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In this study we developed an immunofluorescence method to detect pea protein in meat products. Pea protein has a high nutritional value but in sensitive individuals it may be responsible for causing allergic reactions. We produced model meat products with various additions of pea protein and flour; the detection limit (LOD) of the method for pea flour was 0.5% addition, and for pea protein it was 0.001% addition. The repeatabilities and reproducibilities for samples both positive and negative for pea protein were all 100%. In a blind test with model products and commercial samples, there was no statistically significant difference (p 0.05) between the declared concentrations of pea protein and flour and the immunofluorescence method results. Sensitivity was 1.06 and specificity was 1.00. These results show that the immunofluorescence method is suitable for the detection of pea protein in meat products.

Multiple myeloma has varied manifestations which resemble common patient complaints and that is why this disease is typically not diagnosed until it reaches an advanced stage. Spinal pains can be an expression of deformative and discogenous changes, but also a symptom of multiple myeloma. Pains in the long bones may result from the pain radiating from an arthrotic joint, but also from a large myelomatic osteolytic lesion which makes the bone prone to a spontaneous fracture. Pathological weariness may have many causes, multiple myeloma being one of them. Anemia may have a large number of causes and multiple myeloma is one of them. Raised creatinine levels and renal failure can also be due to many causes and again, multiple myeloma is one of them. Weakened immunity and frequent infections can also have many causes, among them multiple myeloma. Confusion and sleepiness may be due to psychiatric diagnosis, but also may result from hypercalcemia associated with multiple myeloma. The following text which is designed for non-hematology physicians therefore describes in detail the symptoms of multiple myeloma and diagnostic steps leading to establishing the diagnosis and it only briefly outlines the treatment related information. You can also visit www.myeloma.cz for details. This text aims to summarize the symptoms of multiple myeloma for physicians not specializing in hematology in order to facilitate earlier diagnosing of the disease.

The entodiniomorphid ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti is a colonic mutualist of great apes. Its host specificity makes it a suitable model for studies of primate evolution. We explored molecular diversity of T. abrassarti with regard to large geographical distribution and taxonomic diversity of its most common host, the chimpanzee. We found a very low diversification of T. abrassarti in chimpanzees across Africa. Distribution of two types of T. abrassarti supports evolutionary separation of the Western chimpanzee, P. t. verus, from populations in Central and East Africa. Type I T. abrassarti is probably a derived form, which corresponds with the Central African origin of chimpanzees and a founder event leading to P. t. verus. Exclusivity of the respective types of T. abrassarti to Western and Central/Eastern chimpanzees corroborates the difference found between an introduced population of presumed Western chimpanzees on Rubondo Island and an autochthonous population in mainland Tanzania. The identity of T. abrassarti from Nigerian P. t. ellioti and Central African chimpanzees suggests their close evolutionary relationship. Although this contrasts with published mtDNA data, it corroborates current opinion on the exclusive position of P. t. verus within the chimpanzee phylogeny. The type of T. abrassarti occurring in Central and East African common chimpanzee was confirmed also in bonobos. This may point to the presence of an ancestral Type II found throughout the Lower Guinean rainforest dating back to the common Pan ancestor. Alternatively, the molecular uniformity of T. abrassarti may imply a historical overlap of the species' distribution ranges.

Syntaxonomy and Ecology of Black Alder Vegetation in the Southern Part of Central Slovakia The study presents phytosociological and ecological data from azonal black alder forest sites in the southern part of central Slovakia. A data set of 29 relevés was collected by authors in vegetation season 2010 following the standard Braun-Blanquet approach. Numerical classification was performed to delimit the main vegetation types, while statistical analyses were applied to explain the vegetation-environmental relationships. Three associations within two classes were distinguished using a TWINSPAN algorithm. Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae Schwickerath 1933 is an alder carr forest occurring on waterlogged soils in spring fed areas and alluvial zones along rivers. Carici acutiformis-Alnetum glutinosae Scamoni 1933 represents an alder carr forest on habitats with stagnant or slowly flowing water along water courses and artificial water reservoirs. Mesic to humid stands along small brooks are typical for the riparian alder vegetation of Stellario-Alnetum glutinosae Lohmeyer 1957. A detailed description of the floristic and ecological features of these associations is presented. The major environmental gradients affecting variation in species composition of these communities were interpreted as a response of vegetation to soil moisture and nutrient availability regarding the Ellenberg indicator values (moisture and nutrients) and measured variables (total N and C).

