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This is a second and significantly revised version of the original title by Caron Gentry and Laura Sjoberg, published in 2007. A central plank of their argument is that women's involvement in polit...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isometric hip adduction and abduction on trunk muscle activity during plank exercises. [Subjects and Methods] Nineteen healthy male subjects were recruited for this study. All subjects performed the traditional plank exercise (TP), plank exercise with isometric hip adduction (PHAD), and plank exercise with isometric hip abduction (PHAB) by using an elastic band. Electromyographic (EMG) activities of the internal oblique (IO) and external oblique (EO) were measured during the 3 plank exercises by using an Electromyography system. [Results] Internal oblique and external oblique muscle activities were significantly greater during plank exercise with isometric hip adduction and plank exercise with isometric hip abduction than during traditional plank exercise. Internal oblique and external oblique muscle activities did not differ between the plank exercise with isometric hip adduction and plank exercise with isometric hip abduction conditions. [Conclusion] These findings demonstrate that loaded isometric hip movements may be a useful strategy to increase trunk muscle activity during plank exercises.

This chapter critically examines how recent government papers and policies have informed and contextualised the new Higher Education and Research Bill (HERB) passed in April 2017. In particular, it concerns itself with the issue of ‘teaching excellence’, through what has been termed the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) that has emerged as a key plank of the current government’s policy for future funding of higher education (HE). It will consider the other spurs for reform in HERB, such as the desire to create a culture in HE where teaching has equal status with research, the need to ensure that universities provide better information about their courses and the experiences that they can offer students and the predictable governmental requirement for institutions to give value for money and to be clearly held accountable for any failure to provide a quality service to students. Lastly, there is also a strong emphasis on widening student participation across the sector and ‘levelling the playing field’ so that new providers can set up with the minimum of red tape. It is interesting to note how each of these additional areas for reform is clearly linked to TEF, which, this chapter will argue, will be the key vehicle used to drive them forward.

The social protest that engulfed Italy in the 1970s found a theoretical analysis in the work of the operaisti. Through a series of concepts, they outlined a new revolutionary practice that aimed to return to a more authentic reading of Marxism. This article focuses on the notion of 'refusal of work' and the ancillary concept of 'appropriation' and examines how these theoretical tools emerged out of radical protest in factories and were put forward by the operaisti as a central plank of a revolutionary strategy for the working class. Resumo Os protestos sociais que tomaram conta da Itália na década de 1970 ganharam fundamentação teórica no trabalho dos obreiristas. Estes, com base numa série de noções, delinearam uma prática revolucionária nova, encarada como retorno a uma interpretação mais autêntica do marxismo. O presente artigo trata da noção de "recusa do trabalho" e do conceito associado de "apropriação", examinando de que modo estas ferramentas teóricas se modelaram nos protestos radicais nas fábricas e foram apresentadas pelos obreiristas como plataforma central de uma estratégia revolucionária para a classe trabalhadora. Resumen Las protestas sociales que dominaron Italia en la década de 1970 obtuvieron fundamentación teórica en el trabajo de los obreristas. Con base en una serie de nociones, delinearon una práctica revolucionaria nueva, considerada como el regreso a una interpretación más auténtica del marxismo. El presente artículo trata de la noción de "rechazo al trabajo" y del concepto asociado de "apropiación", examinando de qué modo estas herramientas teóricas se moldaron en las protestas radicales en las fábricas y fueron presentadas por obreristas como plataforma central de una estrategia revolucionaria para la clase obrera.

This study investigated whether young children’s conformity to a consensus varies across the normative domain and age. A total of 168 3- and 5-year-olds participated. Each child was presented with a puzzle box that had two transparent compartments. In a reward preference condition, one of the compartments contained 1 sticker, whereas the other compartment contained 12 stickers. In perceptual judgment and arbitrary preference conditions, one compartment contained a short plank, whereas one contained a perceptually longer plank. Each child was shown a video of four female adults, each of whom was asked the same question within condition: “Which one’s the biggest?” (perceptual task; each model retrieved the smaller block), “Which one do you want?” (reward preference; each model retrieved the smaller reward), and “Which one do you want?” (arbitrary preference; each model retrieved the smaller plank). Children were then asked the same question by condition and were allowed to retrieve the item. Notably, more children conformed in the arbitrary preference condition than in the reward preference and perceptual judgment conditions, with 3-year-olds conforming significantly more than 5-year-olds. The 5-year-olds were more successful and imitated with greater fidelity, including demonstrating overimitation. However, less overimitation was observed in the arbitrary preference condition. Together, these findings show that children are sensitive to the contextual cues of the domain in which they are witnessing norms and vary their own conformity based on such cues. Furthermore, children can navigate which information to copy to fulfil their own ends.

