222 results on '"Pietronigro, A."'
Search Results
202. Interaction of DNA and liposomes as a model for membrane-mediated DNA damage
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PIETRONIGRO, DENNIS D., primary, JONES, W. BARRIE G., additional, KALTY, KATHY, additional, and DEMOPOULOS, HARRY B., additional
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- 1977
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203. Reductive metabolism of ascorbic acid in the central nervous system
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Pietronigro, Dennis D., primary, Hovsepian, Movses, additional, Demopoulos, Harry B., additional, and Flamm, Eugene S., additional
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- 1985
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204. Interaction of DNA and liposomes as a model for membrane-mediated DNA damage
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Harry B. Demopoulos, Dennis D. Pietronigro, W. Barrie G. Jones, and Kathy Kalty
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DNA, Bacterial ,Liposome ,Multidisciplinary ,Free Radicals ,DNA damage ,Cell ,Phospholipid ,Biological activity ,DNA ,Bacterial cell structure ,Oxygen ,Kinetics ,Membrane Lipids ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Transformation, Genetic ,Membrane ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Liposomes ,Phosphatidylcholines ,Biophysics ,medicine ,Oxidation-Reduction - Abstract
WE have described the antioxidant activity of calf thymus DNA on the oxidation of liposomal suspensions1; we now report the damaging consequences to the biological activity of bacterial transforming DNA in such a system. Because DNA is associated with eukaryotic2 and bacterial cell membranes3, the DNA–membrane interaction described here may be relevant to several pathological processes, including carcinogenesis4–7, ageing8–11 and oxygen-dependent, radiation-induced cell lethality10,11. In the presence of oxygen, the unsaturated fatty chains of membrane phospholipid undergo autoxidation12. These autocatalytic free radical reactions, due to their chain nature, both amplify and propagate an initiating event occurring within the membrane, during which time many highly reactive and potentially damaging chemical species are formed13.
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- 1977
205. In vivo metabolism of radiolabeled putrescine in gliomas
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R E Warnick, D D Pietronigro, D Q McBride, and E S Flamm
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Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) - Published
- 1988
206. Peli1 impairs microglial Aβ phagocytosis through promoting C/EBPβ degradation
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Enrica Caterina Pietronigro, Jing Xu, Xuan Luo, Jia Yuan, Gabriela Constantin, Tao Yu, Jessica Arioli, Jialin Ye, Chaoming Mao, Yifei Pei, and Yichuan Xiao
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CD36 Antigens ,0301 basic medicine ,Transcription, Genetic ,CD36 ,Alzheimer's Disease ,Biochemistry ,Spectrum Analysis Techniques ,Medical Conditions ,0302 clinical medicine ,Short Reports ,Ubiquitin ,Animal Cells ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Post-Translational Modification ,Biology (General) ,Cells, Cultured ,biology ,Microglia ,General Neuroscience ,Nuclear Proteins ,Neurodegenerative Diseases ,Animal Models ,Flow Cytometry ,Precipitation Techniques ,Ubiquitin ligase ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Experimental Organism Systems ,Cell Processes ,Spectrophotometry ,Cytophotometry ,Cellular Types ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Immunoprecipitation ,QH301-705.5 ,Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ,Phagocytosis ,Immunoblotting ,Molecular Probe Techniques ,Mice, Transgenic ,Glial Cells ,Mouse Models ,Research and Analysis Methods ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Model Organisms ,Mental Health and Psychiatry ,medicine ,Animals ,Scavenger receptor ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Microglial Cells ,Molecular Biology ,Transcription factor ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta ,Ubiquitination ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Cell Biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Proteolysis ,Animal Studies ,biology.protein ,Dementia ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. However, the molecular mechanism controlling microglial Aβ phagocytosis is poorly understood. Here we found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino 1 (Peli1) is induced in the microglia of AD-like five familial AD (5×FAD) mice, whose phagocytic efficiency for Aβ was then impaired, and therefore Peli1 depletion suppressed the Aβ deposition in the brains of 5×FAD mice. Mechanistic characterizations indicated that Peli1 directly targeted CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)β, a major transcription factor responsible for the transcription of scavenger receptor CD36. Peli1 functioned as a direct E3 ubiquitin ligase of C/EBPβ and mediated its ubiquitination-induced degradation. Consequently, loss of Peli1 increased the protein levels of C/EBPβ and the expression of CD36 and thus, promoted the phagocytic ability in microglial cells. Together, our findings established Peli1 as a critical regulator of microglial phagocytosis and highlighted the therapeutic potential by targeting Peli1 for the treatment of microglia-mediated neurological diseases., This study identifies Peli1, an E3 ubiqitin ligase enriched in microglia, as a restraining factor that curtails microglial phagocytosis of the amyloid Aβ. Correspondingly, deletion of Peli1 enhances Aβ phagocytosis and clearance in Alzheimer’s disease, implicating Peli1 as a therapeutic target with significant potential for the treatment of microglia-mediated neurological disease.
