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Objective: Marginal alveolar bone loss is one of the key features of periodontitis and can be observed via panoramic radiographs. This study aimed to establish a cascading learning method with deep learning (DL) for precise radiographic bone loss (RBL) measurements at specific tooth positions. Materials and methods: Through the design of two tasks for tooth position recognition and tooth semantic segmentation using the SegFormer model, specific tooth's crown, intrabony portion, and suprabony portion of the roots were obtained. The RBL was subsequently measured by length through these three areas using the principal component analysis (PCA) principal axis. Results: The average intersection over union (IoU) for the tooth position recognition task was 0.8906, with an F1-score of 0.9338. The average IoU for the tooth semantic segmentation task was 0.8465, with an F1-score of 0.9138. When the two tasks were combined, the average IoU was 0.7889, with an F1-score of 0.8674. The correlation coefficient between the RBL prediction results based on the PCA principal axis and the clinicians' measurements exceeded 0.85. Compared to those of the other two methods, the average precision of the predicted RBL was 0.7722, the average sensitivity was 0.7416, and the average F1-score was 0.7444. Conclusions: The method for predicting RBL using DL and PCA produced promising results, offering rapid and reliable auxiliary information for future periodontal disease diagnosis. Clinical relevance: Precise RBL measurements are important for periodontal diagnosis. The proposed RBL-SF can measure RBL at specific tooth positions and assign the bone loss stage. The ability of the RBL-SF to measure RBL at specific tooth positions can guide clinicians to a certain extent in the accurate diagnosis of periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The aim of this study is to determine the atheromatous plaques' prevalence in orthopantomography and their relationship with periodontal disease and missing teeth. Material and Methods. Orthopantomographs of 1,254 patients over 18 years of age from Clínica Arlanza in Lerma, Burgos, were examined between 2017 and 2021. A Planmeca ProOne® orthopantomograph (68 kV, 7 mA, and 10 sg) was used. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Statistics® version 25. The results of the categorical variables were described as frequencies (%). Contingency tables were made with the qualitative variables, and the chi-square test was applied to study the relationship among them. The measure of statistical power used was the relative risk (RR), which was described with its respective 95% confidence interval (CI). Student's t-test was applied to study the relationship between the qualitative variable "presence or absence of atheroma plaque" and the quantitative variable "number of teeth." Results. A 6.2% prevalence of atheroma plaques was obtained from 1,079 selected X-rays. The risk in patients with periodontal disease increased as periodontal disease worsened. The risk in patients with periodontal disease increased as periodontal disease worsened as follows: healthy patients vs. periodontal patients with less than 30% bone loss in radiography: RR 0.434, 95% CI 0.181–1.041, p = 0.053 healthy patients vs. patients with between 30%–60% bone loss: RR 0.177, 95% CI 0.075–0.418, p < 0.05 healthy patients vs. patients with more than 60% bone loss: RR 0.121, 95% CI 0.041–0.355, p < 0.05. Patients with calcifications on their orthopantomograms had a lower mean teeth number (20.9 teeth) compared to patients without calcifications (24 teeth), which was statistically significant, t (1077) = −3.125, p < 0.05. Conclusions. Orthopantomography can be considered a screening method to detect patients at increased cardiovascular risk who are referred for individualized study. It is important to continue research to know the real significance of these findings. Dentists should be aware of the importance of our work in our patients' systemic health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aims to evaluate the accuracy of various mandibular radiomorphometric indices in comparison with DEXA BMD measurements in the diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis based on a meta-analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the indices. PRISMA statement was followed. The materials for analysis were collected in August 2023 by searching three databases: PubMed Central, Web of Science, and Scopus. The selection of studies consisted of three selection stages, and 64 articles were finally obtained. Quality assessment was performed with the QUADAS-2 tool, and the general methodological quality of retrieved studies was low. Statistical analysis was performed based on 2 × 2 tables and estimated sensitivity and specificity were obtained using SROC curves. The most used indices were MCI, MCW and PMI. The best results in detecting reduced BMD obtained for MCW ≤ 3 mm, estimated sensitivity and specificity were 0.712 (95% CI, 0.477–0.870) and 0.804 (95% CI, 0.589–0.921), respectively. The most prone to the risk of bias is the MCI due to the examiner's subjectivism. Radiomorphometric indices of the mandible can be useful as a screening tool to identify patients with low BMD, but should not be used as a diagnostic method. Further research needs to focus on analysing the ability of the indices to detect osteoporosis and also in combination the indices with clinical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel method for real‐time generation of seamless spherical panoramic videos from an omnidirectional multi‐camera system (OMS). Firstly, a multi‐view video alignment model called spherical projection constrained thin‐plate spline (SP‐TPS) was established and estimated using an approximately symmetrical seam‐line, maintaining the structure inconsistency around the seam‐line. Then, a look‐up table was designed to support real‐time processing of video re‐projection, video dodging and seam‐line updates. In the table, the overlapping areas in OMS multi‐view videos, the seam‐lines between spherical panoramas and OMS multi‐view videos and the pixel coordinate mapping relationship between spherical panoramas and OMS multi‐view videos were pre‐stored as a whole. Finally, a spherical panoramic video was outputted in real‐time through look‐up table computation under an ordinary GPU processor. The experiments were conducted on multi‐view video taken by "1 + 4" and "1 + 7" OMS, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with four state‐of‐the‐art methods reported in the literature and two bits of commercial software for video stitching, the proposed method excels in eliminating visual artefacts and demonstrates superior adaptability to scenes with varying depths of field. Assuming that OMS is not movable in the scene, this method can generate seamless spherical panoramic videos with a resolution of 8 K in real time, which is of great value to the surveillance field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of a commercially available Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) in describing and establishing differential diagnoses for radiolucent lesions in panoramic radiographs. Materials and methods: Twenty-eight panoramic radiographs, each containing a single radiolucent lesion, were evaluated in consensus by three examiners and a commercially available ChatGPT-3.5 model. They provided descriptions regarding internal structure (radiodensity, loculation), periphery (margin type, cortication), shape, location (bone, side, region, teeth/structures), and effects on adjacent structures (effect, adjacent structure). Diagnostic impressions related to origin, behavior, and nature were also provided. The GPT program was additionally prompted to provide differential diagnoses. Keywords used by the GPT program were compared to those used by the examiners and scored as 0 (incorrect), 0.5 (partially correct), or 1 (correct). Mean score values and standard deviation were calculated for each description. Performance in establishing differential diagnoses was assessed using Rank-1, -2, and − 3. Results: Descriptions of margination, affected bone, and origin received the highest scores: 0.93, 0.93, and 0.87, respectively. Shape, region, teeth/structures, effect, affected region, and nature received considerably lower scores ranging from 0.22 to 0.50. Rank-1, -2, and − 3 demonstrated accuracy in 25%, 57.14%, and 67.85% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: The performance of the GPT program in describing and providing differential diagnoses for radiolucent lesions in panoramic radiographs is variable and at this stage limited in its use for clinical application. Clinical relevance: Understanding the