Analysis and development of the existing method of calculation of the calibrated profile of the working strips mills CTRR roller cold rolling pipe to ensure the required distribution of energy-power parameters along the cone. In presented paper, which has for aim the development of existing method for calculating the profile of calibrated working plank in the cold tube roller rolling mills, the analysis had been made and it was proposed to use Besier-lines while building the the profile of the plank working surface. It was established that the use of Besier spline-curve for calculating the calibration of supporting planks creates the possibility to calculate the parameters proceeding from reduction over the external diameter. The proposed method for calculating deformation parameters in CTRR mills is the result of development of existing method and as such shows the scientific novelty. Comparison of the plots for distribution of the force parameters of the CTRR process along the cone of deformation presents as evidence the advantage of the method to be proposed. The decrease of reduction value at the end of deformation zone favors the manufacture of tubes with lesser wall thickness deviation (especially longitudinal one, caused with waviness induced by the cold pilgering process). Joined the further development of the method of calculating the deformation parameters CTRR. It is proposed for the calculation of the calibration work surface support bracket mills CTRR to use a spline Bezier. The practical significance of the proposed method consists in the fact that calculation of all zones of the plank by means of one dependence allows simplifying the process of manufacturing the latter in machines with programmed numerical control. In this case the change of reduction parameters over the thickness of the wall will not exert the considerable influence on the character of the force parameters (the character and not the value) distribution along the cone of deformation.

Vogue was one of the most influential fashion magazines of the twentieth century. In the 1920s its British edition, launched in 1916, became a focus for various forms of queer visual and cultural expression. The origins of the related ‘amusing style’, which delighted in camp display, can be traced to the romantic and artistic collaboration between the American artist George Wolfe Plank and the British writer E.F. Benson during the First World War. The illustrations that Plank produced for Benson’s book of satirical sketches of life in London’s high society, The Freaks of Mayfair (1916), shed light on the camp images that Plank designed for the covers of both the American and British editions of the magazine. Therefore, Plank can be understood to have played a key role in the development of queer visual culture during the early twentieth century.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate a variety of isometric plank exercises.DESIGN: Twenty university students performed the following eight different variants of plank exercises in random order and with 1-min rest intervals: stable prone plank, suspended prone plank, stable roll-out plank, suspended roll-out plank, unilateral stable prone plank, unilateral suspended prone plank, stable lateral plank, and suspended lateral plank. Surface electromyography signals were recorded for the upper rectus abdominis, lower rectus abdominis, external oblique, lumbar erector spinae, and normalized to the maximum voluntary isometric contraction.RESULTS: The suspended prone plank and the suspended roll-out plank provided the greatest upper rectus abdominis activity. The greatest lower rectus abdominis activity was induced by the suspended roll-out plank. The highest lumbar erector spinae activity was provided by the suspended and stable lateral planks. The suspended prone plank and the suspended roll-out plank provided the greatest external oblique activity, although not significantly different from the suspended lateral plank.CONCLUSIONS: Muscle activity could be progressed using the different exercises. Although suspended prone plank and the suspended roll-out plank were most efficient for the abdominal muscles, suspended and stable lateral planks were most efficient for the lumbar muscles.

We study lower bounds for the norm of the product of polynomials and their applications to the so called \emph{plank problem.} We are particularly interested in polynomials on finite dimensional Banach spaces, in which case our results improve previous works when the number of polynomials is large., Comment: 19 pages

Active force-feedback holds the potential for precise and rapid controls. A high performance device can be built from a surplus disk drive and controlled from an inexpensive microcontroller. Our new design, The Plank has only one axis of force-feedback with limited range of motion. It is being used to explore methods of feeling and directly manipulating sound waves and spectra suitable for live performance of computer music.

