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A new species of the pagurid hermit crab, Alainopaguroides sinensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated on the basis of a single ovigerous female specimen collected from the South China Sea. It is immediately distinguished from other known congeneric species by the possession of a subdistal spine on the lateral margin of the basal segment of the antennular peduncle, although the most similar congener is A. andamanensis McLauglin, 2002. This is the first record of the genus from the South China Sea. An identification key to the species of the genus Alainopaguroides McLaughlin, 1997 is provided.

International audience; Sampling surveys (1976-2013) of soft-bottom communities and some hard bottom communities along the Algerian coast (1,180 km) have allowed the collection of 114 species of crustacean decapods of which of 37 were reported for the first time for the Algerian decapods fauna; for these species additional comments concerning their ecological and geographical patterns are given. The inventory of all benthic and pelagic decapods recorded along the Algerian coast reaches 253 species. Three families on a total of 57 families were highly diversified: Paguridae (17 species), Polybiidae (16 species) and Processidae (13 species). The presence of the 253 recorded species along the Algerian coast has been compared with eight other areas from the Mediterranean Sea. The decapods fauna of the Algerian coast is among the most richest of the Mediterranean Sea and comparable of that of Italy.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:26:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:34:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0104-64972016000100203.pdf: 1787153 bytes, checksum: e641a7663e228ca5edc50bd2344c037a (MD5) Abstract The goal of this study was to identify patterns of shell occupation by different species of hermit crabs from the southern Brazilian coast. In total, 644 individuals were collected, represented by six hermit species. Isocheles sawayai Forest & Saint Laurent, 1968 showed the highest abundance, with 575 individuals, followed by Loxopagurus loxochelis (Moreira, 1901) (n = 56). The other species were Petrochirus diogenes (Linnaeus, 1758), Dardanus insignis (Saussure, 1858), Pagurus exilis (Benedict, 1892) and Pagurus leptonyx Forest & Saint Laurent, 1968. Loxopagurus loxochelis was found associated with shells of 12 gastropod species, with 75% of males occupying shells of Olivancilaria urceus (Roding, 1798) and 78% of females inhabiting shells of Semicassis granulata (Born, 1778). Shells of Semicassis granulata were the lightest of all gastropod shells, demonstrating differential resource utilization. Additionally, I. sawayai occupied shells of 10 species, highlighting Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767) with the highest occupation percentage in all demographic classes, confirming a pattern of occupation with a strong relationship to the availability of the resource. The comparison of our results with those of other studies corroborated the influence of region and gastropod diversity on gastropod shell occupation. Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia Grupo de Estudos sobre Biologia, Ecologia e Cultivo de Crustáceos Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Biologia Laboratório de Bioecologia e Sistemática de Crustáceos Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia Grupo de Estudos sobre Biologia, Ecologia e Cultivo de Crustáceos

During the expedition INVEMAR-Macrofauna II, made in 2001 throughout the continental shelf and upper continental slope of the Colombian Caribbean coast, between 20 and 500 m depth, 22 species of hermit crabs distributed in one superfamily and four families, were collected. Within the superfamily Paguroidea, the family Paguridae was the most abundant and diverse with 13 species, six species belong to family Diogenidae; the Parapaguridae was represented by two species and one species of the genus Trizocheles of the family Pylochelidae represents the !rst report of this family from this coast. In addition, !ve undetermined species of the genera Paguristes, Enneobranchus, and Iridopagurus, were also collected. Based on the collected material, the bathymetric distributions reveal species aggregation in two depth ranges (20 - 150 m and 300 - 500 m). The upper strata species show a geographic distribution pattern, seemingly related to the in"uence of the Magdalena river; by contrast, the species from the deeper range do not reveal any particular distribution pattern.

The aim of this study was to characterize the pattern of gastropod shell occupation in the field and selection of shell size and type under laboratory conditions by the hermit crab Pagurus criniticornis (Dana, 1852), inhabiting the infralittoral area of Anchieta Island, São Paulo, Brazil. Hermit crabs were obtained monthly during 1999 by SCUBA diving. For experiments under laboratory conditions, samplings were performed in 2002. The hermit crabs occupied 16 species of gastropods shells. Cerithium atratum (Born, 1778) was the most occupied shell (89.31%), followed by Morula nodulosa (4.73%) (Adams, 1845). No difference was observed in the pattern of occupation between males and females. The equations that best demonstrated the relationship between hermit crabs and their shells were those that involved Shell Wet Weight (SWW) and Shell Internal Volume (SIV). The laboratory experiments were in accordance to the pattern of occupation observed in the field; the mean value of SAI (Shell Adequacy Index) recorded to the population studied was 1.13 with a trend to increase this value in the last size classes. The results obtained corroborate with the hypothesis of the occupation process of shells governed not only by availability of shells, but also by its architecture. In addition, the shell stock in the area is one another important condition related to the exhibited pattern of shell occupation by P. criniticornis, and allows the stable coexistence among the island assemblage. The pattern of occupation observed promotes a high reproductive profile for the population studied, maximizing the populational growth.

The present paper reports eight geners and sixteen species of hermit crabs (Paguridae and Coenobitidae) from the regions of Cartagena and Santa Marta.Special attention is given to their geographical distribution; hitherto known ecological data are compared with those collected for this study.