potential role of GPT systems as an auxiliary tool in image interpretation is imperative to validate their clinical applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biometric system is used to identify and authenticate a person based on the information, which are unique biological traits to work effectively. Physiological biometrics such as fingerprint, face, iris, etc., provide reliable information for human identification. However, most of these cannot be used in the case of identifying a person after a disaster. In this paper a dental biometric technique is presented based on dental radiographs and photographs. It is aimed to obtain casualty identification with photographs, in circumstances where radiographs are unavailable. Here, it is proposed to improve the shape extraction performance by using shape descriptors and skeleton. The obtained data from the test image are compared with the set of database images and the best match is obtained for authentication. An improved nodal-based matching is proposed with both dental radiographs and photographs to improve the matching rate. The final matching is carried out with both the shape information and nodal graphs obtained. The hit rate obtained is comparable with the existing algorithm with a rank −1 accuracy of 78%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to test the reliability of a modified magnification method for determining the position of an impacted canine from a single panoramic radiograph. This retrospective study evaluated 114 panoramic radiographs showing 136 impacted maxillary canines. The widths of the impacted canines, contralateral erupted canines, and ipsilateral maxillary incisors were measured, and ratios for the canine-incisor index (CII) and canine-canine index (CCI) were calculated. The impacted canines were also classified according to their location in the vertical plane (apical, middle, or coronal zone) relative to the contralateral central incisor. Continuous data were analyzed for normal distribution, and logistic and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure with a false discovery rate of 0.05 was used to account for multiple testing. The intrarater reliability was excellent for impacted canine, central incisor, and contralateral canine measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.9). The CII and vertical zone were strong predictors of an impacted canine position with clinically useful sensitivity and specificity values (0.69 and 0.74, respectively, based on an area under the curve concordance statistic of 0.75). A predictive range was evident for the CII of palatally (1.10-1.39) and buccally (0.90-1.19) impacted canines in the middle and coronal zones, respectively. The occurrence of palatal or buccal positioning was not significantly associated with the CCI (P = 0.2). The CII and vertical zone identified from a single panoramic radiograph can be used to determine the buccopalatal position of an impacted canine, with more reliability if the impacted canine crown is in the middle or coronal zone of the contralateral central incisor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disorder characterized by osteopenia and bone fragility. Considering that orthopantomography is a routine diagnostic test in growing patients, it can be used to analyze bone density in these patients. The study sample consisted of 21 child patients diagnosed with OI, under medical treatment with antiresorptives and for whom orthopantomography was available, analyzed and compared with 20 healthy children. The panoramic radiographs were analyzed and the radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimension were measured after first selecting the areas of interest to be studied. The results showed that fractal dimension of the basal cortical bone was lower in the study group, and MCW was lower in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. In addition, MCW and fractal dimension were lower with higher number of treatment cycles received. In light of the results obtained, we can conclude that panoramic radiography can be useful in analyzing changes in bone mineral density in these patients throughout the course of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormalities commonly encountered in dental practice include tooth and supporting tissue issues such as caries, periapical abnormalities, resorption, and impacted third molars. Panoramic radiographs are frequently used for image scanning in dentistry and oral surgery. Diagnosing dental anomalies can be time-consuming due to the complexity of the orthodontic area, potentially leading to inaccuracies. This research proposes an end-to-end automated detection of dental and supporting tissue anomalies in patients, encompassing cavities, periapical lesions, resorption, and impacted third molars. This study evaluated the effectiveness of employing various pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network architectures, including ResNet-50, ResNeXt-50 32×4d, Inception-V3, and EfficientNet-V2. To enhance model performance, a batch normalization technique was integrated into the classification layer of these pre-trained models. Data pre-processing techniques, including horizontal and vertical flips, as well as random affine transformations, were applied to augment the dataset. Additionally, an image normalization procedure was implemented before the training and prediction phases. In the evaluation on 202 images, the integrated ResNeXt-50 32x4d model with batch normalization achieved the highest accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of 83.663%, 81.615%, 81.271%, and 81.066%, respectively. Based on the F1-score, this model demonstrates promising predictions of tooth and supporting tissue anomalies in an imbalanced dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypodontia represents a notable clinical and public health concern. Objective: To assess the prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in a sample of orthodontic/dental patients of Caucasian origin originating from the Greek island of Lesvos. Materials and Methods: Panoramic X-rays from 621 children and adolescents, aged 9 to 16 years (average age 12.5 years), 521 seeking orthodontic care (orthodontic group) and 100 seeking dental care (non-orthodontic group) were examined to identify congenitally missing permanent teeth. Results: The orthodontic group exhibited a 5.5% prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth (2.8% females; 2.7% males), while the non-orthodontic group showed a prevalence of 4% (3% females; 1% males). The descending order of prevalence for missing tooth types was as follows: lower second premolars, upper laterals, lower central incisors, lower canines, upper second premolars, and lower second molars. Among orthodontic patients with missing teeth, 62% presented with an Angle's Class II malocclusion. Hypodontia was most frequently observed in the mandible. No statistically significant differences were observed between the orthodontic and non-orthodontic groups in terms of the percentage of children and types of congenitally missing teeth. Conclusions: Congenitally missing teeth were observed in about 4–5% of the studied population with a female predilection. The lower second premolar was the most commonly absent tooth, followed by the maxillary lateral incisors. An Angle's Class II malocclusion was present in the majority of orthodontic patients with hypodontia, mostly in the mandible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panoramic radiography (OPG) evaluates mandibular third molar impaction (MTMI). This systematic review aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of OPG in detecting bone loss distal to the lower second molars. The associated bone loss with different impaction positions and the most prevalent positions of MTMI were investigated as secondary outcomes. In January 2023, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched to identify studies published between January 2012 and January 2023. Two examiners blindly selected the eligible studies for data extraction and quality assessment. Of 427 studies, 8 were suitable for data extraction. All studies reported bone loss distal to the second molar using OPG, ranging from 4.9 to 62.9%. The most frequent position of MTMI is mesioangular. The distal bone loss in the vertical and horizontal positions is statistically significant compared to typically positioned third molars and those that are fully erupted or impacted, but in a normal orientation (p-value 0.005 and 0.02, respectively). Bone loss was not statistically significant in the mesioangular position compared to other impacted positions (p-value 0.14). The risk of bias ranges between 66 and 88%. Despite its limitations, OPG is still considered