 2010. How long can insect species exist? Evidence from extant and fossil Micromalthus beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera). Zool JLinn Soc. 158: 300 - 311."]}

Road transports are rapidly electrified, and, in a few years, electrified vehicles may represent the majority of all vehicles being sold. This is true for light and heavy vehicles. On the one hand, vehicle electrification is probably necessary to make road transport environmentally sustainable. On the other, electrification is a real challenge to the automotive industry. The automotive industry in Sweden is important and it has since its inception built its business around internal combustion engines. The main question of this pre-study is: To what extent will electrified vehicles have their value added in Sweden and how will the change impact the employment?The core of the pre-study is data from 11 interviews carried out in June 2019. The respondents work with electrification at AB Volvo, Volvo Cars or at a supplier. The inter-views covered among others the speed of change towards electrification, there are people arguing that everything will be electrified within a few years. The vehicle manufacturers argue that the change rate is lower, because it takes time to develop new vehicles and change the vehicle fleet. Another key question is if the consequences of electrification are underestimated. The pre-study indicates that the consequences probably are underestimated by automakers as well as suppliers. A rough estimation tells that internal combustion engine related work employ circa 15,000 people in Sweden. Moreover, the service and maintenance business is expected to diminish substantially, which might impact another 5,000 people. On the positive side, companies like Northvolt may employ 2,000 – 3,000 people in Skellefteå in a few years. Vägtransporterna elektrifieras i snabb takt och om några år kan elektrifierade fordon utgöra majoriteten av de fordon som säljs. Det gäller såväl lätta som tunga fordon. Å ena sidan är elektrifieringen förmodligen helt nödvändig för att vägtransporterna ska bli miljömässigt acceptabla. Å andra sidan är elektrifieringen en rejäl utmaning för fordonsindustrin. Sverige har en omfattande fordonsindustri och den har sedan sin tillkomst byggt sina affärer kring förbränningsmotorer. Förstudiens huvudfråga är: I vilken utsträckning som de elektrifierade fordonen kommer att ha sitt förädlingsvärde i Sverige och hur förändringen kommer att påverka sysselsättningen? Förstudiens kärna är data från 11 intervjuer genomförda i juni 2019. Intervjupersonerna arbetar med elektrifiering, inom AB Volvo, Volvo Cars eller hos leverantörer. Intervjuerna behandlar bland annat frågan om förändringstakten mot elektrifiering, det finns källor som hävdar att allt är elektrifierat inom några få år. Fordonstillverkarna tonar ner förändringstakten och betonar att det tar tid, både att ta fram nya fordon och att byta ut fordonsflottan. En annan nyckelfråga är om konsekvenserna av elektrifieringen underskattas. Förstudien indikerar att konsekvenserna sannolikt underskattas både av leverantörer och fordonstillverkare. En grov uppskattning indikerar att förbränningsmotorområdet sysselsätter cirka 15 ooo personer i Sverige. Utöver det bedöms serviceaffären reduceras kraftigt, vilket kan beröra ytterligare cirka 5 000 personer. På den positiva sidan kan företag som Northvolt om några år sysselsätta ett par tre tusen personer i Skellefteå. Denna rapport sammanfattar resultaten av projektet ”Elektrifiering och sysselsättning: Förstudie” som utförts av Hans Pohl på RISE Research Institutes of Sweden ICT Viktoria med finansiering om 99 070 kronor från Regionutvecklingsnämnden i Västra Götalands-regionen.

Electronic Supplement File 1: pohl&al-strepsipterafossillarva-asp2019-electronicsupplement-1.nex — Data matrix with characters of female late instar larvae.

Electronic Supplement File 2: pohl&al-strepsipterafossillarva-asp2019-electronicsupplement-2.nex — Data matrix with characters of male late instar larvae.

Arthropod systematics & phylogeny 77(1), 125 - 140 (2019). doi:10.26049/ASP77-1-2019-06, A fossil Cenozoic late instar strepsipteran larva is described and evaluated phylogenetically. The single specimen is embedded in Eocene Baltic amber. The short antennal buds, mandibles not intercrossing in the midline, unsegmented tarsi, and the elongated slender claws clearly indicate that it is not an adult female but a late larval instar. The low number of ommatidia of the compound eyes strongly suggests that it is an immature female. Besides this, wing buds are missing in contrast to male puparia of Mengenillidae. Phylogenetic analyses of characters of female late instar larvae indicate that the species belongs to the stem group of Strepsiptera. The presence of distinctly developed mouthparts and legs show that the larva does not belong to Stylopidia. The presence of a distinct clypeolabral suture, a large labrum, and claws which are elongated but not filiform exclude it from crown group Strepsi-ptera. It is likely that it is a female larva of the extinct genus †Mengea, which is only known from Eocene Baltic amber. Small size excludes an assignment to †Protoxenos, which is known from the same period. Characters of the fossil entered in a comprehensive matrix assuming that the larva belongs to †Mengea confirm a sistergroup relationship between the fossil described here and extant Strepsiptera., Published by Museum, Dresden

