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Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by pulmonary edema, in which the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) has a critical role in the clearance of edema fluid from the alveolar space. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), frequently employed to induce ALI in experimental animal models, has been reported to regulate ENaC expression and alveolar fluid clearance. The role of LPS in regulating ENaC expression is currently controversial, with increases and decreases reported in ENaC expression in response to LPS treatment, as well as reports that ENaC expression is not affected by LPS induction. The present study aimed to systematically analyze the regulation of α-ENaC expression in LPS models of ALI at different pathological stages in vitro and in vivo. ENaC expression was observed to increase ⩽8 h after LPS treatment, and to decrease thereafter. This finding may explain the contradictory data regarding α-ENaC expression in response to LPS in the lung. The results of the present study, in combination with those of previous studies, indicate that the modulation of α-ENaC expression may not be a direct genetic response to LPS exposure, but a general response of the lung to the pathological changes associated with inflammation, hypoxia and endothelial and epithelial damage involved in the development of ALI. The findings of this study may have potential clinical significance for understanding the pathogenesis of ALI and improving patient outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: To discover anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) microbial natural products or their derivatives. Method: Azalomycin F5a (1) was prepared through fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. azalomyceticus, and its derivatives were synthesized through hydrocarbylation in hydrocarbyl alcoholic-AcOH (4 : 1) and subsequent demalonylation with 2 mol·L−1 KOH in MeOH-H2O (7 : 3). Their activities against MRSA ATCC 33592 and three clinical MRSA isolates were evaluated by the agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Results: Four demalonylazalomycin F5a derivatives 2 to 5 were synthesized. The anti-MRSA activity assay indicated that compounds 1 to 5 showed remarkable activity against MRSA, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were respectively 3.0–4.0, 0.5–1.0, 0.67–1.0, 0.67–0.83, and 0.5–0.83 μg·mL−1. Conclusion: Azalomycin F5a and the demalonylazalomycin F5a derivatives 2–5 showed remarkable anti-MRSA activity, and the anti-MRSA activities of 2 to 5 were higher than that of 1, while the anti-MRSA activities of 2 to 5 showed no obvious differences. It was also shown that the malonyl monoester group of azalomycin F5a was less important for its anti-MRSA activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Li3V2(PO4)3/reduced graphene oxide (designated as Li3V2(PO4)3/rGO) and Li3V2(PO4)3/reduced modified graphene oxide (designated as Li3V2(PO4)3/rmGO) nanocomposites have been synthesized by a solvothermal method, followed by post-heat treatment at 800 °C, and explored as cathodes in lithium-ion cells. Lamellar GO sheets were modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to form mGO with good dispersibility. The Li3V2(PO4)3/rGO (∼350 nm particles) and Li3V2(PO4)3/rmGO (∼200 nm particles) nanocomposite cathodes display discharge capacities of, respectively, 170 and 186 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C rate and 118 and 135 mA h g−1 at 10 C rate between 3.0 and 4.8 V. The higher discharge capacity and rate capability of Li3V2(PO4)3/rmGO compared to Li3V2(PO4)3/rGO are ascribed mainly to the smaller particle size of Li3V2(PO4)3 and the tight contact between the Li3V2(PO4)3 nanoparticles and the rmGO sheets. The tight contact enables fast electron transport through the underlying rmGO sheets to Li3V2(PO4)3 nanoparticles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A simple sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) mediated hydrothermal method has been described in this paper to prepare morphology-controlled LiFePO4, cathode material such as nanoparticles, nanorods and nanoplates with controllable b-axis thickness. When used in lithium-ion batteries, the LiFePO4/C nanoparticles (200 nm in size) and nanorods (90 nm in diameter along b-axis and 200 nm–1 μm in length) display initial discharge capacities of 145.3 and 149.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C rate, 33.9 and 61.3 mAh g−1 at 10 C rate, respectively. The LiFePO4/C nanoplates (20 nm thickness along b-axis and 50 nm width) deliver a discharge capacity of 162.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C rate and 107.9 mAh g−1 at 10 C rate. The Li-ion diffusion coefficients of the LiFePO4/C nanoparticles, nanorods and nanoplates are calculated to be 1.66 × 10−12, 2.99 × 10−12 and 1.64 × 10−11 cm2 s−1, respectively. In general, the discharge capacity and rate performance have been found to increase with the decreasing thickness of the b-axis. The experimental results demonstrate that decreasing the crystallite size in the b-axis and increasing the surface area of (010) plane can shorten Li-ion diffusion path and increase the electrode reaction, which significantly improve electrochemical performance of the LiFePO4/C nanocomposites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A hydrothermal reaction has been adopted to synthesize pure LiFePO4 first, which was then modified with carbon coating and cupric ion (Cu2+) doping simultaneously through a post-heat treatment. X-ray diffraction patterns, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images along with energy dispersive spectroscopy mappings have verified the homogeneous existence of coated carbon and doped Cu2+ in LiFePO4 particles with phospho-olivine structure and an average size of 400nm. The electrochemical performances of the material have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements. The carbon-coated and Cu2+-doped LiFePO4 sample (LFCu5/C) exhibited an enhanced electronic conductivity of 2.05×10−3 Scm−1, a specific discharge capacity of 158mAhg−1 at 50mAg−1, a capacity retention of 96.4% after 50 cycles, a decreased charge transfer resistance of 79.4Ω and superior electrode reaction reversibility. The present synthesis route is promising in making the hydrothermal method more practical for preparation of the LiFePO4 material and enhancement of electrochemical properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Addition of a small amount of ganglioside GM1 to phosphatidylserine (PS) liposomes, a gradual increase of protein kinase C (PKC) activity was recorded up to about 2 mol% GM1 where the maximal enzyme activity was obtained. Then the activity of PKC began to decline and even turned to be inhibited with the further increase of GM1 content. It was also indicated that GM1/PS binary liposomes had the highest membrane fluidity and very low spatial density of lipid headgroups which was demonstrated in the MC-540 studies due to the interposition of GM1 when the liposomes contained about 2 mol% GM1. Besides, the liposomes containing about 2 mol% GM1 provided a more hydrophobic environment for PKC than the liposomes containing