a valuable tool to assess bone loss distal to the lower second molar in cases of an impacted mandibular third molar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Panoramic radiographs (PRs) are used in the detection and diagnosis of developmental dental anomalies and pathologies (DDAPs) in children. Aim: The primary objective of this observational cohort study was to evaluate the age‐based prevalence of DDAP on PRs, whereas the secondary objective was to determine a threshold age for the detection of DDAP to provide supportive evidence for the prescription of PR in paediatric dental practice. Design: The study examined diagnostic PRs from 581 subjects aged 6 to 19 years. All PRs were reviewed by experienced, calibrated, masked examiners for the identification or presence of anomalies in size, shape, position, structure, and other developmental anomalies and pathologies (ODAP) of the face–neck region in a standardized condition. The data were statistically analyzed for interpretation. Results: Overall, 74% (n = 411) of the cohort had at least one anomaly (shape anomaly: 12%, number anomaly: 17%, positional anomaly: 28%, structural anomaly: 0%, and ODAP: 63%). The optimal Youden index cutoff for any anomaly was 9 years. Twelve and 15 years also showed predictive ability. Conclusion: The results suggest that PRs should be prescribed at ages 9, 12, and 15 years for the diagnosis of DDAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To investigate the management of imaging errors from panoramic radiography (PAN) datasets used in the development of machine learning (ML) models. Methods This systematic literature followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and used three databases. Keywords were selected from relevant literature. Eligibility criteria PAN studies that used ML models and mentioned image quality concerns. Results Out of 400 articles, 41 papers satisfied the inclusion criteria. All the studies used ML models, with 35 papers using deep learning (DL) models. PAN quality assessment was approached in 3 ways: acknowledgement and acceptance of imaging errors in the ML model, removal of low-quality radiographs from the dataset before building the model, and application of image enhancement methods prior to model development. The criteria for determining PAN image quality varied widely across studies and were prone to bias. Conclusions This study revealed significant inconsistencies in the management of PAN imaging errors in ML research. However, most studies agree that such errors are detrimental when building ML models. More research is needed to understand the impact of low-quality inputs on model performance. Prospective studies may streamline image quality assessment by leveraging DL models, which excel at pattern recognition tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare the morphometrics of permanent maxillary central incisors with and without eruption disturbances, while simultaneously evaluating prognosis based on different factors. Materials and Methods: Seventy patients with unilateral permanent maxillary central incisor eruption disturbances were included. Within a group of 70 subjects, measurements were taken for both normally erupted central incisors and central incisors with eruption disturbances to determine the length of the roots and the volume of the teeth. Various factors, such as angulation of impaction, and vertical height of impaction, were assessed to investigate their correlation with surgical intervention. Results: Both the root length and tooth volume were significantly smaller in the eruption disturbance incisors than in the normally erupted incisors (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, there was a statistically significant increase in surgical intervention among cases with no clear physical barrier (primary retention) (p < 0.05) or when adjacent normally erupted central incisors exhibited more than 2/3 of root development (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study numerically demonstrated the delayed tooth development of the permanent maxillary central incisors with unilateral eruption disturbances compared to appropriately erupted incisors by measuring root length and tooth volume. The absence of obstacles and the degree of root development in adjacent erupted incisors might serve as factors for clinicians to determine the necessity and timing of surgical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this study was to propose a deep-learning model for the detection of the mandibular canal on dental panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: A total of 2,100 panoramic radiographs (PANs) were collected from 3 different machines: RAYSCAN Alpha (n=700, PAN A), OP-100 (n=700, PAN B), and CS8100 (n=700, PAN C). Initially, an oral and maxillofacial radiologist coarsely annotated the mandibular canals. For deep learning analysis, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) utilizing U-Net architecture were employed for automated canal segmentation. Seven independent networks were trained using training sets representing all possible combinations of the 3 groups. These networks were then assessed using a hold-out test dataset. Results: Among the 7 networks evaluated, the network trained with all 3 available groups achieved an average precision of 90.6%, a recall of 87.4%, and a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 88.9%. The 3 networks trained using each of the 3 possible 2-group combinations also demonstrated reliable performance for mandibular canal segmentation, as follows: 1) PAN A and B exhibited a mean DSC of 87.9%, 2) PAN A and C displayed a mean DSC of 87.8%, and 3) PAN B and C demonstrated a mean DSC of 88.4%. Conclusion: This multi-device study indicated that the examined CNN-based deep learning approach can achieve excellent canal segmentation performance, with a DSC exceeding 88%. Furthermore, the study highlighted the importance of considering the characteristics of panoramic radiographs when developing a robust deep-learning network, rather than depending solely on the size of the dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This report presents a unique case featuring real, ghost, and pseudo-ghost images on the panoramic radiograph of a patient wearing earrings. It also explains the formation of these images in an easy-to-understand manner. Materials and Methods: One real image and two ghost images appeared on each side of a panoramic radiograph of a patient wearing earrings on both sides. Of the two ghost images on each side, one was considered a typical ghost image and the other was considered a ghost-like real image (pseudo-ghost image). The formation zones of the real, double, and ghost images were examined based on the path and angles of the X-ray beam from the Planmeca ProMax. To simulate the pseudo-ghost and typical ghost images on panoramic radiography, a radiopaque marker was affixed to the right mandibular condyle of a dry mandible, and the position of the mandible was adjusted accordingly. Results: The center of rotation of the Planmeca ProMax extended beyond the jaw area, and the area of double image formation also reached beyond the jaw. The radiopaque-marked mandibular condyle, situated in the outwardly extending area of double image formation, exhibited triple images consisting of real, double (pseudo-ghost), and ghost images. These findings helped to explain the image formation associated with the patient's earrings observed in the panoramic radiograph. Conclusion: Dentists must understand the characteristics and principles of the panoramic equipment they use and apply this understanding to taking and interpreting panoramic radiographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk Dental Journal is the property of Selcuk Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk Dental Journal is the property of Selcuk Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The mandibular third molar is the most frequently impacted tooth. An impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM) can have negative consequences on the adjacent mandibular second molar (MSM), such as bone loss. An IMTM can be identified using orthopantomography (OPG). Our objective is to compare changes in bone level distal to the mandibular second molar (MSM) in patients with an extracted IMTM versus non-extracted IMTM using OPG. Methods: In this retrospective case–control study, 160 orthopantomograms (OPGs) of 80 patients who attended Dental Hospital of the University of Barcelona (HOUB) were randomly selected. Participants were stratified into a study group and control group. Results: Males and females experienced bone gain in the study group and bone loss in the control group. However, the difference in bone-level change