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207. Targeting leukocyte integrins has therapeutic effect in Alzheimer's-like disease.
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Constantin, Gabriela, Pietronigro, Enrica Caterina, Zenaro, Elena, Piacentino, Gennj, Della Bianca, Vittorina, Rossi, Maria Giovanna, and Laudanna, Carlo
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- 2015
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208. The seroprevalence of the hepatitis B virus in Italian medical students after 3 decades since the introduction of universal vaccination.
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SARTORELLI, PIETRO, OCCHIALINI, FEDERICO, MICELI, ROSALIA, PIETRONIGRO, ANTONELLA, BIANCIARDI, LAURA, SALINI, CHIARA, and MESSINA, GABRIELE
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Objectives: Since 1991 hepatitis B vaccination has been mandatory for all newborns in Italy. The aim of the study was to verify the long-term seroprevalence and the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination in medical students of the University of Siena.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on a population of 850 medical students of the University of Siena (322 males and 528 females, mean age: 23 years) by obtaining from the medical reports the serological analysis data for the total anti-hepatitis B antibodies (HBsAb) and information on hepatitis B vaccination (number of vaccine doses, age at the first vaccination, time since the final vaccination dose, country of origin). Raw odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were initially calculated to evaluate the association between 2 variables. The adjusted ORs were then calculated using a multivariate logistic regression model to study the association between the variables and the possible confounding factors.Results: Overall, 593 students (69.76%) were immunized against hepatitis B, while 257 (30.24%) had HBsAb antibody titer <10 mIU/ml. From the OR calculation, an inverse correlation emerged between seropositivity to hepatitis B and age, and between seropositivity to hepatitis B and the age at the first vaccination dose. There was also a correlation between seropositivity and the number of vaccination doses received. By performing the multivariate logistic analysis, correlations with these variables were confirmed.Conclusions: A significant part of the studied population was not immunized against hepatitis B virus, despite the fact that vaccination had been carried out as prescribed by law. The results of the study reaffirm the importance of health surveillance in subjects at biological risk such as medical students. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(1):75-80. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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209. Therapeutic targeting of Lyn kinase to treat chorea-acanthocytosis.
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Peikert, Kevin, Federti, Enrica, Matte, Alessandro, Constantin, Gabriela, Pietronigro, Enrica Caterina, Fabene, Paolo Francesco, Defilippi, Paola, Turco, Emilia, Del Gallo, Federico, Pucci, Pietro, Amoresano, Angela, Illiano, Anna, Cozzolino, Flora, Monti, Maria, Garello, Francesca, Terreno, Enzo, Alper, Seth Leo, Glaß, Hannes, Pelzl, Lisann, and Akgün, Katja
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BASAL ganglia , *CELL morphology , *PROTEIN-tyrosine kinases , *ERYTHROCYTES , *DASATINIB - Abstract
Chorea-Acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a devastating, little understood, and currently untreatable neurodegenerative disease caused by VPS13A mutations. Based on our recent demonstration that accumulation of activated Lyn tyrosine kinase is a key pathophysiological event in human ChAc cells, we took advantage of Vps13a−/− mice, which phenocopied human ChAc. Using proteomic approach, we found accumulation of active Lyn, γ-synuclein and phospho-tau proteins in Vps13a−/− basal ganglia secondary to impaired autophagy leading to neuroinflammation. Mice double knockout Vps13a−/− Lyn−/− showed normalization of red cell morphology and improvement of autophagy in basal ganglia. We then in vivo tested pharmacologic inhibitors of Lyn: dasatinib and nilotinib. Dasatinib failed to cross the mouse brain blood barrier (BBB), but the more specific Lyn kinase inhibitor nilotinib, crosses the BBB. Nilotinib ameliorates both Vps13a−/− hematological and neurological phenotypes, improving autophagy and preventing neuroinflammation. Our data support the proposal to repurpose nilotinib as new therapeutic option for ChAc patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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210. Direct quenching of adriamycin radicals by coenzyme Q 10 and tetrazolium salts
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Pietronigro, Dennis D., Mignano, John E., and Demopoulos, Harry B.
