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For high-speed machining, special tool paths are required wherewith the tool load is well-controlled, and the path is sufficiently smooth. One of the most effective solutions for controlling the tool load is to keep the cutter engagement constant. For this purpose, advanced tool path generating cycles are available in CAM systems. In case of slot machining, these cycles result in a trochoidal tool path. Since the CAM systems generate these tool paths regardless of the special geometric boundary conditions, each trochoidal period must be calculated separately. However, in our previous researches, it has been observed that the loops of the trochoidal tool path which provide a constant cutter engagement become uniform after a few periods. In this paper, a new method is presented, which can be used for generating this uniform trochoidal tool path shape. The developed method was compared to conventional trochoidal strategies, that were using circular or cycloid curves, and it proved to be significantly better than the traditional solutions. Considering its improved machining efficiency, simplifying the calculation process of this modern strategy can facilitate a wider use. In addition, the formal description of the path generation method provides further opportunities for optimisation.

Comunicació presentada a 18th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR2021), celebrat del 3 al 12 de novembre de 2021 de manera virtual. Width-based planning methods deal with conjunctive goals by decomposing problems into subproblems of low width. Algorithms like SIW thus fail when the goal is not easily serializable in this way or when some of the subproblems have a high width. In this work, we address these limitations by using a simple but powerful language for expressing finer problem decompositions introduced recently by Bonet and Geffner, called policy sketches. A policy sketch R over a set of Boolean and numerical features is a set of sketch rules that express how the values of these features are supposed to change. Like general policies, policy sketches are domain general, but unlike policies, the changes captured by sketch rules do not need to be achieved in a single step. We show that many planning domains that cannot be solved by SIW are provably solvable in low polynomial time with the SIW_R algorithm, the version of SIW that employs user-provided policy sketches. Policy sketches are thus shown to be a powerful language for expressing domain-specific knowledge in a simple and compact way and a convenient alternative to languages such as HTNs or temporal logics. Furthermore, they make it easy to express general problem decompositions and prove key properties of them like their width and complexity. This work was partially supported by an ERC Advanced Grant (grant agreement no. 885107), by project TAILOR, funded by EU Horizon 2020 (grant agreement no. 952215), and by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. Hector Geffner is a Wallenberg Guest Professor at Linkoping University, Sweden. We used compute resources from the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement no. 2018-05973.

The transition from traditional AC distribution system to future mature AC/DC hybrid distribution mode is an effective means to solve the challenges of high penetration of distributed energy, diversification of energy types, high requirements of power quality and power supply reliability.AC / DC hybrid distribution system can be used in many scenarios by virtue of its technical advantages. This paper analyzes the typical application scenarios of AC / DC distribution network from the perspective of "source network load". Combined with the research status of AC / DC hybrid distribution network, this paper introduces the planning method from three aspects: paper, standard and typical algorithm. Finally, a demonstration project is taken as an example to illustrate the key points of the planning.

At present, due to the abnormal objective function setting result of AC / DC distribution network energy storage depth planning method, the operation cost of power supply network has been increased frequently. Therefore, the energy storage depth planning method of AC / DC distribution network based on toughness enhancement technology is designed. The minimum peak valley difference, maximum load rate and minimum load change are taken as the energy storage depth planning objectives of AC / DC distribution network. The economic mathematical model of distribution network planning is constructed by using toughness enhancement technology and objective function to complete the in-depth planning of distribution network. So far, the energy storage depth planning method of AC / DC distribution network based on toughness enhancement technology has been completed. Simulation experiment has been constructed. Through the comparison, it can be seen that this method has better effect than the original method, possessing stronger control ability for operation components.

In order to improve the reliability of distribution network, a grid planning method of distribution network based on artificial intelligence technology is studied. Firstly, according to the principle of grid division, the planning area is divided into several planning grids reasonably; the existing problems of the existing distribution network are analyzed systematically, and the weak links of the existing distribution network are summarized. According to the current grid structure, load forecasting results and planning objectives of planning grid, the target grid and transition grid of planning grid are determined, and the load forecasting method of distribution network is designed to improve the scientificity of distribution grid division. The experiments show that after the grid planning of the distribution network in a planning area, the target grid of the distribution network is strong, the power supply range is clear, and the power supply reliability is high, which verifies the effectiveness and scientificity of the method.