was not statistically significant regarding gender in the study group. Within the study group, the age group of 29–39 years demonstrated significant (p-value = 0.042) bone gain after extraction compared to other age groups. However, the control group demonstrated bone loss in all age groups in which the difference is not statistically significant (p-value 0.794). Conclusions: Bone improvements distal to the MSM were observed after the extraction of an IMTM compared to when an IMTM was not extracted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the trueness of digital measurements using direct and indirect scanning approaches compared to the actual clinical measurements. Materials and Methods: The crown length, width, and width/length ratio were measured in 36 anterior maxillary teeth using three different methods. The first was clinically using a digital caliper, the second was by scanning the teeth using a digital scanner and the third was by making an impression of the teeth, constructing a stone cast in the lab, and scanning it to obtain digital measurements. Bland–Altman test and intraclass correlation were used to assess the data and make comparisons. Results: Measurements taken using both approaches were highly reliable, with intraclass correlations ranging from 0.934 to 0.977 (p ≤ 0.000). Bland–Altman plot reflected a minimal mean difference between measurements especially in crown width measurements. Crown width/crown length measurement displayed the highest mean difference. Conclusions: Both direct and indirect optical surface scans showed similar high trueness in linear measurements of teeth. A higher discrepancy was detected in the crown width/length ratio. Clinical Significance: Digital dentistry is the new era in patient management. The use of conventional impression techniques and physical dental casts is associated with several disadvantages. Scanning dental casts to convert physical records into digital ones has multiple advantages. Optical surface scans (digital models) of the dentition are currently being more broadly used and advocated in the different dental disciplines including the construction of surgical guides for esthetic crown lengthening procedures. The trueness and reliability of linear measurements are of paramount importance to allow for proper fit and predictable outcomes. In this study, the trueness of these linear measurements obtained using direct and indirect methods was compared to the actual clinical measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Poor oral health and dental infections can jeopardize medical treatment and be life-threatening. Due to this, patients with head and neck malignancies, generalized tumor spread, organ transplant, or severe infection are referred for a clinical oral and radiographic examination. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic agreement of three radiographic modalities: intraoral radiographs (IO), panoramic radiographs (PX), and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for diagnosis of dental diseases. Materials and methods: Three hundred patients were examined with IO, PX, and CBCT. Periapical lesions, marginal bone level, and caries lesions were diagnosed separately by four oral radiologists. All observers also assessed six teeth in 30 randomly selected patients at two different occasions. Kappa values and percent agreement were calculated. Results: The highest Kappa value and percent agreement were for diagnosing periapical lesions (0.76, 97.7%), and for the assessment of marginal bone level, it varied between 0.58 and 0.60 (87.8–89.3%). In CBCT, only 44.4% of all teeth were assessable for caries (Kappa 0.68, 93.4%). The intra-observer agreement, for all modalities and diagnoses, showed Kappa values between 0.5 and 0.93 and inter-observer agreement varied from 0.51 to 0.87. Conclusions: CBCT was an alternative to IO in diagnosing periapical lesions. Both modalities found the same healthy teeth in 93.8%. All modalities were performed equally regarding marginal bone level. In caries diagnosis, artifacts were the major cause of fallout for CBCT. Clinical relevance: Intraoral radiography is the first-hand choice for diagnosing dental disease. For some rare cases where intraoral imaging is not possible, a dedicated panoramic image and/or CBCT examination is an alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Early detection of bone loss is an effective strategy for preventing osteoporosis. In this study, we used routine dental panoramic radiography to examine the relationship between oral health and bone mineral density (BMD) and ultimately establish panoramic radiography as a useful screening tool for BMD. Methods: A total of 226 patients (35–80 years of age, mean age: 65.6 years) receiving treatment at Puzi Hospital were included in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected on the patients’ medical history, BMD of the femoral neck, panoramic radiography results, masticatory test results, Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) scores, plaque index, body mass index (BMI), serum calcium levels, and 24-hour dietary recall. Linear regression, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: Being male and having a high GOHAI score were significantly and positively associated with mandibular cortical thickness but significantly negatively associated with mandibular cortical index C3. After adjusting for heart disease and bone fracture history, young adult, wider mandibular cortical thickness and index C1, high BMI, and high serum calcium were all found to be significantly positively associated with BMD of the femoral neck. Conclusions: Panoramic radiography is highly accessible and convenient and enables the timely detection of potential bone loss, thereby encouraging individuals to become more vigilant and willing to undergo more detailed examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maxillary sinus pneumatization is a physiological process that can adversely affect bone availability for further dental rehabilitation. If a relation between the thickness of the mandibular cortex and maxillary sinus pneumatization is proven, future bone availability can be deducted. In this cross-sectional study, 85 panoramic radiographs were evaluated. All patients were between 19 and 70, had at least lost a second premolar, first molar, or second molar on one side of the maxilla, and had these teeth on the other side. Four lines were digitally drawn on the radiographs to determine the superior and inferior borders of the sinus on both sides. The amount of inferior sinus border progression was deducted using the digitally-measured lines' ratios. The following tests were done using IBM SPSS ver. 24: Pearson's correlation coefficient test, Tukey's dual comparison posthoc test, One-way ANOVA test, and the independent T-test (p = 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the inferior mandibular cortex's thickness and the maxillary sinus's pneumatization (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between maxilla sinus pneumatization in the second premolar, first, and second molar areas based on the inferior mandibular cortex's thickness (p = 0.009). Based on the present study, there is a significant relationship between the thickness of the inferior mandibular cortex and maxillary sinus pneumatization, especially for women and patients above 40 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective : The maxilla is formed by the medial nasal and maxillary processes fusion. The dental lamina develops from 2 origins connecting in the lateral incisor. The maxillary lateral incisor region is often affected by dental anomalies and clefting. It is possible that genes involved in oral cleft could also be associated with a variety of phenotypic variations in the maxillary lateral incisor. In this phenotype–genotype study, we explored the association between polymorphisms in the oral-cleft-related genes BMP2 and BMP4 and root curvature of maxillary lateral incisors. Design : Cross-sectional study. Settings : Universities and private clinics. Patients, Participants : Panoramic radiographs and DNA from 231 patients were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures : Schneider method (1971) was applied to estimate the degree of root curvature of the maxillary lateral incisors and to classify the root as straight (5° or less) or curved (higher than 5°). Genetic polymorphisms in BMP2 (rs235768 and rs1005464) and BMP4 (rs17563) were genotyped. Statistical analysis was performed. Results : A total of 401 teeth (199 left and 202 right) were evaluated. Genetic analysis demonstrated trends toward association for the rs1005464 in BMP2 (P =.025) in co-dominant model and in dominant model (P =.026) for left incisors. The rs235768 