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Copyright of Turkish Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Educational and self-care measures are important for women after gynecological pelvic cancer treatment. Pelvic floor muscle training exercises (PFMT) are a conservative treatment for pelvic floor (PF) dysfunction. The purpose is to evaluate the impact of a telerehabilitation and self-care program on PF dysfunctions, reports of urinary incontinence (UI), and physical–emotional factors of participants post-treatment for gynecological pelvic cancer. Methods: Two-arm randomized clinical trial: an intervention group (IG) will evaluate the effect of a telerehabilitation program on women undergoing clinical practice of radiotherapy for the treatment of gynecological pelvic cancer and a control group (CG) will maintain the routine. Primary outcome is the prevalence of reports of UI, which will be assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Short Form (ICIQ-SF). The secondary outcomes will be the severity and impact of UI on quality of life, location and perception of pain intensity, presence and intensity of dyspareunia, vaginal stenosis, fecal incontinence (FI), and levels of physical activity. Statistical analysis will be performed by intention-to-treat, and multivariate mixed effects analysis will be used to compare results. Discussion: Activities in the context of telerehabilitation using PFMT and self-care can represent a viable and effective solution to minimize the side effects of gynecological cancer treatment and improve women's quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFD) are highly prevalent among females who do athletics, a sport requiring jumping, strength, and running. Although educational approaches are useful options, the educational need for this particular population remains unknown. The objective of the present study was to describe the level of knowledge regarding PFD and its relationship with symptomatology and gender stereotypes in female athletes in Spain. A total of 255 female athletes completed an anonymous online survey to explore their knowledge regarding urinary incontinence (UI), pelvic organ prolapse (POP), anal incontinence (AI), and sexual dysfunction (SexD), as well as their PFD symptoms and gender stereotyped beliefs related to sport. Educational level and sports characteristics (training volume, experience, and athletic modality) were also explored. Participants demonstrated a low level of knowledge in terms of POP (52.5%), AI (64.0%), and SexD (40%), but not for UI (70.8%). The proportion of PFD complaints was 63.5% for dyspareunia, 51.8% for urine leakage, 42.4% for pelvic pain, 17.3% for AI, and 9.0% for POP, with no associations with knowledge (p > 0.05). Lower knowledge about UI and SexD was related to greater gender stereotypes (p < 0.05) and rejection of professional healthcare (p = 0.010). As a conclusion, the level of knowledge about PFD was low in female athletes who train and compete in athletics in Spain, mainly with regard to sexual dysfunction. Although 63.5% of athletes had dyspareunia and 51.8% urinary leakages, symptomatology was not associated with level of knowledge. However, a lower level of knowledge was associated with more stereotyped beliefs and rejection of professional healthcare for PFD. These findings confirm the need to design appropriate educational interventions to disseminate information on all the types of PFD, particularly sexual contents. The potential influence of gender stereotypes makes it appropriate to include the gender perspective in these interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Utilize magnetic resonance defecography (MRD) to analyze the primary pelvic floor dysfunctions in patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) associated with pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and in SUI patients with asymptomatic POP. Method: We performed MRD in both SUI and POP subjects. As a primary analysis, the functional MR parameters were compared between the isolated POP and POP combined SUI groups. As a secondary analysis, the functional MR data were compared between the POP combined SUI and the SUI with asymptomatic POP (isolated SUI) groups. Results: MRD noted the main characteristics of SUI combined moderate or severe POP, including the shorter closed urethra length (1.87 cm vs. 2.50 cm, p < 0.001), more prevalent urethral hypermobility (112.31° vs. 85.67°, p = 0.003), bladder neck funneling (48.28% vs. 20.51%, p = 0.020), lower position of vesicourethral junction (2.11 cm vs. 1.67 cm, p = 0.030), and more severe prolapse of the posterior bladder wall (6.26 cm vs. 4.35 cm, p = 0.008). The isolated SUI patients showed the shortest length of the closed urethra (1.56 cm vs. 1.87 cm, p = 0.029), a larger vesicourethral angle (153.80° vs. 107.58°, p < 0.001), the more positive bladder funneling (84.85% vs. 48.28%, p = 0.002) and a special urethral opening sign (45.45% vs. 3.45%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with SUI accompanying POP primarily exhibit excessive urethral mobility and a shortened urethral closure. SUI patients with asymptomatic POP mainly show dysfunction of the urethra and bladder neck, characterized by the opening of the urethra and bladder neck and a shortened urethral closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The II Symposium of the Academic League of Women's Health and Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy at the Federal University of Uberlândia took place in March 2024 and had the participation of 90 registered attendees. The event offered workshops, lectures, and roundtable discussions on physiotherapy in the area of women's health and pelvic floor, as well as the presentation of 25 academic papers. One of the studies investigated the presence of urinary incontinence in women who practice Beach Tennis and identified associated characteristics. Other studies addressed topics such as pelvic floor disorders during pregnancy, genital prolapse in Brazilian runners, and the effects of hypopressive exercises in postpartum women with diastasis recti. Additionally, the role of physical exercise in the prevention of preeclampsia and other cardiovascular diseases in the postpartum period was discussed, as well as the relationship between cycling practice and sexual dysfunction in women. The use of EPI-NO and perineal massage in the prevention of perineal trauma during normal delivery, as well as sleep problems in women with obstructive sleep apnea, even with a high level of physical activity, were also addressed. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: This systematic review aims to identify, critically appraise, and summarize current evidence regarding the feasibility and efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training in telerehabilitation. Methods: Three bibliographic databases, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched from inception to October 1, 2023. Clinical trials assessing the feasibility and efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training in telerehabilitation were eligible for inclusion. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale and National Institutes of Health Study Quality Assessment Tool were used for methodological quality assessment. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were completed by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses were performed to determine the effects of pelvic floor muscle training in telerehabilitation. Results: Five randomized controlled trials and three single cohort clinical trials were included in this review. Four studies were evaluated as good quality, and four as fair. Pelvic floor telerehabilitation was well tolerated and demonstrated good patient compliance and satisfaction. Pooled analysis indicated significant effects of pelvic floor telerehabilitation on the severity of urinary incontinence with a large effect size, pelvic floor muscle strength with a large effect size, and quality of life with a medium effect size. Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrates that pelvic floor muscle training in telerehabilitation is a feasible and effective approach and highlights its efficacy in patients with urinary incontinence. This review supports the application of pelvic floor muscle training in telerehabilitation and informs further clinical and research endeavors to incorporate digital health technologies in managing pelvic floor dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sports and physical activity are known risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). The aim of this study is to examine the impact of amateur running on PFD, quality of life (QoL), and sexual function. Methods: Amateur runners were contacted through social media. Their PFD, sexual function, and QoL were evaluated by self-reporting validated questionnaires (PFDI-20, PISQ-12, IIQ-7). They were divided by degree of effort into two categories, 'High effort' and 'Moderate effort'. The differences between the two groups were examined by a Mann–Whitney U Test, T-Test, and Chi-square test. Results: 180 women were included. A high incidence of PFD was found among 'High effort' runners in comparison to 'Moderate effort' runners. In addition, women who scored above the median in the PFDI-20 showed significantly greater impairment in QoL and sexual function. Interestingly, the 'High effort' group reported experiencing higher intensity orgasms compared with women in the 'Moderate effort' group. A correlation was also found between the weekly running distance and the intensity of orgasm experienced (P value = 0.004). Conclusion: 'High effort' runners present a higher incidence of PFD in comparison to 'Moderate effort' runners. Professional pelvic floor muscle training counselling should be considered even for amateur runners. Future interventional physical therapy studies should be carried out in order to investigate preventative strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the association of minimal levator ani hiatus area with age in female adults without pelvic floor dysfunction. Methods: 532 female subjects aged 18 ~ 90 years without pelvic floor dysfunction, divided into four groups (Group A, 18 ~ 29 years old; Group B, 30 ~ 39 years old; Group C, 40 ~ 49 years old; Group D, ≥ 50 years old) based on age, underwent traditional pelvic two-dimensional (2D) T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) axial to the body (AxB) for measuring the minimal levator ani hiatus area. 39 female volunteers were re-recruited to undergo both traditional pelvic 2D T2WI AxB and three-dimensional (3D) T2WI. An axial plane parallel to the direction of the puborectalis muscle (AxPRM) was acquired based on 3D T2WI. The difference of levator ani hiatus area measured on AxB and AxPRM images in 39 female volunteers was compared by one-sample t test, to verify if minimal levator ani hiatus area can be acquired on the traditional pelvic 2D T2WI AxB images. Spearman analysis evaluated the association of minimal levator ani hiatus area with age and the rank-sum test analyzed the area differences among four age groups. Results: Female age was positively correlated with minimal levator ani hiatus area (r = 0.23; p < 0.001). The minimal levator ani hiatus areas of 532 subjects were: 15.17 ± 1.77 cm2 in Group A, 15.52 ± 2.21 cm2 in Group B, 16.03 ± 2.16 cm2 in Group C, and 16.40 ± 2.10 cm2 in Group D. ANOVA showed significant statistical differences among four age groups (F = 7.519, p < 0.0001). Significant differences in minimal levator ani hiatus areas were found between Group A and Group C (p = 0.0491), Group A and Group D (p = 0.0007), and Group B and Group D (p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in minimal levator ani hiatus areas measured on AxB and AxPRM images in 39 female volunteers (p = 0.1000). There were no statistical difference in minimal levator ani hiatus areas between nulliparous and multiparous group for each age group (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on a large sample, this study summarized the minimum levator ani hiatus area of female adults without pelvic floor dysfunction in different age groups. We found significant differences among different age groups. In addition, a positive correlation was found between age and the minimum levator