less or more GM1 which was indicated in the Acrylodan experiments. These factors commonly induced PKC to be stimulated maximally. Whether at the lower or higher GM1 content, the membrane structure was not the most suitable to support the activity of PKC, which declined as a consequence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] A series of heterogeneous catalysts, designated as POP- n -Pd (where n = 1, 2, 3, or 4), were synthesized by polymerizing a six-membered N -heterocyclic compound with an alkyl substituted group monomer (S1), using divinylbenzene (DVB) as crosslinkers. This process was followed by the incorporation of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. The impact of the substituted group and the S1 :DVB ratio in the catalysts, together with the reaction conditions, was investigated to assess their influence on the catalytic performance in converting propylamine, carbon dioxide (CO 2) and 4-iodoanisole to oxazolidinones. The POP-1-Pd catalyst, featuring a methyl substituted group and a S1 :DVB ratio of 1:4, exhibited remarkable efficiency, resulting in an excellent yield of 96 % under room temperature and ambient pressure conditions. Furthermore, it has demonstrated wide applicability across a variety of substrates and in the treatment of lime kiln exhaust gas. Additionally, POP-1-Pd can be used in a gram-scale reaction and maintains its performance after six recycles, with no significant decline in yield. The possible catalytic mechanism is proposed as follows: the catalyst's pores adsorb both CO 2 and substrates, creating a high concentration reactant enrichment microenvironment. This facilitates the activation of both CO 2 and substrates by the imidazole moiety and Pd nanoparticles in the catalyst, thereby generating oxazolidinones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussion forums are increasingly central to massive open online courses (MOOCs), and it is vital for learners to participate in associated forumactivities. Active forumparticipation positively relates to learner achievement in that more posts yield better learner performance. However, this numerically aggregated measure overlooks the fact that longitudinal trajectories of forum participation temporally vary among learners with different motivations in taking MOOCs. To provide timely support for learners to stay engaged, it is important to understand the temporal variation of longitudinal forum participation and how different motivations account for the variance. Using educational data mining techniques, this research identified three clusters with different longitudinal participation trajectories and also indicated that intrinsically motivated learners outperformed others in their longitudinal forum engagement. Also, examining longitudinal forum participation more accurately differentiated learner performance than the numerically aggregated measure. Last, learners persistently engaging in forums were more likely to perform better in MOOCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a pair of tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers, and study its multi-trapping characteristic. The finite difference time domain method is employed to simulate the trapping force characteristic of this pair of single fiber optical tweezers, and the results show that the number of trapped particles depends on the refractive index and the size of the particles. The trapping force of this pair of tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers is calibrated by the experimental method, and the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical calculation results. The multi-trapping capability realized by the tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers will be practical and useful for applications in biomedical research fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with high-speed schlieren results, the flow instabilities in the subsonic–supersonic mixing layer with a convective Mach number of 0.19 are investigated in detail. In the incipient stage of the mixing layer, wave structures caused by the pressure gradient affect the evolution of the Kelvin–Helmholtz vortexes. The dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) analysis reveals that the pressure gradient from the subsonic side to the supersonic side promotes flow instability. At this time, the Kelvin–Helmholtz vortexes mode is found to be dominant. A high temporal resolution is proven to play an important role in the DMD analysis to capture high-frequency modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naringin, a well known component isolated from Exocarpium Citri Grandis , has significant antitussive effects. Recently, Naringin exhibited novel anti-inflammatory effect in chronic inflammatory diseases. In this work, we firstly evaluated the effects of naringin on enhanced cough, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), and airway inflammation in an ovalbumin-induced experimental cough-variant asthma (CVA) model in guinea pigs. We investigated the effect of naringin (18.4 mg/kg, per os, single dose or consecutively) on cough to inhaled capsaicin after challenge with an aerosolized antigen in actively sensitized guinea pigs. The effect of naringin on AHR to inhaled methacholine was evaluated 24 h after cough determination. Airway inflammation was assessed via bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology and lung histopathology. Naringin, given consecutively, significantly reduced ovalbumin-induced enhanced cough and AHR, inhibited the increases in the leukocytes, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF compared with the model group. Moreover, the pathologic changes in lung tissues were clearly ameliorated by naringin treatment. These results suggest that naringin may be a beneficial agent for CVA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: There is a need of in vivo COPD models for mucus hypersecretion study. The current study compared three rat models induced by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure alone or combined with pre- or post-treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Forty rats were randomly divided into the four following groups: control group, LPS + CS group (CS exposure for 4-wk combined with LPS pretreatment), CS group (CS exposure for 6-wk), CS + LPS group (CS exposure for 6-wk combined with LPS post-treatment). The results showed that both CS and CS + LPS groups had more severe pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion, inflammatory cells infiltration, and emphysema as compared to that in LPS + CS group animals. From the PAS staining sections, we found a remarkable hyperplasia of goblet-cell in epitheliums of trachea, bronchi, and bronchiole of all of three modeling groups, especially in CS and CS + LPS groups. From the western-blotting results, there were significant increase in the activities of NF-κB, AP-1, EGFR, TLR4, and MAPKs in all of three modeling groups, while HDAC2 activity was remarkably repressed in CS group only. Moreover, the expression and secretion of MUC5AC were exhibited significant increase in all of three modeling groups, which correlated well with the total transcription activity integration of NF-κB, AP-1, and HDAC2 (r = 0.946, p < 0.01). These results indicated that MUC5AC hypersecretion is consistent with activation of EGFR-AP-1/NF-κB and TLR4-AP-1/NF-κB signaling pathways, as well as repression of HDAC2 activity. Based on these results, we speculated that the 6-wk CS exposure rat model is a reliable COPD rat model, while the 6-wk CS exposure combined with LPS post-treatment rat model is a suitable COPD exacerbation model for mucus hypersecretion study. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The pathogen causing Sorbaria sorbifolia anthracnose in Shandong Province, China was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu stricto using morphological and molecular approaches. The daily growth rate was 13.7 mm/d (25 °C); the optimum for growth and conidial germination was 25–30 °C, pH 5.0–9.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millions of students register for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) to look for opportunities for learning and self-development. However, the learning process usually involves emotional experience, which may affect students' participation in the course, eventually resulting in dropping out along the way. In this study, we quantify this effect. Particularly, this research goes beyond focusing on only the single dimension of positive or negative emotions as many prior studies do. Instead, informed by the control-value theory, a more integrated framework of achievement emotions is applied in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the role of emotions in MOOC students' learning experiences. Specifically, we first built and validated a machine learning model to automatically detect the achievement emotions in the forum posts. Then survival analysis was used to quantify the influence of achievement emotions on student dropout. The results show a different influencing mechanism for expressed and exposed achievement emotions on student survival in the MOOC course. Implications of the results are then discussed in terms of intervention design to improve student retention in MOOCs. • This paper quantifies the effect of achievement emotions on student dropout. • This paper introduces large-scale data mining to study emotions. • This paper helps design a support mechanism to enhance student commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N16, a nacreous protein isolated from Pinctada martensii , is related to nacreous layer formation. Our previous study indicated that N16 showed dual regulatory effects by inducing osteoblast biomineralization as well as inhibiting osteoclast formation. In order to obtain large quantity of N16 for animal experiment and clinical trial, a fermentation and preparative purification method was established. The N16 cDNA was cloned to a BL21(DE3)plysE-pET32a vector and grown in a 20 L fermenter. The medium, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) were optimized. N16 was expressed in inclusion bodies. It was denatured and refolded in 8 M urea buffer and purified to 97% purity by passing through a gel filtration column. The glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis (GIO) rat model was used to investigate the anti-osteoporosis activity of N16 in vivo. Results showed that the decrease of the bone mineral density (BMD) and the ultimate load was significantly relieved after N16 treatment. N16 displayed dual regulatory effects by promoting osteogenesis as well as inhibiting bone resorption in vivo. Our work will contribute to further clinical studies on N16 for osteoporosis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The generation and tissue origination of disc-associated axial pain is still under exploration. This study was performed to evaluate disc-associated axial pain and to explore whether it originates in the disc or its surrounding components.Methods: A 6-year series of 88 single-level Smith-Robinson disc and posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) resections performed to treat single-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy was retrospectively examined. All single-level anterior disc decompressions were performed under local infiltration anesthesia; the PLL was not anesthetized to avoid cervical cord block. The patients were grouped by disc level. The centered foci of the pain localization were subjectively recorded before, during, and after the operation. Radiological examinations (plain X-ray, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) were performed before and after the operation to diagnose the compression and evaluate the decompression.Results: All 88 patients who underwent single-level PLL resection had no intraoperative pain responses except during resection of the PLL. Their provoked pain responses were similar to their familiar pain responses. The axial pain disappeared postoperatively. Complications developed in six patients (6.8 %). All patients recovered well, and the absence of the axial pain was maintained at the 12-month follow-up.Conclusions: Preoperative axial pain due to single-level disc protrusion was triggered and aggravated only during PLL resection and disappeared postoperatively. This implies that the intervertebral PLL could be the site of origination of axial pain. Axial pain from the PLL at different disc levels had different distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It’s significant to find an atom-economic way to prepare graphene-manganese oxide nanocomposites for supercapacitors. Herein, a highly atom-efficient strategy is reported to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-Mn 3 O 4 nanoparticles composite for supercapacitors. First, rGO/MnSO 4 suspension is obtained by hydrothermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO)/MnSO 4 suspension, which is directly produced via Hummers method, and then rGO-Mn 3 O 4 nanoparticles composites are prepared by precipitation of Mn 3 O 4 nanoparticles anchored in-situ on rGO sheets. The as-prepared rGO-Mn 3 O 4 nanocomposites with 86.96% Mn 3 O 4 exhibit high specific capacitance of 258.6 F g −1 and 186.2 F g −1 at 0.25 A g −1 , when using 2 M KOH and 1 M Na 2 SO 4 solution as electrolyte, respectively. More importantly, with the wastewater recovered in the preparation process as electrolyte, the rGO-Mn 3 O 4 composites can deliver a high specific capacitance of 221.6 F g −1 at 50 mA g −1 and 97.1% of the initial capacitance is retained after 1000 cycles at 1 A g −1 . In addition, the rGO-MnO 2 nanosheets composites can also be obtained via a similar strategy. Obviously, this work provides an atom-efficient way for preparation of rGO-manganese oxide nanocomposites for supercapacitors by fully utilizing effective components of the reaction system, including the wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The relation between crack characteristics and mechanical properties of concrete was assessed. • Semantic segmentation was used for pixel-level extraction of concrete cracks. • The impact of polyethylene fiber on the crack fractal dimension was evaluated. • The relations between flexural strength, toughness and crack fractal dimension were analyzed. Polyethylene fibers (PEF) are useful for manufacturing high tenacity concrete with strain hardening and multi-cracking behavior. However, there