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This study examined the relationship between early separation from parents and psychopathic traits in a diverse Asian community sample of at-risk adolescents. Specifically, we tested whether gender could moderate this relationship. Data on 113 at-risk adolescents were provided by their parents who participated in this study. These adolescents were between the ages of 11 and 16 years (M = 14.35; SD = 1.10). Parents provided ratings on psychopathic traits with respect to their adolescent and they also provided information on demographic variables, psychosocial and familial information. Results showed that gender moderated the link between early separation from parents and adolescent psychopathy. As hypothesized, boys who experienced early separation from parents were associated with significantly higher levels of psychopathic traits compared with boys who did not experience early separation from parents. Girls who experienced and who did not experience early separation from parents had levels of psychopathic traits that were not significantly different from each other. These findings suggest that boys appear to be more vulnerable to the negative effects of early separation from parents and early emotional parental deprivation. There are important implications of these findings for both researchers and practitioners with respect to attempting to ameliorate the negative trajectory associated with psychopathy. It is critical to pay attention to and work with children and adolescents, especially boys, who have had early disruption to parental caregiving arrangements. Additionally, it is equally important to work with to-be adoptive or foster parents on how to handle and support potentially emotionally damaged children.

This study was designed to assess to what extent children and their caregivers understand the significance of parental deprivation and to what extent they share an awareness of the levels of deprivation children face. Cross sectional survey was carried out to gather data regarding parental love deprivation in children and its likely repercussions on their future lives. Multi stage sampling was employed in which 100 children aged 4 -12 were randomly selected to gauge love and affection they receive from their parents and also researched a random sample of 100 adults of varying age groups (30-65) to correlate love deprivation with different facets of their lives. Study was based on Rawalpindi as urban centre and five remote villages of Namal Valley in Mianwali District. Study revealed interesting results. Parents’ income, education, and rural/urban origin came out as important factors in determining parental love towards their children. The results of study concluded that love deprivation syndrome amongst children in Pakistan is falling with an average of around 2 per cent per annum. Love deprivation is found to be more prevalent in uneducated, low income and rural segment of Pakistani society

The aim of the present investigation was to study the impact of parental deprivation on mental health of adolescents. The study was conducted on 80 adolescents, there were 40 from parentally deprived and 40 students from non – deprived. Their age ranged between 16 to 18 years. They were belonging to Ranchi town. Mental Health Battery (2008) by Singh and Sengupta were used to measure Mental Health of the respondents. ‘t’ test was applied to check significance of difference between means of the two groups. The finding of the study revealed that there was significant influence of parental deprivation on Mental Health. Non-deprived adolescents had significantly better mental health than parentally deprived adolescents.

Context : India has been the focus of many health surveys among normal, physically, and mentally handicapped children. However, the data, concerning oral health conditions of socially handicapped children living in orphanages, are scanty. Aims: To study the effect of parental inadequacy, environmental deprivation, and emotional disturbances on dental caries through intelligence quotient (IQ) and self-concept in orphan children and also to co-relate dental caries with different levels of IQ and self-concept. Settings and Design: The study was carried out amongst socially handicapped children living in orphanages. Patients and Methods: 100 children in the age group of 10-14 years from orphanages were selected. Malin's Intelligence Scale for Indian Children (MISIC) was used to assess the intelligence quotient; self-concept questionnaire to assess self-concept of the child and recording of dental caries status of children was done as per WHO Index (1997). StatisticaL Analysis Used : To assess the relationship of dental caries with IQ, student's unpaired t-test was used and; to find the relationship between self-concept and dental caries, Karl-Pearson's coefficient of co-relation was applied. Results: the children in orphanages had a lower IQ and high caries experience but had an above average self-concept. There was also no co-relation between dental caries and self-concept. Conclusions: Orphan children, being socially handicapped, are at an increased risk for dental caries due to a lower IQ level, parental deprivation, and institutionalization. Moreover, lack of co-relation between dental caries and self-concept could be explained by the fact that dental caries is a lifelong process whereas different dimensions of self-concept are in a state of constant flux.