Oak forest vegetation in the northern part of the Štiavnické vrchy Mts (Central Slovakia)The phytosociological research of the oak forest vegetation was carried out in the northern part of the Štiavnické vrchy Mts (Central Slovakia) using the standard Zürich-Montpellier approach. The data set consisting of 41 phytosociological relevés was obtained by the authors in two vegetation seasons in 2008 and 2009. The numerical classification and the ordination methods were applied to determine the main vegetation types and to explain the structure of the vegetation-environmental data matrix, respectively. Four associations within two classes were distinguished:Luzulo albidae-Quercetum petraeaeHilitzer 1932, typical for shallow, mineral-poor and acidic soils,Melico uniflorae-Quercetum petraeaeGergely 1962 occuring on mesic stands with skeletal and deeper soils,Poo nemoralis-Quercetum dalechampiiŠomšák et Háberová 1979 developing on moderately canopyopened stands in the submontane belt,Sorbo torminalis-QuercetumSvoboda ex Blažková 1962 growing on moderately acidic substrates in drier regions. The major environmental gradients responsible for variation in forest species composition was associated with soil nutrient and soil reaction following the Ellenberg indicator values as well as the measured environmental variables (C/N-ratio and soil acidity). Special attention was given to the discussion on species composition and site ecology.

Cambisols cover an estimated 45% of agricultural soils in the Czech Republic. We aimed our work at stabile forms of organic carbon and humic substances quality in Cambisols under different types of soil management (grassland and arable soil). Object of our study were the following subtypes of Cambisols: Eutric Cambisol (locality Vatín – arable soil), Eutric Cambisol (locality Vatín – grassland), Haplic Cambisol (locality Náměšť n/Oslavou – arable soil), Leptic Cambisol (locality Ocmanice – grassland), Haplic Cambisol (locality Nové Město na Moravě – arable soil), Haplic Cambisol (locality Přemyslov – Tři Kameny – grassland), Arenic Cambisol (locality Pocoucov – arable soil), Dystric Cambisol (locality Sněžné – arable soil), Dystric Cambisol (locality Velká Skrovnice – arable soil), Dystric Cambisol (locality Vojnův Městec – arable soil). Non-destructive spectroscopic methods such as UV-VIS spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) and 13C NMR spectroscopy for humic substances (HS) quality assessment were used. Total organic carbon (TOC) content was determined by oxidimetric titration. Fractionation of HS was made by short fractionation method. Isolation of pure humic ­acids (HA) preparation was made according to the standard IHSS method.Results showed that TOC and humus content varied from 2.70 % (grassland) to 1.3 % (arable soil). Ave­ra­ge HS sum was 8.4 mg / kg in grassland and 6.4 mg / kg in arable soil. Average HA sum was 3.6 mg / kg in grassland and 3 mg / kg in arable soil. Fulvic acids (FA) content was 4.7 mg / kg in grassland and 3.7 mg / kg in arable soil. HS quality was low and very similar for all studied samples. HA/FA ratio low (< 1). HS absorbance in UV-VIS spectral range was low and similar in all studied samples. Higher absorption in this spectral range was closely connected with higher HS content. Also in 2D-synchronous fluorescence scan spectra similar shape of spectral lines was detected. Relative fluorescence intensity strongly depended on HA and FA content. Five main fluorescence peaks for HA and FA presence at λex./ λem.: 468/488, 482/502, 450/470, 376/396, 340/360 at constant difference of ∆λ=20 nm were measured. 13C NMR spectra of HA isolated from Eutric Cambisol showed low aromaticity degree and high content of aliphatic moieties. HA were young (= less aromatic compounds in HA molecule) and no differences in HA structure were detected to compare arable soil and grassland.

The paper is focused on the examination of the electric field of the bundle of conductors to investigate values of electric field intensity on the surface of the conductor. Solution was implemented for single wire bundle consisting of four wires using Fredholm integral equations and finite element method.