Electronic Supplement File 4: pohl&al-strepsipterafossillarva-asp2019-electronicsupplement-4.pdf — Fig. S1. Strict consensus tree tree based on an analysis of characters of male larvae; apomorphies mapped on the tree (37 steps, CI = 0.97, RI = 0.98). Numbers above the circles refer to character numbers, and numbers below to character states. — Fig. S2. Strict consensus tree based on an analysis of characters of males, females and immature stages (fossil larva coded as female); apomorphies mapped on the tree (309 steps, CI = 0.8, RI = 0.9). Numbers above the circles refer to character numbers, and numbers below to character states.

In an era characterized by a move towards a “knowledge society”, universities are central in fostering “knowledgeability”, that is the reflexive understanding of knowledge in knowledge societies. The objective of “knowledgeability” can be met through creating a stronger link between education and research. Furthermore, overall student performance, for example in critical thinking and problem solving, can be improved if research-related activities are incorporated into the curriculum. The aim of this paper is to use international examples to discuss the research- education nexus from four different perspectives, namely context, policy, implementation and quality, with case studies from higher education institutions in Singapore and Sweden. We suggest that different integrative technologies can be used to enhance the links, but it will be essential to consider the inputs of training, service and support in using new technology. Interestingly, the act of evaluating the link between education and research will increase awareness of this linkage by stakeholders involved in both education and research. In turn the link can be strengthened, contributing to increased quality in both education and research., Published even in Preprints 2019

Electronic Supplement File 3: pohl&al-strepsipterafossillarva-asp2019-electronicsupplement-3.nex — Data matrix with characters of males, females and immature stages (fossil larva coded as female).

The external and internal morphology of the primary larva of Mantispa aphavexelte was studied and documented with a broad spectrum of techniques. The cephalic anatomy, which is very similar to conditions found in other neuropteran immatures, is mainly affected by the formation of specialized mandibulo-maxillary sucking tubes and associated internal features. The postcephalic anatomy largely follows a generalized holometabolan pattern, with well-developed muscles in the thorax and the abdominal segments, an elongate, uncondensed ganglionic chain, and well-developed Malpighian tubules. The phylogenetic analysis of 70 larval characters suggests a weakly supported clade comprising Dilaridae, Berothidae, Rhachiberothidae and Mantispidae. Mantispoidea comprising Rhachiberothidae, Berothidae and paraphyletic Mantispidae is suggested by overlapping scales on antennae and maxillae, thoracic “trichobothria”, and hypermetamorphosis with scarabaeiform 2nd instar larvae. The relationships of the mantispoid terminals are not resolved, and Mantispa (Mantispinae) and Plega (Symphrasinae) are not retrieved as sister taxa. Spider parasitism and feeding in spider egg sacs is characteristic for Mantispinae, whereas immatures of Berothidae and non-mantispine mantispid larvae prey on the offspring of social or non-social aculeatan Hymenoptera, on termites, or on immatures living in soil or under bark, for example scarab larvae. Specializations of the legs like a trumpet-shaped empodium and a fixed tarsal pseudoclaw, enable mantispine larvae to cope with functional challenges linked with their specialized form of parasitism, like entering a host or penetrating its egg sack. The largely immobilized and straight sucking stylets are suitable for piercing eggs of spiders, but not for grasping prey. The terminal eversible attachment structure probably provides anchorage of the abdominal apex and thus may facilitate the penetration of the egg sac or membranes of the body surface of a spider. It may also facilitate boarding a passing suitable host. Very small size of the 1st instars and hypermetamorphosis are likely linked with parasitism. Even though the primary larvae of M. aphavexelte belong to the smallest immatures in Neuroptera, the effects of miniaturization are very limited.