Land and culture are intrinsically linked to each other. Cities and towns in India more often than not have a historic origin which has subsequently grown into the present-day urban settlements. While the timeline of the historicity may vary, historic districts are a fairly common occurrence. These historic districts have layered histories that are expressed in their built morphology with their embedded culture and meaning. The present planning methods and development tools and techniques that are imposed on the heritage districts are of a top-down approach which carefully recognize and delineate only a selected few of historic structures and precincts while ignoring the complex multilayered factors that resulted in their formulation over time. This paper questions this unilateral approach to planning such multilayered, multifaceted issues as faced in historic districts. While the primary intent of this study is to examine the impact of the planning decisions and the mutilations that they trigger, the aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the historic districts of the towns of Badami and Kampli, and discover the possible ways to better connect historic preservation with urban planning, which could potentially be applied to other such towns in India.

Demand response plays a significant role in peak load shifting, storage capacity configuration and renewable energy utilization. A bi-level planning method for energy storage system of integrated community energy system considering the demand response is proposed in this paper. In the upper level, the investment cost of electrical energy storage and thermal energy storage, operation and maintenance cost and fuel cost of the integrated community energy system, as well as the compensation cost to the energy consumer, are considered; in the lower level, the responded demand of the energy consumer is taken into consideration to minimize the energy bill of the energy consumer. An actual planning for energy storage system of integrated community energy system shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric advantage of inverse planning optimization (IPO) in locally advanced cervical cancer using high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT). IPO was compared with point A plan and geometric optimization (GO). The three planning methods were evaluated using doses to the virtual organ-at-risk (OAR) and D90 (the minimum dose covering of 90% of the volume) to the virtual high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) based on quantitative analysis. HR-CTV structures measuring 38.5 cm3 and 59.5 cm3 were created based on the outcomes of a European Group cohort study. The HR-CTVs were located either at the center of the cervix (cervical center model) or shifted toward the left (extensive disease model). The distances from the HR-CTVs to the rectum were set at 0 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm. We analyzed 336 conditions in this study. All doses were evaluated by conversion to doses in 2-Gy fractions of conventional radiotherapy. The D90 of the HR-CTV using GO and IPO could achieve the desired dose in all conditions, providing better results than that of point A plan. IPO makes it possible to deliver a sufficient dose for the D90 of the HR-CTV while reducing OAR doses with smaller HR-CTV values (

This paper studies the construction and area division of multi-quadrotor collaborative area coverage mission planning environment model. The deep Q-network(DQN) algorithm is applied to multi-quadrotor area coverage mission planning problem, and a DQN-based multi-quadrotor area coverage mission planning method is proposed. The method has the advantages of good coverage effect, high execution efficiency, reusability and strong practicability.

В современных экономических условиях, предполагающих адаптацию к требованиям рыночной экономики стратегическое планирование - это наиболее адекватный инструмент, усиливающий влияние администрации и общества в решении проблем повышения занятости и уровня жизни населения. Значение целевых программ особенно возрастает в периоды каких-либо сдвигов в структуре национальной экономики и в периоды ее нестабильности, например, когда встает вопрос о внедрении новых технологий, или когда необходимо быстро менять материально - техническую базу, или реагировать на новые вызовы и угрозы мирового рынка. Анализ отечественного опыта использования программно-целевого метода планирования на муниципальном уровне проводился на примере города Оренбурга. Развитие предпринимательства является одной из главных задач экономической политики города, а малое и среднее предпринимательство играет важную роль в его экономике, способствует наращиванию налоговых поступлений, созданию новых рабочих мест, насыщению рынка товарами и услугами собственного производства. На основе анализа статистической информации по развитию предпринимательства в городе определены проблемы связанные с реализацией разработанной программы развития малого и среднего предпринимательства. Определено значение программно-целевого метода планирования в развитии предпринимательства города. Выявлены преимущества, недостатки и особенности программно-целевого метода планирования на муниципальном уровне., In modern economic conditions, involving adaptation to the requirements of a market economy, strategic planning is the most adequate tool that enhances the influence of the administration and society in solving the problems of increasing employment and living standards of the population. The value of targeted programs especially increases during periods of any shifts in the structure of the national economy and during periods of instability, for example, when the question of the introduction of new technologies arises, or when it is necessary to quickly change the material and technical base, or respond to new challenges and threats of the world market. The analysis of the domestic experience of using the target-oriented planning method at the municipal level was carried out on the example of the city of Orenburg. The development of entrepreneurship is one of the main tasks of the city's economic policy, and small and medium-sized businesses play an important role in the city's economy, contribute to increasing tax revenues, creating new jobs, saturating the market with goods and services of its own production. Based on the analysis of statistical information on the development of entrepreneurship in the city, the problems associated with the implementation of the developed program for the development of small and medium-sized businesses are identified. The importance of the program-target planning method in the development of entrepreneurship of the city is determined. The advantages, disadvantages and features of the target-oriented planning method at the municipal level are revealed.