The purpose of this work is to study the pedestrian flow equations as the coupled system formed by the eikonal equation and the first order hyperbolic system with the source term. The hyperbolic system consists of the continuity equation and the equations of motion of a compressible inviscid fluid. To specify the outer volume forces in the latter equation it is assumed that the pedestrians try to move in a desired direction with a desired velocity, which are dependent on the density in their surroundings. The desired direction is obtained as the gradient of the solution of the eikonal equation. We show that the solution of the eikonal equation has the meaning of the time needed to pass the fastest path to the exit. We suggest avoiding solving the eikonal equation by using the graph theory, where as the graph we use the underlying triangulation. The norm of each edge in the graph is density-dependent and has the dimension of time. This is together with the use of the modified Dijkstra's algorithm the novelty of the work. Numerical results of the two approaches are presented. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The topic of this bachelor thesis is Agritourism services in microregion Hustopečsko: the form of sale and distribution of farm products. The bachelor thesis analyzes the sales and distribution of farm products in the microregion Hustopečsko. The aim of this thesis is to determine what forms of sale of farm products are offered to consumers in this microregion. The personal semi-structured interviews with sellers of farm products, were individually adapted to each respondent to determine the relevant informations. The analysis provides essential information and can be used as a market research for everyone who wants to start a business with this commodity.

The aim of this thesis is to translate selected chapters from the book La gastronomie by Jean Vitaux and to lay out an analysis of the translation and the original text. The thesis is divided into two parts - the translation of the text and the theoretical annotation including the original text analysis, description of the selected translation method and typology of the most significant translation problems and shifts.

The aim of the study was to determine the dependence of changes in the electrical stability of the heart on the light-dark cycle (LD cycle) in disorders of pulmonary ventilation. The ventricular arrhythmia threshold (VAT) was measured in female Wistar rats (adaptation to the light regime 12:12 h, ketamine/xylazine anesthesia 100 mg/15 mg/kg, i.m., open chest experiments). The conditions of the normal artificial ventilation and reoxygenation were V(T) = 1 ml/100 g, respiratory rate 40 breaths/min, hypoventilation V(T) = 0.5 ml/100 g, respiratory rate 20 breaths/min. The animals (n=11 light group; n=19 dark group) were subjected to 20 min hypoventilation followed by 20 min reoxygenation. The control prehypoventilatory VAT differences were not found between the light (1.90+/-0.84 mA) and dark (1.88+/-0.87 mA) part of the day. Artificial hypoventilation changed the VAT values in light and dark part of the day differently. While during the light period, the average VAT values in most animals (90.9 %) were significantly decreased (1.29+/-0.59 vs. 1.90+/-0.84 mA control, p

The thesis is about a project for teenagers, called "Chain tour guiding". The project has been held in Vrchotovy Janovice every year since 1994. One of the typical features of this project is a role swap, the principle of which is a group of students becoming the tour guides in the chateau after a short but very intensive training session. The thesis describes in details the method of "Chain tour guiding", its origin, historical background, development and pedagogical segments. It establishes its structure as a project, forms the goals, methods of realising the project, concomitant materials and rating. The author (of the thesis) gains the information from methods of historical pedagogical research, draws the information from specialised literature, provides the documentation analyses and carries out the interviews with the authors of the original project. The first two chapters describe the elements which include experiential pedagogy, object learning, communal learning and revival history. There is an independent chapter dedicated to the Vrchotovy Janovice chateau and the surrounding park. The last part of the thesis defines the definition of "Chain touring" as a project.

The electrochemical behavior of Ti6Al4V and Ti22Nb alloys was studied in a 0.15 M (0.9 %) physiological sodium chloride solution at room temperature (22 ± 1) °C. The experimental samples of the Ti6Al4V alloy were in different states of the thermomechanical treatment: as-received and hot rolled. The samples of Ti22Nb were studied in the as-cast, heat-treated and aged stages. The microstructural features of the Ti6Al4V alloy in three different states influenced not only the passivation but also the rate of corrosion that was (0.12, 0.07 and 0.10) mm per year for the equiaxed ( + ), acicular in the transformed grains and coarse lamellar ( + ) phases, respectively. The as-cast TiNb sample with a dendritic microstructure and very fine martensite showed the lowest corrosion rate of 0.26 mm per year unlike the specimens after the heat treatment and aging with the rate of 0.34 mm and 0.33 mm per year, respectively. Web of Science 49 2 211 207

The diploma thesis is focused on analysis of the banking portfolios quality evolution of the Czech market in observed period from 2004 to 2014. In the first part related regulatory rules and their changes are defined. The rules are listed for the categorization of the receivables due from customers, the creation of allowances, the portfolio concentration and the amount of capital. Next part of the thesis is focused on the analysis of the banking portfolios quality evolution of the whole banking sector. In this part are described factors, which influenced the banking sector in observed time period. In the last chapter the thesis examines quality of banking portfolio of three banks in related areas. For the comparison were used chosen financial ratios.