New records are provided for three species of little-known pagurids. All the material reported was collected by the R/V “El Puma” in the central Gulf of California during the GUAYTEC II cruise. New material is reported for Iridopagurus haigae García-Gómez, 1983, Enallopagurus spinicarpus (Glassell, 1937), and Solenopagurus diomedeae (Faxon, 1893), and these two latter species are redescribed. A new species of hermit crab of the genus Pagurus Fabricius, 1775, is described and illustrated in detail. Among the eastern Pacific species of Pagurus, this new species resembles Pagurus meloi Lemaitre and Cruz Castaño, 2004, P. imarpe Haig, 1974 and P. delsolari Haig, 1974, but differs from these three species in the armature and setation of the chelipeds and second and third pereopods, the shape and armature of the telson, and the number of rows of scales on pereopodal rasp and the presence of a preungual process. Se proporcionan nuevos registros de tres especies de paguridos poco conocidos, Iridopagurus haigae García-Gómez, 1983, Enallopagurus spinicarpus (Glassell, 1937) y Solenopagurus diomedeae (Faxon, 1893) recolectados durante el crucero GUAYTEC II abordo del B/O “El Puma” en el golfo de California central; además se proporciona una redescripción para las dos últimas especies. Se describe e ilustra en detalle una nueva especie de Pagurus Fabricius, 1775. La nueva especie de Pagurus presenta similaridad con Pagurus meloi Lemaitre and Cruz Castaño, 2004, P. imarpe Haig, 1974 y P. delsolari Haig, 1974, pero se diferencia de estas últimas por la armadura y la setación de los quelípedos y los pies ambulatorios, la forma y la armadura del telson, y el número de líneas de escamas sobre la raspa propodal y la presencia de un proceso preungual en los cuartos pereiópodos.

The hermit crab Pagurus parvispina Komai, 1997 (Decapoda: Paguridae) was found in Vostok Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan) at a depth of 50–65 m. Earlier, this species was recorded from the type locality in northern Japan at a depth of 150–200 m. The finding of P. parvispina in Vostok Bay is its first record in Russian waters and substantially expands the distribution area of this species in the Sea of Japan. Discorsopagurus maclaughlinae Komai, 1995 inhabits Russian waters and was earlier identified as Orthopagurus schmitti (Stevens, 1925); its taxonomical position is discussed.

We present a cladistic analysis of the Anomala based on 66 ingroup species and 5 outgroup representatives. Based on a comparative analysis of the morphology of the foregut we scored 124 characters related to size, shape, and fusion of foregut ossicles and other foregut structures. Our parsimony analysis resulted in 30 equally parsimonious trees which differ mainly at the lower hierarchical level. Our study reveals two large clades within Anomala. One large clade consists of Galatheoidea and Chirostyloidea. The internal relationships show a monophyletic Porcellanidae nested within a group comprising paraphyletic Galatheidae, and Munididae as well as Munidopsidae. The other large clade contains Aegla as sister group to a monophyletic group consisting of the Hippoidea and a clade formed by Lomis and the Paguroidea. Coenobitidae are nested within paraphyletic Diogenidae and Lithodidae are nested within paraphyletic Paguridae. The results are discussed in the context of other morphological and molecular analyses. Furthermore, some aspects of carcinization are touched upon; in particular, an anomalan stem species with a, at least to some extent, ventrally folded pleon is suggested.

A pagurid hermit crab, Pagurixus patiae collected from Hyung-ge Island, Busan, southern Korea is newly recorded into the Korean fauna. Pagurixus patiae is the only species of the genus recorded in Korea. Morphological descriptions of P. patiae are provided.

Spermatozoa of most crustacean species are nonmotile and are packed into spermatophores. In Decapoda, spermatophores are highly variable in morphology and can be useful in the solving of taxonomic and systematic questions, especially among the Anomura. In this study, the morphology and morphometry of the spermatophores of the western Atlantic hermit crabs Pagurus brevidactylus and P. criniticornis are described. The abdomen of fresh male specimens was dissected to expose the reproductive system and to extract the spermatophores, which were analyzed by stereoscopic, light, and scanning electron microscopy. The vas deferens can be divided macroscopically in three regions, all of them containing spermatophores. Tripartite spermatophores are composed of an elongated cylindrical main ampulla, a triangular accessory ampulla, a narrow cylindrical peduncle, and a round pedestal. Dimensions of the spermatophore components are positively correlated to the size of the crab. Morphological patterns observed in this study resemble those of other pagurid hermit crabs investigated to date. The morphological character distribution confirms classifications based on adult morphology and molecular analysis. J. Morphol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