In order to improve the efficiency of path planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), this paper proposed a method combined of GA and A* algorithm for three-dimensional path planning, which is divided into global path planning and real-time path re-planning. Global path planning focus on safety and optimality, and provides an optimal path for the UAV that meets the constraints by using the real number gene coding method. Real-time path re-planning focuses on emergency threats and needs to ensure real-time performance. It is implemented by combining the two-dimensional A* algorithm and height planning that improves the searching efficiency compared to traditional three-dimensional A* methods. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed method in this paper can effectively reduce the search space and improve the search efficiency.

In this paper, problem of online fast attitude planning and obstacle avoidance for spacecraft is addressed. A new approach to generate three dimensional trajectory used finite Fourier series (FFS) shape-based method is proposed. By which, time-optimal trajectory under constraints of attitude dynamics and satisfies demand of collision avoidance with obstacles is obtained. Simulation example is set up to validate the effectiveness of the proposed attitude maneuver planning method.

In order to meet the demand of the rapid economic growth for power load, this paper proposes a 500kV substation planning method considering the interconnection structure of 220kV substation. Firstly, the interconnection structure between 220 kV substations is analyzed; secondly, based on the interconnection structure between 220 kV substations and further considering the access of 220 kV high-voltage power supply, a mathematical model of 500 kV substation planning considering the interconnection structure of 220 kV substation is constructed; furthermore, the improved weighted Voronoi diagram algorithm and the low-voltage side line network loss and investment cost are adopted The method of station location optimization is used to solve the planning model of 500kV substation. Finally, the scientificalness and practicability of the proposed method in the planning of 500kV substation is verified by an example.

This paper presents a planning method and principles of the cloud energy storage applied in the power grid, which is a shared energy storage technology. A detail design drawing is presented to define the cloud energy storage system. Simple math models are presented to describe the optimization planning problem. The construction steps contrasting traditional planning process are presented. The principles for planning investment are also presented to consider the flexibility for operation in power system.

The unbundling of the electricity companies, which means the separation of generation, transport, and distribution activities, imposed over the past two decades in many countries has led to a review of planning methods, be it generation or networks.

The building construction wastes seriously polluted the environment; building construction wastes and the recycling of green packaging materials are the important link of environment protection and sustainable development. The building construction wastes have complicated composition. Some of them can be recycled by simply sorting, but most urban building construction wastes require special separation or reprocessing. Therefore, building an efficient and practical building construction wastes multilevel utilization recycling system to resolve the recycling problems of building construction wastes is meaningful. By systematically analyzing the grading recycling system of building construction wastes, this article uses systems engineering, logistics theory, resources recycling science, management science, and other related methods and knowledge to establish a novel nonlinear programming (LP) intelligence planning analysis model for a complex reverse logistics transportation system composed of three-level recycling parts of the building construction wastes, and applies a practical example to propose the solving method of new models based on genetic algorithms and LINGO software. The presented new model and its detailed solving method can help us find the best recycling scheme from urban building construction wastes, and it has great significance for the sustainable development in building construction enterprises.

The diversification of market subjects has become one of the most significant characteristics of power grids with the opening of power market policies. According to the theory of non-cooperative complete information game, this study focused on distributed generation (DG) operators, the distribution network operator (DNO) and power users. Considering the system economy and the power consumption satisfaction, a multi-agent collaborative planning method for DGs depended on non-cooperative games is proposed to achieve stable and friendly interaction between agents. CPLEX is used to solve the model to obtain the location and capacity of DGs. The simulation results indicated that the proposed method could balance the economic benefits of the main agents, and improve user comfort effectively.

Electric power industry in China develops rapidly, thus China’s grid structure tends to be complicated. This paper classifies the different functional properties of the power grid, discusses the different functional properties of the power grid and their impact on the grid structure, constructs the network optimization model based on the functional properties and conducts simulation verification, thus providing a grid planning method based on different functional properties of the grid.