The population of Assam comprises of various tribes with their varied customs and beliefs. The current research study investigates the motivational pattern viz. achievement motivation and the differentiating cultural elements prevalent among the Tribal and Non - Tribal college students of Assam residing in Guwahati city. The sample consisted of 240 college students (120 tribal and 120 non-tribal) ranging from18-24 years, 60 males and 60 females for both tribal's and non-tribal's. Attempts were made to include all the prominent tribes of Assam viz. Bodo Kachari, karbi, Miris, Lalung, Dimasa Kachari and Rabhas.. Thematic Apperception Test and a semi structured interview schedule were used to gather information about their family types, parental deprivation, parental relations, settlement pattern and ecology. Mean, Standard Deviation, and t-test were the statistical measures adopted in this 2x2 factorial design study. In addition to this discriminant analysis has been worked out to strengthen the predictive validity of the obtained data. Results from TAT scores reveal significant difference among the two cultures on achievement motivation. Tribals were found to have low achievement motivation as compared to non-tribal students. Further the study yielded an interesting finding that tribal females are high achievers as compared to males, whereas among non-tribal's males are high achievers. Discriminant analysis results depicts n-achievement as the potent factor which has the highest weight (.811) that resulted in determining the competence and skill of the non-tribal students over the tribal students.

To study the prevalence of early adversities in schizophrenia and unipolar depression, 2 groups of consecutive adult-onset inpatients with DSM-IV diagnoses of schizophrenia (n = 173) and unipolar depression (n = 305) were compared with an unscreened control group of volunteers from the general population (n = 310), with respect to their association with 4 types of childhood abuse and with early parental adversities (discord, separation, death, psychiatric caseness). Compared with general population, most types of early adversities (except sexual abuse and parental death) were significantly associated with both clinical groups. Compared with depression, all early adversities with the same 2 exceptions were significantly associated with schizophrenia; both frequency of abuse and number of types of abuse increased the risk of schizophrenia in a dose-response pattern, suggesting causality. These findings stress the role of social developmental factors in the etiology of schizophrenia.

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of parental deprivation on self-confidence of adolescents. In the present study 4×2 factorial design was used. There were two independent variables, the first independent variable was parental deprivation, and distinguished at four levels that is mother deprivation, father deprivation, both deprivation and no deprivation. The second independent variable was gender distinguished at two levels that is male and female. 160 subjects (9th and 10th class) were selected for the study. Out of which 40 subjects have mother deprivation, 40 have father deprivation, 40 have both deprivation and 40 have no deprivation. In each group there were equal no of male and female. Data was collected with the help of “Agnihotri self-confidence Inventory”. Obtained data were analyzed by mean, ANOVA and newman-Keuls comparison test, result reveal that parental deprivation and gender significantly affect the self-confidence of adolescents.

Having analysed the contemporary labour emigration in Ukraine and challenges it poses for the family, the most important institute of the child’s socialization, the author defines and supports the topicality of socio-pedagogical work with families of the emigrants. This category of families is regarded as a risk-group, malfunctioning due to irregularities in performing vital family functions; there has been also studied the issues of the distant migrant families and their impact on the child as well as peculiarities of child’s socialization in case of parental deprivation. The necessity of focused and systematic work with this type of family is proved by the author’s research conducted in 2002-2015, which allows not only to outline the problems of the child’s social formation within the distant family, but also to register retarded consequences of parental deprivation in the child’s adult life. The author also presents some aspects of socio-pedagogical work with families of the emigrants.

