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Flexible and wearable electronics have recently sparked intense interest in both academia and industry because they can greatly revolutionize human lives by impacting every aspect of our daily routine. Therefore, developing compatible energy storage devices has become one of the most important research frontiers in this field. Particularly, the development of flexible electrodes is of great significance when considering their essential role in the performance of these devices. Although there is no doubt that transition metal oxide nanomaterials are suitable for providing electrochemical energy storage, individual oxides generally cannot be developed into freestanding electrodes because of their intrinsically low mechanical strength.Two-dimensional sheets with genuine unilamellar thickness are perfect units for the assembly of freestanding and mechanically flexible devices, as they have the advantages of low thickness and good flexibility. Therefore, the development of metal oxide materials into a two-dimensional sheet morphology analogous to graphene is expected to solve the above-mentioned problems. In this Account, we summarize the recent progress on two-dimensional molecular sheets of transition metal oxides for wearable energy storage applications. We start with our understanding of the principle of producing two-dimensional metal oxides from their bulk-layered counterparts. The unique layered structure of the precursors inspired the exploration of their interlayer chemistry, which helps us to understand the processes of swelling and delamination. Rational methods for tuning the chemical composition, size/thickness, and surface chemistry of the obtained nanosheets and how physicochemical properties of the nanosheets can be modulated are then briefly introduced. Subsequently, the orientational alignment of the anisotropic sheets and the origins of their liquid-crystalline characteristics are discussed, which are of vital importance for their subsequent macroscopic assembly. Finally, macroscopic electrodes with geometric diversity ranging from one-dimensional macroscopic fibers to two-dimensional films/papers and three-dimensional monolithic foams are summarized. The intrinsically low mechanical stiffness of metal oxide sheets can be effectively overcome by wisely designing the assembly mode and sheet interfaces to obtain decent mechanical properties integrated with superior electrochemical performance, thereby providing critical advantages for the fabrication of wearable energy storage devices.We expect that this Account will stimulate further efforts toward fundamental research on interface engineering in metal oxide sheet assembly and facilitate wide applications of their designed assemblies in future new-concept energy conversion devices and beyond. In the foreseeable future, we believe that there will be a big explosion in the application of transition metal oxide sheets in flexible electronics.

Recently, flexible lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered as a promising power source for next-generation flexible and wearable electronic devices due to their high energy densities. However, the usage of metallic Li anodes inevitably causes safety risk due to the growth of Li dendrites. In this review, we summarized the recent research progresses on flexible LMBs, with specific emphasis on the design of composite Li metal anodes and solid-state electrolytes with high flexibility and safety. We begin with a brief introduction of flexible LMBs and the associated anodes and electrolytes. Then, the preparation of flexible composite Li metal anodes has been described in detail, with the evolution from the conventional electrodeposition method to thermal infusion and mechanical rolling methods. For solid-state electrolytes, the advanced progress on shapeable ceramic, polymer, and hybrid electrolytes have been introduced. We also presented comprehensive summaries on high-energy-density flexible LMBs, including flexible lithium-sulfur batteries and lithium-oxygen batteries. Finally, we proposed the future trends, challenges, and prospects toward the practical applications of advanced flexible LMBs.

This paper describes a mathematical model developed by combining a lumped parameter model (LPM) and a distributed parameter model (DPM) for an industrial falling film evaporator used for the evaporation of a sodium aluminate solution (SAS) during the alumina production process. In the LPM, the dynamic equations were deduced to calculate the concentration of the evaporator outlet. The DPM was developed to study the evaporation occurring in each heating tube, in which the residence time, film thickness, liquid load of the feed, and the amount of heat transfer were established as functions of the longitudinal location from the entrance down the tube. Material properties related to the compositions, such as the density and viscosity, were fitted from industrially measured data acquired during a heat balance test. The modeling of the overall heat transfer coefficient based on fluid mechanics is discussed. The effect of scaling, which is an obstacle to accurate modeling, was considered using the industrial history data combined with the calculations of the mass and heat balance equations. The simulated concentrations of the products revealed the high accuracy of the model.

Two-dimensional (2D) superlattices, assembled from vertically stacked inorganic 2D nanosheets, are a new class of artificial 2D materials of significant scientific and technological importance. The incorporation of an infinite number of organic molecules within these systems further provides unlimited possibilities for the design and synthesis of 2D organic–inorganic hybrid superlattices with predictable functionalities. Herein, the recent research progress in 2D organic–inorganic hybrid superlattices is summarized. Many facile strategies have been developed for the fabrication of 2D organic–inorganic hybrid superlattices, in which continuous organic layers are intercalated in the interlayer galleries of inorganic 2D nanosheets at an atomic/molecular scale. The advantages of these 2D superlattices are discussed for some typical energy storage applications, such as supercapacitors, lithium/sodium/potassium ion batteries, and multivalent-ion rechargeable batteries. The challenges and perspectives for future research are also outlined.