This work deals with the Romano-Celtic temples in the Roman province of Britannia in the period from first to fourth century AD. The first chapter describes temple architecture and possible reconstruction of this type of buildings, used materials and the decorative elements of the temples. Attention is also paid to various temples with atypical elements or ground plans, as well as to a separate group of simple temples without surrounding ambulatory. In the following chapters, the work focuses on temple precincts and buildings accompanying this type of temples, and also on the origin and evolution of the temple type, their distribution in the province of Britannia and finally, also to the deities that were worshipped in these Roman-Celtic shrines.

Trophozoites of Troglocorys cava were detected in all but one of the wild chimpanzee populations from Rubondo Island (Tanzania), with a prevalence ranging between 20% and 78%. However, the ciliate was absent in all captive groups. Prevalence appeared to increase with the number of sequential samples taken from a particular individual and reached 95.5% in wild individuals sampled at least 4 times.

SUMMARY Background: We aimed to study the occurrence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the population living in Roma settlements and to compare the obtained results with the prevalence in the majority population. Methods: We examined 340 people for the presence of bacterium C. trachomatis, 208 of them were Roma (66 men, 142 women) and 132 were from the majority population (75 men, 57 women). Respondents were aged 18–55 years (mean age = 33.44, STD = 9.57). The occurence of C. trachomatis was detected by direct proof of the pathogen by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Of 340 respondents included in the study, 22 (6.5%) showed positivity for C. trachomatis infection, 15 of them were Roma (7.2%) and 7 non-Roma (5.3%). The highest positivity was detected in Roma women (8.5%), while positivity in both non-Roma women and men was 5.3%, and in Roma men 4.5%. We did not confirm any significant contribution of age, gender or ethnicity to the occurrence of C. trachomatis infection. Conclusions: Despite the increased number of people with risk factors in the Roma community, no significant difference in the occurrence of C. trachomatis infection was found. Neither age nor gender contributes to the probability of C. trachomatis infection. Nevertheless, there are other health consequences which might be more pronounced among the population living in Roma settlements due to barriers to the health care and their lower ability to benefit from health care services provided.

SUMMARY Background: Roma represent one of the largest and oldest minorities in Europe. Health of many of them, particularly those living in settlements, is heavily compromised by poor dwelling, low educational level, unemployment, and poverty rooted in generational poverty, segregation and discrimination. The cross-sectional population-based study using community based approach aimed to map the prevalence of viral hepatitis B/C and metabolic syndrome in the population living in separated and segregated Roma settlements and to compare it with the occurrence of the same health indicators in the majority population, considering selected risk and protective factors of these health indicators. Methods: The sample consisted of 452 Roma (mean age = 34.7; 35.2% men) and 403 non-Roma (mean age = 33.5; 45.9% men) respondents. Data were collected in 2011 via questionnaire, anthropometric measures and analysed blood and urine samples. A methodology used in the study as well as in the following scientific papers is described in the Methods section (i.e. study design, procedures, samples, methods including questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, physical measurements, blood and urine measurements). Conclusions: There are regions of declining prosperity due to high unemployment, long-term problems with poverty and depleted resources. Populations living in these areas, i.e. in Central and Eastern Europe in Roma settlements, are at risk of poverty, social exclusion and other factors affecting health. Therefore, we should look for successful long-term strategies and tools (e.g. Roma mediators, terrain work) in order to improve the future prospects of these minorities.