Anew version of a steeply inclined pivoted bucket belt conveyor with slippage of the traction belts relative to the shells of the reels is proposed. The natural vibrations of the buckets in the course of travel, taking into account the total rigidity of the two joined belts and the planks clamped between them, are estimated. The resonant speed of the conveyor belts is determined and the coefficient of dynamism is found. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Objectives: To appraise health system capability for transformation during economic crisis by exploring the impact of health service managers’ priorities, challenges and expectations. Methods: Survey of health service manager priorities and content analysis of health service manager semi-structured interviews with a final analysis of expectations using an organisational readiness lens. Results: Government priorities for health reform, even when shared by healthcare managers, are afforded little managerial time due to the pressures of ensuring service delivery during economic crisis as well as managing multiple organisational changes. In this situation managers are challenged by negative impacts on patient care, organisational fragmentation and the weak implementation of change. Manager expectations for organisational transformation are low. Conclusions: Health system transformation is unlikely given the range of complex priorities requiring attention from managers during economic crisis. Managers have little expectation of organisational transformation as they face considerable service delivery challenges while feeling under-resourced and unsupported. Adequate resourcing of communication and leadership for change is critical.

In 1972, I spent a year at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, as a Guggenheim Fellow. I was invited to join a group of visitors, all interested in various aspects of language. George Miller was heading this group. The other visitors were Phil Johnson Laird, now at Princeton University and Pim Levelt, now at Max Plank Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. It was truly a wonderful year. I was allowed to continue my research in Computational Linguistics and branch out in other directions of my choosing. I continued my work in Mathematical Linguistics, ‘testing’ it by explaining it to George, Phil, and Pim. These interactions allowed me to formulate a long term program in Mathematical Linguistics (ML). At the same time I was quite attracted by the work on Verbs of Motion that George and Phil had initiated. I thought it might be interesting to look at the Verbs of Seeing from this perspective. George encouraged me very strongly, always reminding me to follow an independent direction. The enclosed manuscript was finished in June 1972, a couple of months before I returned to Penn, where they roped me into the job of the Department Chair for Computer and Information Science at the University of Pennsylvania, a newly created Department. I was ‘stuck’ in this job for almost 12 years. Over the years, I have talked about this paper and the general topic of lexical decomposition but I never got around to write a long paper on this topic.

Boat building tradition is one of the skills mastered by Malay craftsmen. Decoration on the Perahu Buatan Barat, the Malay traditional boat is one of the uniqueness of the production of traditional boats in East Coast of Malaysia. The tradition of Malay boat building, each plank was given specific names based on the line of planks. There is one line called ‘papan tarik’ or ‘papan cantik’ was usually decorated with paintings by a variety of motifs and patterns from the bow to the stern of the boat. The motifs usually taken from the surrounding environment as well as flora and fauna will be painted with motifs repeated but with differing formations. The aim of this study is to identify the motifs and analyze the formation of motifs by using mathematical methods of frieze pattern.

This chapter will extend on the theoretical perspective of the previous chapter and will explore the connection between perezhivanie and children’s development, in particular the development of social competence. The cultural context of social competence is critical to children’s successful engagement with their world and this is explored in the context of early childhood educational settings as pivotal to the development of personality. This is a cryptic concept for early childhood teachers, although the emphasis on social skills and development are often emphasised as the key plank of early year’s education.

Objectives The primary purpose of this study was to examine the influence of descriptive norm information about others' performance on muscular endurance (plank hold). A secondary purpose was to examine whether descriptive norms could serve as a vicarious stimulus informing task self-efficacy. Design Using an experimental design, adults were randomly assigned to either a descriptive norm (DN; n = 34) or control (n = 34) condition. Methods Participants performed two maximum endurance planks separated by a rest period. Immediately after performing the first, all participants completed a task self-efficacy measure relating to the second plank. Following this, those in the DN condition received a verbal message stating that 80% of similar others held their second plank for longer than their first. Control received no message. Prior to performing the second plank, all participants completed the efficacy measure again. Results Results from two ANCOVAs revealed that those in the DN condition held their second planks for significantly longer (controlling for plank 1 time), F (1,65) = 17.99, p Conclusions Results extend previous research by relating descriptive norms to a new objective activity, while controlling for past behaviour, and by finding a causal relationship between descriptive norms and task self-efficacy for a muscular endurance task.