are few quantitative studies on the complex cracking characteristics of PEF reinforced cement-based materials. In this paper, the external crack fractal dimension (CFD) of PEF-reinforced alkali activated mortar (PEFRAAM) after flexural failure was studied. The cracks on the PEFRAAM could be accurately extracted by the deep learning network. The crack segmentation results were post-processed to obtain the CFD. Experimental results indicated that the CFD of PEFRAAM was increased with the growth of the volume fraction of PEF. The PEF length was more useful than water-binder ratio (WBR) of mortar to mitigate the CFD value increase. Consequently, the maximum CFD was reached in the alkali activated mortar with a WBR of 0.48 and a PEF length of 12 mm. The CFD of PEFRAAM was improved with the growth of PEF reinforcing index in a quadratic function. The critical reinforcing index and density reinforcing index were 150 and 400, respectively. Moreover, the CFD of PEFRAAMs had an obvious positive relation with the flexural strength and the toughness in an exponential function. The excellent correlation between CFD and the flexural toughness before peak load was discovered, resulting from the good correlation between the pre-peak deflection hardening behavior and multi-crack cracking behavior. The full flexural toughness and flexural toughness before peak load could be divided into three regions, whose division thresholds were approximately 1.0 and 1.2. The variation trend of CFD on the flank could reflect the overall cracking pattern of beam, reducing the difficulty to obtain bottom crack information in experiment and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our previous study has demonstrated that naringin attenuates EGF-induced MUC5AC hypersecretion in A549 cells by suppressing the cooperative activities of MAPKs/AP-1 and IKKs/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathways. However, the volume of airway mucus is determined by two factors including the number of mucous cells and capacity of mucus secretion. The aim of the present study is to explore the mucoactive effects of naringin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mice and beagle dogs. The results demonstrated that naringin of 12.4 mg/kg treatment significantly decreased LPS-induced enhancement of sputum volume and pulmonary inflammation, remarkably increased the subglottic sputum volume and solids content in sputum of lower trachea, while partially, but not fully, significantly increased the elasticity and viscosity of sputum in lower trachea of beagle dogs. Moreover, the MUC5AC content in BALF and goblet-cells in large airways of LPS-induced ALI mice were significantly attenuated by dexamethasone (5 mg/kg), ambroxol (25 mg/kg), and naringin (15, 60 mg/kg). However, the goblet-cells hyperplasia in small airways induced by LPS was only significantly inhibited by dexamethasone and naringin (60 mg/kg). In conclusion, naringin exhibits mucoactive effects through multiple targets which including reduction of goblet cells hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion, as well as promotion of sputum excretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Mesoporous MnO2/C spheres are prepared by a reaction of KMnO4 and carbon spheres. [•] The MnO2/C spheres have high efficient MnO2 loading and large specific surface area. [•] The porous MnO2/C composite shows good performance as supercapacitor electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this work, we demonstrate a facile layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method for controllable preparation of single-, double-, and triple-shelled NiO hollow nanospheres by calcining Ni(OH)2/C precursors formed at different stage. It is observed that the external nanoflakes of the NiO hollow nanospheres are inherited from the Ni(OH)2 precursors organized on the surface of carbon spheres via a self-assembly growth process and the inner shells result from the formation of different Ni(OH)2 layers within the carbon spheres during different preparation cycles. Supercapacitive performance of the three types of NiO hollow nanospheres as active electrode materials has been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge. The results indicate that double-shelled NiO hollow nanosphere sample with largest surface area (92.99 m2 g−1) exhibits the best electrochemical properties among the three NiO hollow nanosphere samples. It delivers a high capacitance of 612.5 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and demonstrates a superior long-term cyclic stability, with over 90% specific capacitance retention after 1000 charge–discharge cycles. This excellent performance is ascribed to the short diffusion path and large surface area of the unique hollow structure with nanoflake building blocks for bulk accessibility of faradaic reaction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Amorphous ZnSnO (a-ZTO) is an alternatives for In-based amorphous metal oxide semiconductors (e.g. a-InGaZnO). However, ZTO-based transistors or photodetectors (PDs) do not perform well because they have superfluous electrons, which come from the oxygen vacancies (V o). This study proposes a facile method for the synthesis of a high-quality a-ZTO thin film for UV PD applications. When the as-spun precursor is pre-annealed and exposed to saturated water vapor, the hydrolysis process is initiated and the entire reaction is thoroughly completed, so the number of V o is reduced. Suppressing V o results in a reduction in the number of residual electrons and recombination centers so the dark current is decreased and photocurrent is increased. A solution-processed ZTO metal-semiconductor-metal PD with an ultra-high photo-to-dark current ratio of 2556 is fabricated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dan-hong injection (DHI) is extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) and Carthamus tinctorius (CT) and is widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Our previous results showed DHI could improve hemorheology in rats. Since complex cellular interactions such as inflammation and oxidative stress are believed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events, investigation of such pathological factors will contribute substantially to the understanding of the features and mechanisms of DHI. Therefore, in this study we used a rat model of blood stasis to explore the overall effects of DHI by detecting twenty three indexes, which were related to inflammation, immune response, vascular endothelial function, myocardial energy metabolism, oxidative stress, platelet aggregation, liver and renal function. Meanwhile, the interaction between SM and CT was discussed by comparing the effects of each single herb. DHI could significantly decrease the serum contents of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IgM, IgG, IgA, MPO, hs-CRP, MDA, LDH, CK-MB, PAF, ALP and Cr, while elevate NO, SOD, TP and UA levels, indicating that DHI could inhibit inflammation and platelet aggregation, thereby relieving immune response and peroxidation, protecting vascular endothelial and organ function, and then prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. In terms of compatibility, SM and CT showed complementary effects on markers of inflammatory and oxidative status, vascular endothelial damage and myocardial energy metabolism. On the other hand, they counteracted each other and SM reduced the side effects of creatinine caused by CT. This study contributes to comprehensively understand the pharmacodynamics effects and mechanism of DHI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) is a novel pattern of paradoxically rapid tumor progression, which often leads to early death, mostly in the first 2 months of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Currently, there is no validated biomarker to assess patients at risk of HPD., Aim: The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in HPD and establish a reliable variable to support clinicians in defining personalized treatment strategies., Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published before 31 December 2023. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of eligible studies. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects or a fixed-effects model to evaluate the association between the NLR and the risk of HPD., Results: A total of 17 studies with 2,964 patients were included for meta-analysis. The incidence of HPD across different types of tumors ranged from 6.3% to 35.6%. In the pooled analysis of the NLR and HPD, we identified that the NLR significantly associated with the risk of HPD (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.91; p = 0.01) ( I 2 = 52%, p = 0.007)., Conclusion: In the future, the NLR may serve as a remarkable biomarker for predicting the risk of HPD in clinical practice., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Pei, Zhang, Lai and Chen.)

Uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) is an essential part involved in autophagy to maintain cell viability and homeostasis. Herein, the expression levels of ULK1 in colon cancer (CC) were investigated, and its clinicopathological features and potential function were analyzed. Data of ULK1 were obtained from a public database. UCSC XENA RNAseq data were uniformly processed by using the Toil process. STRING was employed for identification of co-expression genes and development of PPI networks whose interaction scores exceeded 0.4. The level of immune cells for tumor infiltration was calculated by means of single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) on the basis of mRNA data of CC. The ULK1 expression was upregulated compared with both paired and unpaired normal tissues. The mRNA expression of ULK1 was upregulated in CC patients with lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and pathological stages of 3 and 4. The disease-specific survival (DSS), progression-free interval (PFI), and the overall survival (OS) of patients with upregulated mRNA expression of ULK1 were drastically reduced. Functionally, any changes related to the biological process of ULK1 may be related to macroautophagy, autophagosome organization and autophagosome assembly. As a co-expressed gene (CEG), ATG101 was up-regulated in CC tissues and indicated poor survival. ULK1 is closely related to immune cells. ULK1 expression is upregulated in CC cells and upregulation of ULK1 may serve as an accurate prognostic factor, thereby providing novel intervention targets for therapy.

Redundant carbapenemase-producing (RCP) bacteria, which carry double or multiple carbapenemases, represent a new and concerning phenomenon. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of RCP strains to support targeted surveillance and control measures. A retrospective analysis was conducted using surveillance data from 277 articles. Statistical analysis was performed to determine and evaluate species prevalence, proportions of carbapenemases, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, sample information, and patient outcomes. Complete plasmid sequencing data were utilized to investigate potential antimicrobial resistance or virulence advantages that strains may gain from acquiring redundant carbapenemases. RCP bacteria are widely distributed globally, and their prevalence is increasing over time. Several countries, including China, India, Iran, Turkey, and South Korea, have reported more than 100 RCP strains. The most commonly reported RCP species are Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii , which exhibit varying proportions of carbapenemase combinations. Certain species-carbapenemase combinations, such as K. pneumoniae carrying New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) + oxacillinase (OXA) (56.76%) and K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) + Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) (50.00%) carbapenemases, are associated with high mortality rates. In patients with RCP strains isolated from the bloodstream and respiratory system, the mortality rates are 58.70% and 69.23%, respectively. Analysis of plasmids from RCP strains suggests that they may acquire additional antibiotic resistance phenotypes and virulence factors. Carbapenem-resistant bacteria carrying redundant carbapenemases pose a significant global health threat. This study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of these bacteria, supporting the development of effective control and prevention strategies to mitigate their transmission.IMPORTANCEThis study examined the global distribution patterns of 1,780 bacteria with double or multiple carbapenemases from 277 articles and assessed their clinical impact. The presence of multiple carbapenemases increases the chances of co-resistance to other classes of antibiotics and more virulence factors, further complicating the clinical management of infections., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Naoxintong Capsule (NXT), a renowned traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, has been broadly applied in China for more than 30 years. Over decades, accumulating evidences have proven satisfactory efficacy and safety of NXT in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD). Studies have been conducted unceasingly, while this growing latest knowledge of NXT has not yet been interpreted properly and summarized comprehensively. Hence, we systematically review the advancements in NXT research, from its chemical constituents, quality control, pharmacokinetics, to its profound pharmacological activities as well as its clinical applications in CCVD. Moreover, we further propose specific challenges for its future perspectives: 1) to precisely clarify bioactivities of single compound in complicated mixtures; 2) to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behaviors of NXT feature components in clinical studies, especially drug-drug interactions in CCVD patients; 3) to explore and validate its multi-target mechanisms by integrating multi-omics technologies; 4) to re-evaluate the safety and efficacy of NXT by carrying out large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials. In brief, this review aims to straighten out a paradigm for TCM modernization, which help to contribute NXT as a piece of Chinese Wisdom into the advanced intervention strategy for CCVD therapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Chen, Tang, Li, Wang, Wu, Xu, Zou, Luo, Ouyang, Chen, Liao and Wu.)