in BMP2 showed trends toward association with the degree of root curvature in left incisors in the recessive model (P =.031). rs17563 in BMP4 also showed trends toward association with the degree of the root curvature in left incisors (P =.019). Conclusion : BMP2 (rs235768 and rs1005464) and BMP4 (rs17563) might be involved in maxillary lateral incisor root curvature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental age is crucial for treatment planning in pediatric and orthodontic dentistry. Dental age calculation methods can be categorized into morphological, biochemical, and radiological methods. Radiological methods are commonly used because they are non-invasive and reproducible. When radiographs are available, dental age can be calculated by evaluating the developmental stage of permanent teeth and converting it into an estimated age using a table, or by measuring the length between some landmarks such as the tooth, root, or pulp, and substituting them into regression formulas. However, these methods heavily depend on manual time-consuming processes. In this study, we proposed a novel and completely automatic dental age calculation method using panoramic radiographs and deep learning techniques. Methods: Overall, 8,023 panoramic radiographs were used as training data for Scaled-YOLOv4 to detect dental germs and mean average precision were evaluated. In total, 18,485 single-root and 16,313 multi-root dental germ images were used as training data for EfficientNetV2 M to classify the developmental stages of detected dental germs and Top-3 accuracy was evaluated since the adjacent stages of the dental germ looks similar and the many variations of the morphological structure can be observed between developmental stages. Scaled-YOLOv4 and EfficientNetV2 M were trained using cross-validation. We evaluated a single selection, a weighted average, and an expected value to convert the probability of developmental stage classification to dental age. One hundred and fifty-seven panoramic radiographs were used to compare automatic and manual human experts' dental age calculations. Results: Dental germ detection was achieved with a mean average precision of 98.26% and dental germ classifiers for single and multi-root were achieved with a Top-3 accuracy of 98.46% and 98.36%, respectively. The mean absolute errors between the automatic and manual dental age calculations using single selection, weighted average, and expected value were 0.274, 0.261, and 0.396, respectively. The weighted average was better than the other methods and was accurate by less than one developmental stage error. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the feasibility of automatic dental age calculation using panoramic radiographs and a two-stage deep learning approach with a clinically acceptable level of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental anomalies are common disorders in clinical practice. Their frequency prevents the normal positioning of other teeth within the arch resulting in occlusal changes and facial growth. Early diagnosis and intervention reduce complications. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies according to frequency, distribution and gender status. As a secondary outcome, the study examined the correlation between dental anomalies and skeletal malocclusions in the sagittal direction. Material and method: the study includes 100 patients of both sexes. Through intraoral clinical examination, orthopantomography analysis and study models, dental abnormalities were evaluated according to groups (number, size, shape, position and structure of teeth); gender and affected teeth in the maxilla and mandible. In lateral cephalometric, the skeletal ratio was analyzed in the posterior-anterior direction where the ANB angle was determined as class I malocclusion (from 2º to 4º), class II malocclusion (> 4º) and class III malocclusion (< 2º). Conclusion: rotation and inclination were the most frequent 50 (50.0%) and the rarest were 5 (5.0%) concrescence and dens invaginatus 5 (5.0%). Of the patients, 51 (51.0%) had two dental anomalies, 24 (24.0%) had three dental anomalies, 14 (14.0%) had one dental anomaly. Hypodontia 5 (62.5%) and microdontia 4 (50.0%) were associated with skeletal class III, a statistically significant association was observed for p< 0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radiomorphometric indices measured on Dental Panoramic Radiography (DPR) can reflect Bone Mineral Density (BMD). The aim of our study is to evaluate changes in DPR radiographic markers in patients undergoing antiresorptive therapy with denosumab and correlate them to BMD and serum bone turnover markers (BTM). Methods: We evaluated two radiomorphometric indices: Mandibular Cortical Width (MCW) and Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI), in patients undergoing antiresorptive therapy with denosumab at T0 (before starting the therapy) and at T1 (after 12 months), comparing results with a control group of healthy patients who performed two DPRs at a one-year time distance. Correlation analysis was performed in the denosumab group, as well as ROC curves were obtained for both indices. Results: The study included 18 patients and 21 controls according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, matched by gender and age. Both MCW and PMI were significantly lower at T0 in the denosumab group, consistently with lower BMD. MCW showed significant correlation with femoral and lumbar DEXA and was significantly lower in patients with osteoporosis compared to osteopenia. Only PMI index increased significantly in the denosumab group from T0 to T1. After one year (T1), there weren't any differences between patients and controls for both indices. No significant correlations were found with BTMs. Sensitivity and specificity for MCW and PMI were also calculated. Conclusions: Our results show how CMW shows sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be used as a radiographic marker to screen and intercept patients with osteoporosis. PMI seems to be able to reflect changes in response to antiresorptive therapy with denosumab. Further studies are needed to confirm our hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In clinical practice, diagnosis of suspected carious lesions is verified by using conventional dental radiography (DR), including panoramic radiography (OPT), bitewing imaging, and dental X-ray. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for caries visualization. Fourteen patients with clinically suspected carious lesions, verified by standardized dental examination including DR and OPT, were imaged with 3D isotropic T2-weighted STIR (short tau inversion recovery) and T1 FFE Black bone sequences. Intensities of dental caries, hard tissue and pulp were measured and calculated as aSNR (apparent signal to noise ratio) and aHTMCNR (apparent hard tissue to muscle contrast to noise ratio) in both sequences. Imaging findings were then correlated to clinical examination results. In STIR as well as in T1 FFE black bone images, aSNR and aHTMCNR was significantly higher in carious lesions than in healthy hard tissue (p < 0.001). Using water-sensitive STIR sequence allowed for detecting significantly lower aSNR and aHTMCNR in carious teeth compared to healthy teeth (p = 0.01). The use of MRI for the detection of caries is a promising imaging technique that may complement clinical exams and traditional imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies regarding salivary biochemical parameters and dental caries in adult people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are scanty. Aim: To investigate salivary biochemical parameters and dental caries in adult PLWHA who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and compare the findings with people negative for HIV infection. Methods: The study included 50 HIV positive individuals as a test group (TG) and 50 HIV negative individuals as a control group (CG). Dental examination was performed according to WHO guidelines to assess DMFT. Digital panoramic radiographs were taken to detect additional infectious foci. Non-stimulated saliva was collected between 9 and 12 a. m for 5 min to evaluate 18 biochemical parameters and salivary flow rate (SFR). Parametric and non parametric tests were used according to data distribution. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05%. Results: Patients' mean ages and M/F sex ratios for TG and CG were 38.80 ± 9.69 y/o. vs. 37.98 ± 13.47 y/o. and 3.54 vs. 2.33, respectively. Higher means of decayed teeth were recorded in TG, 4.47 ± 3.00 vs. 3.88 ± 2.81 in CG with no significant difference (p = 0.41). Means of filled teeth were significantly lower in TG 2.38 ± 2.16 vs. 4.16 ± 3.35 in CG (p = 0.01), respectively. No statistical significant difference was noted in DMFT indices between the 2 groups (8.04 ± 6.90 vs. 8.52 ± 6.24, p = 0.71). The following salivary parameters were significantly lower in TG compared to CG, respectively: mean SFR 0.44 ± 0.18 ml/min vs. 0.61 ± 0.26 ml/min; median levels of sodium and chlorides, 4 mmol/L and 13.5 mmol/L vs. 9 mmol/L and 19 mmol/L (p < 0.001) and uric acid, 103.50 mmol/L vs. 163 (p = 0.009). However, higher median levels were recorded with calcium, 1.09 mmol/L vs. 0.54 (p < 0.001) and sIgA 23 mg/dl vs. 5 mg/dl (p < 0.001). In TG, a positive correlation was found between DC, potassium, urea, and chlorides (p < 0.05). Salivary renal and hepatic biomarkers were comparable between the two groups. Conclusions: PLWHA have shown an alteration in some salivary parameters, more decayed teeth and less filled teeth. Preventive measures should be implemented to lower dental caries and enhance accessibility to oral care services. In addition, saliva can be utilized to monitor oral and general health status among PLWHA on ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a chronic disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. Idiopathic minimal-change disease is the most common form encountered in children. Corticosteroids are the cornerstone for the treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), with different regimens depending on the response to therapy and frequency of relapses. This case report presents complications after implant treatment in patient with INS. Case presentation: 20 years old female patient presented for implant consultation. Medical history includes INS since early childhood, and she is on different medications to control her condition, including long-term steroid use. Dental history revealed that implant treatment was unsuccessful after multiple attempts. She presented with an implant on the area of lower left first mandibular molar, that shows increased mobility and radiolucency on radiographic examination. A diagnosis of implant failure was made, the implant was removed, and the area was cleaned and sutured. The patient decided to replace her missing teeth with fixed partial denture and was referred for prosthodontist. The potential adverse effect of steroid use and the possible underlying mechanism that could affect bone metabolism and implants osseointegration are reviewed. Conclusion: Clinical practice guidelines are needed for the management of dental implants in chronic steroid users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Very recently, a significant relationship between tonsilloliths and dental plaque-related pathologies was reported using digital panoramic radiographs. Their dynamics over time suggest that tonsilloliths may be in a permanently active phase that functions to remove foreign matter. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the occurrence of tonsilloliths and the extent of periodontitis. Methods: A total of 608 patients who underwent both CT and panoramic radiographs were included in the study. Both of two imaging were retrospectively and independently assessed with respect to the presence of tonsilloliths detected on CT and panoramic radiographs, and bone defects caused by periodontitis detected on panoramic radiographs. The type of retrospective study is case-control. Then, the differences between age groups were evaluated with respect to the degree of bone resorption and its correlation with the presence of tonsilloliths. The relationships between categorical variables were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient or Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: There was a significant relationship between tonsilloliths on CT and the extent of the bone defect on panoramic radiographs (Spearman's correlation coefficient, r = 0.648, p = 0.043). In addition, there was a significant difference in the extent of the bone defect caused by periodontitis between subjects with and without tonsilloliths in the 60 to 69-year-old group (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.025), 70 to 79-year-old group (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.002), and 80 to 89-year-old group (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.022), but not in other age groups (Mann-Whitney U test: under 9-year-old group, p = 1.000; 10 to 19-year-old group, p = 1.000; 20 to 29-year-old group, p = 0.854; 30 to 39-year-old group, p = 0.191, 40 to 49-year-old group, p = 0.749; 50 to 59-year-old group, p = 0.627; ≥90-year-old group, p = 1.000). Conclusions: The presence of tonsilloliths was related to the extent of periodontitis because the structures were responding dynamically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore associations between root filled teeth, primary and secondary apical periodontitis, and levels of inflammatory markers in blood from patients with a first myocardial infarction and matched controls. Methodology: Between May 2010 and February 2014, 805 patients with a first myocardial infarction and 805 controls, matched for sex, age, and postal code area, were recruited to the multicentre case–control study PAROKRANK (periodontitis and its relation to coronary artery disease). All participants underwent a physical and oral examination, as well as blood sampling. Using panoramic radiography, root filled teeth, primary apical periodontitis, and secondary apical periodontitis were assessed by three independent observers. Blood samples were analysed with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method for the following inflammatory markers: interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐12p70, tumour necrosis factor‐α, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP). Additionally, white blood cell count and plasma‐fibrinogen were analysed. Associations between endodontic variables and the levels of inflammatory markers were statistically analysed with Mann–Whitney U‐test and Spearman correlation, adjusted for confounding effects of baseline factors (sex, age, myocardial infarction, current smoking, diabetes, family history of cardiovascular disease, education, marital status, and periodontal disease). Results: Mean age of the cohort was 62 years, and 81% were males. Root fillings were present in 8.4% of the 39 978 examined teeth and were associated with higher levels of hsCRP, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count, but lower levels of IL‐2 and IL‐12p70. After adjusting for confounders, root filled teeth remained associated with higher levels of fibrinogen, but lower levels of IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, and IL‐12p70. Primary apical periodontitis was found in 1.2% of non‐root filled teeth and associated with higher levels of IL‐8 (correlation 0.06, p =.025). Secondary apical periodontitis was found in 29.6% of root filled teeth but did not relate to the levels of any of the inflammatory markers. Conclusions: This study supports the notion that inflammation at the periapex is more than a local process and that systemic influences cannot be disregarded. Whether the observed alterations in plasma levels of inflammatory markers have any dismal effects on systemic health is presently unknown but, considering the present results, in demand of further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of calcified atherosclerotic plaques (CAPs) incidentally encountered in the carotid artery within panoramic radiography (PR) images. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,200 patients (646 females, 554 males) referred to our clinic in January 2022 and January 2023 was included. CAPs within PRs were assessed, with data stratified by gender, age, and systemic conditions. Statistical analysis employed descriptive statistics and chi-square tests (p<0.05). Results: Among the 1200 patients, 251 CAPs (20.92%) were detected, with 128 (50.1%) occurring in females and 123 (49.9%) in males. The gender-based analysis demonstrated no statistically significant disparity in CAPs occurrence. Conversely, a statistically significant difference was detecdet in the frequency of CAPs between age groups and systemic conditions (p<0.05). Conclusion: Panoramic radiography, routinely used in dental practice, offers a costeffective, low-radiation means for preliminary CAPs assessment. Dental practitioners should consider referring patients with identified CAPs in PRs to cardiology departments, potentially reducing stroke risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, we examined the mandibular trabecular bone structures by performing fractal dimension (FD) analysis in patients who underwent renal transplantation (RTx). Methods: Our study is an observational study with 69 RTx patients and 35 control group patients. The mean FD values of the patient and