The purpose of the study was to compare core muscle activation of the tradition prone plank with a modified version performed with a long-lever and posterior-tilt using surface electromyography. To further determine if a specific component of this modified plank was more effective than the other in enhancing muscle activity, the plank with a long lever and the plank with a posterior pelvic tilt were studied individually. Nineteen participants performed all four variations of the plank for 30 seconds in a randomized order with 5-minute rest between exercise bouts. Compared to the traditional prone plank, the long-lever posterior-tilt plank displayed a significantly increased activation of the upper rectus abdominis (p < 0.001), lower abdominal stabilizers (p < 0.001), and external oblique (p < 0.001). The long-lever plank showed significantly greater activity compared to the traditional plank in the upper rectus abdominis (p = 0.015) and lower abdominal stabilizers (p < 0.001), while the posterior tilt plank elicited greater activity in the external oblique (p = 0.028). In conclusion, the long-lever posterior-tilt plank significantly increases muscle activation compared to the traditional prone plank. The long-lever component tends to contribute more to these differences than the posterior-tilt component.

This book is an interesting exposition of the reform discourse and reformironies in the desert kingdom of Saudi Arabia ... a country ambivalent in itssense of security and insecurity, content in its presumed “orthodoxy,” uncertainabout where it fits in this world and about its future, and unsure as to whatextent it can continue to linger in its self-imposed cocoon – and yet, by thesame token, how far it can go in opening up to a perceived threatening world.All of this ambivalence, as one senses while reading the book, hinders, obstructs,and consequently undermines King Abdullah’s alleged attempts at reform.In fact, as Hammond points out, many of these reforms have beennothing but “window dressing … driven entirely by the desire to protect theextraordinary powers of the Saudi royal family,” as well as by a felt necessityto appease the Americans (p. 150).Despite the king’s efforts to project the image of himself as a reformist,one “religious reform” (ṣaḥwah) figure describes him as simply being “outof the arena” (p. 137). Reforms, particularly judicial reforms, which Hammonddescribes as Abdullah’s “central plank,” are defined by a Najdi contextas well as in Najdi terms (Najd is the central region of the Arabian Peninsula).The result has been a polity “trapped” within a pre-modern framework and ...

The boat imprint unearthed at the site of the Benedictine abbey from Bizere (Frumuşeni, Romania) is a unique discovery for two reasons: its preservation as a negative imprint, due to its reuse for preparing mortar, and its dating back to the 12th century, based on the context of its discovery. It has been identified as a logboat, due to the absence of any technical details specific for plank boats, and now stands as the only vessel of this type with known dating for the territory of Romania. The article also enquires into the wider historical context of the discovery, thus bringing forth the archival data available with regard to medieval inland navigation.

In general it is recommended to fill a transformer pit with rock ballast to extinguish the fire if there is a leakage of burning transformer oil. There is a lack of technology-neutral performance requirements for the design of solutions for fire extinguishment in transformer pit fires. This hampers the introduction of alternatives to the traditional method of filling the pit with rocks. Therefore we have conducted quantitative tests where temperatures and concentrations of CO, CO2, and O2 were measured at different position in a transformer pit subjected to burning oil simulating an accidental rupture and leakage. The tests were conducted to investigate the extinguishing capacity of one specific alternative solution, i.e. a profile plank layer over the pit. Three tests were performed with 90°C and 140°C pre-heated transformer oil. In the second test, a 19 cm water bed was used to examine the impact of rain water in the pit. The result showed that the profile plank extinguished the flames in a few seconds and that the water level did not have any significant effect on the result. The measurements showed that the temperatures peaked at 600–800°C 50 cm above the profile plank in all tests but dropped to under 100°C in 14–16 s. Furthermore the O2-concentration dropped to 3–5 vol% below the plank, which contributed to the rapid extinction of the burning oil.

Plank figures are hallmark anthropomorphic depictions that illuminate Bronze Age society on Cyprus. The excavation of a rare limestone plank figure from a public space at Politiko-Troullia is inter...