The implementation of integrated load forecasting has great impact on the planning of urban substations. In this context, this paper proposes a planning model of urban substations considering integrated load forecasting. Loads are consisted of traditional loads and electrified loads, wherein traditional loads are predicted by regression analysis methods on the basis of historical load data. Meanwhile, electrified loads are mainly considered to be electric vehicles, which are predicted by the system dynamics method. And then based on the obtained whole loads, multi-year planning of distribution systems is carried out in practical situation. Numerical results in some practical city show that the effectiveness of the proposed planning method.

The main objective of the work presented in this paper was to design and develop a hexapod robotic platform for educational purposes using performance planning methods. In this respect Design for Six Sigma approach was used for concept development, 3D CAD software and finite element analysis for the modeling and structural optimization while 3D printing technology was used for the manufacturing of the structural components.

Nowadays, automated guided vehicle (AGV) systems are frequently employed in automated warehouses. Recently, a problem has emerged regarding the movement of AGVs under uncertain transportation conditions necessitated by the novel logistics required for connected industries and societies. In the present study, we attempt to develop a simultaneous planning method to determine the optimal number and dwell point of AGVs in an AGV transfer system, under uncertain transportation conditions, based on a genetic algorithm. We propose an algorithm that can determine the optimal number of AGVs as well as the dwell points for idle AGVs such that the mean response time is minimized and the amount of the work done by the AGVs is maximized, even when the transportation condition is uncertain. Moreover, we investigate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm using numerical calculations and simulation experiments. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than previously used algorithms, in terms of the average matching time of products.

Deformities of the midfoot are often treated with midfoot osteotomies. The goal of the midfoot osteotomy is to create a plantigrade forefoot to hindfoot relationship. Many different techniques are described for performing midfoot osteotomies. Our goal is to present an objective pre-operative planning method and an intra-operative technique for accurate multiplanar realignment and discuss our short-term results. We retrospectively reviewed 18 patients, 10 female (56%) and 8 male (44%), that underwent realignment midfoot osteotomies. The mean follow-up was 25 months (range, 4-120). The mean age at the time of surgery was 53 years (range, 21-76). Statistically significant improvement in radiographic alignment was found in the anteroposterior talo-first metatarsal angle (p = .002) and the mechanical axis deviation of the foot (p = .02). This study proved that our pre-operative and intra-operative planning technique provides accurate multiplanar radiographic realignment with good clinical results.

In this article, the advantages, disadvantages and pitfalls of three-dimensional virtual surgical planning (3D-VSP) compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) planning methods in orthognathic surgery are discussed, alongside a standardised protocol that can be utilised. A skeletal Class II, skeletal Class III and an anterior open bite clinical case along with their 3D-VSP management are presented, highlighting modifications that can be made to computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) cutting guide and plate designs.

Deeply-learned planning methods are often based on learning representations that are optimized for unrelated tasks. For example, they might be trained on reconstructing the environment. These representations are then combined with predictor functions for simulating rollouts to navigate the environment. We find this principle of learning representations unsatisfying and propose to learn them such that they are directly optimized for the task at hand: to be maximally predictable for the predictor function. This results in representations that are by design optimal for the downstream task of planning, where the learned predictor function is used as a forward model. To this end, we propose a new way of jointly learning this representation along with the prediction function, a system we dub Latent Representation Prediction Network (LARP). The prediction function is used as a forward model for search on a graph in a viewpoint-matching task and the representation learned to maximize predictability is found to outperform a pre-trained representation. Our approach is shown to be more sample-efficient than standard reinforcement learning methods and our learned representation transfers successfully to dissimilar objects., 29 pages

In machining process for a workpiece with low rigidity such as a blade shape, it is required to consider elastic deformation of the workpiece shape itself due to cutting force. Conventionally, reduction of the cutting force in machining process is achieved by optimization of feed rate value in NC program. On the other hand, since a decrease in the feed rate causes an increase in machining time. So, other optimization algorithm is required. In this paper, a new method to suppress the elastic deformation of the workpiece by changing tool posture in multi-axis controlled machining is proposed. The proposed method is intended for finish machining process for blade shape with a ball end mill. In the proposed method, first, the cutting force loaded on the workpiece surface in a certain posture candidate is predicted, and an instantaneous cutting force at the moment when the machining surface is generated is estimated by model-based computer simulation. Based on this results, the amount of elastic deformation on the machined surface is estimated by FEM. This process is repeated at each cutter location and tool posture candidate, and the new tool posture that can minimize machining error caused by the elastic deformation is determined at each cutter location.