Background: Several studies have revealed a high prevalence of risk factors associated with unhealthy lifestyle among individuals with lower socioeconomic status. In Slovakia, one of the most socially and health-disadvantaged groups is the Roma minority. The aim of this study is to explore differences in physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption between the population living in Roma settlements and the majority population in Slovakia. Methods: Data from the cross-sectional epidemiological HepaMeta study conducted in Slovakia in 2011 were used. The sample consisted of 452 Roma (mean age = 34.7; 35.2% men) and 403 non-Roma (mean age = 33.5; 45.9% men) respondents. The differences in health-related behaviour between the population living in Roma settlements and the majority population were analysed using logistic models separately for males and females. Results: These data show a clear difference between the population living in Roma settlements and the majority population with regard to leisure-time physical activity (only in women) and smoking, although not alcohol consumption. The prevalence of leisure-time physical activities such as walking or some other type of sport was significantly lower among Roma women than among non-Roma women. Men and women living in Roma settlements are more likely to smoke on a daily basis and they are heavier smokers in comparison with the majority population. HepaMeta study did not find differences in alcohol consumption between the Roma and non-Roma men. However, Roma women reported less frequent recent drinking and binge-drinking of 6 or more doses of alcohol on a single occasion. Conclusion: The higher prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle activities among Roma seem to contribute to these inequalities in cardiovascular diseases morbidity and mortality in comparison with the majority population.

Roma constitute the largest ethnic minority in Europe and the second largest minority in Slovakia. Their health problems originate mainly from their low socioeconomic status, certain cultural aspects and their health-threatening lifestyle as well as the psycho-social burden arising from poverty and frequent migration. Evaluation of glucose, albumin, triacylglycerol (TAG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations did not reveal any clue about the presumed deteriorated health of the Roma population. Higher proportions of subjects with elevated serum total cholesterol were found in Roma women as compared to both control groups of women (p = 0.027, p = 0.006) and in Roma men as compared to the male control group living in standard conditions. Only the low level of HDL-cholesterol gives a glimpse of their deteriorated health. Significantly lower levels of serum HDL-C were reported in Roma men and women compared to the respondents in both control groups with a p value of p < 0.001. Comparing the ratio of LDL-C/HDL-C yielded significant differences between the number of physiological values in Roma men and men from the control group 1 (p = 0.022) in favour of the control group. When comparing the number of people with physiological values of cholesterols and with worsening TAG parameters at the same time, the increased risk of Roma men compared with men from the control group 1 became evident, with a level of significance of p = 0.023. Evaluation of urine samples pointed to significantly higher concentrations of urinary protein in Roma women compared with women in the control group 1 (p = 0.012).

This diploma thesis deals with the way to teach politeness in elementary schools. Based on the theoretical literature, in the first theoretical part on the background of the Czech language there are defined basic terms such as pragmalinguistics, politeness principle, politeness strategies, face etc. Considering the didactic character of this work, both verbal and nonverbal aspects of politeness are described in the relation to the teacher-student communication. The practical part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of how the aspects of politeness are taught in Czech language lessons and included in three contemporary textbook series. Other source studied is the analysis of the relevant survey among teachers. On the basis of the survey results there are made up some activities with presumably good influence on practicing examined aspects of politeness.

This action is realized by the project NEXLIZ - CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0038, which is co-financed by the European social fund and the state budget of the Czech republic.

A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis is presented for the genus Trichuris based on sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) and ribosomal 18S genes. The taxa consisted of different described species and several host-associated isolates (undescribed taxa) of Trichuris collected from hosts from Spain. Sequence data from mitochondrial cox1 (partial gene) and nuclear 18S near-complete gene were analyzed by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods, as separate and combined datasets, to evaluate phylogenetic relationships among taxa. Phylogenetic results based on 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were robust for relationships among species; cox1 sequences delimited species and revealed phylogeographic variation, but most relationships among Trichuris species were poorly resolved by mitochondrial sequences. The phylogenetic hypotheses for both genes strongly supported monophyly of Trichuris, and distinct genetic lineages corresponding to described species or nematodes associated with certain hosts were recognized based on cox1 sequences. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on concatenated sequences of the two loci, cox1 (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)) and 18S rDNA, were congruent with the overall topology inferred from 18S and previously published results based on internal transcribed spacer sequences. Our results demonstrate that the 18S rDNA and cox1 mtDNA genes provide resolution at different levels, but together resolve relationships among geographic populations and species in the genus Trichuris.