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- 1983
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211. TIM-1 Glycoprotein Binds the Adhesion Receptor P-Selectin and Mediates T Cell Trafficking during Inflammation and Autoimmunity.
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Angiari, Stefano, Donnarumma, Tiziano, Rossi, Barbara, Dusi, Silvia, Pietronigro, Enrica, Zenaro, Elena, Della?Bianca, Vittorina, Toffali, Lara, Piacentino, Gennj, Budui, Simona, Rennert, Paul, Xiao, Sheng, Laudanna, Carlo, Casasnovas, Jose?M., Kuchroo, Vijay?K., and Constantin, Gabriela
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GLYCOPROTEINS , *T cell receptors , *INFLAMMATION , *AUTOIMMUNITY , *CARRIER proteins , *SELECTINS , *LEUCOCYTES - Abstract
Summary: Selectins play a central role in leukocyte trafficking by mediating tethering and rolling on vascular surfaces. Here we have reported that T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) is a P-selectin ligand. We have shown that human and murine TIM-1 binds to P-selectin, and that TIM-1 mediates tethering and rolling of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17, but not Th2 and regulatory T cells on P-selectin. Th1 and Th17 cells lacking the TIM-1 mucin domain showed reduced rolling in thrombin-activated mesenteric venules and inflamed brain microcirculation. Inhibition of TIM-1 had no effect on naive T cell homing, but it reduced T cell recruitment in a skin hypersensitivity model and blocked experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Uniquely, the TIM-1 immunoglobulin variable domain was also required for P-selectin binding. Our data demonstrate that TIM-1 is a major P-selectin ligand with a specialized role in T cell trafficking during inflammatory responses and the induction of autoimmune disease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2014
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212. Single-agent lenalidomide is active in patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma who received prior stem cell transplantation.
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Vose, Julie M., Habermann, Thomas M., Czuczman, Myron S., Zinzani, Pier Luigi, Reeder, Craig B., Tuscano, Joseph M., Lossos, Izidore S., Li, Ju, Pietronigro, Dennis, and Witzig, Thomas E.
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LYMPHOMA treatment , *THALIDOMIDE , *DISEASE relapse , *STEM cell transplantation , *CLINICAL trials , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *DISEASE progression - Abstract
Patients with aggressive non- Hodgkin lymphoma ( NHL) who relapse after autologous stem cell transplantation ( ASCT) have a poor prognosis. Additional therapy is often poorly tolerated, and new treatment modalities are needed. This efficacy and safety study was a retrospective analysis of two phase II trials ( NHL-002 and NHL-003) that studied single-agent lenalidomide in patients with relapsed/refractory aggressive NHL with prior ( n = 87) compared with no prior ASCT ( n = 179). The overall response rate in the ASCT group was 39% [14% complete response ( CR)], including 29% in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 63% in mantle cell lymphoma, and 60% in transformed lymphoma. The timing of transplant relative to receiving lenalidomide had no effect on outcomes. Median progression-free survival for the ASCT group was 3·7 months (16·9 months for patients in CR; 7·3 months for partial responders) at a median 12·5-month follow-up. Median response duration was 7·9 months. Regardless of prior ASCT, lenalidomide monotherapy was efficacious in heavily pretreated patients with aggressive, relapsed/refractory NHL, with a safety profile that was consistent with prior studies of single-agent lenalidomide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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213. The differential effect of lenalidomide monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory transformed non-Hodgkin lymphoma of distinct histological origin.
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Czuczman, Myron S., Vose, Julie M., Witzig, Thomas E., Zinzani, Pier L., Buckstein, Rena, Polikoff, Jonathan, Ju Li, Pietronigro, Dennis, Ervin-Haynes, Annetti, and Reeder, Craig B.