This paper reports on the construction of a full-scale Bronze Age-type sewn-plank boat based on the Ferriby boats. The boat, which was named Morgawr, was constructed in the National Maritime Museum Cornwall in Falmouth, England, during 2012 and the first months of 2013, as part of a larger exhibition in the museum. This paper provides the background and context of the project, describes the process of building the craft, and reflects in particular on differences between Morgawr and the ‘hypothetical reconstruction of a complete sewn-plank boat’ published in 1990 by Ted Wright and John Coates which formed the basis for this project.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the establishment of this new type of elected official and the conduct of those in office during the first twelve months of their official existence, and to consider whether a compelling case has yet been made for its retention as the principal method of police governance. Design/methodology/approach – The paper will review policy papers and data which preceded and followed the establishment of the office of police and crime commissioner (PCC) in November 2012; review the 2012 elections and their implications, review conduct since, particularly in respect of formal duties, principally setting budgets and police and crime plans; consider the potential for politicisation; and consider whether a case has been made for the retention of the office in future. Findings – The paper concludes that the government has succeeded with PCCs in implementing a major plank of the Conservative party's 2010 manifesto. It can reasonably be anticipated that the Conservatives will promote this record at the next election. However, it is simply too early to tell if PCCs are individually or collectively adding value to the sum of policing in England and Wales. A compelling case for their retention as a means of police governance is therefore yet to be made. On the other hand, Labour has still to determine whether it will offer the electorate an alternative in 2015. Research limitations/implications – With only ten months having elapsed since the first elections, it is early to draw firm conclusions about the effectiveness or, more pertinently, the added value that PCCs have brought to policing. Conversely, the first twelve months was an opportunity for PCCs to make a positive impression and this has not occurred. Practical implications – PCCs ought to be subject to a rigorous appraisal of effectiveness. This is unlikely, for political reasons, to occur. Originality/value – First rigorous review of PCCs based on a review of available data.

As the Global North experiences a real or manufactured crisis in asylum, deterrence has become the central plank in border control policies. Following a resurgence of boat arrivals and faced with serious overcrowding in detention centers and a spate of drownings, the Australian government returned to the use of offshore detention for asylum seekers. In this article, the official media releases of the major political parties from the period surrounding the reopening of detention facilities on Nauru and Papua New Guinea are subject to systematic discourse analysis. This reveals a range of deterrence scripts that we have labeled “neoliberal deterrence,” “classical deterrence,” and an “ethic of care.” The resuscitation of the deterrence script in this second incarnation of Australian offshore processing arguably reveals increasingly nuanced and combative elements. The article details how these scripts make an important contribution to global immigration governance, which is presently incapable of thinking beyond deterrence in its various forms.

Almost all living species regularly explore environments that they experience as pleasant, aversive, arousing or frightening. We postulate that such exploratory behavior and emotional experience both are regulated based on the interdependent perception of one’s body and stimuli that collectively define a spatial context such as a cliff. Here we examined this by testing if the interaction of the sensory input on one’s gait and the sensory input on the spatial context is modulating both the emotional experience of the environment and its exploration through head motion. To this end, we asked healthy humans to explore a life-sized Virtual Reality simulation of a forest glade by physically walking around in this environment on two narrow rectangular platforms connected by a plank. The platforms and the plank were presented such that they were either placed on ground or on the top of two high bridge piers. Hence, the forest glade was presented either as a “ground” or as a “height” context. Within these two spatial contexts the virtual plank was projected either on the rigid physical floor or onto a bouncy physical plank. Accordingly, the gait of our participants while they crossed the virtual plank was either “smooth” or “bouncy.” We found that in the height context bouncy gait compared to smooth gait increased the orientation of the head below the horizon and intensified the experience of the environment as negative. Whereas, within the ground context bouncy gait increased the orientation of the head towards and above the horizon and made that the environment was experienced as positive. Our findings suggest that the brain of healthy humans is using the interaction of the sensory input on their gait and the sensory input on the spatial context to regulate both the emotional experience of the environment and its exploration through head motion.