ani hiatus area. These findings can provide reference criteria for diagnosing pelvic organ prolapse in female adults of different age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High prevalence of urinary and faecal incontinence in cystic fibrosis patients. • No relation between severity of respiratory impairment and incontinence. • Incontinence impairs quality of life and adherence to respiratory management. • Therapeutic strategy for incontinence specifically for cystic fibrosis patients. In cystic fibrosis (CF), coughing is associated with a risk of pelvic floor dysfunction. However, data on the prevalence of symptoms (stress urinary incontinence, bladder overactivity, dysuria, and faecal incontinence) are lacking in males and females with CF. The impact of incontinence on adherence to respiratory care has not been studied. We conducted a multicentre study in adults with CF followed in the North-West French CF network. Urinary disorders and their severity were assessed using the Urinary Symptom Profile (USP) self-report questionnaire; the impact of urinary disorders on general quality of life was measured using the SF-Qualiveen questionnaire; faecal incontinence was assessed using the Wexner self-report questionnaire; and the CFQ-R14+ questionnaire was used to assess quality of life. A self-administered questionnaire developed for the study assessed the impact of symptoms on respiratory care. Of the 178 people with CF included, 34 % reported stress urinary incontinence, with a large female predominance (63.5 % of females vs. 7.5 % of males), 65 % bladder overactivity (including 16 % urge incontinence) and 50 % faecal incontinence, also with a female predominance. Neither urinary nor faecal incontinence were related to the severity of the respiratory impairment (FEV1). Quality of life was particularly affected in women. Stress urinary Incontinence symptoms affected respiratory care in both sexes. The prevalence of functional urinary and faecal disorders was high in adults with CF and impacted on quality of life and respiratory care. Therefore, multidisciplinary teams must have knowledge of symptoms, the diagnostic tools and management strategies to provide specific treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pelvic floor symptoms may occur in women with low back pain due to dysfunction of the spinal stabilization muscles. Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal problem experienced by the mothers of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Therefore, our aim in this study was to examine pelvic floor symptoms and symptom-related quality of life in the mothers of children with CP. The study included 48 mothers of children with CP (n = 23) or without neurodevelopmental problems (n = 25). The mothers' pelvic floor symptoms and symptom-related quality of life were evaluated with the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) and the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-7 (PFIQ-7). PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 scores did not differ between the two groups of mothers (p >.05). Additionally, moderately significant positive correlations were found between the age of the child with CP and duration of carrying and the PFDI-20 (r = 0.419, p =.047) and PFIQ-7 (r = 0.427, p =.042) scores. Pelvic floor symptoms and symptom-related quality of life in the mothers of children with CP were similar to those in the mothers of children without neurodevelopmental problems. As the age of the child with CP and duration of carrying increase, the urinary symptoms and urinary and colorectoanal symptoms-related quality of life in their mothers may worsen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the quality of life (QoL) in women following a maternal near‐miss event and to assess the women's attitude towards future fertility and their contraceptive choices. Methods: A cross‐sectional observational study was conducted in Government Medical College, Kozhikode, India among women who had experienced a near‐miss event (n = 50) between January 1, 2020 and May 31, 2021 during the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The QoL was assessed using the WHO Quality of Life, BREF Version, questionnaire, which was administered to the consenting participants over phone. Information regarding desire for future fertility, contraceptive choices, and urogenital symptoms was also collected. A comparison between the short‐term and long‐term effects on the QoL was also done. Results: A maternal near‐miss event was not found to adversely affect the overall quality of life in the present study. The scores in all the four domains—physical, psychological, social relationships, and environmental—suggested good QoL, although greater variability in values were observed in the physical and psychological domains. The influence in these two domains was more pronounced following a perinatal loss and following prolonged physical morbidities. There was no difference in short‐ and long‐term QoL following a maternal near miss (MNM). The MNM did not influence the contraceptive choices and there was no subsequent pelvic floor dysfunction in most women. Conclusion: MNM was not found to adversely affect the overall subsequent QoL in the present study. There was no difference in short‐ and long‐term QoL following a MNM. Studies carried out over a longer period of time with a control group would yield more information. Synopsis: MNM was not found to affect the overall subsequent quality of life in the present study, but greater variability in scores was observed in the psychological and physical domains. Lower scores were observed in women with a perinatal loss and in those with prolonged physical morbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of the study is to determine whether the use of labor analgesia had a higher risk of pelvic floor functional problems after delivery. Study Design All primiparas who delivered at our hospital between June 2019 and May 2020 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups according to their choices: delivery with labor analgesia (analgesia group, n = 76), and delivery without labor analgesia (nonanalgesia group, n = 78). The primary outcome of the study was to test the pelvic floor function by electromyography (EMG) at postpartum 6 to 8 weeks. Participants also completed questionnaires including Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20), International Consultation on Incontinent Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) at postpartum 6 to 8 weeks. Results Primiparas in the analgesia group experienced longer first and second stages of labor (p < 0.05), and had significantly higher PFDI-20 scores at postpartum 6 to 8 weeks (p < 0.05). But the differences in ICIQ-SF, OABSS scores, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system between the two groups were not significant (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in class II and class I muscles, scores of pretest resting baseline, and posttest resting baseline between primiparas with or without labor analgesia (p > 0.05). Conclusion Our results strongly confirmed that labor analgesia did not increase the risk of pelvic floor dysfunction up to 6 to 8 weeks after delivery, although symptom burden might be increased after labor analgesia. Key Points Labor analgesia did not increase risk of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction after delivery. There are longer first and second stages of labor in primiparas with labor analgesia. Primiparas with labor analgesia had more obvious subjective symptoms of PFD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les douleurs anorectales fonctionnelles rentrent dans le cadre plus large des douleurs pelvi-périnéales chroniques. Elles sont caractérisées par un examen clinique normal et une imagerie aspécifique. La manométrie anorectale bien que peu prescrite apporte de nombreuses informations sur les mécanismes de ces douleurs. Les principales anomalies trouvées sont représentées par une hypertonie anale de repos, des ondes ultra-lentes ainsi qu'une dyssynergie anorectale. D'autres anomalies sont parfois trouvées mais peu étudiées : troubles de la sensibilité, modification des réflexes, anomalies portant sur le muscle puborectal et/ou troubles de la statique pelvienne. L'intérêt de la manométrie anorectale dans les douleurs anorectales est donc majeur autant sur le plan physiopathologique que sur le plan thérapeutique. Une meilleure diffusion de cet examen ainsi que des études sur de plus larges effectifs participerait à l'amélioration globale des pratiques. Functional anorectal pain belongs to the broader framework of chronic pelvi-perineal pain Such pain is characterized by a normal clinical examination with non-specific imaging. Anorectal manometry is not prescribed as much as it should although it could add numerous and useful data. Main anomalies described are increased anal basal pressure, ultra-slow waves and anorectal dyssynergia. Others anomalies are sometimes described: rectal sensitivity disorders, abnormal reflex, dysfunction of the puborectalis muscle and/or pelvic floor disorders. Anorectal manometry contributions in anorectal pain are thus important both on the physiopathological and therapeutical sides. Only a better diffusion of this exam and studies with more patients will allow good quality studies and improvement in our practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The impact of frailty, a state of vulnerability to insult with reduced likelihood of full recovery, resulting in suboptimal clinical outcomes following medical intervention has been recognized for some years. Pelvic floor dysfunction is common in frail older women and, as greater proportions of women survive into late life, the number requiring treatment is likely to increase. This article discusses the assessment of frailty, its impact on management of women with PFD and presents what is known about the management of PFD in frail older women from conservative to surgical therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pelvic floor dysfunctions, associated with alterations in respiratory mechanics and, consequently, quality of life, are the cause of the most frequent gynecological problems. Pelvic floor muscle training emerges as a first-line treatment, with new approaches such as hypopressive exercises. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of an 8-week supervised training program of hypopressive exercises on the pelvic floor and its impact on improving the ventilatory mechanics and quality of life in women. Analysis of the spirometric parameters showed a significant main Group × Time effect for three parameters: the ratio of FEV1/FVC (p = 0.030), the forced expiratory flow at 75% of the expired vital capacity (p < 0.001), and the forced expiratory flow over the middle half of the forced vital capacity (p = 0.005). No statistical significance was found regarding the SF-12 questionnaire components; only differences were found over time in the physical role (p = 0.023), bodily pain (p = 0.001), and vitality (p < 0.010) domains and in the physical component summary score (p = 0.010). After an 8-week intervention of hypopressive exercises, an improvement in the ventilatory and pulmonary capacities can be observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pelvic floor disorders are one of the most common morbidities in women, which have negative consequences on women's daily life. Since the total prevalence of this disorder among Iranian′s women has not been reported by appropriate tools, this study was conducted with aim to determine the prevalence of pelvic floor disorder and its risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021-2022 on 400 non-pregnant women of reproductive age referring to Tabriz health centers. Data related to pelvic floor disorders were collected through the Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire and the Sociodemographic and Obstetric Characteristics Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26) and Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. P