Objective: Recent research demonstrating concurrent associations between mental disorders and peptic ulcers has renewed interest in links between psychological factors and ulcers. However, little is known about associations between temporally prior mental disorders and subsequent ulcer onset. Nor has the potentially confounding role of childhood adversities been explored. The objective of this study was to examine associations between a wide range of temporally prior DSM-IV mental disorders and subsequent onset of ulcer, without and with adjustment for mental disorder comorbidity and childhood adversities.Methods: Face-to-face household surveys conducted in 19 countries (n = 52,095; person years = 2,096,486). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview retrospectively assessed lifetime prevalence and age at onset of 16 DSM-IV mental disorders. Peptic ulcer onset was assessed in the same interview by self-report of physician's diagnosis and year of diagnosis. Survival analyses estimated associations between first onset of mental disorders and subsequent ulcer onset.Results: After comorbidity and sociodemographic adjustment, depression, social phobia, specific phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, alcohol and drug abuse disorders were significantly associated with ulcer onset (ORs 1.3-1.6). Increasing number of lifetime mental disorders was associated with ulcer onset in a dose-response fashion. These associations were only slightly attenuated by adjustment for childhood adversities.Conclusions: A wide range of mental disorders were linked with the self-report of subsequent peptic ulcer onset These associations require confirmation in prospective designs, but are suggestive of a role for mental disorders in contributing to ulcer vulnerability, possibly through abnormalities in the physiological stress response associated with mental disorders. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The study aims at elucidating the fate of orphans in 19th century Sweden. A cohort of all children born in the region of Sundsvall was followed. The Cox regression model was used. The population increased 12-fold in the sawmill parish, and doubled in the other parishes. Every 13th child lost either his or her mother or father. The death risk represented by being a motherless infant exceeded every other death risk for the child, and was further enhanced if parents were crofters or coming from the sawmill parish. For children beyond the age of 1 year, factors other than parental deprivation became decisive. Step-parents had an immense positive influence on the survival of the children. The social network worked relatively well for those children who were orphans beyond the age of 1 year. The motherless infants had the worst outcome. The best chance for survival was found for children with step-parents.

The present study aimed to examine some family environmental factors that influence delinquency in adolescents. The semi- structured type of interview schedule was used. The total sample of the present study was 300 in number divided in to two group; The first one is 150 male delinquent adolescents were selected. The second group is 150 non – delinquents. Their age - ranging from 12-17 years. The frequency table, percentage and chi -square (X²) were derived and utilized in statistical analysis to assess differences between the two groups of delinquents and non - delinquents on different family environmental variables . The findings indicate that environmental variables like size of the family , economic deprivation , parental deprivation , family discipline , inter parental relationship , child – parent relationship and parental acceptance – rejection play an important and effective role in the developmental growth of personality as well as social behavior of the delinquents . we suggest that family counseling will be an effective way to guide the public to the important of healthy family environment. Also further studies are suggested to have deep analysis for the affect of family environment on causing juvenile delinquency. Keywords: Juvenile delinquency , family environment Jordan.

IntroductionSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, multisystem disease of unknown etiology characterized by autoimmune inflammation, abnormalities in small blood vessels, and progressive fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. Mental disorders (MD), especially depression, occur quite often with SSc. The influence of childhood experience, relations’ traumatic events with SSc and MD, and MD's clinical specific have not investigated carefully still. The investigation has been realized in accordance with the interdisciplinary program “stress factors and mental disorders in auto-immune inflammatory rheumatic diseases”.MethodsSixty SSc patients (4 male and 56 female mean age 49.9 ± 13.5) were included. ICD-10 criteria were used for MD semi-structured interview. The stress factors were analyzed with the specially elaborated scale. The cognitive disorders and their severity were diagnosed by neuropsychology tests.ResultsEarly traumatic childhood experiences (parental deprivation mainly) observed in 90% cases. The significant stress factors were preceded SSc symptoms in 80% and MD in 70% cases. Most patients self-reported connection between stressful life events and exacerbation of SSc. MD preceded SSc in 76.6% cases. MD were diagnosed in 48 (80%) SSc patients: depressive episode (mild, moderate) − 26.6%, recurrent depressive disorder − 16.6%, dysthymia – 23.3%, adjustment disorder − 6.6% and schizotypal disorder – 40%. The mild or moderate cognitive impairments were diagnosed in all MD cases.ConclusionIndividual history of stressful life events is important factor for the predisposition and provocation of the rheumatic disease and MD in SSc patients. Depressive, schizotypal and cognitive disorders are the common MD in SSc patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

У роботі висвітлено проблему дітей, батьки яких – трудові мігранти. Відсутність батьків протягом великого проміжку часу є депривуючим чинником, який негативно впливає на розвиток особистості дитини. Проведено дослідження впливу сімейної депривації на уявлення образу майбутньої сім’ї в дітей трудових мігрантів. The article highlights the problem of children whose parents are migrant workers. The absence of parents during a long period of time is a depriving factor that affects the personality of the child development. The influence of family deprivation on the idea of the future family image of migrant workers’ children has been studied.