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LYMPHOMAS , *LYMPHOCYTIC leukemia , *IMMUNOLOGICAL adjuvants , *POSITRON emission tomography , *STEM cell transplantation , *PATIENTS , *LEUKEMIA treatment - Abstract
Summary Transformed lymphoma (TL) represents a heterogeneous group of lymphomas with an aggressive course and poor prognosis. We assessed the clinical benefit of single-agent lenalidomide based on histological origin, including transformed follicular lymphoma (tFL) and transformed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (tCLL/SLL). Our analysis included 33 patients with TL. Patients received lenalidomide at a median dose of 25 mg/d. The overall response rate (ORR) was 46%, with a median response duration of 12·8 months after a median follow-up of 5·6 months. Median progression-free survival was 5·4 months. Among patients with tFL, ORR was 57%, with a median response duration of 12·8 months. None of the patients with tCLL/SLL responded to lenalidomide monotherapy. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were reversible myelosuppression. Our results suggest that the original lymphoma histology (i.e. FL) in TL patients may potentially be associated with response to salvage lenalidomide monotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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214. An international phase II trial of single-agent lenalidomide for relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
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Witzig, T. E., Vose, J. M., Zinzani, P. L., Reeder, C. B., Buckstein, R., Polikoff, J. A., Bouabdallah, R., Haioun, C., Tilly, H., Guo, P., Pietronigro, D., Ervin-Haynes, A. L., and Czuczman, M. S.
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B cell lymphoma , *LYMPHOMAS , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *DRUG efficacy , *DISEASE progression , *CANCER relapse , *NEUTROPENIA , *THROMBOCYTOPENIA , *TUMOR treatment - Abstract
Background: Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent with antitumor activity in B-cell malignancies. This phase II trial aimed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of lenalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), follicular grade 3 lymphoma (FL-III), or transformed lymphoma (TL).Methods: Patients received oral lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1–21 every 28 days as tolerated or until progression. The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR).Results: Two hundred and seventeen patients enrolled and received lenalidomide. The ORR was 35% (77/217), with 13% (29/217) complete remission (CR), 22% (48/217) partial remission, and 21% (45/217) with stable disease. The ORR for DLBCL was 28% (30/108), 42% (24/57) for MCL, 42% (8/19) for FL-III, and 45% (15/33) for TL. Median progression-free survival for all 217 patients was 3.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7–5.1]. For 77 responders, the median response duration lasted 10.6 months (95% CI 7.0–NR). Median response duration was not reached in 29 patients who achieved a CR and in responding patients with FL-III or MCL. The most common adverse event was myelosuppression with grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in 17% and 6%, respectively.Conclusion: Lenalidomide is well tolerated and produces durable responses in patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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215. Inverse agonism of cannabinoid CB1 receptor blocks the adhesion of encephalitogenic T cells in inflamed brain venules by a protein kinase A-dependent mechanism
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Rossi, Barbara, Zenaro, Elena, Angiari, Stefano, Ottoboni, Linda, Bach, Simona, Piccio, Laura, Pietronigro, Enrica C., Scarpini, Elio, Fusco, Mariella, Leon, Alberta, and Constantin, Gabriela
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CANNABINOIDS , *T cells , *PROTEIN kinases , *IMMUNE response , *IMMUNOREGULATION , *PYRAZOLES , *INTEGRINS - Abstract
Abstract: It is well known that the cannabinoid system has a significant role in the regulation of the immune responses. Cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 are expressed on T lymphocytes and mediate the immunomodulatory effects of cannabinoids on T cell functions. Here we show that the treatment of proteolipid protein (PLP)139–151-specific T cells with SR141716A, a CB1 inverse agonist and prototype of the diarylpyrazoles series, induced a strong inhibition of firm adhesion in inflamed brain venules in intravital microscopy experiments. In contrast, SR144528, a potent CB2 inverse agonist, had no significant effect on both rolling and arrest of activated T cells. In addition, two analogs of SR141716A and CB1 inverse agonists, AM251 and AM281 inhibited encephalitogenic T cell adhesion suggesting that selective CB1 inverse agonism interfere with lymphocyte trafficking in the CNS. Flow cytometry experiments showed that CB1 inverse agonists have no effect on adhesion molecule expression suggesting that CB1 blockade interferes with signal transduction pathways controlling T cell adhesion in inflamed brain