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the association of the second birth delivery mode and interval with maternal pelvic floor changes. Methods This prospective cohort study included women who had a first delivery and were in weeks 36–41 of a subsequent pregnancy at Panzhihua Central Hospital between July 2017 and June 2018. The primary outcomes of the study were the hiatus area at 6 months postpartum and bladder neck (mm) at rest and during a maximum Valsalva maneuver. Results There were 112 women with vaginal delivery and 182 with Cesarean section. The hiatus area and hiatus circumference decreased at all time points (all P

Background Pregnancy and vaginal delivery are important factors leading to pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in women, manifested as pelvic organ prolapse (POP), stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and sexual dysfunction. Postpartum pelvic floor function rehabilitation has become a research hotspot in recent years. Stimulating the pelvic floor muscle groups through active exercise and passive contraction can improve detrusor stability and levator muscle function to prevent and treat PFD. Objective To investigate the clinical value of biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) therapy in the rehabilitation of pelvic floor function after vaginal delivery through a clinical controlled study. Methods Postpartum women with PFD after delivery implemented in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the research subjects, and divided into the observation group and the control group using a random number table method. The observation group was treated with biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with PFMT, while the control group was treated with PFMT alone. The muscle strength of the pelvic floor class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ muscle fibers, the ratio of SUI and POP level of the two groups before and after treatment; postpartum PFMT situation; scores of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Questionnaire (PFDI-20), Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-7 (PFIQ-7), and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICI-Q-SF) before and at 3 and 6 months after the treatment. Results A total of 327 cases were included in the observation group and 343 cases in the control group. After the treatment, the strength recovery of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ muscle fibers in the observation group was better than the control group (P0.05). The proportion of PFMT frequency≥5 times/week in the observation group was higher than that in the control group at 3 months and 6 months after treatment (P

One in three women will experience pelvic floor disorders in her lifetime and nearly 60 percent of postmenopausal women are affected by vaginal dryness. Conservative management is recommended as first line treatment for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Also, vaginal estrogens are often prescribed for symptomatic vaginal atrophy. Lasers have been used in cosmetic industry for connective tissue remodeling and repair of skin. Their use in the last decade for treating genitourinary symptoms of menopause, pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence has gained popularity but there is lack of robust evidence to support its use in routine practice. The European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology calls for high quality evidence with patient related outcome measures before adopting to routine clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the relationship between lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms, such as overactive bladder (OAB) and underactive bladder (UAB), and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in women. The authors argue that women with POP often experience symptoms of OAB and obstructive micturition, and that surgical repair of POP can lead to a cure for these symptoms. The article presents data from a study showing high cure rates for OAB symptoms and obstructive micturition after POP repair. The authors suggest that POP should be considered an important cause of LUT symptoms and that surgical intervention can offer women a chance for symptom relief. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is a conservative management tool for the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFDs). The aim of this review was to scope, summarize and critically evaluate available research investigating the impact of various modes of EMS on PFDs in females. Methods: Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was used with The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Three databases were searched. Articles published in English that included female participants living with pelvic floor muscle dysfunction where EMS was used as a conservation care intervention were included in the review. Included studies were analyzed following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized trials was used to assess risk of bias for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and Hawker and Payne’s quality appraisal criteria was used to appraise the data from the other included papers systematically. Results: A total of 37 studies, including 20 RCTs were included. A favorable impact, across various outcomes, was found across trials which investigated different types of EMS with varying protocols. The heterogenous nature of intervention protocols limited the ability to apply any statistical or meta-analyses. EMS demonstrates a positive effect for improving outcomes related to PFDs in adult women. Included studies support the use of EMS for stress, urgency and mixed urinary incontinence. All versions of EMS studied were found to provide significant improvements, which included them being used as a sole intervention or as an adjunct intervention. High intensity forms of EMS were consistently found to require shorter intervention times. Conclusions: EMS demonstrates improvement across outcomes for PFDs among adult women. In particular, the results of this review suggest that EMS may be particularly useful in women living with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or who those are unable to perform voluntary muscle contractions when pelvic floor muscle training is attempted. Further research related to more novel versions of high intensity EMS approaches is needed.