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Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure 2. HBA-MR images of a 63-year-old man in low-risk population with an HCC being classified to LR-M (definite malignancy). HCC is with Edmondson II grade and its size was 6×5×4cm. Liver fibrosis degree was F2. AFP was 3.98ng/ml.T1-weighted (a) and T2-weighted (b) phase shows a nodule with haemorrhage sign in hepatic segment VI/VII. A rim hyperenhancement and delayed central enhancement with tumor necrosis show in (d) the portal venous phase, venousphase (e) and transitional phase (g). Lesion shows hypointense in hepatobiliary phase (h). T2-weighted fat suppressed unenhanced MR image (i) and DWI (c) also showed a hyperintense lesion. The white asterisk showed the hyperintense area in plain scan where it thought to be intra-tumorous hemorrhage. The white arrow showed the necrotic area where it was unenhanced and hypointense during each phase.

Additional file 3: SupplementaryTable 1. Patients and nodules characteristics of institution 1 and 2. Supplementary Table 2. The number of each liver lesion according to pathological classification. Supplementary Table 3. Performance ofancillary features for HCC diagnosis. SupplementTable 4. Univariate analysis of baseline characteristics with P

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848221102307 for The hospitalization burden of inflammatory bowel disease in China: a nationwide study from 2013 to 2018 by Yi-Ming He, Ren Mao, Gang Yuan, Rui-Ming Liang, Jian-Yan Long, Xiao-Qi Ye, Marietta Iacucci, Subrata Ghosh, Shomron Ben-Horin, Gilaad G. Kaplan, Yao He, Joseph J.Y. Sung, Sui Peng, Hai-Bo Wang and Min-Hu Chen in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Additional file 1.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848211067874 for A systematic review of the quality of reporting and risk of bias for randomized crossover trials in digestive disease journals by Qian Zhou, Zhi-hang Chen, Jin-xin Zhang and Sui Peng in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common movement disorder for which diagnosis mainly depends on the medical history and clinical symptoms. Exosomes are now considered an additional mechanism for intercellular communication, allowing cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and genetic material. Long noncoding (lnc) RNA in exosomes plays a critical role in many diseases, including neurodegenerative disease. Aim To study expression differences for lncRNAs in peripheral blood exosomes of PD patients compared with healthy individuals and to look for lncRNAs that might be related to the pathogenesis of PD. Materials and Methods We recruited PD patients along with age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals as healthy controls and evaluated levels of lncRNAs extracted from exosomes in plasma samples via next‐generation sequencing and real‐time quantitative PCR. Correlation analysis was conducted for the clinical characteristics of PD patients and the expression of selected lncRNAs. Results We found 15 upregulated and 24 downregulated exosomal lncRNAs in the PD group. According to bioinformatics analyses, we chose lnc‐MKRN2‐42:1 for further study. Interestingly, lnc‐MKRN2‐42:1 was positively correlated with the MDS‐UPDRS III score for PD patients. Conclusion Our study suggested that lnc‐MKRN2‐42:1 may be involved in the occurrence and development of PD.

Maize, a staple crop in the North China Plain, contributed substantially to agricultural nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions in this region. Many studies have focused on various agricultural management measures to reduce N 2 O emissions. However, few studies have investigated soil N 2 O emissions in intercropping systems. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether maize–soybean intercropping treatments could reduce N 2 O emission rates compared with monoculture treatment. This issue was investigated in two differently configured maize–soybean intercropping treatments: 2:2 intercropping (2M2S) and 2:1 intercrop (2MS) including monocultured maize (M) and soybean (S) using a static chamber method. The results showed that there was no distinct yield advantage for intercropping systems. Total N 2 O production from the various treatments was 0.15 ± 0.04–113.85 ± 12.75 μg m −2 min −1 . Cumulative N 2 O emission from the M treatment was 16.9 ± 2.3 kg ha −1 across the entire growing season (three and a half months), which was significantly higher than that of the 2M2S and 2MS treatments by 36.6% and 32.2%, respectively ( P −1 ) induced a considerable soil N 2 O flux. Short-term N 2 O emissions (within 1 week after the two N applications) accounted for 74.4–83.3% of total emissions. Soil moisture, temperature, and inorganic N were significantly correlated with soil N 2 O emissions ( R 2 = 0.246–0.365, n = 192, P 3 − and moisture could be decreased in intercropping treatments during the growing season. These results indicate that maize-soybean intercropping can reduce soil N 2 O emissions relative to monocultured maize.

With the increasing pressure on phosphorus (P) resources and global water eutrophication, the development of sustainable land management is pushed forward by detailed knowledge on the nature and fate of phosphorus (P) in agricultural soils under various long-term fertilizer regimes. Using bulk- (solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance; P K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge, XANES) and micro- (X-ray fluorescence and XANES) spectroscopic techniques, we investigated the molecular speciation of P in an alkaline soil from plots under wheat-maize rotation with or without chemical P fertilizers for 26 years, since 1990. The long-term experimental results show that P buildup and drawdown were mainly in the inorganic forms in response to P addition and depletion. The added P increased P accumulation in the forms of brushite and deoxyribonucleic acid that preferentially depleted without P addition, indicating that these species were phytoavailable. Although P forms as hydroxyapatite and orthophosphate monoesters were increased under P fertilization, no significant depletions of these P forms were observed when P fertilization was withheld. In contrast, iron-associated P increased with and without P fertilization. These results from this long-term experimental site facilitate understanding of dynamics and availability of fertilizer P and the existing legacy P in soils, with important implications for sustainable P management in these soils and similar soils in other regions.