control groups were calculated and compared. In addition, biochemical parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and vitamin‐D parameters and FD values of both groups were analyzed. Results: FD values were significantly lower in the patient group than in the healthy group (p <.05). In the RTx group compared to the control group, ALP (90.71 ± 34.25–66.54 ± 16.8, respectively) (p <.001) and PTH (75.76 ± 38.01–38.17 ± 12.39, respectively) (p <.001) values were higher. There was a positive correlation between the FD values and ALP (rspearman =.305, p =.011) and a negative correlation between FD values and vitamin‐D (rspearman =.287, p =.017) of patients with RTx. Conclusion: FD values were found to be lower in patients who underwent RTx compared to the control group. It should be considered that FD analysis can be a method that can be used to evaluate trabecular bone structure in patients undergoing RTx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome or basal cell nevi syndrome is an ectodermal neoplasia of autosomal dominant inheritance. It is a multisystem disease with a prevalence of 1 case per 57 000 to 150 000 people. It predominates in patients between the second and third decade of life, with a predilection for the male sex., Iit's characterized by the presence of multiple basal cell nevus carcinomas, development of odontogenic keratocystic and palmo-plantar pits or dimples and calcification of the falx brain. Odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) occur in more than 80% of cases of patients with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS). OKC can present as the first sign of GGS. Approximately 65% of cases affect the mandible, with high frequency in the molar and ramus region. A clinical case is presented of a 35-year-old male patient with a current condition of missing teeth. Physical examination revealed syndromic facies. Orthopantomography is requested, observing multiple radiolucent areas of various sizes as well as retained dental organs, so vacuum puncture and incisional biopsy were taken.; Histopathological result: odontogenic keratocyst and suspicion of GGS because the patient meets the major and minor criteria; complementary studies were requested to confirm the diagnosis. Enucleation of cystic lesions with peripheral ostectomy, extraction of retained and excision of the skin lesion was performed under general anesthesia. After one year, the healing process and bone regeneration was observed without signs of recurrence. The patient was kept under control and monitored by our service with annual appointments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extended field-of-view ultrasound (US) imaging, also known as panoramic US, represents a technical advance that allows for complete visualization of large musculoskeletal structures, which are often limited in conventional 2D US images. Currently, there is no evidence examining whether the experience of examiners influences muscle shape deformations that may arise during the glide of the transducer in panoramic US acquisition. As no studies using panoramic US have analyzed whether two examiners with differing levels of experience might obtain varying scores in size, shape, or brightness during the US assessment of the rectus femoris muscle, our aim was to analyze the inter-examiner reliability of panoramic US imaging acquisition in determining muscle size, shape, and brightness between two examiners. Additionally, we sought to investigate whether the examiners' experience plays a significant role in muscle deformations during imaging acquisition by assessing score differences. Shape (circularity, aspect ratio, and roundness), size (cross-sectional area and perimeter), and brightness (mean echo intensity) were analyzed in 39 volunteers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurements (SEM), minimal detectable changes (MDC), and coefficient of absolute errors (CAE%) were calculated. All parameters evaluated showed no significant differences between the two examiners (p > 0.05). Panoramic US proved to be reliable, regardless of examiner experience, as no deformations were observed. Further research is needed to corroborate the validity of panoramic US by comparing this method with gold standard techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Sinus extension is a physiological process that occurs in the growth cells of the paranasal sinuses and leads to increasing their volume over time, causing challenges in the dental implant process. This study was conducted to evaluate maxillary sinus morphometrics by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the CBCT images of 100 people (52 male and 48 female) with a mean age of 45.32 ± 17.41 and the age range of 27 to 63 years referring to an oral and maxillofacial specialized radiology clinic in Babol, Iran during 2019. The amount of maxillary sinus extension in the panoramic-like view was recorded based on the amount of its extension in terms of the first anterior tooth and the last posterior tooth. In the new net technologies (NNT) software, in the section related to creating panoramic-like views, first, in the axial sections, the starting point of the maxillary sinus was specified from the occlusal side, and the mediolateral dimensions were measured at distances of 3 mm above and 3 mm below. Results: The highest amount of maxillary sinus progress in the right anterior side was related to the mesial of tooth 5 (15%), and the highest amount of sinus progress in the left anterior side was related to the distal of tooth 3 (15%) and the mesial of tooth 4 (15%), which had no statistically significant differences. The most progress in the anterior area was related to the distal of the canine tooth and the mesial of the first premolar. The mean mediolateral sinus progress at 3 mm above the right nasal floor was higher in females than in males (P<0.05). Gender and age had no statistically significant relationship with maxillary sinus progress. Conclusion: The maxillary sinus progress was almost equal in the left and right sides and also in males and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge level of dental students and newly graduated dentists concerning anatomical landmarks identified on panoramic radiographs. Methods: This study was conducted as a web-based survey. Students continuing their education in the 4th and 5th grades of dentistry faculties and dentists who graduated within the last one year were included in our study. The answers given to the anatomical points on the panoramic radiograph were recorded as "true" and "false". SPSS was used to analyse the data. The data obtained were analysed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Mann-Whitney U Test. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 300 people participated of which 59.6% of the participants were female and 40.4% were male. The answers given to a total of 18 anatomical point questions did not show a significant difference according to gender (p=0.469). There was no question that all participants answered correctly. The highest correct answer rate was found for the anatomical point 'Mental foramen' with 289 (96.3%) participants. The lowest correct answer rate was found for the anatomical point 'Soft palate' with 48 (16%) participants. According to educational status, 5th grade students were the group with statistically significantly lower correct answers (p=0.017) Conclusions: These results indicate that training approaches should be developed for anatomical landmarks with lower correct response rates. Dentists working on a complicated structure should have a good command of this anatomy, and for this purpose, efforts should be made during the teaching program on anatomical structures that are difficult to identify and keep their knowledge up to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Antiepileptic drugs used in the treatment of epilepsy patients have a negative effect on bone tissue, but as far as we know, tooth root resorption has not been investigated in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of external and internal root resorption and its distribution according to resorption sites in epilepsy patients using antiepileptic drugs. Material and Method Panoramic radiographs obtained before dental treatment were evaluated. While the case group consisted of only those with epilepsy, the control group included healthy subjects. The presence/absence of external and internal resorption of all teeth (except the third molars), region of resorption (cervical, middle, and apical region of the root), age, and sex were recorded in an excel file. Independent sample t-test or MannWhitney U test according to normality of distribution and a chi-square test to compare categorical variables