[This study presents a checklist of the Crustacea Decapoda that occur in the Sardinian Channel, based both on previously published records and on original data. These latter data were obtained from samples collected during different trawl surveys in the Gulf of Cagliari carried out between 1997 and 2002. The area studied comprised six sectors in all, situated between 39°13′00″N and 36°42′00″N, and 6°28′00″E to 11°02′00″E; each sector is characterized by different morphological and hydrological conditions. The species examined number 207, belonging to 55 families and 115 genera. The most abundant families in terms of numbers of genera and species were Portunidae, Inachidae, Palaemonidae, and Paguridae. Most of the species are Atlantic-Mediterranean, with only some of them assumed to be exclusively occurring in the Mediterranean, thus confirming that no Lessepsian species have been recorded in the study area until now. Viene proposta una checklist dei Crostacei Decapodi del Canale di Sardegna, basata sia su dati bibliografici che su dati originali ottenuti da campioni raccolti in diverse campagne di ricerca svolte tra il 1997 e il 2002 nel Golfo di Cagliari. L'area di studio, compresa tra 39°13′00″N-36°42′00″N di latitudine e 6°28′00″E-11°02′00″E di longitudine, e stata suddivisa in sei settori in base alle differenti condizioni morfologiche e idrologiche. Sono riportate 207 specie distribuite in 55 famiglie e in 115 generi. Le famiglie piu abbondanti per numero di generi e specie sono nell'ordine: Portunidae, Inachidae, Palaemonidae e Paguridae. La maggior parte delle segnalazioni riguarda specie atlantico-mediterranee mentre solo una piccola parte e rappresentata da specie riportate per il Mediterraneo, confermando che, attualmente nel tratto di mare studiato, nessuna specie Lessepsiana e stata segnalata fino ad ora. , This study presents a checklist of the Crustacea Decapoda that occur in the Sardinian Channel, based both on previously published records and on original data. These latter data were obtained from samples collected during different trawl surveys in the Gulf of Cagliari carried out between 1997 and 2002. The area studied comprised six sectors in all, situated between 39°13′00″N and 36°42′00″N, and 6°28′00″E to 11°02′00″E; each sector is characterized by different morphological and hydrological conditions. The species examined number 207, belonging to 55 families and 115 genera. The most abundant families in terms of numbers of genera and species were Portunidae, Inachidae, Palaemonidae, and Paguridae. Most of the species are Atlantic-Mediterranean, with only some of them assumed to be exclusively occurring in the Mediterranean, thus confirming that no Lessepsian species have been recorded in the study area until now. Viene proposta una checklist dei Crostacei Decapodi del Canale di Sardegna, basata sia su dati bibliografici che su dati originali ottenuti da campioni raccolti in diverse campagne di ricerca svolte tra il 1997 e il 2002 nel Golfo di Cagliari. L'area di studio, compresa tra 39°13′00″N-36°42′00″N di latitudine e 6°28′00″E-11°02′00″E di longitudine, e stata suddivisa in sei settori in base alle differenti condizioni morfologiche e idrologiche. Sono riportate 207 specie distribuite in 55 famiglie e in 115 generi. Le famiglie piu abbondanti per numero di generi e specie sono nell'ordine: Portunidae, Inachidae, Palaemonidae e Paguridae. La maggior parte delle segnalazioni riguarda specie atlantico-mediterranee mentre solo una piccola parte e rappresentata da specie riportate per il Mediterraneo, confermando che, attualmente nel tratto di mare studiato, nessuna specie Lessepsiana e stata segnalata fino ad ora. ]

Pagurus exilis (Benedict, 1892) is an endemic South Atlantic hermit crab with a distribution ranging from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, to Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The present study analyzed the reproduction of two populations at the extremes of this geographical distribution, and compared their reproductive period, fecundity, and changes in egg size and egg volume during the incubation period in order to assess the variability over this latitudinal range. Hermit crabs were collected monthly over a 2-year period. In total, 108 females were analyzed for Brazil (44 non-ovigerous and 64 ovigerous), and 141 for Argentina (87 nonovigerous and 54 ovigerous). Reproduction in Brazil occurs year-round, with peaks in the fall and winter seasons; in Argentina reproduction occurs only in spring and summer. The Brazilian ovigerous females were significantly larger than the Argentina ones (Brazil: SL = 5.33 ± 1.45 mm; Argentina: SL = 4.15 ± 0.52 mm; P < 0.001). The fecundity was 1447 ± 831 eggs (317 to 2885) in Brazil and 987 ± 711 eggs (114 to 2665) in Argentina, with a trend towards higher fecundity in Brazil. Eggs in the Argentina population were larger than those in Brazil for all the three stages investigated, and no changes in egg volume were found during egg development for both populations. The reproductive traits of the two populations showed some important differences, which may reflect adaptations to local environmental conditions, demonstrating a high plasticity of reproductive features of the species in Brazilian and Argentine waters. The strategy adopted by the Argentina population involves a lower production of larger eggs compared to the population in Brazil; this lower production is associated with reproduction in cold-water regions.

A new species of hermit crab, Pagurus fraserorum n. sp. (family Paguridae) is described from rocky subtidal reefs off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and illustrated using both conventional drawings and colour photographs, and via three-dimensional (3D) X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). Because of the limitation μCT has in detecting very fine and soft structures, a novel approach of manually drawing setation and spinulation onto the two-dimensional images of the 3D visualizations was used to illustrate the pereopods. In addition, an interactive figure and rotation movie clips in the supplement section complement the species description, and the 3D raw data of the 3D type data are downloadable from the Gigascience Database repository. The new species is the sixth species of Pagurus Fabricius, 1775 reported from South Africa and is closely allied to the Indo-Pacific P. boriaustraliensis Morgen, 1990 and P. pitagsaleei McLaughlin, 2002, from which it differs by its shorter ocular peduncles, by the armature of the carpus of the right cheliped, and also in colouration. This study presents the first description of a hermit crab in which a majority of taxonomic details are illustrated through 3D volume-rendered illustrations. In addition, colour photographs and COI molecular barcodes are provided, and the latter compared to COI sequences of specimens from Western Australia previously identified as P. boriaustraliensis and of specimens of P. pitagsaleei from Taiwan, as well as to three additional South African members of the genus. The South African taxon was confirmed to be genetically distinct from all species tested.

Specimens belonging to the pagurid genus Pagurixus Melin, 1939 collected during various French expeditions made in the Indo-West Pacific were studied. Additional material from other sources is also included. Fifteen species have been identified, of which eight are new: Pagurixus aurantiaca sp. nov., P. cavicarpus sp. nov., P. crosnieri sp. nov., P. formosus sp. nov., P. icelus sp. nov., P. pilosus sp. nov., P. rubrovittatus sp. nov., and P. sculptus sp. nov. Pagurixus anceps (Forest, 1954) is redescribed on the basis of the syntypes and supplemental material from various localities. New locality records are reported for the following seven species: P. concolor Komai and Osawa, 2006, P. dissimilis Osawa and Komai, 2007, P. fasciatus Komai and Myorin, 2005, P. haigae Komai and Osawa, 2007, P. maorus (Nobili, 1906), P. nomurai Komai and Asakura, 1995, and P. ruber Komai and Osawa, 2006. An identification key to all known species is provided.