venules. In addition, integrin clustering was not altered after treatment with CB1 inverse agonists suggesting that adhesion blockade is not due to the modulation of integrin valency. Notably, the inhibitory effect exerted by AM251 and AM281 on the adhesive interactions was completely reverted in the presence of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, suggesting that cAMP and PKA activation play a key role in the adhesion blockade mediated by CB1 inverse agonists. To further strengthen these results and unveil a previously unknown inhibitory role of cAMP on activated T cell adhesion in vivo in the context of CNS inflammation, we showed that intracellular increase of cAMP induced by treatment with Bt2cAMP, a permeable analog of cAMP, and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor theophylline efficiently blocked the arrest of encephalitogenic T cells in inflamed brain venules. Our data show that modulation of CB1 function has anti-inflammatory effects and suggests that inverse agonism of CB1 block signal transduction mechanisms controlling encephalitogenic T cells adhesion in inflamed brain venules by a PKA-dependent mechanism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2011
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216. Expanded safety experience with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
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Chen, Christine, Reece, Donna E., Siegel, David, Niesvizky, Ruben, Boccia, Ralph V., Stadtmauer, Edward A., Abonour, Rafat, Richardson, Paul, Matous, Jeffrey, Kumar, Shaji, Bahlis, Nizar J., Alsina, Melissa, Vescio, Robert, Coutre, Steven E., Pietronigro, Dennis, Knight, Robert D., Zeldis, Jerome B., and Rajkumar, Vincent
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MULTIPLE myeloma , *DEXAMETHASONE , *HEMATOLOGY , *THROMBOSIS , *BLOOD diseases - Abstract
Lenalidomide gained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM) in combination with dexamethasone in June 2006. In April 2005, the FDA and patient advocacy groups requested an expanded access programme to both provide lenalidomide to patients likely to benefit and obtain additional safety information. Relapsed/refractory MM patients received lenalidomide 25 mg/d (days 1–21) and dexamethasone 40 mg/d (days 1–4, 9–12, and 17–20 of cycles 1–4; days 1–4 only from cycle 5 onwards), in 4-week cycles until disease progression, study drug discontinuation, or lenalidomide approval. Of the 1438 patients enrolled, ∼60% were male, median age was 64 years, and 61·7% had Durie-Salmon stage III disease. Median time on study was 15·4 weeks (range: 0·1–49·1) and median dose was 25 mg. The most common adverse events (AEs) were haematological (49%), gastrointestinal (59%), and fatigue (55%). The most common grade ≥3 AEs were haematological (45%), fatigue (10%), and pneumonia (7%). The most common serious AEs were pneumonia (8%), pyrexia (4%), and deep-vein thrombosis (3%). Primary cause of death was disease progression (10%). Safety data confirmed known AEs of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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217. Lenalidomide oral monotherapy produces a high response rate in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma.
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Habermann, Thomas M., Lossos, Izidore S., Justice, Glen, Vose, Julie M., Wiernik, Peter H., McBride, Kyle, Wride, Kenton, Ervin-Haynes, Annette, Takeshita, Kenichi, Pietronigro, Dennis, Zeldis, Jerome B., and Tuscano, Joseph M.
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HODGKIN'S disease treatment , *LYMPHOMAS , *CLINICAL medicine research , *THALIDOMIDE , *THROMBOCYTOPENIA , *DRUG side effects - Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a poor prognosis following first relapse. We present a subgroup analysis of an open-label phase II trial investigating the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory MCL. Oral lenalidomide 25 mg was self-administered once daily on days 1–21 every 28 d for up to 52 weeks, according to tolerability or until disease progression. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints were duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS) and safety. Among 15 patients with MCL with a median disease duration of 5·1 years and a median of four prior treatments, the ORR was 53%. Three patients (20%) had a complete response and 5 (33%) had a partial response. The median duration of response was 13·7 months and median PFS was 5·6 months. Four of five patients who relapsed after transplantation and two of five patients who previously received bortezomib responded to lenalidomide. The most common grade 4 adverse event was thrombocytopenia (13%) and the most common grade 3 adverse events were neutropenia (40%), leucopenia (27%) and thrombocytopenia (20%). In conclusion, oral lenalidomide monotherapy is well tolerated and active in relapsed or refractory MCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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218. Correlation between fall risk increasing drugs (FRIDs) and fall events at a rehabilitation hospital.