Mosquito transmitted viruses are responsible for an increasing burden of human disease. Despite this, little is known about the diversity and ecology of viruses within individual mosquito hosts. Here, using a meta-transcriptomic approach, we determined the viromes of 2,438 individual mosquitoes (81 species), spanning ~4,000 km along latitudes and longitudes in China. From these data we identified 393 viral species associated with mosquitoes, including 7 (putative) species of arthropod-borne viruses (that is, arboviruses). We identified potential mosquito species and geographic hotspots of viral diversity and arbovirus occurrence, and demonstrated that the composition of individual mosquito viromes was strongly associated with host phylogeny. Our data revealed a large number of viruses shared among mosquito species or genera, enhancing our understanding of the host specificity of insect-associated viruses. We also detected multiple virus species that were widespread throughout the country, perhaps reflecting long-distance mosquito dispersal. Together, these results greatly expand the known mosquito virome, linked viral diversity at the scale of individual insects to that at a country-wide scale, and offered unique insights into the biogeography and diversity of viruses in insect vectors., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

The advent of tumor immunotherapy in patients has revolutionized the treatment of tumors and significantly improved survival rates for a wide range of tumors. However, the full therapeutic potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has yet to be realized, as not all patients have a lasting survival benefit from them, and a significant proportion of patients show primary or acquired resistance to immunotherapy. Bifidobacterium is one of the most common probiotics, and its antitumor and immunomodulatory effects have been demonstrated in recent years, but its immunomodulatory effects in tumors, especially on ICIs and in combination, have not been extensively studied in clinical practice, and its effects on the immune system and the mechanisms that modulate immunotherapy are largely unknown. Therefore, this review will focus on the immunomodulatory effects of Bifidobacteria in malignancies and the possible mechanisms of action of Bifidobacteria on immunotherapy in the hope of providing a basis for further research and better application of Bifidobacteria in clinical practice., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Currently, there are over 170 recognized species of Mycobacterium, the only genus in the family Mycobacteriaceae. Organisms belonging to this genus are quite diverse with respect to their ability to cause disease in humans. The Mycobacterium genus includes human pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae) and environmental microorganisms known as non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM). A common pathogenic factor of Mycobacterium is the formation of biofilms. Bacterial biofilms are usually defined as bacterial communities attached to the surface, and are also considered as shared spaces of encapsulated microbial cells, including various extracellular polymeric substrates (EPS), such as polysaccharides, proteins, amyloid proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA (EDNA), as well as membrane vesicles and humic like microorganisms derived refractory substances. The assembly and dynamics of the matrix are mainly coordinated by second messengers, signaling molecules, or small RNAs. Fully deciphering how bacteria provide structure for the matrix, thereby promoting extracellular reactions and benefiting from them, remains a challenge for future biofilm research. This review introduces a five step development model for biofilms and a new model for biofilm formation, analyses the pathogenicity of biofilms, their interactions with bacteriophages and host immune cells, and the key genes and regulatory networks of mycobacterial biofilms, as well as mycobacterial biofilms and drug resistance, in order to provide a basis for clinical treatment of diseases caused by biofilms.

Background : Immunotherapy plays a significant role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Members of the S100 protein family (S100s) have been widely implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of tumors. However, the exact mechanism by which S100s contribute to tumor immunity remains unclear. Methods: To explore the role of S100s in HCC immune cells, we collected and comparatively analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of HCC and hepatitis B virus-associated HCC. By mapping cell classification and searching for S100s binding targets and downstream targets. Results: S100A6/S100A11 was differentially expressed in tumor T cells and involved in the nuclear factor (NF) κB pathway. Further investigation of the TCGA dataset revealed that patients with low S100A6/S100A11 expression had a better prognosis. Temporal cell trajectory analysis showed that the activation of the NF-κB pathway is at a critical stage and has an important impact on the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion: Our study revealed that S100A6/S100A11 could be involved in regulating the differentiation and cellular activity of T-cell subpopulations in HCC, and its low expression was positively correlated with prognosis. It may provide a new direction for immunotherapy of HCC and a theoretical basis for future clinical applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Efficient utilizing CO 2 is crucial approaches in achieving carbon neutralization. One of the challenges lies in the in-situ conversion of low concentration CO 2 found in waste gases. This study introduces a novel heterogeneous catalyst known as silver nanoparticles in porous N-heterocyclic carbene polymer (Ag@POP-NL-3). The catalyst is synthesized via a streamlined pre-coordination method. Ag@POP-NL-3 exhibits uniform distribution of silver nanoparticles, a porous structure and nitrogen activation groups. It demonstrates high efficiency and selectivity in absorbing and activating CO 2 and enabling the conversion of low concentration CO 2 (30 vol%) from lime kiln waste gas into cyclic carbonate under mild conditions. This catalytic system achieves both CO 2 capture and resource utilization of CO 2 simultaneously, effectively fixing low-concentration CO 2 from waste gases into C 2+ valuable chemicals. This approach elegantly addresses two goals in one solution., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The transcription of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (isg15) is induced by type I interferons. ISG15 can covalently modify target proteins through the sequential action of enzymesE1, E2, and E3, a process known as ISGylation. The ISGylation of host proteins is widely involved in immune responses, such as host antiviral defence. Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18), as a deubiquitinase (DUB), can remove ISG15 conjugated to target proteins and inhibit host immune responses by suppressing the type I interferon signaling. The dynamic balance between ISGylation and deISGylation mediated by ISG15 or USP18 respectively plays a significant role in the tuberculosis. Furthermore, similar to ISG15, USP18 is extensively involved in virus-host interaction. In this review, we summarize the roles of ISGylation and deISGylation in tuberculosis and other important diseases mediated by ISG15 and USP18 respectively, underlying regulator network. Further studies in this aspect will inspire new host-targeted strategies to control important diseases such as tuberculosis.