The population of Catapaguroides microps A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, 1892 in the Campos Basin was studied with an emphasis on its composition in the Northern and Southern parts of the Basin, the different gender sizes, sex ratio, and size class distribution. Specimens were collected under the "Program for the Environmental Characterization of the deep waters of the Campos Basin" ("Programa de Caracterização Ambiental das Águas Profundas da Bacia de Campos") in February and August 2003. A total of 339 hermit crabs were analyzed. Individual abundance was higher in the North. C. microps shows sexual dimorphism for body size, the males being larger than the females. The sex ratio is skewed in the female's favor (1:0.7), as shown by previous studies on shallow-water populations.A população de Catapaguroides microps A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, 1892 da foi analisada com foco na abundância de indivíduos, diferença de tamanho entre machos e fêmeas, razão sexual e distribuição dos indivíduos nas classes de tamanho, ao norte e ao sul da Bacia de Campos. As amostras foram coletadas pelo Programa de Caracterização Ambiental da Bacia de Campos em fevereiro e agosto de 2003. O total de indivíduos analizados foi de 339. A abundância foi maior no norte da Bacia de Campos. Catapaguroides microps mostrou dimorfismo sexual no tamanho do corpo, sendo os machos maiores que as fêmeas. A razão sexual favorece as fêmeas (1:0,7), de forma similar a outros estudos efetuados com populações de águas rasas.

A new intertidal species of the hermit crab genus Pagurus, recently discovered on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington, is described and illustrated. This species, Pagurus holmi n. sp., is compared and contrasted to other regional shallowwater species.

The present work surveys hermit crab species inhabiting the intertidal and shallow subtidal region in the Red Sea coast of Egypt, and presents an identification key for surveyed hermit crabs. Twelve hermit crab species were recorded from the 29 sites along the Red Sea coast of Egypt. These species belong to three families (Coenobitidae, Paguridae and Diogenidae) and seven genera. The dominant species in this survey were Clibanarius signatus and Calcinus latens. The less dominant species in this survey were Diogenes pallescens, D. costatus, D. lagopodes and Clibanarius carnifex and rarer species were Dardanus woodmasoni, Diogenes tirmiziae, Coenobita scaevola, Clibanarius longitarsus, Cestopagurus coutieri and Pagurus cavicarpus. Identification key for the recorded hermit crabs species is provided.

A new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Catapagurus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, C. insolitus, is described and illustrated based on specimens from shallow waters in Okinawa Island, the Ryukyus. It belongs to an informal species group characterized by the possession of blade-shaped ambulatory dactyli, and is morphologically most similar to C. kosugei (Asakura, 2001). However, the new species is unique within the genus in having a multispinose antennal acicle, rarely seen in species of the family Paguridae.

The larval and post-larval behaviour, growth, colour, and morphology of the brown box crab (Lopholithodes foraminatus) are described for the first time based on laboratory reared animals. A detailed morphological description is provided for 4 zoeal stages, the glaucothoe, and the first crab instar. Selected morphological changes over the remainder of the first year of development are also described. Data are presented on larval growth at 11°C and on zoeal stage durations at approximately 8°C, 12°C and 16°C. While the 4 zoeal stages are planktotrophic, the glaucothoe does not feed; a life history character that has been termed ‘secondary lecithotrophy’. Growth of L. foraminatus larvae and post-larvae is generally similar to that of other North Pacific lithodids with planktotrophic zoeae. Zoeal stage durations decrease with increasing temperature. This relationship levels off at approximately 16°C, a higher temperature than in lithodid species from colder regions. Carapace morphology is suggested as a diagnostic character of larval and post-larval stages of Lopholithodes foraminatus. Secondary lecithotrophy may be widespread or even universal among lithodids and also occurs in pagurid hermit crabs. If the family Lithodidae is indeed nested within the Paguridae, as suggested by recent phylogenetic hypotheses based on molecular evidence, secondary lecithotrophy may be plesiomorphic in lithodids.

The current taxonomy of two poorly known hermit crab species Pagurus forceps H. Milne Edwards, 1836 and Pagurus comptus White, 1847 from temperate Pacific and Atlantic coastlines of South America is based only on adult morphology. Past studies have questioned the separation of these two very similar species, which occur sympatrically. We included specimens morphologically assignable to P. forceps and P. comptus in a phylogenetic analysis, along with other selected anomuran decapods, based on 16S ribosomal gene sequences. Differences between samples putatively assigned to either P. forceps and P. comptus were moderate, with sequence similarity ranging from 98.2 to 99.4% for the fragments analyzed. Our comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences (16S rRNA) revealed diagnostic differences between the two putative species, suggesting that P. forceps and P. comptus are indeed phylogenetically close but different species, with no genetic justification to support their synonymization. The polyphyly of Pagurus is not corroborated here among the represented Atlantic species, despite obviously complex relationships among the members of the genus.

Nine genera and species of rhizocephalans were recorded from the off‐shore waters around New Zealand. Mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences were used to examine base differences between the European and New Zealand species of Parthenopea. Serial sections to study the internal structures of the reproductive organs were made for the genera Thylacoplethus and Thompsonia. Two species, Parthenopea australis n. sp. and Thylacoplethus novaezealandiae n. sp. are new to science and described in detail. Parthenopea australis n. sp. is the first rhizocephalan species recorded from the vicinity of active cold seeps. Three rhizocephalans could not be identified as they were parasitised by hyperparasitic cryptoniscine isopods. The decapodhost species comprised the taxa Paguridae, Lithodidae, Galatheidae, Chirostylidae, and Callianassidae.

During a survey of the biodiversity of the southeastern part of Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu Archipelago, specimens of a tiny but distinctive new hermit crab species, referable to a new genus, were discovered in the shallow waters off the island. Herein, Pumilopagurus tuberculomanus new genus, new species, is described and illustrated. The genus is characterized by the development of a massive right cheliped, more than 0.7 total body length; male with a short left sexual tube directed from left to right across the ventral body surface and very short right sexual tube; and female with single left gonopore. Its relationship to other pagurid genera of comparable small body size is discussed.