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Castaldi S, Principi N, Carnevali D, Tiwana N, Pietronigro A, Mosillo M, Marrazzo M, Colombo R, Avanzi GM, and Corna S
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- Case-Control Studies, Hospitals, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Accidental Falls, Pharmaceutical Preparations
- Abstract
Background and aim Falls and fall-related injuries are a major public health issue which needs global attention due to its clinical and socioeconomic impact. Important risk factors for falls are polypharmacy and the assumption of so-called Fall Risk Increasing Drugs (FRIDs). Aims of our study were to investigate the associations between falls and the use of medications among inpatients by conducting a retrospective case-control study in a rehabilitation hospital in Northern Italy in 2018. Methods A Conditional Logistic Regression was performed to analyze the impact that 13 types of FRIDs individually and the number of administrated FRIDs had on the risk of falling. A second regression model was obtained adjusting the case-control matching for CIRS, Morse and Barthel scores. Results We identified 148 cases and 444 controls. 3 types of FRIDs were significantly correlated (p < 0,05) with an increased risk of falling: Antipsychotics, Antidepressants, Diuretics. Antidepressants were the only type of FRID significantly correlated (p=0,008) even in the model adjusted for CIRS, Morse and Barthel scores. The unadjusted model showed that the addition of one type of FRID to therapy was significantly associated with the fall event (p<0.05). Conclusion Assumption of drugs, in particular antidepressant and polypharmacy, can play a role in hospital falling. The fall risk assessment tools available, suffer from low specificity and sensitivity and do not assess these risk factors. A holistic approach with a multidimensional evaluation of the patient through screening tools, functional assessment tools and a full medical evaluation should be pursued to improve prediction.
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- 2022
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219. The online sexual offender: what we know to date.
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Del Castillo G, Gandolfi CE, Mosillo M, Forni G, Pietronigro A, Tiwana N, and Pellai A
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- Adolescent, Animals, Child, Communication, Grooming, Humans, Minors, Child Abuse, Sexual, Criminals
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Introduction: Online grooming is an active communicative entrapment network involving a wide range of techniques. The interactions that groomers have with minors online are complex. The purpose of the present literature review was to contribute to the existing knowledge base regarding online sex offender typologies, predatory tactics and techniques., Evidence Acquisition: We conducted a review of the current literature by an initial database research of papers published since 1990. Three independent reviewers selected relevant articles, initially based on title and abstract analysis, then by full text in order to make a final determination. After the final selection, a total of 21 articles were reviewed., Evidence Synthesis: Overall, abundant data describing both groomer characteristics and grooming strategies are available in the literature, with authors attempting to analyze and adapt these to ever-complex models. However, the various models often feel redundant, determining a certain difficulty in understanding which would be the most suitable model to apply, making comparing data from different studies oftentimes troublesome., Conclusions: In our opinion, it would be desirable to reach a consensus on fewer univocally-interpretable models that would be easier to adopt as preventive tools against online grooming, in combination with other strategies. The present study may provide parents and guardians with information useful for keeping their youth safer while online, as well as data that may assist in the development of policy recommendations and prevention strategies, overall aiming to reduce the phenomenon of online grooming.
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- 2021
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220. Online grooming: an analysis of the phenomenon.
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Gandolfi CE, Mosillo M, Del Castillo G, Forni G, Pietronigro A, Tiwana N, and Pellai A
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- Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Sexual Behavior, Behavior Control methods, Child Abuse, Sexual, Internet, Online Social Networking, Persuasive Communication
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Introduction: Since its diffusion in the 1990s, the Internet has developed into a fully integrated component of the lives of teenagers across the globe. As use of the Internet by underage youth has evolved and increased over the past decades, concerns about how technology may contribute to minors becoming victims of online sex crimes, including online grooming, have heightened. The present literature review contributes to the existing knowledge base regarding the epidemiology of the online grooming process, exploring key themes and issues arising in this area., Evidence Acquisition: We conducted a review of the current literature by an initial database research of papers published since 1990. Three independent reviewers selected relevant articles, initially based on title and abstract analysis, then by full text in order to make a final determination. After the final selection, a total of 37 articles were reviewed., Evidence Synthesis: The articles reviewed report highly heterogenous results with regards to epidemiological data, estimating a prevalence of the online grooming phenomenon between 9% and 19%. Factors influencing minors' risk of online grooming included increasing age, gender, sexual minority orientation, diagnosis of mental disease, conflictual relationships with parents and risk-taking behaviors (e.g. chat room and social networking site use)., Conclusions: Although the true prevalence of online grooming is not available, it is a significant issue among minors. Thus, it is important to educate youth on responsible internet use, starting at the earliest age and continuing during adolescence.
