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DSCR - Comité des Études, Paris, FRANCE, 21-/05/2015 - 21/05/2015; Présentation finale du projet VEDA (investigations sur les Vitesses dans les Études Détaillées d'Accidents) au Comité des Études de la DSCR, Paris - 21 mai 2015. La première partie de ce travail de recherche a consisté à réaliser une analyse descriptive et circonstanciée des différentes notions de vitesses dans l'accidenthèque Études Détaillées d'Accidents (EDA). Cette étude a abordé principalement le rapport entre les vitesses pratiquées en situation d'accident par les usagers impliqués dans un accident EDA, les vitesses couramment pratiquées par les véhicules circulant sur le lieu d'accident et les limitations de vitesse. La deuxième partie a concerné l'amélioration de la qualité du recueil des données "Vitesses" dans les EDA. Nous avons évalué les différents systèmes de mesure de vitesse du trafic et testé la solution la mieux adaptée à nos besoins (autonomie, discrétion, etc.). D'autre part, certains pays obligent les constructeurs d'automobiles à donner l'accès aux enregistrements contenues dans les calculateurs de déclenchement d'airbag (vitesses, accélérations, etc.). Pour se faire, des appareils de lecture apparaissent sur le marché international. L'objectif de ce volet était d'identifier ces différents types d'appareils et de tester celui qui paraissait le plus efficace.

La première partie de ce travail de recherche consiste à réaliser une analyse descriptive des différentes notions de vitesses dans les Études Détaillées d'Accidents [EDA]. L'objectif de cette partie est d'étudier de manière détaillée les vitesses d'approche, en fonction du contexte pré-accident [environnement, type de véhicule, trafic, ...] et du déroulement de l'accident [type de conflit, manoeuvres, ...]. Cette étude aborde principalement le rapport entre les vitesses pratiquées en situation d'accident [rupture] par les usagers impliqués dans un accident EDA et les vitesses couramment pratiquées par les véhicules circulant sur le lieu d'accident. L'étude de la vitesse d'impact, ou vitesse au choc, notamment sa relation avec la vitesse en situation d'accident, complète ce premier objectif. La question de la relation de ces caractéristiques de vitesse avec la gravité de l'accident est également abordée. Ces travaux de recherche portent sur un échantillon de 400 cas d'accidents s'étant produits entre 2004 et 2013, issus de l'accidenthèque EDA. La deuxième partie de ce travail concerne l'amélioration de la qualité du recueil des données Vitesses dans les EDA. C'est une étude exploratoire visant à évaluer l'apport de nouveaux matériels pour les EDA.

Califano Benoît, Perrin Christophe, Stitou Emmanuelle, Teulières Laure. Roms. Du génocide oublié à la mémoire retrouvée. In: Diasporas. Histoire et sociétés, n°6, 2005. Migrations en mémoire. pp. 161-165.

The DaCoTa project Deliverable D5.5 is devoted to the evaluation of the capacity of safety functions to compensate for drivers' needs as they can be diagnosed through in-depth accident analysis. Two main criteria are used in this purpose: 1) the ability of each function to meet the needs of the drivers (e.g. if the driver shows a need in detection or diagnosis, is the system considered devoted to giving the information or diagnosis needed?); 2) their capacity to cope with the parameters of the situations in which these needs were found (e.g. time/space constraints, trigger threshold of the system, physiological state of the driver, behavioural considerations, etc.). The study is conducted on a sample of 445 road traffic in-depth accident studies involving passenger cars, two-wheelers and pedestrians. It is applied to the e-safety functions addressed in detail within the technical DaCoTa Deliverable D5.2 ("Catalogue of the current safety systems") plus some e-safety functions dedicated to powered-two wheelers (PTW) and also infrastructure-based functions. The results present in detail for each accident configuration (car versus car, car versus PTW, car versus pedestrian, single vehicle accidents), and for each phase of the accident (approaching phase, rupture phase, emergency phase), the potential capacity of the safety functions to meet driver's needs. They also give a precise indication on all the parameters that could act as a potential limitation to the effectiveness of the systems. It is impossible to sum up all these results in a general figure. Everything must at least be analyzed relatively to 1) The accident configuration and 2) The moment of the accident process concerned. On the one hand, the context of the accident production and the failures of the drivers involved are different depending on the whether the accident scenario concerns passenger cars, PTWs, pedestrian or involve single vehicle accidents. Reflecting this difference, the drivers' needs to fulfill by the systems and the situational constraints to cope with are different depending on the configuration considered. On the other hand, depending on that fact that the aid system is able to intervene at the approach / rupture / emergency phase, the required functionalities are necessarily different. That is why it is necessary, not only to evaluate the capacities and weakness of the system as a whole, but as a function of their moment of intervention. The interest of the detailed results presented in the report are first to allow estimating the more or less appropriateness of the current and on study safety systems, but also their weaknesses when considering real accident situation constraints. They also give some clues on the needs which are still not covered by the present devices. As such, these results can be considered as a contribution to the prospective ergonomics of safety systems, allowing their improvement for a better answer to the needs shown by drivers in accident situations and to the contextual constraints found in these situations.