A pagurid crab carrying half of a bivalve shell was collected from Jejudo Island and identified as Porcellanopagurus nihonkaiensis. A diagnosis with illustrations of this specimen is presented. Although, Komai and Takeda(2006) reported this species as rare and known only from Japan, its range is now extended to Korean waters. At present, it is the only species of the genus Porcellanopagurus represented in Korean waters.

Individuals of Pagurus criniticornis in a free-choice situation were experimentally tested under different laboratory conditions. In order to assess the effect of recently occupied shells on the size- and type-preference by hermit crabs, individuals were held for 30 days under one of the following two conditions: (1) excess of shells and (2) absence of shells. The crabs were then allowed to select shells from a wide array of empty gastropod shells of the two most-occupied species, as observed previously in the field: Cerithium atratum and Morula nodulosa. Preferred shell type (species) and size (shell aperture width and length) were correlated with hermit-crab size. The crabs showed a strong (100%) preference for C. atratum shells, demonstrating that recent and past experience did not influence either shell-type or shell-size preferences in this pagurid.

The complete larval development of Pagurus japonicus (Stimpson) is described, based on laboratory rearing. The species has four zoeal stages and a megalopa. The larvae are described and illustrated, and detailed comparisons with other pagurid larvae in the Korean coast are made.

Summary The larval, megalopal and early juvenile stages of Pagurus granosimanus are described, illustrated and compared with other North Pacific species of the genus. Morphologically, the zoeae of P. granosimanus appear most similar to the Japanese P. brachiomastus in the majority of characters, but share the endopodal setation of the third maxilliped with a second Japanese species, P. pectinatus. The megalopae of P. granosimanus are unlike those of other North Pacific species in having 5+5 marginal setae on the telson, rather than the customary 4+4, or less frequent 3+3. Comparison of juvenile characters is limited to pleopodal changes among the regional species for which data are available. P. granosimanus is unusual in undergoing complete pleopodal loss at the second crab stage with return of left pleopods in the fourth stage.

The biology of hermit crabs in the temperate zone is understudied in comparison with hermit crabs in the tropics and subtropics. Here we provide the first observations of population traits of the smallest South Pacific hermit crab, Pagurus villosus, using descriptive and experimental approaches. The principal emphasis is on ontogenetic and spatio-temporal variation in the breeding season, recruitment, sex ratio, microhabitat use, and shell occupancy pattern. We also experimentally evaluated colonization rates, in order to assess the pattern of habitat use. P. villosus showed continuous reproduction and recruitment, and an unbiased sex ratio. Algae turf was the microhabitat with highest record of individuals, regardless of their ontogenetic stage. Females were smaller and showed less movement activity on experimental trays than did males, for three microhabitat analyses. Early stages colonized higher proportions of artificial algae and shell hash (only juveniles). Diversity of gastropod shells used by hermit crabs (12 in total) decreased during development, but for all stages Tegula tridentata and Nassarius gayi were the most used. Females in different reproductive conditions (ovigerous and non-ovigerous) showed a shift of shell occupancy pattern likely related to the tradeoff between fitness and shape, weight, thickness and internal volume of shells. Population and life-history traits, i.e., continuous breeding and high resource use during all ontogenetic phases (microhabitats and shells), of P. villosus on the temperate Chilean coast seem more similar to pagurid species from low latitudes. These traits may reflect a tropical origin of this species and/or an adaptive strategy of these tiny crabs in a temperate region.

The pagurid hermit crab genus Pagurixus Melin, 1939, currently includes 24 species in the Indo-West Pacific, and recent studies have revealed the richness of this genus in southern Japan, particularly in coral reefs. In this paper, we deal with two species of the genus, P. dissimilis n. sp. described from southern Japan, and the recently described P. patiae Komai, 2006. The new species appears closest to P. nanus Komai & Takada, 2006 in both morphology and coloration in life, but is distinguished from the latter by having a clearly delimited dorsomesial margin of the dactylus of the right cheliped in males and females, a blunt but distinct median crest and a mesial row of small spines on the dorsal surface of the carpus of the male right cheliped, and paired gonopores in females. The newly obtained specimens of P. patiae from Okinawa Island enable us to describe the coloration in life of the species for the first time and to examine morphological variation. Brief notes on the distribution of the Japanese Pagurixus species are also provided.