Robots are integrating into human society and become an important part. The robots and human must be considered as a whole system and the robots should be intelligent both in digital and physical like human to cooperate and interact with human non-physically or physically. For improving the physical intelligence of the robot, a magnetorheological fluid actuator (MRA) is proposed and studied in this paper. A collision model and a speed peak force planning method are proposed and some experiments are conducted. It shows that the collision peak force of the MRA with external objects can be easily controlled to different levels by controlling the compliance of the MRA for safe physical interaction with human or some striking works like hammering a nail.

In Italy, civic actors? engagement and bottom-up experiences related to public buildings revitalisation is considered a new potential alternative for urban renovation processes. The changes after the economic crisis brought to question traditional planning methods, especially the one related to public buildings? renovation and re-use. In fact, what emerges is that the economic shortage and the inadequate regulation of public agencies have highlighted difficulties in managing this issue. In this context, a new trend of innovative and hybrid actions starts to raise spontaneously and, at the beginning, from the bottom-up. This array of different practices, pursued by ?civic actors?, have been at the centre of political and social debate. There are two main perspectives to consider this new phenomenon. The first one is considering civic actors? engagement in revitalisation processes as a potential alternative to public buildings privatisation or disposals. The second one, is considering this kind of activities and practices as the only way to solve the problem of abandoned and unused public buildings.

At present, modules such as sensors deployed on an unmanned platform are strongly coupled with the unmanned platform. This means that these modules can only be used by the unmanned platform alone. The disadvantage of this model is the low efficiency of resource utilization. Multi-agent systems consisting of unmanned platforms are booming. How to achieve efficient allocation of tasks and resources is a key problem that multi-agent systems need to solve. In order to solve this problem, the idea of decoupling modules such as sensors from unmanned platforms is proposed by referring to the development of software defined radio technology. In this way, the resources of one platform can be used for multiple tasks at the same time. Based on this, a distributed task planning algorithm is designed with the goal of shortening the task completion time. Simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the distributed task planning method. The results show that the distributed task planning method can improve resource utilization efficiency and shorten task completion time.

A real-time trajectory re-planning method based on mission partition is proposed to deal with abnormal states of Orbital Transfer Vehicle (OTV). A trajectory re-planning problem is described as nonlinear optimal control problem. A mission partition method is designed to complete decision for target orbit considering deviations of orbit inclination and apogee altitude. According to different mission areas, the corresponding performance index and constraints are determined. Take the mission of circular target orbit as an example, a convex optimization problem is constructed and solved via sequence convex programming. The simulation results show that when a flight deviation occurs, this method can complete re-planning mission rapidly and achieve a certain degree of recovery for abnormal flight states.

The study aimed to identify the impact of good administrative planning on the performance of health sector workers. A field study on employees of Al-Eman General Hospital in Riyadh, and the study followed the descriptive analytical approach. The study population consisted of employees in Al-Eman General Hospital in Riyadh, and the sample size reached 63 employees in Al-Eman General Hospital in Riyadh Where the questionnaire was relied upon as a data collection tool, and the SPSS statistical analysis program was used to analyze the study data. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: The workforce planning has an impact on the job performance of the employees of Al-Iman Hospital, and it is largely applied and based on the results, that there is a statistically significant relationship between the practice of continuous workforce planning and job performance, as well as the absence of a significant effect in the workforce planning practice. Likewise, manpower planning is an appropriate way to track performance, but it is not sufficient, and this necessitates the need for control to be seen as entering the institution's work and role. In light of this, the study recommends the following: - The imperative of a planning system by the management of the institution that corresponds to the aspirations of the institution in the first place, and contributes even a little to raising and improving the level of performance it has. - Forming specialized committees entrusted with the task of designing the planning structure, its regulations, procedures, supervising its implementation and making it understandable and clear by the institution. - Using planning methods and approaches that contribute to assessing performance in every objectivity and do not cause embarrassment to the institution.

This chapter presents different methods and tools for microgrid optimal investment and planning problem, focusing on specific methodological aspects addressing the challenges of rural microgrids design. In particular, three aspects of rural microgrids planning are analyzed: (1) the multi-energy nature of rural microgrids, where electricity coexists with other energy vectors (such as heat distribution); (2) the occupation of large portions of the rural territory, which requires planning methods to consider the microgrid internal network constraints; (3) the remote (and sometimes off-the-grid) locations of rural microgrids, which require security criteria and multi-objective approaches to be considered in planning problem. These three methodological aspects are discussed using the example of a real microgrid in Alaska.