Zorotypus (Octozoros) hirsutus Mashimo, sp. n. (Figs. 1, 2) Holotype: Alate female; Myanmar, Kachin State, Hukawng Valley (Kania et al. 2015: fig. 1; Jałoszyński et al. 2017: fig. 1); Albian-Cenomanian boundary, mid Cretaceous. The holotype is deposited in Patrick Müller’s private collection (depository number BUB 2785). Etymology. The specific name is taken from a Latin adjective hirsutus meaning “hairy, shaggy”, and refers to the bristly or hirsute appearance, with a dense vestiture of long and slender setae. Diagnosis. Zorotypus hirsutus sp. n. is tentatively assigned to the subgenus Octozoros based on the eightsegmented antenna. This species is readily distinguished from the other species of Octozoros by the combination of the following characters: strongly developed vestiture of bristles on the entire body; very slender, elongate antennomeres; elongated head with concave genal region; absence of thorn-like protuberances on mesonotal anterolateral corners; absence of jugate setae along posterior margin of forewings; relatively slender tibiae; empodium of meta-pretarsus reduced to a slender hair-like structure. Description. Alate female. Integument blackish brown except antennomeres VII and VIII (Fig. 1A, B). Head subtriangular, moderately elongated, with concave genal region (Figs. 1C, 2A). Surface covered with vestiture of long setae (Figs. 1C, 2A). Compound eyes prominent; three ocelli present. Antennae 8-segmented, with vestiture of setae of moderate length (Fig. 1A, B); antennomere I elongate, approximately 4.5 times longer than wide; antennomere II relatively short, about one-third as long as antennomere I; antennomere III elongate, approximately twice as long as antennomere II; antennomeres IV–VI distinctly elongated, slender, approximately six times as long as wide; antennomeres VII-VIII very slender, approximately four times as long as wide. Maxilla only partly visible; galea with comb of mesally directed setae on apical region (Figs. 1C, 2A); slender lacinia with two small mesally directed teeth on distal part (Fig. 2A); maxillary palpus with palpomere I not visible; palpomeres II, III and V distinctly elongated; palpomere IV slightly longer than wide. Labial palpus with palpomere I partly visible; palpomere II slightly elongated and palpomere III distinctly elongated (Figs. 1C, 2A). Pronotum subrectangular, longer than wide, slightly narrowing anteriorly; with vestiture of setae of moderate length on surface and also densely covered with long setae along margins (Fig. 1D). Mesonotum only partly visible; distinctly broader than long, about half as long as pronotum; thorn-like protuberances on the anterolateral corners absent; with vestiture of setae of moderate length on surface and along margins. Metanotum (and part of wings) covered by bubble; distinctly broader than long, slightly shorter than mesonotum, with setae of moderate length along lateral and posterior margin. Legs densely covered with setae of moderate length; tarsi 2-segmented. Protibia with bristles arranged as comb along distal ventral half and pair of spurs inserted apically (Fig. 1C, E). Mesotibia with apical pair of spurs (Fig. 1F). Metafemur proximally expanded, gently tapering towards apex; eight stout spines (sp1–8) placed on tubercles along posterior border of ventral surface (1–7 in Fig. 1F); sp5 and sp7 distinctly elongated; sp1 slightly longer than remaining spines (Fig. 1E); right metafemur with one additional small spine between sp6 and sp7 (6+ in the inset in Fig. 1F); three stiff bristles inserted at preapical region of anterior border of ventral surface (Fig. 1F). Metatibia slender, with two stout spines at apical one-third and at apex (a, b in Fig. 1A), additionally with tiny spine near most apical spine (white arrow in Fig. 1A, G). Meta-pretarsus with pair of small pulvilli (black arrowhead in the inset in Fig. 1G); empodium reduced to slender hair-like structure (white arrowhead in the inset in Fig. 1G). Stiff spine present between metacoxae (black arrow in Fig. 1F). Abdominal setae dense (Fig. 2C). Abdominal tergum I (T1) with transverse row of setae of moderate length along posterior margin (Fig. 2B); T2–10 with vestiture of setae of moderate length; T2–7 with pair of long, erect setae on both sides of posterior region; T8–9 with two pairs of long, erect setae on both sides of posterior region. Median up-curved projections missing (Fig. 2C). Cercus unsegmented, conical, with four or five long subapical setae almost as long as cercus, proximally with moderate to long, fine setae (Figs. 1A, B, 2B, C). Abdominal sterna I–III (S1–3) not visible; S4–8 with setae of moderate length (Fig. 2C). Wing venation (Fig. 1A, B) visible as faint, fuscous lines; membrane hyaline except for brownish pterostigma of forewing, covered with minute setae; both fore and hind wings with dense fringes of short setae, slightly longer than those of membrane; posterior margin of forewings lacking stiff, jugate setae. Forewing (Fig. 1A) R reaching pterostigma base, evanescent distally; Rs separating from radial stem near midpoint of wing, connected with M by short rs-m cross vein; M reaching posterior wing margin, slightly proximal to termination of Rs; CuA 1 extending over third-fifths of wing, terminating on posterior margin; CuA 2 present as a very short stub in basal third of wing. Hind wing with R+M furcated near apex, both R and M reaching wing margins; Cu absent. Remarks. A lobe-like structure is partly visible lateral to the left galea (asterisk in Figs. 1C, 2A), but could not be unambiguously identified; corresponding part on right side concealed by bubble.

