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Experience with the treatment of patients with defects of the soft tissues of the head and necrosis of the calvarial bones has been generalized. Results of treatment using multiple craniotomy, osteonecrectomy and various methods of dermatoplasty aiming at restoration of the skin cover are discussed. The methods of treatment focused on the preservation of osteonecrotic parts and thus the hard integument of the calvaria ensuring prevention of intracranial suppurative complications, creation of a full-value skin cover, a more favourable outcome of injury and work ability of the patients are discussed and recommended.

Biologic integral methods for indication of blood toxicity, the migration activity of intact donor leukocytes in agar, and the splenocytotoxic test were used in radiotoxemia assessment in 62 oncologic patients with radiation reactions and in studies on the efficacy of detoxifying therapy with polyvisoline, a new blood substitute, in 25 subjects. Both the methods for studies of the blood serum toxicity were found sufficiently informative and unsophisticated, but the splenocytotoxic test proved to be more sensitive, simple, and rapid.

The sterilizing procedure of medical rubber pieces have been studied. The gas sterilizer GK-100 has been used the chamber of which was loaded with rubber pieces and with rubber pieces in combination with plastic. The map of the temperature field has been build, and the effect of the exposure and temperature as well as the packaging density in the chamber on sterility of the test-pieces has been derived. The period of formaldehyde neutralization by ammonia has been measured, the action of formaldehyde on physical and mechanical properties of the rubber has been also studied. On the basis of the obtained data the sterilization procedure with formaldehyde for medical rubber pieces has been developed.

Neurophysiological and statistical assumptions underlying conventional procedure of averaging the neuronal responses to sequentially presented stimuli or psychological tasks are critically discussed. A new approach to the analysis of the neuronal evoked reactions is developed based on the decomposition of the single-trial discharge rate patterns into the separate peak-shaped components characterised by the latent periods, amplitudes and durations. It is demonstrated that using only latent period and signs of each component's amplitude is sufficient to detect reliably all the latency intervals where the conventional peristimulus-time histograms reveal significant deviations of the neuronal discharge rate from the mean background level. The approach suggested enables the analysis of the real physiological events within the single trials, obscured by the conventional averaging into the peristimulus-time histogram curve.

An analysis of the results of the treatment of 180 donor wounds following cutting off thick or full-thickness grafts by means of a dermatome in 123 patients with post-burn deformities and contractures is presented. The healing period variants, depending on the thickness of the grafts and on the treatment method, have been found. The authors recommend to cover the donor wounds with thin grafts or with sieve grafts.

Conditions for formaldehyde sterilization of plastic medical articles were investigated and technological parameters of this sterilization method were developed. This work was completed by the creation of a new 100 1 chamber for the treatment of plastic medical articles.

The authors propose methods for closing vast defects by cutaneous-fascial grafts transferred on the Filatov's pedicle through the upper extremity. These whole thickness grafts must be previously subjected to surgical training which eliminates risk of ischemia. The tubular feeding pedicle is convenient for care and prevents infections in the postoperative period. The first method consists in the forming of the Filatov's pedicle (as the first step) which is then transferred onto the hand (the second step). In the first method both steps are supposed to be fulfilled simultaneously in order to shorten time of treatment. The methods described were used for closing great wounds on the head and lower extremities in 8 patients.

Thyroidin was used in 30 patients with the burned disease at the stage of septicotoxemia with the burn exhaustion of the I--II degree and the square surface of granulated wounds not more than 20% of the body surface. Small doses of thyroidin used according to the proposed scheme in combination with the intensive oxygen therapy gave an obviously positive curative effect. Normal utilization of oxygen by tissues and the improved capillary blood flow were finally observed. These measures caused reviving of regenerative processes and normalization of protein metabolism.

The report is concerned with the screening methods of lesions of the piriformis muscle in the piriformis syndrome which is more frequently connected with sacral osteochondrosis. However, this syndrome may sometimes appear in an ankylosis of the hip joint. All the diagnostical methods may be divided into 3 groups: indirect clinical method, palpation and EMG. The first method does not require special experience. A palpation of the piriformis muscle is conducted bimanually by a method proposed by the authors. EMG studies with the aid of needle electrodes permit to distinguish spasms and more crude changes in the piriform muscle.

The study of neurophysiological correlates of states and activity has revealed different mechanisms of the brain. Infraslow physiological processes (ISPP) as well as impulse activity of neurons and neuronal populations (NIA) were recorded during the performance of psychological and other trials by the subject. Subjects were neurological patients diagnosed and treated with implanted electrodes. We found correlates of mental activity to be reproducible (stable) in some brain areas and variable in others, which confirmed our concept that mental activity is maintained by cortical-subcortical functional system with links of different degrees of rigidity. One of the ISPP types, omega-potential, was shown to reflect quantitatively the state of the brain areas. We have described NIA rearrangements accompanying mental operations and revealed the complimentary character of various NIA rearrangements. Extremely promising in the investigation of neurophysiological correlates of mental processes, is the study of the relationship of local and distributed rearrangements in various neurophysiological processes, as well as combination of averaging with the study of correlates of single mental acts. Stability, combined with the dynamic character of rearrangements of physiological processes in the brain, seems to be its fundamental property responsible for informational capacity of the brain and adaptational ability of the organism.

Twenty six girls with deep burns of the anterior and lateral surface of the chest were treated in Gorky Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedy. The obserrvations indicated that an early closure of burn wounds in this region with adequate skin grafts could prevent gross deformity of mammary glands. Moreover, 70 females with deformation of mammary glands were under observations. In 16 of them operative procedures were undertaken for isolated lesions of 22 mammary glands. Various methods of skin plasty were employed: local, free, combined. Good and satisfactory results were gained. In 54 female patients deformities in the region of 68 mammary glands were eliminated simultaneously during surgical procedures for cicatricial contractures of the brachial joint, coxa and neck. The results obtained are described.