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- 2021
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221. Self-Sampling of Oropharyngeal Swabs Among Healthcare Workers for Molecular Detection of Respiratory Viruses: A Valuable Approach for Epidemiological Studies and Surveillance Programs.
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Galli C, Pellegrinelli L, Del Castillo G, Forni G, Gandolfi CE, Mosillo M, Pietronigro A, Tiwana N, Castaldi S, and Pariani E
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- Adult, Epidemiologic Studies, Health Personnel, Humans, Influenza, Human diagnosis, Virus Diseases, Viruses
- Abstract
This study aimed at assessing the validity of self-collected (self-sampled) oropharyngeal (OP) swabs among healthcare workers compared to those collected by trained sentinel general practitioners (GP-sampled) from individuals with influenza-like illness (ILI), to be implemented in epidemiological studies and/or surveillance programs of viral pathogens involved in community respiratory infections. In our study, OP swabs were collected from adults (>18 years) with ILI during the 2018-2019 influenza season. Two groups of samples were considered: group 1-131 self-sampled OP swabs collected by healthcare workers after being trained on the sampling procedure; group 2-131 GP-sampled OP swabs collected from outpatients by sentinel GPs operating within the Italian Influenza Surveillance Network. To assess swabbing quality, following RNA extraction, each sample was tested for the presence of the human ribonuclease P gene (RNP) by in-house real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Samples with a cycle threshold (Ct) <35 were considered adequate for further virological analysis. Influenza viruses (IVs), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus (RV) genomes were detected by in-house real-time RT-PCR. All samples were positive to RNP detection with Ct <35. The mean Ct value was similar in the two groups (group 1 vs. group 2: 25.93 ± 2.22 vs. 25.46 ± 2.40; p = 0.10). IVs, RSV, and RV positivity rates were 26.7 vs. 52.7% ( p < 0.01), 7.6 vs. 9.9% ( p = 0.52), and 21.4 vs. 19.9% ( p = 0.76), respectively. Self-sampled OP swabs resulted as valid as GP-sampled OP swabs for molecular detection of respiratory viruses. Self-swabbing can thus be a worthwhile strategy for sample collection to implement molecular surveillance of respiratory pathogens and carry out epidemiological studies, easily reaching a larger population size., (Copyright © 2020 Galli, Pellegrinelli, Del Castillo, Forni, Gandolfi, Mosillo, Pietronigro, Tiwana, Castaldi and Pariani.)
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- 2020
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222. Little red riding hood in the social forest. Online grooming as a public health issue: a narrative review.
- Author
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Forni G, Pietronigro A, Tiwana N, Gandolfi CE, Del Castillo G, Mosillo M, and Pellai A
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Forecasting, Humans, Public Health, Child Abuse, Sexual prevention & control, Social Media
- Abstract
Introduction: Online grooming is a manipulative process through which an adult attempts to arrange a sexual interaction with a minor using internet. Children are constantly exposed to the online world, posing online grooming as a public health issue., Objectives: The aim of this narrative review is to describe the state of online grooming preventive strategies in recent literature through an overview of online grooming phenomenon., Methods: Our literature review included research articles and reviews published between January 2014 and March 2019, as well as reference lists of included studies., Results: The analysis provides a picture of online grooming phenomenon, identify recurrent features of perpetrators and victims. Several preventive strategies have been implemented, but they lack any kind of efficacy evaluation and miss a theory driven approach. Fragmentation of preventive initiatives is a critical issue, in contrast with the need of an institutional public health strategy., Conclusions: While the attention around online grooming is growing, there is still the need of further sensitizing the involved stakeholders and developing evidence based preventive strategies under an institutional guidance.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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