Taking the Fuzhou National Forest Park as the research sample, this study uses the crawler tool to capture the comments of tourists on the network of Fuzhou National Forest Park, and uses ROST6.0 information mining software to analyze the emotional distribution and classification of word frequency. When analysed, the results showed that: (1) On the whole, tourists showed positive emotions towards Fuzhou National Forest Park, and the proportion of their neutral emotions and negative emotions was small. (2) Visitors’ favourite activities were “barbecuing”, “mountain hiking”, “leisure”, “walking”, “sightseeing”, “playing games”, “exercising”, “tourist-visit”, “entertainment” and “picnicking”. (3) Visitors’ favourite scenic spots in turn were “Banyan”, “Sakura blossoms”, “Peach Blossom”, “Bird Language Forest”, “Longtan pond”, “trees”, “Botanical Garden”, “waterfall”, “vegetation”, “reservoir”, “garden”, “museum”, “Bamboo forest” and “Plank road” (4) In the insufficiency aspect, the Fuzhou National Forest Park had the situation where there are too many people queuing up at certain times of the day. Finally, a set of public space management mechanism based on Big Data is summarized, which provides theoretical support for its management and optimization.

To improve the shortcoming of sand fixation in traditional engineering, the study prepares a kind of porous composite for sand fixation and replanting by taking waste straw as the skeleton, polyvinyl alcohol and aquasorb as the composite agent, then pressing moulding by a press machine. Firstly, the effect of PVA on the mechanical properties is studied by sheering strength. In addition, the fracture mechanism of the composite is analysed by infrared spectrum of the PVA and photos under the optical microscope. Then, it is studied the influence of the amount of aquasorb on the water absorption and retention ability of the composite through the water absorption ratio and water content. Besides, the good water retention and replanting performance of aquasorb is visualized through the macro humidity contrast. The results show that, with the increase of PVA content, its sheering strength first decreases and then increases to the peak value, which is as high as 4.79MPa. It can be seen through the analysis of fracture morphology, that the composite crosslinking of PVA and aquasorb forms a three-dimensional network structure. And the structure enhances the toughness of the composite. With the increase of the content of the aquasorb, the water absorption ratio and the water content first increase and then decrease. When the content is 33.33%, the effect reaches to the optimal level, the water absorption ratio reaches to 3.76 and the repeated water absorption ratio reaches to 2.71. What’s more, the water content is always higher than other proportions. Therefore, the composite can effectively cooperate with plants and extend the years of sand control. The study provides a new idea and basis for the combination of sand fixation and waste straw.

In 1996, biochemist Michael Behe introduced the notion of "irreducible complexity," arguing that some biomolecular structures could not have evolved because their functionality requires interacting parts, the removal of any one of which renders the entire apparatus defective. This claim excited creationists and remains a central plank of the "intelligent design" movement, despite being rightly rejected by a U.S. federal judge in 2005 in Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District . In Darwin Devolves , Behe continues his quixotic efforts to overturn modern evolutionary theory.

A US based global organisation that campaigns for tobacco control measures worldwide has won a court order authorising it to make public the documents used in the UK court battle over standardised tobacco packaging.1 The High Court in London has ruled that the documents submitted to the court by tobacco companies challenging the proposed new law, and those from the health secretary defending it, should be released to the Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids (CTFK). British American Tobacco, Philip Morris, Imperial Tobacco, JT International, and Gallaher had challenged planned UK regulations introducing standardised packaging for tobacco products. They argued that the regulations were unlawful under international, EU, and domestic laws. But the High Court ruled against them in 2015, and appeals were unsuccessful.2 A central plank of the companies’ case, for which they produced expert evidence, was that restrictions on packaging would …

To measure the thickness of transversus abdominis(TrA), internal oblique(IO), external oblique(EO) and multifidus(MF) and compare the effects on trunk stability according to the performing abdominal drawing-in manuever during plank exercises. Thirty healthy male and female adults were recruited. Subjects perform the plank exercises after measuring thickness of TrA, IO, EO and MF in resting position. When performing the General plank(GP), General plank with abdominal drawing-in maneuver(GPA), Unstable surface of plank(USP) and Unstable surface of the plank with abdominal drawing-in maneuver(USPA), we measured three times and used the value of measurements. All measurements were used in One way repeated ANOVA. The results of study, resting time and each plank exercises showed significant differences in TrA, IO, MF muscles. In the comparison between each plank exercises, the TrA, IO, MF activation increased because that muscle were thicker than other plank exercises when performing GPA and USPA. These findings suggest that a plank exercise with abdominal drawing-in maneuver is useful way in trunk stability.