Soil aggregates provide microhabitats for microorganisms. However, the bacterial communities within various aggregate size fractions under organic amendments have rarely been evaluated especially in sandy soils. A field experiment involving addition of biogas residue (BR), pig manure (PM), biochar (BC), and straw (ST) of a sandy soil was performed to determine the structure of the bacterial community in aggregate size fractions by using high‐throughput sequencing. We found that organic amendments change soil aggregate fractions and nutrient content, alter bacterial diversity and composition, and contribute to the predicted bacterial functions. The BR increased bacterial α‐diversity in 0.25‐mm aggregates. The BC treatment decreased the bacterial α‐diversity in the 0.053‐mm aggregates. Collectively, the effects of organic amendments on the bacterial community varied greatly depending on type of amendments and aggregate size. The BR supported highly diverse bacterial taxa in the

This paper studies financial contagion in a core-periphery interbank network where core banks are large in balance sheet size while periphery banks are smaller and link only with the core banks. Co...

Managing the complex demands on available energy, food and water is a fundamental challenge for a world with increasingly tenuous resource pools. The North China Plain’s groundwater crisis has become increasingly serious due to decades-long over-exploitation for irrigation to pursue high grain yield. This combined challenge motivated investigation of ways to mitigate the groundwater table decline while fostering the use of renewable bioenergy resources. To provide insights about tradeoffs among water, food and energy, we performed a six-year experiment from 2010 to 2015 in the North China Plain where groundwater use, biomass and biofuel production and water use efficiency were compared for four cropping systems. They are winter wheat-summer maize (WM, grains, 1-year cycle), ryegrass–sweet sorghum (RS, forage plus bioenergy crops, 1-year cycle), winter wheat–summer maize→ ryegrass–sweet sorghum (WMRS, forage, bioenergy plus grain crops, 2-year cycle), and perennial switchgrass (SG, bioenergy crop). Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and recharge to groundwater were calculated and validated using observed soil moisture contents. Results showed ETa of the cropping systems were statistically similar ranging from 694 to 730 mm yr−1 with the exception of switchgrass which was significantly less at 504 mm yr-1. The water table was projected to decline by about 1.3 m yr-1 for all three multi-crop rotations and 0.4 m yr-1 for switchgrass. In terms of bioethanol production per unit land and per unit ETa, the ryegrass-sweet sorghum (RS) rotation performed best with 25.0 m3 ha-1 and 5.7 L m-3 outperforming the yearly winter wheat–summer maize (WM) rotation (11.7 m3 ha-1 and 3.3 L m-3) and switchgrass (11.4 m3 ha-1 and 2.6 L m-3). The multiple year rotation of winter wheat–summer maize→ ryegrass–sweet sorghum (WMRS) yielded 16.9 m3 bioethanol per hectare and 4.3 L m-3 bioethanol per m3 ETa. When optimizing bioethanol against net groundwater depletion, RS and switchgrass outperformed the two grain-based rotations with 15.5 L and 14.4 L of bioethanol per m3 of depleted groundwater, ahead of WMRS at 10.9 L m-3 and WM at 9.1 L m-3. These results are significant for setting governmental policies on sustainable use of groundwater by various crop mixes.

High carbon emission is one of the dominant challenges for sustainable agricultural development in the North China Plain. Maize-based (Zea mays) sustainable cropping systems have recently been developed as water-saving and low carbon cropping systems compared to traditional maize-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping. To examine carbon emission of different cropping systems, five maize-based cropping systems were investigated from 2015 to 2017 in this study, which included intercropping of maize and soybean (Glycine max) (MS), relay intercropping of maize with pea (Pisum sativum) (MP) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) (MO), and rotation of maize with ryegrass (Secale cereale) (MR) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) (MI), with monocropped maize (MM) as the control. Carbon emission of each cropping system per unit area, per kg biomass, and per unit economic output was calculated based on the experimental results, which considered direct emissions of soil greenhouse gas and indirect emissions of agricultural inputs. Results revealed the carbon emission unit area of monocropped maize was 19380.67 kg CO2-eq/ha, and maize-based cropping systems increased by 11%–34% compared to MM, except MS which decreased by 38%. While, the carbon emission per kg biomass and per economic output of the five maize-based cropping systems were decreased by 7%–24% and 18%–61% compared to those of MM (1.04 kg CO2-eq/kg and 8.04 kg CO2/$). The cropping systems showed the order of MS

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are a key technology to accommodate the uncertainties of RESs and load demand. However, BESSs at an improper location and size may result in no-reasonable investment costs and even unsafe system operation. To realize the economic and reliable operation of BESSs in the distribution network (DN), this paper establishes a multi-objective optimization model for the optimal locating and sizing of BESSs, which aims at minimizing the total investment cost of BESSs, the power loss cost of DN and the power fluctuation of the grid connection point. Firstly, a multi-objective memetic salp swarm algorithm (MMSSA) was designed to derive a set of uniformly distributed non-dominated Pareto solutions of the BESSs allocation scheme, and accumulate them in a retention called a repository. Next, the best compromised Pareto solution was objectively selected from the repository via the ideal-point decision method (IPDM), where the best trade-off among different objectives was achieved. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was verified based on the extended IEEE 33-bus test system. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method not only effectively improves the economy of BESSs investment but also significantly reduces power loss and power fluctuation.