In some regions of Slovakia, black alder forest vegetation has not been documented appropriately yet. This paper is the first vegetation study presenting the phytosociological data and measured environmental parameters from the western part of central Slovakia. The data set was classified by using a modified TWINSPAN algorithm, which allowed us to discern floristically and ecologically distinctive plant communities. They correspond to the associations Stellario nemorum-Alnetum glutinosae Lohmeyer 1957 (riparian alder vegetation on mesic to humid sites along small brooks) and Carici acutiformis-Alnetum glutinosae Scamoni 1935 (eutrophic black alder carr forests in the colline zone) with the variants of Ligustrum vulgare and Galium palustre. The community Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae Schwickerath 1933 (mesotrophic to eutrophic alder carr vegetation growing on permanently waterlogged soils), documented only with two phytosociological relevés, was distinguished following expert knowledge. A floristic and ecological pattern of these associations is presented. The major compositional gradients were interpreted based on Ellenberg’s indicator values and the values of environmental variables recorded during the field sampling in the growing season 2011. The principal component analysis revealed the importance of soil moisture, light availability, portion of open water and soil surface for species composition variability at the association level, whereas the variants of Carici acutiformis-Alnetum glutinosae were sorted along the acidity gradient.

Experts have been wondering to what extent the work of architects in monument restoration requires creativity and whether this task must be appointed to architects. There is also a conflict between monument preservation and new production, when historical environment is not seen for its potential but perceived as a problem. This is caused by the lack of cultural identity and clash of consumer society and spiritual values. Quality presentation of architectural heritage is a precondition for positive change. Key positions in this process are a methodologist – the author of the proposal for restoration or a regional monuments board officer, and an architect – the author of the project. They are translating scientific outcomes of an architectural monument research into its future presentation. Key terms in efforts to achieve a positive shift in the process of presenting architectural heritage are specialization, interdisciplinary cooperation and coordination. Specialization should be required from both architects and methodologists. However, no institutions or laws demand that. Interdisciplinary cooperation is teamwork. While it has potentials and risks, it is an essential element of this complex issue, assuring creative process with positive results. Coordination should be done by an architect, given all the professions involved – his or her education provides for technical, functional and artistic elements of architectural work. However, for optimal presentation it is not decisive whether it is an architect or any other educated person. Despite complex conditions, there are some presentations of architectural heritage where the process allowed for ideal implementation. The question is whether we will continue to hope for such cases, or instead we will contribute to maximizing them... V odborných kruhoch v oblasti architektúry rezonuje otázka, do akej miery je práca architekta pri obnove architektonickej pamiatky tvorivá, či je vôbec nutné, aby túto funkciu zastával architekt. Zároveň dochádza ku konfliktu medzi ochranou pamiatok a novou tvorbou, keď nie je historické prostredie chápané ako potenciál, ale ako problém. Dôvodom je nedostatočná kultúrna identita a kríza vzťahov medzi konzumnou spoločnosťou a duchovnými hodnotami. Kvalitná prezentácia architektonického dedičstva je predpokladom pozitívnej zmeny.

Adiponectin is a hormone of adipose tissue produced exclusively by adipocytes. According to recent studies its serum concentrations are negatively associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM). The aim of the study was to clarify the relationship between renal functions and serum adiponectin in patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy.The serum adiponectin levels were investigated in 120 patients and 40 controls. Patients in the diabetic group were divided according to albumin excretion rate into three groups - with normoalbuminuria (AER - albumin excretion rate/24 hod30 mg/24 h), with microalbuminuria (AER 30 300 mg/24 h) and with macroalbuminuria (AER300 mg/24 h).Serum adiponectin levels in diabetic group did not show any significant difference as compared with the control group. The highest concentrations of adiponectin were observed in patients with macroalbuminuria 24.22 ± 10.37 µg/ml (p0.0001) compared to those with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria, or control group, which was significant. Patients with normoalbuminuria 12.16 ± 5.3 µg/ml had the lowest concentrations of adiponectin. The univariate linear regression analysis revealed the negative correlation with BMI (r = -0.4, p0.0001) and glomerular filtration (r = -0.2, p0.05) and positive correlation with albuminuria (r = 0.5, p0.0001). Multiple linear regression confirmed that BMI and AER are independent predictive factors of adiponectin levels as well as that adiponectin and glomerular filtration are independent predictors of albuminuria.The beginning and progress of diabetic nephropathy play probably one of the most important roles in increased synthesis and excretion of adiponectin to blood circulation by diabetic patients with overt diabetic nephropathy. Key words: diabetes mellitus type 2 - adiponectin - obesity - diabetic nephropathy.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common complications following heart surgery. The aim of this work was to verify the relationship between inflammatory markers, oxidative stress and postoperative arrhythmia.45 patients with ischemic heart disease (12 women and 33 men, mean age 62.3 ± 9.4 years) underwent surgical myocardial revascularization. The extracorporeal circulation (ECC) was used in 30 patients, without ECC was 15 patients. During the first 3 postoperative days was determining the incidence and duration of the AF, laboratory markers of inflammation (CRP, leukocytes, TNFα), malondialdehyde (MDA).Demographic data and associated disease were in this patients similar. The incidence of AF we documented in 30 patients (66.7%). In patients with postoperative AF were significantly higher levels of inflammatory markers (leukocytes 13.6 ± 3.6 vs 11.3 ± 3.6; 14.7 ± 3.9 vs 12.5 ± 2.9; 13.7 ± 4.1 vs 11.4 ± 13.7; p 0.05; CRP 138.1 ± 41.1 vs 69.9 ± 25.8; p 0.001; TNFα 11.3 ± 14.3 vs 8.7 ± 3.6; 12.1 ± 14.5 vs 8.7 ± 3.1; p 0.05) compared with patients who were free from AF. Values of MDA were not significantly different.Patients with post-operative atrial fibrillation were higher levels of inflammatory markers compared with patients with sinus rhythm but no significant differences in the levels of oxidative stress.