Pile-plank structure is a new type of structure which is suitable for soft soil area, it has several advantages: higher strength and stiffness, better stability, lower investment, and simple to construction. It is used widely at home and abroad, but the theoretical research lagged behind the project application. This paper take an example of a new constructed road beneath the Yongtaiwen High-speed Railway in soft ground which is adopted pile-plank structure. Firstly, analyze the settlement of pile-plank structure by theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, the result of two methods basically the same. Secondly, analyze the deformation of existing railway bridge foundation by constructing the pile-plank structure. The study of this paper will provide a reference to the foundation treatment measures in soft soil area.

In 2000, the remains of a cog, Doel 1, were found in Doel, Belgium. Wood species identification of all ship timbers and smaller elements was performed. European oak was the dominant species, followed by alder that was used for the fairings. In total 150 ring-width series were recorded. The construction date was set at AD 1325/26 and the timbers proved to originate from forests along the rivers Elbe and Weser. For the bottom strakes a strict symmetrical layout was observed. The keel plank was hewn from a trunk with a slightly earlier felling date. Repairs were performed with high-quality boards, some with a southern Baltic provenance.

This project examined the feasibility, validity, and reliability of the plank isometric hold for children 8–12 years of age. 1502 children (52.5% female) performed partial curl-up and/or plank protocols to assess plank feasibility (n = 823, 52.1% girls), validity (n = 641, 54.1% girls) and reliability (n = 111, 47.8% girls). 12% (n = 52/431) of children could not perform a partial curl-up, but virtually all children (n = 1066/1084) could attain a nonzero score for the plank. Plank performance without time limit was influenced by small effects with age (β = 6.86; p < .001, η2 = 0.03), flexibility (β = 0.79; p < .001, η2 = 0.03), and medium effects with cardiovascular endurance (β = 1.07; p < .001, η2 = 0.08), and waist circumference (β = −0.92; p < .001, η2 = 0.06). Interrater (ICC = 0.62; CI = 0.50, 0.75), intrarater (ICC = 0.83; CI = 0.73, 0.90) and test-retest (ICC = 0.63; CI = 0.46, 0.75) reliability were acceptable for the plank without time limit. These data suggest the plank without time limit is a feasible, valid and reliable assessment of torso muscular endurance for children 8–12 years of age.

Fragments of Roman sewn-plank boats have been found, during rescue excavations, in the Canale Anfora, an artificial channel used by Roman ships to enter the Roman city of Aquileia. Remains were found in both 1988 and 2005 at the same site. Elements of what were probably two boats are analysed and compared to other finds of Roman sewn boats found along the coast of the Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia regions. They are evidence of the use of this technique, instead of the more widespread mortise-and-tenon system, in the quite limited area of the Northern Adriatic. These boats were used both for inland and for maritime navigation.

This article examines the industrial relations issues that have attracted most time and attention of employers and their associations during 2012, as well as the public, policy-directed rhetoric in which they have engaged. A first element is representative and institutional, in a year of substantial change in senior association personnel. Accordingly, we examine associations’ engagement in the Fair Work Act Review and Modern Awards Review. At the company level, we examine important instances of employers’ own industrial relations activism as well as their responses to labour shortages in the resources sector. We also briefly discuss recent dramatic job cuts in public sector employment. Throughout the year, through their public rhetoric, the heads of some of Australia’s largest companies have led an incessant, vociferous attack on the federal Labor government. Industrial relations have increasingly become a central plank in this attack. Some of this appears to have a policy basis but it is overwhelmed by a backward-looking desire for a more anti-union, anti-collective bargaining legislative regime. Calls for maximising managerial prerogative appear within a loud but misplaced assertion that productivity improvement requires regressive changes to industrial law.