To solve the problem that the active management strategy is not considered in the current active distribution network expansion planning research, we propose a new active distribution network expansion planning method considering active management strategy. Combining active management with distribution network extend planning and DG locating and sizing. Considering the impact of DG active management on the distribution network, the two-layer planning model is used to optimize the line structure of the distribution network and the locating and sizing of the distributed generation. The upper model is optimized by the binary particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the lower model is optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The analysis of the example shows that the proposed method can reduce the economic cost and improve the reliability of the distribution network.

In order to tackling the energy shortage, researchers have paid close attention to distributed sustainable energy, which has great potential to replace traditional fossil fuels. On the other hand, with less pollution, the application of sustainable energy like photovoltaic (PV) and wind power can obtain ecological benefits beyond economic profits. This paper proposes a planning method of distributed PV with energy storage system (ESS), which is utilized to stabilize fluctuations of PV. In order to reflect the positive effects on ecological environment of sustainable energy, a PV penetration term is added to the objective function of the planning scheme. Numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness of the PV-ESS collaborative planning model and the rationality of the additional factor considered in configuration strategy.

TUNERCAR is a toolchain that jointly optimizes racing strategy, planning methods, control algorithms, and vehicle parameters for an autonomous racecar. In this paper, we detail the target hardware, software, simulators, and systems infrastructure for this toolchain. Our methodology employs a parallel implementation of CMA-ES which enables simulations to proceed 6 times faster than real-world rollouts. We show our approach can reduce the lap times in autonomous racing, given a fixed computational budget. For all tested tracks, our method provides the lowest lap time, and relative improvements in lap time between 7-21%. We demonstrate improvements over a naive random search method with equivalent computational budget of over 15 seconds/lap, and improvements over expert solutions of over 2 seconds/lap. We further compare the performance of our method against hand-tuned solutions submitted by over 30 international teams, comprised of graduate students working in the field of autonomous vehicles. Finally, we discuss the effectiveness of utilizing an online planning mechanism to reduce the reality gap between our simulation and actual tests.

This paper presents a new process planning method for five-axis machining, which is particularly suitable for parts with complex features or weak structures. First, we represent the in-process workpiece as a voxel model. Facilitated by the voxel representation, a scalar field called subtraction field is then established between the blank surface and the part surface, whose value at any voxel identifies its removal sequence. This subtraction field helps identify a sequence of intermediate machining layers, which are always accessible to the tool and are free of self-intersection and the layer redundancy problem as suffered, respectively, by the traditional offset layering method and the morphing method. Iso-planar collision-free five-axis tool paths are then determined on the interface surfaces of these machining layers. In addition, to mitigate the deformation of the in-process workpiece and avoid potential dynamic problems such as chattering, we also propose a new machining strategy of alternating between the roughing and finishing operations, which is able to achieve a much higher stiffness of the in-process workpiece. Ample experiments in both computer simulation and physical cutting are performed, and the experimental results convincingly confirm the advantages of our method.

Deceptive path planning is an important part of military simulation, which is mainly applied to the static environment now. However, it is very necessary to consider how to generate the deceptive path in dynamic environment because elements in the real battlefield change constantly. This paper proposes a phased planning method, which combines static planning results with dynamic data, so that the attacker can eventually find a feasible deceptive path in dynamic environment, which can avoid the moving obstacles. Some simulation experiments prove that the method is really useful for planning deceptive paths in dynamic environment.

Check dams are transverse structures build across gullies and they are very important engineering measure in soil restoration hazard mitigation. After three successive earthquakes in China, a considerable number of solid material was deposited in gullies. With the extreme rainfall, a numerous of flood and debris flow events were trigged, some of them caused serious secondary disasters. In the past 12 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, based on the debris-flow prevention method by controlling debris-flow magnitude and avoiding blocking river, a series of check dams were constructed to regulate the water and soil erosion. The operation status of check dams needs to be investigated and summarize the engineering practice experience. Based on the results of field investigation, the shape and size characteristics of the dam opening were analyzed, and then established a classification system of the opening clogging types. Moreover, in August 20, 2019, Flash floods and mudslides occurred in Wenchuan County, causing more than 30 people dead, buried the G213 highway, and damaged a bridge. These disasters bring new thinking for future hazard mitigation. Geotechnical measures can quickly reduce the disaster risk of flash flood and debris flow, and now it has formed a set of perfect design standards. However, the disaster mitigation effect of the vegetation measures are not fully studied. Thus, the integrated disaster mitigation effect of the above two methods will be investigated in the future work.