Background: The importance of early relationship with parents has been stressed by most personality theorists. Deprivation of the nurturing influence can lead to an adverse impact. Aim: To study the effect of early parental loss in the development of adult psychiatric disorder. Methods: A total of 289 soldiers suffering from assorted ICD-10 identified psychiatric disorders were studied to ascertain parental losses during their developmental period. The findings were compared with those of 127 patients drawn from general medical wards. Results: A higher percentage of psychiatric patients had lost their parents before the age of 18 years compared with medical patients (21.5% vs. 8.7%). The difference, which was highly significant, was due to bipolar disorder to some extent and alcohol dependence syndrome to a larger extent. Loss of the father appears to be more significant than loss of the mother. Parental loss is found to be not a significant factor in depression and neurotic disorders. There is no excess of maternal loss in cases of depression. Conclusion: This study indicates that parental loss is a significant factor in the future development of psychiatric disorders. It does not appear to be an important factor in the development of neurotic disorders. The aspect requires comprehensive evaluation.

The counseling experience has shown that a majority of problems that endanger marital and family functioning results from an absent father. The problem of an absent father and his important role in the upbringing of his children had already become well-known. The reason for this is that the welfare of children has declined dramatically compared to children of earlier generations. It is the negative effects and spiritual consequences of an uninvolved father, as well as the subsequent poor relations between fathers and their children that were cause for concern. The perplexing question is why the problem of the absent father is treated so indifferently, given the awareness of its scope and significance. The church, who are to be the light for the world and who are to make the family its core priority, is crucial in taking a leading role in addressing the key reasons for the crisis the family in Western society is facing. This study wants to address the problem of the absent father from a theological perspective. Prof. W.J. Hattingh

Repeated separation from the family during very early stages of life is a stressful emotional experience which induces a variety of neuronal and synaptic changes in limbic cortical areas that may be related to behavioral alterations. First, we investigated whether repeated parental separation and handling, without separation from the family, leads to altered spontaneous exploratory behavior in a novel environment (open field test) in 8-day-old Octodon degus. Second, we tested whether the parentally deprived and handled animals display different stimulus-evoked exploratory behaviors in a modified open field version, in which a positive emotional stimulus, the maternal call, was presented. In the open field test a significant influence of previous emotional experience was found for the parameters of running, rearing, and vocalization. Parentally deprived degus displayed increased horizontal (running) and vertical (rearing) motoric activities, but decreased vocalization, compared to normal and handled controls. The presentation of maternal vocalizations significantly modified running, vocalization, and grooming activities, which in the case of running activity was dependent on previous emotional experience. Both deprivation-induced locomotor hyperactivity together with the reduced behavioral response towards a familiar acoustic emotional signal are similar to behavioral disturbances observed in human attachment disorders.

The phenomenon of transgenerational traumatization has currently become widely recognized and described, although the task of disentangling the underlying interactional mechanisms remains a difficult one. These transgenerational mechanisms were first detected in families of the survivors of the Holocaust, but they may be equally prominent in families of parents who have been traumatized in other ways, for example, as victims of child neglect and abuse, as orphaned children, or during military service. In cases in which parents have themselves been subjected to early parental deprivation, one or more children may become projectively identified with a parent's (posttraumatic) “bad child”-self, whereas the parent him/herself has identified with — enacts the role of — the idealized internal “martyr” parent. A case study is presented describing the individual and family therapeutic treatment of a woman who, as a child, had been traumatically separated from her parents.

We have used nonhuman primates to examine developmental and behavioral correlates of CNS serotonergic activity, as measured by concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These studies show that interindividual differences in CNS serotonin turnover rate exhibit traitlike qualities and are stable across time and settings, with interindividual differences in CSF 5-HIAA concentrations showing positive correlations across repeated sampling. Primates with low CNS serotonergic activity exhibit behaviors indicative of impaired impulse control, unrestrained aggression, social isolation, and low social dominance. Maternal and paternal genetic influences play major roles in producing low CNS serotonin functioning, beginning early in life. These genetic influences on serotonin functioning are further influenced by early rearing experiences, particularly parental deprivation.

The important question of childhood psychiatry is: which are the features of personality structure of the child with CD? The analysis of the literature shows that findings in this sphere are extremely contradictory. The authors examined by Szondi Test two groups of children with childhood-onset unsocialized conduct disorder (UCD). The data demonstrate that the child personality structure and dynamics of UCD are connected with parent's deprivation.