ESAR 2014 - 6th International Conference: Expert Symposium on Accident Research, HANNOVRE, ALLEMAGNE, 20-/06/2014 - 21/06/2014; This work aimed for getting the main features of accidents involving Light Goods Vehicles (LGV), using accident cases collected in the In-Depth Accidents Studies built up at IFSTTAR-LMA (France), in order to analyse thoroughly the proceedings of these accidents and identify the major factors for the different types of LGV. This work was based on the analysis of 88 accident cases involving LGV with a Maximum Authorised Mass inferior to 3.5 tonnes. In particular kinematics reconstruction of these accidents were performed to calculate the average impact speeds and to better understand the compatibility problems between LGV and antagonist vehicles. Specific features have been reviewed to pick up problems concerning safety, maintenance, loading, LGV design: general conditions of the accident, vehicle features, and passive safety. The main results of this study are presented in this paper.

Index nominum de la Gesamtausgabe de Martin Heidegger : Temps Modernes II (De Kant à Kierkegaard, 1750 - 1850)

Presentation of the Ifsttar in-Depth Accident Study. Data from traffic accidents are routinely gathered by police for use in drawing up national road safety statistics. The objective of the Ifsttar in-Depth Accident Study is not to determine responsibility, but rather to answer the question: How did the accident happen? The goal, over time, is to learn useful lessons in order to set up preventive actions and to avoid similar accidents. The specialists in charge of the IDAS study accidents as research subjects: using the data gathered, they reconstruct the history of the accident, establish a precise description of the circumstances that triggered it and formulate a detailed chain of causes and effects that occur as it happens. Users, vehicles, infrastructures: everything is taken into account in the investigation. These very fine analyses, which entail going to the heart of the question, are used to identify the factors which, if controlled, can lead to the development and implementation of preventive actions. More than a coded database, Ifsttar in-Depth Accident Study is akin to "an accident cases library"., Présentation des Études Détaillées d'Accident (EDA) de l'Ifsttar. Les accidents de la circulation donnent lieu à un recueil de routine de la part des services de police et de gendarmerie, dont les données servent à établir les statistiques nationales de sécurité routière. L’objectif des Études Détaillées d’Accidents, quant à lui, n’est nullement de chercher à savoir qui est responsable mais bien de répondre à la question : Comment l’accident a-t-il pu arriver ? Avec pour objectif, à terme, de tirer des leçons pour créer des actions de prévention et éviter des accidents similaires. Les spécialistes chargés des EDA étudient l'accident comme un objet de recherche : à partir du recueil de données qu'ils réalisent, ils reconstruisent l’histoire de l'accident, décrivent avec précision les circonstances de son déclenchement, formulent en détail les enchaînements de causes et d'effets de son déroulement. Usagers, véhicules, infrastructures : tout est pris en compte dans l'investigation. Ces analyses très fines, qui nécessitent d’aller au fond des choses, permettent d’identifier les facteurs dont le contrôle permettra la création et la mise en place d’actions préventives. Bien plus qu'une base de données codées, les EDA de l'Ifsttar s'apparentent plus à une bibliothèque d'accidents: une "accidenthèque".

Au vu de la profusion comme de la dispersion des recherches heideggériennes en France et à l’étranger, le Bulletin heideggérien (Bhdg) entend s’imposer comme un complément nécessaire aux différents organes d’informations consacrés à la pensée et à l’oeuvre de Martin Heidegger.

Index nominum de la Gesamtausgabe de Martin Heidegger : Moyen Âge et Temps Modernes I (d'Augustin à Hume)