Mashimo, Yuta, Müller, Patrick, Pohl, Hans, Beutel, Rolf G. (2018): The "hairy beast " - Zorotypus hirsutus sp. n., an unusual new species of Zoraptera (Insecta) from Burmese amber. Zootaxa 4508 (4): 562-568, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4508.4.4

© 2018 Author(s). Most of the stable elements have two and more stable isotopes. The physical properties of materials composed of such elements depend on the isotopic abundance to some extent. A remarkably strong isotope effect is observed in the phonon thermal conductivity, the principal mechanism of heat conduction in nonmetallic crystals. An isotopic disorder due to random distribution of the isotopes in the crystal lattice sites results in a rather strong phonon scattering and, consequently, in a reduction of thermal conductivity. In this paper, we present new results of accurate and precise measurements of thermal conductivity κ(T) for silicon single crystals having three different isotopic compositions at temperatures T from 2.4 to 420 K. The highly enriched crystal containing 99.995% of28Si, which is one of the most perfect crystals ever synthesized, demonstrates a thermal conductivity of about 450 ± 10 W cm-1K-1at 24 K, the highest measured value among bulk dielectrics, which is ten times greater than the one for its counterpartnatSi with the natural isotopic constitution. For highly enriched crystal28Si and crystalnatSi, the measurements were performed for two orientations [001] and [011], a magnitude of the phonon focusing effect on thermal conductivity was determined accurately at low temperatures. The anisotropy of thermal conductivity disappears above 31 K. The influence of the boundary scattering on thermal conductivity persists sizable up to much higher temperatures (∼80 K). The κ(T) measured in this work gives the most accurate approximation of the intrinsic thermal conductivity of single crystal silicon which is determined solely by the anharmonic phonon processes and diffusive boundary scattering over a wide temperature range.

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 10.0px 'Times New Roman'} Strategies for the internationalisation of higher education are preferably based on careful analyses of high-quality data. One key question is to identify countries for intensified academic collaboration. This study gives some guidance as it a) highlights countries with relatively high growth in research (quantity and quality of Scopus publications) and b) maps the current collaboration pattern of an entity (a country or a higher education institution). In both cases, new methodologies have been developed to make good use of data. The study demonstrates that the world map in terms of important research countries is changing rapidly. Economic growth and an increased awareness of knowledge as a driver for national development have contributed to many countries’ swift growth in higher education and research. At the same time, academically established countries rather exhibit a stagnation in their development. Some countries manage to combine a growth in volume with a growth in quality, China is one important example, whereas others have difficulties to develop the quality, among them Indonesia and South Korea. The collaboration pattern shows that Sweden’s research collaboration portfolio only to a very small extent includes countries with high growth in publication volume and quality. For the NWB2018, further countries’ collaboration pattern will be added, as well as a look at how different scientific disciplines collaborate internationally. STINT supports policymakers and researchers at all levels. This work will be submitted to a journal and results will also be communicated using other channels.

Silicon is the most developed electronic and photonic technological platform and hosts some of the highest-performance spin and photonic qubits developed to date. A hybrid quantum technology harnessing an efficient spin-photon interface in silicon would unlock considerable potential by enabling ultra-long-lived photonic memories, distributed quantum networks, microwave to optical photon converters, and spin-based quantum processors, all linked using integrated silicon photonics. However, the indirect bandgap of silicon makes identification of efficient spin-photon interfaces nontrivial. Here we build upon the recent identification of chalcogen donors as a promising spin-photon interface in silicon. We determined that the spin-dependent optical degree of freedom has a transition dipole moment stronger than previously thought (here 1.96(8) Debye), and the T1 spin lifetime in low magnetic fields is longer than previously thought (> 4.6(1.5) hours). We furthermore determined the optical excited state lifetime (7.7(4) ns), and therefore the natural radiative efficiency (0.80(9) %), and by measuring the phonon sideband, determined the zero-phonon emission fraction (16(1) %). Taken together, these parameters indicate that an integrated quantum optoelectronic platform based upon chalcogen donor qubits in silicon is well within reach of current capabilities.