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Analogues of the endogenous peptide corresponding to the 30-33 sequence of cholecystokinin (Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2) were synthesized, and their biological activity was studied. It was shown that, in rats, the N-succinylated Nle2 analogue of this tetrapeptide exhibits increased anxiolytic properties in the dark-bright chamber test and an enhanced alcohol intake by both the control animals and the long-time alcohol-dependent animals under the conditions of free choice. Introduction of an isopropyl residue into the C-terminal amide of the Nle2 analogue resulted in the appearance of anxiolytic and antialcohol activity and the ability to increase the morphine analgesic effect in the tail-flick test on rats. The two synthesized analogues retained an affinity to cholecystokinin receptors.

The present study has been done in the framework of federal programme "Children of Chernobyl" with the aim to determine spread and structure of dental jaw abnormalities in children born and living in the radiation polluted regions after Chernobyl accident in 1986. 183 children have been examined in Donskoi town of Tula Province with the polluted soil by Cs-137 up to 5 Ci/km. All the examined children were divided into 2 groups: group 1--born in 1980-1986 and group 2--born in 1987-1994. It was determined that 76.5% of children have dental jaw system abnormalities. The most spread ones were occlusion abnormalities in combination with teeth abnormalities (28.9% cases) while the state of dental jaw system corresponding to the age standard was 2 times rarer in children born after the Chernobyl accident.

Sixty plaster models of the jaws of children aged 7 to 12 with normal occlusion have been examined and the correlations between the measured parameters analyzed. The authors recommend to use the relationship between the length of the anterior fragment of dentition and the sum of the mesiodistal sizes of 4 lower incisors for estimating the value of the former parameter.

The status of abutment tissues of permanent teeth was studied in patients with dense position of teeth, aged 13 to 18. Time course of periodontal changes at different stages of orthodontic treatment with permanent devices was followed up.

The height of permanent teeth crowns was measured and the status of supporting tissue studied with the use of a Periotest apparatus (Siemens, Germany) in 95 children aged 7-12 with physiologic dental occlusion and in 70 age-matched children without dental occlusion in the frontal section. The data obtained by this apparatus permit a judgement on exercise tolerance of periodontal tissue. The size of the vertical fissure between maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth was measured in the children with abnormal occlusion and analysis of correlations and regressions of this parameter with the height of permanent teeth crown was carried out. The findings evidence that dental supporting tissue strength changes with age, as the maxillodental system develops, and that this characteristic is rather low in the children with non-occluding frontal teeth.

Chronic morphine treatment has been shown to cause the development of hyperreactivity of the dopamine system detected as the increased behavioral and biochemical responses to the action of specific dopamine agonists. Furthermore, inverted changes in animal behavioral reactivity to the stimulation of presynaptic, proposed D-2 receptors by apomorphine in a low dose was found in our previous study when morphine was chronically used in animals under conditions of restraint. To estimate the nature and proposed receptor mechanisms of changes found in behavioral reactivity due to chronic morphine administration in aversive life conditions at the level of highly sensitive D-2 receptors, the density and affinity of [3H] spiroperidol binding sites was studied in these animals two weeks after the last opiate administration. Increased density and affinity of D-2 receptors probably indicating their hypersensitivity was found in animals chronically exposed to two-hour restraint stress, while a significant decrease in density accompanied by increase in affinity of these receptors was typical to rats chronically exposed to morphine under conditions of restraint. The data are discussed in aspects of quantitative and qualitative changes in D-2 receptors, and their proposed mechanisms and functional significance in the mediation of modified organism's functional state due to chronic opiate administration in different environmental conditions.

At present non-cardiac surgery is infrequent in patients survived after heart transplantations. The authors review specific features of general anesthesia in such a clinical situation on the basis of their own two clinical observations and literature data. The principles for the anesthesiological management are analysed. They are specific sterility rules, atypical mechanisms of cardio-vascular system adaptation to stress and peculiar reaction of a denervated heart to pharmacological agents.

In 70 children with deep prognathic occlusion while in the period of second dentition the correlations were investigated between the angular parameters of teleroentgenograms in a triangular manner: each parameter was related to the two others, and those were compared to each other.

Fetal gas exchange and a neonate's status were found to be closely related to the capacity of controlled maternal pulmonary ventilation during abdominal delivery. To calculate the minute volume of ventilation, correction factors were proposed. The optimization of gas exchange during an operation was provided by sombrevin. The proposed procedure decreased the incidence of fetal hypoxia and neonatal asphyxia.