Industrial waste gas is one of the major sources of atmospheric CO 2 , yet the direct conversion of the low concentrations of CO 2 in waste gases into high value-added chemicals have been a great challenge. Herein, a copper-based N-heterocyclic carbene porous polymer catalyst (Cu@NHC-1) for the direct conversion of low concentration CO 2 into oxazolidinones was successfully fabricated via a facile copolymerization process followed by the complexation with Cu(OAc) 2 . A continuous flow device was designed to deliver a continuous and stable carbon source for the reaction. Due to the triple synergistic effect of its porous structure, nitrogen activation sites and catalytic Cu center, Cu@NHC-1 shows highly efficient and selective adsorption, activation, and conversion of the low concentration CO 2 (30 vol%). Its practical application potential is demonstrated by the ability to successfully convert the CO 2 in lime kiln waste gas into oxazolidinones in satisfactory yields under mild conditions., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Embelin is a natural benzoquinone compound that displays a beneficial effect in various inflammatory-related diseases. However, the effect of embelin on degeneration of intervertebral disc (IDD), a chronic inflammatory disorder, has not been reported. This study was attempted to explore the therapeutic action of embelin on IDD in vitro. Network pharmacology analysis was performed for evaluating the link between embelin and IDD. The human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were stimulated with IL-1β to induce inflammation. Cell viability of NPCs was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Western blotting was conducted to detect the expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, p65 and p-p65. Apoptotic deaths of NPCs were examined by TUNEL assay. The production of COX-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was examined by ELISA. It can be seen that 16 overlapping genes were selected from 109 possible targets of embelin and 342 possible targets of IDD. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was a close link between embelin and IDD. We found that embelin dose-dependently improved the cell viability in IL-1β-stimulated NPCs. Embelin elevated the relative levels of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in IL-1β-stimulated NPCs. IL-1β induced a significant increase in apoptotic deaths of NPCs, which was attenuated by embelin treatment. IL-1β-induced alternations in expression levels of apoptotic-related proteins including cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 were prevented by embelin treatment. Pretreatment with LY294002 (an inhibitor of PI3K) reversed the inhibitory effect of embelin on IL-1β-induced apoptosis in NPCs. Embelin treatment caused inhibitory effects on the IL-1β-stimulated production of COX-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, which were abolished by LY294002 treatment. Furthermore, embelin treatment prevented IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of p65 in NPCs, while LY294002 elevated the embelin-caused decrease in p-p65/p65 level. Overall, embelin protected human NPCs against IL-1β-stimulated apoptosis and inflammation by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These findings provided new ideas for the clinical usage of embelin in the prevention and treatment of IDD., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element and may affect cervical cancer occurrence and progression. The association between selenium supplementation and acute toxic reactions and clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the safety profile of add-on Se yeast and assess the potential of Se to ameliorate the hematologic toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer., Methods: Patients with Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIB cervical cancer who met all inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group. The experimental group received Se yeast tablets (100 μg Se, twice daily), while the control group received placebos (twice daily) for 5 weeks in total. All patients in both groups received standard treatment, including pelvic external irradiation, concurrent five cycles of chemotherapy, and brachytherapy. Measures included the incidence of myelosuppression, impairment of liver and kidney function, objective response rate (ORR), and blood Se concentrations before, during and after the treatment of the two groups., Results: A total of 104 eligible patients were enrolled in the experimental group ( n  = 50) or the control group ( n  = 54). The ORR in the experimental group and control group were 96 and 94%, respectively ( p  = 0.47). The baseline levels of blood Se before treatment in the experimental and control groups were similar (58.34 ± 17.63 μg/L and 60.21 ± 18.42 μg/L, p  = 0.60), but the concentrations became significantly different after course completion between the two groups (76.16 ± 24.47 μg/L and 57.48 ± 14.92 μg/L, respectively, p  < 0.01). Se dramatically decreased the incidence of grade 3 myelosuppression (48% vs. 63%, p  = 0.034) compared to the control group. In the subgroup of patients with moderately well-differentiated cervical cancer, the incidence of thrombocytopenia induced by concurrent chemoradiotherapy was lower in the experimental group than in the control group (53.8% vs. 78.9%, p  < 0.01). However, no difference was observed in liver and kidney injuries between the two groups., Conclusion: Supplementation with Se effectively increased blood Se levels in Se-inadequate cervical cancer patients. As an add-on to standard treatment, Se-yeast significantly decreased the hematologic toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Yang, Pei, Hu, Li, Fang, Huang, Yang, Chen, He, Sun, Lv, Wang, Zhang, Lai and Huang.)