The specialized care level of the public Brazilian national health system is critical and chronically underfunded. Few studies have evaluated public secondary care planning on a strategic level, so there are open issues yet to examine. This study aims at locating medical centers and sizing equipment based on a two-step optimization process to meet the population’s needs. The models consider physicians’ propensity for working on a metropolis and the patients’ choice on moving the least from their municipalities, therefore, conflicting decisions. The models provide the location of medical centers, the assignment of equipment to such locations, and the additional hours of specialists required to meet official standards of demand. Available equipment with idle capacity should partly satisfy the requirement for exams within the current infrastructure. For the remaining uncovered demand, the second step of the optimization model suggests the acquisition of additional equipment for the elected medical centers to meet established needs. The proposed location of secondary care facilities covers 834 municipalities, corresponding to 97.77% of the estate, with an average patient displacement of 58.73 km (CI95%: 56.18 km - 61.28 km). In general, 39 out of 77 health regions should hire additional hours of medical specialties. Pediatrics and gynecology represent the major gap. Resumo A atenção especializada do sistema público de saúde brasileiro é crítica e subfinanciada. Poucos estudos avaliaram o planejamento da atenção secundária em um nível estratégico, portanto ainda há questões em aberto a serem examinadas. Este estudo objetiva determinar a localização de centros médicos e a quantidade de equipamentos com base em um processo de otimização em duas etapas para atender a população. Balanceamos decisões conflitantes de propensão dos médicos em trabalharem em metrópoles e de pacientes em mudarem o mínimo de seus municípios para fornecer a localização dos centros médicos, e equipamentos a esses locais e as horas adicionais de especialistas para atender aos padrões oficiais de demanda. Para a demanda restante, a segunda etapa do modelo de otimização sugere a aquisição de equipamento para os centros médicos eleitos, para atender às necessidades. A localização proposta das unidades de atendimento secundário abrange 834 municípios, correspondendo a 97,77% do estado, com um deslocamento médio de pacientes de 58,73 km (IC95%: 56,18 km - 61,28 km). Em geral, 39 das 77 regiões de saúde devem contratar horas adicionais de especialidades médicas. Pediatria e ginecologia representam a maior lacuna.

The production potential of offshore renewable energy meets the objectives of energy and climate policy at international and European level. Under French law, the necessary planning for the development of the offshore renewable energies is carried out within the framework of energy law. This situation, which was not entirely satisfactory in terms of participation and respect for the marine environment, has led to legal developments. In particular, the planning method chosen should be improved through the implementation of MSP. The purpose of this article is to present the planning of offshore renewable energies under French law and to analyze its relevance.

People of various backgrounds collaborate on environmental issues. They may have the same explicit goals, but their immaterial cultural conserves, e.g. mental models, rules and values ‒ their tacit knowledge ‒, often diverge. Morenian tools such as sociodrama and relationmetry realize mental models, attitudes and values, helping to create a collective perception. This frees time for real problem solving and forms a holistic understanding of complex underlying structures. The use of Morenian methods might lead faster to proper solutions. The focus is on ways to enrich and speed up multinational collaboration connected to environmental, social and economic themes, thus sustainable development. Great interest lies in the possibility of uniting explicit planning methods, including computerized aids with Morenian tools.

The article focuses on the separate and simultaneous influences of sealing technological effects: air temperature, sealing speed, roller pressure and nozzle pressure on resistance to water penetration, ultimate tensile strength, the adhesive strength of seam sealing after washed in processing sportwears made from waterproof fabrics. In this research, we used the analysis of variance method for two-elements case, planning method orthogonal experimental variety of factors, Microsoft Excel 2013 and Design Expert 11.0 software to process and analyse experiment results. The result which is to identify sealing technological elements has important effects on resistance to water penetration, ultimate tensile strength, the adhesive strength of seam sealing after washed. The result of this study is an useful guide in the actual production to improve the quality of links in order to save time and costs in the actual production in sportwear garment enterprises as well as Seam tape supplier in general and at TNG Investment and Trading Join Stock Company in particular.