Ruibing Su,1,&ast; Lijun Cai,1,&ast; Pan Xiong,1,&ast; Zhiwei Liu,1,&ast; Shaobin Chen,2 Xi Liu,1 Runhua Lin,1 Zhijin Lei,1 Dongping Tian,1 Min Su1 1Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Min Su, Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-754-88900429, Email minsu@stu.edu.cnBackground: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) not only plays a crucial role in innate immune and inflammation but also in anti-cancer immunity. Nevertheless, the clinicopathological outcome of TLR3 in ESCC is still ambiguous.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate TLR3 expression and its impact on survival in 137 ESCC patients (including paired esophageal tissues with different stages of early lesions from 37 patients). Furthermore, we downloaded ESCC RNA-seq datasets (including phenotype and survival data) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The relationship between TLR3 and prognosis, biological landscape, and immune infiltration was assessed to verify the immunohistochemical results of our tissue samples, explore the possible mechanism of prognostic outcomes, and predict the sensitivity of immunotherapy.Results: TLR3 protein expression displayed an increasing trend in the progression through different grades of cellular atypia, from normal, esophageal simple hyperplasia (ESSH), intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) to ESCC (P < 0.0083). TLR3 protein had a positive association with inflammation level (Rho = 0.341, P < 0.001). TLR3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in comparison to adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis indicated high TLR3 protein and mRNA expression conferred good prognosis in our samples and TCGA, especially for advanced ESCC patients (TNM stage III and IV). Overexpression of TLR3 resulted in an immune-active microenvironment via the recruitment of immune-active cells including cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), CD8+ T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, and M1-type macrophages. TLR3 expression was correlated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines relating to anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, GSEA analysis indicated upregulated expression of TLR3 could activate the apoptotic pathway.Conclusion: High TLR3 expression in ESCC patients was associated with a more favorable prognosis, immune-active cell infiltration, and an activated apoptotic pathway. TLR3 has potential applications for immunotherapy and immune response prediction in patients with ESCC.Keywords: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, TLR3, prognosis, immune infiltrates, immunotherapy response

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-taj-10.1177_20406223221081616 for Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of heart failure by Sulin Zheng, Min Qiu, Jason H.Y. Wu, Xiong-fei Pan, Xiong Liu, Lichang Sun, Hailan Zhu, Jiandi Wu and Yuli Huang in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-taj-10.1177_20406223221081616 for Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of heart failure by Sulin Zheng, Min Qiu, Jason H.Y. Wu, Xiong-fei Pan, Xiong Liu, Lichang Sun, Hailan Zhu, Jiandi Wu and Yuli Huang in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

We report herein an efficient protocol for the synthesis of 4-vinylphenols by a catalyst-free decarboxylation of trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acids. A variety of 4-vinylphenols has been synthesized in moderate to excellent yields. This protocol also features no polymerization.

Additional file 1. Table S1: Search strategy for PubMed and EMBASE for the meta-analysis; Table S2: Comparison of 4116 study participants included in final analyses and 2687 excluded due to data missing in the CHARLS; Table S3: Association of baseline hs-CRP and longitudinal hs-CRP changes with incident MetS after multiple imputations of missing data (N = 4497); Table S4: Association of baseline hs-CRP and longitudinal hs-CRP changes and incident MetS after excluding participants with diabetes, heart disease and stroke (N = 3561); Table S5: Association between baseline hs-CRP and components of MetS among age, sex and BMI subgroups (N = 4116); Table S6: Association between longitudinal hs-CRP changes and components of MetS among age, sex and BMI subgroups; Table S7: Basic information of studies included in the meta-analysis; Table S8: Quality assessment for the 10 included studies in the meta-analysis; Figure S1: Flowchart of inclusion and exclusion of study participants; Figure S2: Flowchart of literature identification for the meta-analysis; Figure S3: Association of combined baseline hs-CRP and longitudinal hs-CRP changes with incident MetS; Figure S4: Sensitivity analyses for the association between hs-CRP and incident MetS with exclusions of each study a time; Figure S5: Funnel plot for assessment of publication bias for the association between hs-CRP and MetS.

Additional file 1. Table S1: Baseline characteristics of GDM patients and matched controls. Table S2: Association between early-pregnancy C-peptide and risk for GDM in three sensitivity analyses. Table S3: Association between early-pregnancy C-peptide and GDM risk in subgroup analyses. Table S4: Summary statistics to assess the early-pregnancy C-peptide in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus. Figure S1: Flowchart of participants selection in the nested case-control study. Figure S2: Restricted cubic splines-based modeling for the association between early-pregnancy serum C-peptide and GDM.

The Chlorella sorokiniana F31 is a promising lutein producer with high lutein content. Herein, different graphene/TiO

Perovskite-type transition metal oxides have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for various electrocatalytic reactions owing to their low cost, compositional tunability and high stability. However, insufficient electrocatalytic activities of pristine perovskite oxides hinder their pathway towards real-world applications. The incorporation of heteroatoms into perovskite oxide structures has been regarded as an efficient way to improve the electrocatalytic performance. This minireview summarizes the recent advances in the heteroatom doping of perovskite oxides as efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). These heteroatom doping strategies are classified based on various types of doping sites. The mechanisms of improved electrocatalytic activities are discussed in detail within different doping sites and various kinds of dopants. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives are outlined for future developments of perovskite oxide-based catalysts.