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is an urgent threat to human health. Major outer membrane proteins (OMPs) porin mutation is one important resistance mechanism of CRKP, and may also affect the inhibition activity of β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. The ertapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strain 2018B120 with major porin mutations was isolated from a clinical patient. Genomic and time-series proteomic analyses were conducted to retrieve the ertapenem-challenged response of 2018B120. The abundance changing of proteins from PTS systems,  ABC transporters, the autoinducer 2 (AI-2) quorum sensing system, and antioxidant systems can be observed. Overexpression of alternative porins was also noticed to balance major porins' defection. These findings added a detailed regulation network in bacterial resistance mechanisms and gave new insights into bypass adaptation mechanisms the porin deficient bacteria adopted under carbapenem antibiotics pressure. SIGNIFICANCE: Outer membrane porins deficiency is an important mechanism of carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae. Comprehensive genomic and proteomic profiling of an ertapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strain 2018B120 gives a detailed systematic regulation network in bacterial resistance mechanisms. Overexpression of alternative porins to balance major porins' defection was noticed, giving new insights into bypass adaptation mechanisms of porin deficient bacteria., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is a well-known natural anthocyanin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we explored the role and action mechanism of C3G in high glucose (HG)-induced damage of human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs). Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. TUNEL assay was performed for detecting apoptotic rate. Western blot was performed to determine the expression levels of cl-caspase-3, caspase-3, Bax, Bim, collagen II, aggrecan, MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS5. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was analyzed using DCFH-DA staining. The Nrf2 was knocked down or overexpressed in HNPCs through transfection with si-Nrf2 or pcDNA3.0-Nrf2. C3G treatment (12.5, 25, and 50 μM) improved cell viability of HNPCs under HG condition. HG-induced cell apoptosis of HNPCs was attenuated by C3G with decreased apoptotic rate and relative levels of cl-caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax, and Bim. C3G treatment caused significant increase in expression levels of collagen II and aggrecan and decrease in the relative levels of MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS5. After treatment with C3G, ROS generation in HNPCs was markedly reduced. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed HG-induced cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. C3G treatment induced the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in HG-induced HNPCs. Moreover, knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the inhibitory effect of C3G on ROS production. Summarily, C3G exerted a protective effect on ROS-mediated cellular damage in HNPCs under HG condition, which was attributed to the induction of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Laribacter hongkongensis is a new emerging foodborne pathogen that causes community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea. However, the genetic features of L. hongkongensis have not yet been properly understood. A total of 45 aquatic animal-associated L. hongkongensis strains isolated from intestinal specimens of frogs and grass carps were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS), along with the genome data of 4 reported human clinical strains, the analysis of virulence genes, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants were carried out for comprehensively understanding of this new foodborne pathogen. Human clinical strains were genetically more related to some strains from frogs inferred from phylogenetic trees. The distribution of virulence genes and carbohydrate-active enzymes exhibited different patterns among strains of different sources, reflecting their adaption to different host environments and indicating different potentials to infect humans. Thirty-two AMR genes were detected, susceptibility to 18 clinical used antibiotics including aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and sulfa was checked to evaluate the availability of clinical medicines. Resistance to Rifampicin, Cefazolin, ceftazidime, Ampicillin, and ceftriaxone is prevalent in most strains, resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin are aggregated in nearly half of frog-derived strains, suggesting that drug resistance of frog-derived strains is more serious, and clinical treatment for L. hongkongensis infection should be more cautious., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Yuan, Zhan, Zhu, Ling, Chen, Liu, Wang, Zhong and Chen.)

Objective: This meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) had a superior effect than other surgeries in the treatment of patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH)., Method: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science through February 2018 to identify eligible studies that compared the effects and complications between PELD and other surgical interventions in LDH. The outcomes included success rate, recurrence rate, complication rate, operation time, hospital stay, blood loss, visual analog scale (VAS) score for back pain and leg pain, 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF12) physical component score, mental component score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score, Oswestry Disability Index. A random-effects or fixed-effects model was used to pool the estimate, according to the heterogeneity among the included studies., Results: Fourteen studies (involving 2,528 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with other surgeries, PELD had favorable clinical outcomes for LDH, including shorter operation time (weight mean difference, WMD=-18.14 minutes, 95%CI: -25.24, -11.05; P < .001) and hospital stay (WMD = -2.59 days, 95%CI: -3.87, -1.31; P < .001), less blood loss (WMD = -30.14 ml, 95%CI: -43.16, -17.13; P < .001), and improved SF12- mental component score (WMD = 2.28, 95%CI: 0.50, 4.06; P = .012)) and SF12- physical component score (WMD = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.37, 1.71; P = .02). However, it also was associated with a significantly higher rate of recurrent disc herniation (relative risk [RR] = 1.65, 95%CI: 1.08, 2.52; P = .021). There were no significant differences between the PELD group and other surgical group in terms of success rate (RR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.97, 1.04; P = .733), complication rate (RR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.63, 1.18; P = .361), Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score score (WMD = 0.19, 95%CI: -1.90, 2.27; P = .861), visual analog scale score for back pain (WMD = -0.17, 95%CI: -0.55, 0.21; P = .384) and leg pain (WMD = 0.00, 95%CI: -0.10, 0.10; P = .991), and Oswestry Disability Index score (WMD = -0.29, 95%CI: -1.00, 0.43; P = .434)., Conclusion: PELD was associated with better effects and similar complications with other surgeries in LDH. However, it also resulted in a higher recurrence rate. Considering the potential limitations in the present study, further large-scale, well-performed randomized trials are needed to verify our findings., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)