The story found in Sifra Behar 5.3 and in the Babylonian Talmud, Baba Meṣi'a 62a, about two persons traveling in a desert and having a quantity of water that allows only one of them to reach civilization and survive, is well known and frequently referred to in books and articles dealing with Jewish ethics. The rabbinic texts raise the question: Should the travelers share the water and die together, or should the person who owns the water drink it in order to survive? This story reminds one of the case of the two shipwrecked men who grasp a plank that can bear the weight of only one person and therefore enables only one of them to reach the coast, a case referred to in philosophical texts from the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The similarities between the issues dealt with in the rabbinic texts and the Greco-Roman ones have indeed been noticed by several scholars working on rabbinic literature (whereas specialists of ancient philosophy generally ignore them). However, a systematic comparative analysis of the rabbinic tradition and the philosophical texts has not been undertaken so far, nor have previous studies paid much attention to the issues at stake within the Greco-Roman texts themselves, to their inner logic and relationships with one another.

Most languages of the world have not been the focus of a speech recognition development effort, and the choice of technical approaches best suited to a language can be substantially impacted by the cultural context surrounding it. As the technologist and the teacher of or expert in a non-mainstream language and its culture are typically not the same person, issues that are self-evident to one may come as a surprise to the other. The goal of this paper is to add one plank to the bridge between these two areas of expertise by highlighting some aspects of non-mainstream linguistic contexts that pose challenges to the usual model of speech recognition system development and by suggesting alternative ways to meet these challenges.

In order to lessen the worsened formability, failures and fractures occurring in the cold stamping process, the hot stamping technology was adopted in the forming of DP steel engine dumping plank. The simulation technology of finite element method was also used to forecast the forming defects in the stamping process of the DP steel engine dumping plank. In the paper, the forming limit, the influences of stamping gaps and the influences of different blank holder force on the stamping part were analyzed by using eta/DYNAFORM software. Meanwhile, the thickness changes and the materials flow conditions of the DP plank during the hot stamping process were also analyzed. Through the experimental analysis, the result of the finite element numerical simulation complied very well with that of actual production results. The research results show that duplex steel plate can meet the performance requirements of car engine dumping plank forming, which offers theory basis for the production of similar parts.

Thermal properties of building envelope is a fundamental key to building energy design or in evaluating the energy performance of an existing building. In-situ measurements are often constrained by the low-temperature difference between the indoor and outdoor side of a building, thus requiring a longer measurement time and a higher cost. This paper attempts to overcome these obstacles by measuring building envelope in the conditioned chamber. The materials being measured are replicas of envelope components of the Minang traditional house. The thermal resistance was obtained by using the summation method (summation technique) according to the ASTM C1155. The specimens of the Minang traditional house wall were wooden plank (specimen no. 1) and wooden plank plus woven bamboo slats (specimen no. 2) while that of the roof was bamboo frame plus sugar palm fibers (specimen no. 3). The obtained average thermal resistances of wooden plank wall and wooden plank plus woven bamboo slats wall were 0.13 m2.K/W and 0.38 m2.K/W, respectively. The addition of woven bamboo slats increased the thermal resistance of the wooden plank wall. For the bamboo frame plus sugar palm fibers roof, its average thermal resistance was 1. 32 m2.K /W. This value gives the reason why the roof materials are in terms of receiving solar heat radiation.

In this ambitious new book, Mustafa Emirbayer and Matthew Desmond contend that there has never been a truly comprehensive and systematic theory of race. They go on to argue that ‘Much of our best work no longer tells us how to understand or reconstruct racial dynamics but simply gives us concrete proof of their continuing significance’ (3). To what extent does The Racial Order theoretically advance existing theorizing of race? An important contribution – and a central plank in the book – is the way in which a wide variety of cultural and social phenomena is discussed and interwoven into the analysis. The authors draw most heavily on Bourdieu, Dewey, and Durkheim, in their elaboration of the racial order.

Exercises have become an important part of many people's daily life. However, inappropriate exercises cannot help exercisers build desired muscles, and may even get them hurt. In this paper, we proposed a 3D plank-coaching system to guide plank exercisers through fusing multimodal data and providing proper haptic feedback to them. Our proposed system can measure and fuse the user's muscle movements, posture, and several physiological parameters information, which are collected from Electromygraphy (EMG) sensors, Kinect v2 sensors, Electrocardiography (ECG) sensors, and thermometer. Based on comparison results between the user's fused data and the standard data, our system can activate the corresponding vibrotactile actuators, embedded in our developed haptic clothes, to suggest the correct adjustments. As a result, our system can improve the user' plank exercise quality and decrease his/her injury risk.