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography compared to gray-scale B-mode and power Doppler in distinction between benign and malignant lymphadenopathy. Methods In a prospective study ultrasonography was performed in 133 patients with superficial lymphadenopathy (73 men, 60 women; mean age of 51 years, range: 18–86 years), who were examined for palpable mass in the neck, axilla or groin (104/133) and for clinical suspicion of lymphoma on the basis of positive PET/CT (29/133). 133 nodes were examined, subsequently preoperatively localized under ultrasound guidance and surgically removed; longitudinal to transverse ratio, location of nodal vessels by power Doppler and pattern of enhancement by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with 1.5 ml intravenous bolus of sulphur hexafluoride contrast agent were documented. The ultrasound findings were compared with the histology. Results Of all the nodes extirpated, 33 were benign, 100 were malignant (40 metastases, 60 lymphomas). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of conventional techniques were 72%, 63.6%, 85.7%, 42.9%, 67.8% for longitudinal to transverse ratio; 73%, 60.6%, 84.9%, 42.6%, 68.3% for power Doppler versus 98.0%, 54.5%, 86.7%, 90.0%, 76.3% for contrast-enhanced ultrasonography according to Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. Conclusions Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis confirmed higher degree of diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in comparison with conventional techniques. Evaluation of nodal perfusion after intravenous administration of microbubble contrast agent can be helpful in differentiation of benign from malignant nodes.

One of the major factors threatening chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Guinea-Bissau is habitat fragmentation. Such fragmentation may cause changes in symbiont dynamics resulting in increased susceptibility to infection, changes in host specificity and virulence. We monitored gastrointestinal symbiotic fauna of three chimpanzee subpopulations living within Cantanhez National Park (CNP) in Guinea Bissau in the areas with different levels of anthropogenic fragmentation. Using standard coproscopical methods (merthiolate-iodine formalin concentration and Sheather's flotation) we examined 102 fecal samples and identified at least 13 different symbiotic genera (Troglodytella abrassarti, Troglocorys cava, Blastocystis spp., Entamoeba spp., Iodamoeba butschlii, Giardia intestinalis, Chilomastix mesnili, Bertiella sp., Probstmayria gombensis, unidentified strongylids, Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni, and Trichuris sp.). The symbiotic fauna of the CNP chimpanzees is comparable to that reported for other wild chimpanzee populations, although CNP chimpanzees have a higher prevalence of Trichuris sp. Symbiont richness was higher in chimpanzee subpopulations living in fragmented forests compared to the community inhabiting continuous forest area. We reported significantly higher prevalence of G. intestinalis in chimpanzees from fragmented areas, which could be attributed to increased contact with humans and livestock.

This work deals with the Roman civilian settlements which began to emerge in the province of Britannia following its establishment in mid-first century. In the introduction the work describes the characteristic features of these settlements and their functions. The first chapter gives an overview of the different types of towns and their administrative establishment. In following chapters, the work deals with the town defences, private and public buildings and amenities, including religious buildings which were part of the towns. The work describes their type, design and development in general and also examples of these structures in most important locations.