The use of the bicycle on a large scale encouraged in the context to develop an eco friendly environment is facing today on a range of barriers. One of these barriers identified by researchers and governments is observed to include ‘road safety’. Hence, it is necessary to set up a protection system for bicyclists especially for the cephalic segment. Currently only few studies are available concerning the head impact loading in case of real accidents. Therefore, the objective of this work is to identify the initial condition of head impact in case of real accident. Head impact velocity and head impact area are extracted and implemented in the last generation of head injury prediction tool to simulate the head trauma by impacting directly the Strasbourg University Finite Element Head Model (SUFEHM) on the vehicle structures. The present study can be divided into three activities i.e. obtain real bicyclist accidents data issued from in depth accident investigation databases, cyclist body kinematic reconstruction to obtain the initial conditions of the head just before the impact and head impact simulation to evaluate the head loading during impact and the injury risk. A total of 26 bicyclists’ accident cases with head injuries have been collected from both a French and a German accident database. For each accident case, body kinematic has been simulated using Madymo® software. Two methodologies and human multibody models were used: 10 accident cases have been reconstructed by IFSTTAR using its owned developed human model and 16 accident cases have been reconstructed by Unistra using the human pedestrian TNO model. The results show that the head is impacted more often on top parietal zone, and the mean impact velocity is 6.8 ± 2.7 m/s with 5.5 ± 3.0 m/s and 3.4 ± 2.1 m/s for normal and tangential components respectively. Among these real accidents, 19 cases have been selected to be simulated by finite element computations by coupling the human head model and a windscreen model whose properties were extracted from literature. All reconstructed head impact gave results in accordance with the damage actually incurred to the victims. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of numerical reconstruction as an understanding tool of the head impact conditions in bicyclist's accident cases, and hence providing knowledge for helmet optimization using biomechanical criteria.

In road accident research, judgements of overall resemblance between accident cases are sometimes used in order to group similar instances and to describe corresponding accident scenarios. This note deals with the degree of agreement among experts regarding such judgements of resemblance and case aggregations. We asked participants working as researchers or engineers in the field of road accident research to give their judgements on the resemblance of accident cases to one reference case, and then to say which cases they felt corresponded to a same accident scenario as this case. The results showed a strong agreement among these experts concerning the ranking of the cases by decreasing order of resemblance. A good agreement was obtained for cases considered by the experts as corresponding to a same accident scenario as the reference case, despite some disagreement for a few cases. These results are all statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Overall, these findings suggest that accident research using judgements of overall resemblance between accident instances can lead to results that are robust in terms of concordance among experts. Considering the limited size of the sample used, however, further research of the same type would be useful to confirm this conclusion. family resemblance, categorization, expert knowledge, accident, road safety.

Index nominum de la Gesamtausgabe de Martin Heidegger : Antiquité II (De Socrate à Plotin)

International audience; OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic significance of the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: NGAL and MMP-9 expression were quantified by immunohistochemistry in clear renal cell carcinoma tissues and in sera by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa). Results were associated with clinicopathologic data. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients operated for CCRCC in Rennes between 2003 and 2009 were included. High concentrations of NGAL-MMP-9 complex in serum were associated with short progression free survival (PFS) (33.3 months versus 47.3 months, P=0.016) and poor overall survival (42.5 months versus 51.9 months, P

International audience; We report the case of a patient carrying a right breast carcinoma whose imaging exams showed lung and bone metastasic release, and incidentally synchronous right renal tumor. Histologic examination of the renal tumor found a mammary carcinoma metastasis into a clear renal cell carcinoma. This is the second case report of breast cancer with metastasis in a resected renal clear cell carcinoma.

Simulators provide a fairly realistic reproduction of driving environments so that the behavior of drivers immersed in such systems is representative of what can be expected on the road. However, situations and scenarios which are introduced in these simulators are sometimes too approximately defined and not very realistic.We have thus developed a methodology to simulate accident scenarios. The scenario concept used concerns a group of accidents presenting similarities from the point of view of the chain of events leading to the collision. The sequential analysis method used to group accidents in the form of scenarios is based on a segmentation of their progression. A set of scenarios have been spatio-temporally implemented into the IFSTTAR simulator using data from real accidents collected in the French in-depth accidents investigations program EDA from the research unit.

Index nominum de la Gesamtausgabe de Martin Heidegger : Antiquité I (Les Présocratiques)

Réservant à la pensée de Descartes un traitement plus réservé que l’étude qu’il peut mener de ses autres grands devanciers, Heidegger, à en croire certains commentateurs, dissimulerait mal envers le penseur français son inimitié, celle-ci le prémunissant sans doute du danger de ne pouvoir se relever d’un « cartésianisme inné », dont il fait le reproche aux philosophes. C’est pourtant contre ce préjugé qu’il s’agit ici de lutter en désamorçant, à travers l’éclaircissement de la notion d’Auseinandersetzung, cet apparent paradoxe : entrant toujours en confrontation avec ses ‘’prédécesseurs’’, jamais pourtant Heidegger n’entre en conflit avec eux.

Ce rapport fait état des travaux réalisés dans les différentes tâches qui composaient cette étude : Les défaillances d'interaction dans les accidents impliquant un Deux-roues motorisé. La dynamique des accidents : comportement du couple conducteur-deux-roues motorisé en situation d'urgence. Analyse comparative de procédures d'accidents mortels et non mortels. Etudes détaillées d'accident et prospectives. Observation des situations de trafic. Etude sociologique des représentations