The population of the hermit crab Pagurus criniticornis (Dana, 1852) was studied based on seasonal abundance, size frequency distribution, sex ratio, reproductive period, fecundity and shell relationship. Specimens were collected monthly by SCUBA diving in the infralittoral area of Anchieta Island, Ubatuba. A total of 1,017 individuals was analyzed. Animal size (minimum and maximum shield length, respectively) was 0.7 and 2.9 mm for males, 0.6 and 2.8 mm for non-ovigerous females, and 1.0 and 2.5 mm for ovigerous females. The sex ratio was 1:1.29. Sexual dimorphism was recorded by the presence of males in the largest size classes. Ovigerous females were captured during all months along the year, with percentages varying from 8% (July) to 84.3% (February) in relation to the total females collected. Mean ± SD fecundity was 168 ± 125 eggs and tended to increase with increasing hermit size. Shells of four gastropod species [Cerithium atratum (Born, 1778), Morula nodulosa (Adams, 1845), Anachis lyrata (Sowerby, 1832) and Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)] were occupied by ovigerous females of P. criniticornis but fecundity was not significantly different in relation to the different shell types. The profile showed continuous and intense reproduction of P. criniticornis probably related to strategies developed to compensate for interspecific competition in the studied insular area. A população do ermitão Pagurus criniticornis (Dana, 1872) foi avaliada com base na abundância sazonal, distribuição da freqüência de tamanho, razão sexual, período reprodutivo, fecundidade e relação com a concha ocupada. Os espécimes foram coletados mensalmente por meio de mergulho autônomo no infralitoral da Ilha Anchieta, Ubatuba. Um total de 1.017 indivíduos foi analisado. O tamanho dos animais (comprimento mínimo e máximo do escudo cefalotorácico, respectivamente) foi de 0,7 e 2,9 mm para os machos, 0,6 e 2,8 mm para as fêmeas não ovígeras e 1,0 e 2,5 mm para as fêmeas ovígeras. A razão sexual foi de 1:1,29. Foi observado dimorfismo sexual em função da presença de machos nas maiores classes de tamanho. Fêmeas ovígeras foram capturadas em todos os meses do ano, com a porcentagem variando de 8% (Julho) a 84,3% (Fevereiro) em relação ao total de fêmeas coletadas. A fecundidade média foi de 168 ± 125 ovos e tendeu a ser maior com o aumento do tamanho do ermitão. Fêmeas ovígeras de P. criniticornis foram encontradas ocupando quatro espécies de conchas de gastrópodes [Cerithium atratum (Born, 1778), Morula nodulosa (Adams, 1845), Anachis lyrata (Sowerby, 1832) e Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)] no entanto, a fecundidade não foi significativamente diferente em relação aos diferentes tipos de conchas. A população de P. criniticornis apresentou um perfil reprodutivo contínuo e intenso, possivelmente relacionado a estratégias de desenvolvimento que compensam a competição interespecífica existente na área de estudo.

Curvemysella paula is a markedly crescent-shaped bivalve that lives inside snail shells occupied by hermit crabs. Here, we describe the unique symbiotic life, growth pattern, and reproductive biology of this bivalve, based on specimens collected from the shallow, muddy bottom of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. C. paula was found attached to columellae in the siphonal canal, mainly of nassariid snail shells occupied by two types of hermit crabs: Diogenes edwardsii (Diogenidae) and Spiropagurus spiriger (Paguridae). The crescent-shaped shell of C. paula is an adaptation to symbiotic life in the narrow interspace between the snail shell and the hermit-crab abdomen. C. paula is a protandric hermaphrodite. In our samples, each host snail shell harbored one (or rarely a few) large female and several males. All the female bivalves settled on the host shells with their anterior end facing outward and benefited from currents created by the hermit crab when feeding. In the muddy bottom, snail shells are a limited resource for both the hermit crabs and symbiotic bivalves. The bivalves benefit from the mobility of the hermit crabs, which prevent the shells from becoming buried in the mud. C. paula represents the only example of obligate commensalism with hermit crabs found in Bivalvia.

Summary Larval development of the hermit crab, Pagurus gracilipes (Stimpson, 1858) (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae), is described and illustrated from larvae reared in the laboratory. Development included four zoea and a single megalopa, thus following the typical pattern in the Paguridae. At a temperature of 22°C larval development took from 19 to 25 days. The main zoeal features allow assignment of P. gracilipes, as well as P. kulkarnii, to Group C of Pagurus larvae (typical representative: Pagurus anachoretus). Although P. gracilipes, P. hartae, and P. constans were earlier assigned to the genus Parapagurodes on the basis of adult characters, their larvae represent a heterogeneous group and should evidently be placed to different subdivisions of Pagurus larvae.

Hermit crabs of the species Pagurus criniticornis (Dana, 1852) parasitized by the poorly known colonial rhizocephalan Peltogasterella socialis (Müller, 1863), were collected in the infralittoral rocky/sandy area of Anchieta Island (São Paulo), Brazil. We report the presence and pattern of occurrence of this rhizocephalan in the P. criniticornis population. The hermit crabs were obtained monthly during 1999 by two people using SCUBA methods. A total of 992 hermit crabs were captured and examined for rhizocephalans. The studied population showed non-normal size distribution and only 2.11% of the sample specimens carried externae of P. socialis. The parasite occurrence was seasonal and varied with host size. Some signs of feminization were observed on P. criniticornis pleopods (elongation of the endopod and reduction of the exopod of pleopods for males and reduction in the size of endopods for females). This is the first report on this parasite/host relationship for this South American host species. This is the first record of P. socialis (Müller, 1863) subsequent to the species' description, and possible occurrence of the parasite on hermit crabs in the Bahamas is also reported.

The complete larval development of Pagurus simulans is described, based on laboratory rearing. The species has four zoeal stages and a megalopa. The larvae are described and illustrated, and detailed comparisons are made with other closely related species. Adults of P. simulans have been confused with those of P. brachiomastus and P. proximus. However, the larvae of P. simulans show morphological differences with those of similar species in the shape of the telson process and in the setal formulae of the appendages. Le developpement larvaire complet de Pagurus simulans obtenu en laboratoire est decrit. L'espece a quatre stades zoes et un stade megalope. Les larves sont decrites et illustrees, et des comparaisons detaillees sont faites avec d'autres especes proches. Les adultes de P. simulans ont ete confondus avec ceux de P. brachiomastus et P. proximus. Cependant, les larves de P. simulans montrent des differences morphologiques par rapport aux especes similaires dans la forme du telson et dans le nombre et l'arrangement des soies des appendices.