were used. Results The resorption in 93 (21.9%) of 424 patients (236 healthy subjects and 188 epileptic patients), the groups did not significantly differ by the presence of external and internal resorption (p = 0.089 and 0.746). It was more common in those over 30 years and males (p = 0.018 and 0.013). Conclusion We concluded that the presence of resorption in epilepsy patients was not different from healthy subjects. However, in patients with epilepsy, resorption was mostly seen in the lower molars and middle 1/3 regions. Clinicians should consider our results when treating these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast carcinoma is a common tumor in women, but it rarely metastasizes to the oral region. Case presentation: An 83‐year‐old woman presented with numbness and pain on the right side of the mandible. The patient's medical history included breast cancer that was treated with surgery. Panoramic radiograph showed a radiolucency with ill‐defined margin in the right mandible. CT images showed an osteolytic lesion with cortical bone destruction in the right mandible. Histopathological diagnosis was invasive ductal carcinoma. Conclusion: Dental practitioner should be aware that metastatic tumor of the mandible may occur in the patient with breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare preoperative data relevant to third molar surgery based on radiographic orthopantomography (OPG) and orthopantomogram-like MR images (MR-OPG), using five different MR protocols. X-ray-based OPG and OPG-like MRI reconstructions from DESS, SPACE-STIR, SPACE-SPAIR, T1-VIBE-Dixon, and UTE sequences were acquired in 11 patients undergoing third molar surgery, using a 15-channel mandibular coil. Qualitative (image quality, susceptibility to artifacts, positional relationship, contact/non-contact of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), relationship to maxillary sinus, IAN continuity, root morphology) and quantitative (tooth length, retromolar distance, distance to the IAN, and distance to the mandible margin) parameters of the maxillary and mandibular third molars were assessed regarding inter-reader agreement and quantitative discrepancies by three calibrated readers. Radiation-free MR-OPGs generated within clinically tolerable acquisition times, which exhibited high image quality and low susceptibility to artifacts, showed no significant differences compared with X-ray-based OPGs regarding the assessment of quantitative parameters. UTE MR-OPGs provided radiographic-like images and were best suited for assessing qualitative preoperative data (positional relationship, nerve contact/non-contact, and dental root morphology) relevant to third molar surgery. For continuous and focal nerve imaging, DESS MR-OPG was superior. MR-OPGs could represent a shift towards indication-specific and modality-oriented perioperative imaging in high-risk oral and maxillofacial surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Third molar removal complication rates can be as high as 30%. Risk assessment tools may lower these rates. Artificial intelligence (AI) driven prediction models are a promising approach to predict possible unfavourable outcomes and cone beam computed tomography imaging may play an important role. AI prediction models are showing excellent results in research settings. To be implemented in clinical practice they will need to overcome some robustness, security, liability, and practical issues. If they do, AI prediction models can be integrated in electronic patient record systems by alerting clinicians in case of an imminent unfavourable outcome so it can be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RSBO: Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia is the property of UNIVILLE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Forensic gender identification based on teeth is needed to identify incomplete victims, only bones and teeth. Previous studies identified gender by manually or semi-automatically measuring mandibular parameters based on landmark points. Gender identification, especially for victims of mass disasters, requires accuracy, so it takes longer, especially if there are many parameters to be measured. In addition, the observer's manual or semi-automatic measurements may give different results. This study proposes a new automatic approach to generate ten mandibular landmark points from panoramic radiographic images for gender identification. We propose a step, namely determining the centroid point of the mandibular image and using linear regression to predict ten mandibular landmark points such as the two condyle, two gonion, four ramus, and two body of the mandible. This study obtained panoramic radiographic images from the Academic Dental Hospital, Universitas Airlangga. We calculated the distance between expert mandibular landmark points and the predicted results to evaluate performance. The prediction of the landmark with the smallest average distance is the lower point of the mandibular body 1 pixel. In comparison, the predicted landmark with the most extended average length is a gonion of 10 pixels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pamukkale Medical Journal is the property of Pamukkale Journal of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study aims to review deep learning applications for detecting head and neck cancer (HNC) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiographic data. Methods: Through January 2023, a PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, IEEE, and arXiv search were carried out. The inclusion criteria were implementing head and neck medical images (computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), MRI, Planar scans, and panoramic X-ray) of human subjects with segmentation, object detection, and classification deep learning models for head and neck cancers. The risk of bias was rated with the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2) tool. For the meta-analysis diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was calculated. Deeks' funnel plot was used to assess publication bias. MIDAS and Metandi packages were used to analyze diagnostic test accuracy in STATA. Results: From 1967 studies, 32 were found eligible after the search and screening procedures. According to the QUADAS-2 tool, 7 included studies had a low risk of bias for all domains. According to the results of all included studies, the accuracy varied from 82.6 to 100%. Additionally, specificity ranged from 66.6 to 90.1%, sensitivity from 74 to 99.68%. Fourteen studies that provided sufficient data were included for meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity was 90% (95% CI 0.820.94), and the pooled specificity was 92% (CI 95% 0.87–0.96). The DORs were 103 (27–251). Publication bias was not detected based on the p-value of 0.75 in the meta-analysis. Conclusion: With a head and neck screening deep learning model, detectable screening processes can be enhanced with high specificity and sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by dysregulation of glucose metabolism, with characteristic long-term complications accompanied by changes in bone quality. The purpose of this study is to compare the results with a control group by performing radiomorphometric analyses on panoramic radiographs obtained 5 years apart to examine changes in the mandibular bone cortex and microstructures of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: Two panoramic radiographs that were taken 5 years (mean 5.26 ± 0.134) apart from 52 patients with T2DM (n:26) and a control group (n:26) were used. A total of 104 images were evaluated. Analyses were done from the condyle (FD1), angulus (FD2), distal second premolar apex (FD3), and anterior to the mental foramen (FD4) for fractal dimension (FD) in the mandible. Symphysis index (SI), anterior index (AI), molar index (MI), posterior index (PI), and panoramic mandibular index (PMI) measurements were taken for cortical analysis. Three-way ANOVA, three-way robust ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and two-way robust ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Results: After a 5-year period, there was a significant decrease in all FD measures of the mandible in both T2DM and control groups (p < 0.05). This resulted in a statistical difference in the main effect of time. After a 5-year period, no significant difference in mandibular cortical measures was identified between the T2DM and control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: According to panoramic radiography, the mandibular trabecular structure deteriorated after 5 years, whereas cortical values remained the same. It concluded that T2DM had no effect on these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]