The thesis analyzes the types and forms of tourism in the area Třeboňsko. The main objective was to define the situation in the field of tourism Třeboňsko and propose a package and product innovations that lead to improvement in this area.

The bachelor thesis focuses on burnout syndrome among the Senior House Vojkov staff. The burnout syndrome is a biopsychosocial phenomenon influencing both the individuals and their relationships. The theoretical part is based on an extensive research of specialized bibliography. First it describes the origin and development of burnout syndrome; the second chapter focuses on the prevention of the syndrome on the individual and organizational level. The last, third chapter specifies the demands of the nursing profession in senior houses. The basic aim of the practical part is a screening of burnout syndrome in the staff of Senior House Vojkov. The second aim is to establish the possible prevention methods of burnout syndrome in the staff and suggesting possibilities of their further development. The practical part applies the combination of both the quantitative and qualitative research methods. The key methods are the Inventory of burnout syndrome and structured interviews based on open questions. The basic mathematical values are the arithmetic mean, mode and median. The interviews focus on the burnout syndrome in Senior House Vojkov from the point of view of the staff as well as the management. The process of the questionnaires? evaluation found out interesting results: The highest risk of the development of burnout syndrome imperils the staff of the technical and economic assistance section ? i. e. the individuals who are not in the immediate and direct contact with the clients. The results of the bachelor thesis will hopefully serve the management of the Senior House Vojkov as a feedback and help the management to develop effective methods of burnout syndrome prevention among the staff.

OBJECTIVES: Aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of C825T GNB3 gene polymorphism in patients with adrenal incidentaloma (AI) as well as its relation to the metabolic syndrome (MS) and cortisol status. SUBJECT AND METHODS: Alltogether 82 subjects (50 patients with AI, mean age 57.9 + 15 years and 32 subjects without AI, mean age 53.8 + 6.9 years) were included in this study. Parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, serum adiponectin and the single nucleotide polymorphism C825T in GNB3 gene using PCR-RFLP method were examined. To detect subclinical Cushing syndrome an overnight dexamethason test was performed in all patients with AI. RESULTS: Patients with AI had signifcantly higher BMI, HOMA, triacylglycerols (p < 0.05) and significantly lower serum adiponectine (p < 0.05) than controls. There were no significant differences in metabolic parameters between group with and without subclinical Cushing syndrome (SCS). The prevalence of T allele of GNB3 gene in patients with AI was not significantly higher as compared with control group (32% vs. 47%). No significant differences in serum glucose and lipids between carriers of T and C alleles were detected. However carriers of T allele had significantly lower serum adiponectin than those with allele C (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: We conclude that patients with AI had significantly higher cardiovascular risk factors that is not related to the presence of SCS. Moreover patients with AI and TC or TT genotype have significantly lower serum adiponectin which may be an early symptom of metabolic syndrome in patients with AI.

The thesis, entitled "What I like to watch?" is aimed at inquiry of preschool age children's visual preferences. Whole work purpose is to realize a didactical project in the kindergarden and find out preschool children's visual preferences through art activites and artefiletics. Parents' information are also very important contribution because it contains important facts about preschool children's visual preferences.

Poly(1,4-diethynylbenzene) ( -conjugated polymer) was prepared as an insoluble polymer network via chain coordination polymerization of 1,4-diethynylbezene catalyzed with [Rh(NBD)acac] complex. Thermodynamic properties and acid-base characteristics of the prepared poly(1,4-diethynylbenzene) were studied by means of Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC) in the temperature range 80-100 řC. Retention data of selected testing substances were used to determine the Gibbs energy of sorption, the sorption enthalpy and their acid-base and disperse parts as well as the disperse contribution to the surface energy and parameters of KA, KD, ANHPS and DNHPS quantifying the acid-base character of the studied polymer. The results showed that poly(1,4-diethynylbenzene) interacted more efficiently with Lewis bases than with Lewis acids. The values of experimental sorption enthalpy were used for the determination of the parameters KA and KD. Values of these parameters classify poly(1,4-diethynylbenzene) as the material with a slightly acid character. This conclusion is further supported by the results of H. P. Schreiber method based on the application of ANHPS and DNHPS parameters for the evaluation of the acid-base properties of the material. The infrared spectroscopy proved that poly(1,4-diethynylbenzene) contained...