Komai, Tomoyuki, Saito, Yuma, Myorin, Eiji (2015): A new species of the hermit crab genus Pagurus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from shallow coastal waters in Japan, with a checklist of the East Asian species of the genus. Zootaxa 3918 (2): 224-238, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3918.2.4

Labidochirus anomalus (Balss, 1913) (Figs 1���4), Published as part of Kornienko, Elena S. & Korn, Olga M., 2015, Zoeal stages of Labidochirus anomalus (Balss, 1913) (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) obtained under laboratory conditions, pp. 215-226 in Zootaxa 4028 (2) on page 216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/233098

Pagurus alatus Fabricius, 1775 (Fig. 15) Pagurus alatus Fabricius, 1775: 411. Eupagurus variabilis Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892: 217.��� Selbie, 1921: 36, pl. IV figs. 4, 5, pl. V figs. 1���3. Pagurus alatus. ��� Ingle, 1985: 765 (key); 1993: 33 (key) 136, figs. 109���112 (lit.). not Eupagurus alatus. ��� Forest, 1955: 110, fig. 23, pl. V figs. 2 and 3 (= P. excavatus) not Pagurus alatus.��� Zariquiey, 1968: 247, figs 89 e, 90 b, o, 91 e (= P. excavatus) Material examined. MU 57, 430 ��� 406 m, (1); MU 120, 109 ��� 105 m, (1); MU 142, 109 ��� 112 m, (1); MU158, 80��� 98 m, (2); MU207, 88��� 117 m, (1); MU 260, 101 ��� 120 m, (1); MUBV 20, 155 m, (5); MUBV 21, 107 ��� 109 m, (31). Males: 3.06���6.56 mm, females: 3.10���3.40 mm, ovigerous females: 3.01���4.03 mm Habitat. This species is characteristic of bathyal muds (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999; Follesa et al. 2009; Mura et al. 2006), but is also reported on sand (Pipitone & Arculeo 2003) and on bottoms of sand, silt, coarse sands and gravel by Serrano et al. (2011). Pagurus alatus was found inhabiting shells of the gastropod species Colus islandicus (Mohr, 1786) in Cap Breton Canyon (Bay of Biscay) (Urzelai et al. 1990). In symbiosis with this crab were the cnidarians Adamsia palliata (M��ller, 1776), Calliactis parasitica (Couch, 1842), Epizoanthus paguriphylus Verrill, 1883, Paracalliactis mediterranea Ross and Zamponi, 1982 and the polychaete Neanthes fucata (Savigny, 1818) (Williams & McDermott 2004). Our specimens were collected mainly on sandy bottoms, but also on sandy-mud bottoms. They were found inhabiting shells of the gastropods Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791), Calliostoma granulatum (Born, 1778), Euspira grossularia (Marche-Marchad, 1957), Euspira subplicata (Jeffreys, 1885), Nassarius arcadioi Rol��n & Hern��ndez, 2005, Natica canariensis Odhner, 1932, Ranella olearium (Linnaeus, 1758) and in a shell of the genus Genota. As epibionts over gastropod shells we found Demospongia, two different actinian species, some specimens of Anomiidae bivalves, one acorn barnacle and some tubes of Serpulidae polychetes. Over the chelipeds and ambulatory legs we identified the hydrozoan Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823). Distribution. Eastern Atlantic, from Iceland, Norway, the Shetland Islands and the North Sea southwards to Mauritania, including the Canary Islands and the Mediterranean Sea (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999). The record from Loos Islands (Guinea) (Forest 1955) belong to P. excavatus (see remarks). Bathymetrical range varies from 5���10 m (Pipitone & Arculeo 2003) to 1430���1505 m (Garc��a Raso 1996), although the species is mainly found around 150 m depth (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999). Further records were from the Bay of Biscay (Urzelai et al. 1990; Serrano et al. 2006; Cartes et al. 2007; S��nchez et al. 2008; Serrano et al. 2011), off Portugal (Monteiro et al. 2001) and the Mediterranean Sea (Ko��ak et al. 2001; Abell�� et al. 2002; Biagi et al. 2002; Pipitone & Arculeo 2003; Colloca et al. 2004; Company et al. 2004; Ungaro et al. 2005; Mura et al. 2006; Ates et al. 2006; Fanelli et al. 2007; Cartes et al. 2009; Follesa et al. 2009; Papiol et al. 2012). Remarks. Our specimens coincide with the descriptions and figures given by Ingle (1993). The taxonomic status of P. alatus, P. excavatus and P. variabilis has been controversial for many years. The differences between P. excavatus and P. variabilis were established by A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1900). Following that opinion, Selbie (1921) indicated that the most reliable features to separate both species were the number of unpaired pleopods in males (three in P. variabilis and four in P. excavatus) and the length of the dorso-outer process of the antennal peduncular segment 2 that reaches, or passes, the base of the terminal joint in P. alatus but not in P. excavatus. Forest (1955: 109) also followed this differentiation, considering P. excavatus to be identical to P. alatus (the latter name having priority) and different from P. variabilis. This author also indicated the presence of two Pagurus (as Eupagurus) groups in West Africa, the first group including P. alatus, with four unpaired pleopods in males (a feature of the current concept of P. excavatus), and the second group, including P. variabilis, with three unpaired pleopods in males (a feature of the current concept of P. alatus). Forest opinion was shared by Zariquiey (1968). Based on Selbie (1921), Ingle (1985) indicated that there were no consistent records of P. excavatus north of the southern part of the Bay of Biscay. Taking into account that P. alatus was described after material collected in Iceland, Ingle concluded that P. alatus and P. excavatus were two different species and reinstated P. excavatus as a valid species. In addition, Ingle (1985) considered P. variabilis, whose distribution was more boreal, to be a junior subjective synonymy of P. alatus. Ingle (1993) provided a complete synonymy for P. alatus and P. excavatus, which is currently accepted. Nevertheless, the report of P. alatus in Forest (1955) from Loos Islands and Zariquiey (1968) from the Iberian Peninsula should be definitively included in P. excavatus., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species, pp. 151-190 in Zootaxa 3926 (2) on pages 174-175, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242192, {"references":["Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensburgi et Lipsiae, xxxii, 832 pp.","Milne-Edwards, A. & Bouvier, E. - L. (1892) Observations preliminaires sur les paguriens recueillis par les expeditions du Travailleur et du Talisman. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Serie 7 e, 13, 185 - 226.","Selbie, C. M. (1921) The Decapoda Reptantia of the coasts of Ireland. Part II: Paguridea. Fisheries Ireland Scientific Investigations, 1, 1 - 68.","Ingle, R. W. (1985) Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean hermit crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea: Paguridae). I. The genus Pagurus Fabricius, 1775. Journal of Natural History, 19, 745 - 769. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938500770461","Forest, J. (1955) Crustaces Decapodes, Pagurides. Expedition Oceanographique Belge dans les Eaux Cotieres Africaines de L'Atlantique Sud (1948 - 1949). Resultats Scientifiques. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belge, 3 (4), 23 - 147.","Zariquiey Alvarez, R. (1968) Crustaceos Decapodos Ibericos. Investigacion Pesquera, 32, 1 - 510.","d'Udekem d'Acoz, C. (1999) Inventaire et distribution des crustaces decapodes de l'Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Mediterranee et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25 ° N. Paris, Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Service du patrimoine naturel, 40, 1 - 383.","Follesa, M. C., Porcu, C., Gastoni, A., Mulas, A., Sabatini, A. & Cau, A. (2009) Community structure of bathyal decapod crustaceans off South-Eastern Sardinian deep-waters (Central-Western Mediterranean). Marine Ecology, 30 (s 1), 188 - 199. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.2009.00323. x","Mura, M., Orru, F. & Cau, A. (2006) Reproduction Strategy of the Deep-sea Hermit Crabs Pagurus alatus and Pagurus excavatus of the Central-Western Mediterranean Sea. Hydrobiologia, 557 (1), 51 - 57. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 005 - 1307 - x","Pipitone, C. & Arculeo, M. (2003) The marine Crustacea Decapoda of Sicily (central Mediterranean Sea): a checklist with remarks on their distribution. Italian Journal of Zoology, 70, 69 - 78. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000309356498","Serrano, A., Sanchez, F., Punzon, A., Velasco, F. & Olaso, I. (2011) Deep sea megafaunal assemblages off the northern Iberian slope related to environmental factors. Scientia Marina, 75 (3), 425 - 437. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2011.75 n 3425","Urzelai, A., Elizalde, M., Capellan, T., Esteban, I., Quiroga, A., Zabala, I. & Ibanez, M. (1990) Estudio preliminar de las comunidades de Pagurus alatus Fabricius, 1775 y Parapagurus pilosimanus S. l. Smith, 1879 (Crustacea Decapoda) y Epizoanthus paguriphilus Verrill, 1883 (Anthozoa Zoantarida) de la fosa de Cap Breton (Golfo de Vizcaya). Lurralde, 13, 193 - 206.","Williams, J. D. & McDermott, J. J. (2004) Hermit crab biocoenoses: A worldwide review of the diversity and natural history of hermit crab associates. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 305, 1 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2004.02.020","Garcia Raso, J. E. (1996) Crustacea Decapoda (excl. Sergestidae) from Ibero-Moroccan waters. Results of Balgim- 84 Expedition. Bulletin of Marine Science, 58 (3), 730 - 752.","Serrano, A., Sanchez, F. & Garcia-Castrillo, G. (2006) Epibenthic communities of trawlable grounds of the Cantabrian Sea. Scientia Marina, 70 S 1, 149 - 159.","Cartes, J. E., Serrano, A., Velasco, F., Parra, S. & Sanchez, F. (2007) Community structure and dynamics of deep-water decapod assemblages from Le Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic): Influence of environmental variables and food availability. Progress in Oceanography, 75, 797 - 816. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2007.09.003","Sanchez, F., Serrano, A., Parra, A., Ballesteros, M. & Cartes, J. E. (2008) Habitat characteristics as determinant of the structure and spatial distribution of epibenthic and demersal communities of Le Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, N Spain). Journal of Marine Systems, 72, 64 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jmarsys. 2007.04.008","Monteiro, P., Araujo, A., Erzini, K. & Castro, M. (2001) Discards of the Algarve (southern Portugal) crustacean trawl fishery. Hydrobiologia, 449, 267 - 277. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1017575429808","Kocak, C., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2001) Anomurans of the Aegean coasts of Turkey and reported species from Turkish seas. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 25, 305 - 311.","Abello, P., Carbonell, A. & Torres, P. (2002) Biogeography of epibenthic crustaceans on the shelf and upper slope off the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean coasts: implications for the establishment of natural management areas. Scientia Marina, 66 (2), 183 - 198.","Biagi, F., Sartor, P., Ardizzone, G. D., Belcari, P., Belluscio, A. & Serena, F. (2002) Analysis of demersal assemblages off the Tuscany and Latium coasts (north-western Mediterranean). Scientia Marina, 66 (2), 233 - 242.","Colloca, F., Carpentieri, P., Balestri, E. & Ardizzone, G. D. (2004) A critical habitat for Mediterranean fish resources: shelfbreak areas with Leptometra phalangium (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Marine Biology, 145 (6), 1129 - 1142. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 004 - 1405 - 8","Company, J. B., Maiorano, P., Tselepides, A., Politou, C. - Y., Plaity, W., Rotllant, G. & Sarda, F. (2004). Deep-sea decapod crustaceans in the western and central Mediterranean Sea: preliminary aspects of species distribution, biomass and population structure. Scientia Marina, 68 (3), 73 - 86.","Ungaro, N., Marano, C. A., Ceriola, L. & Martino, M. (2005) Distribution of demersal crustaceans in the southern Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica, 46 (1), 27 - 40.","Ates, A. S., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2006) Bathymetric distribution of decapod crustaceans on the continental shelf along the Aegean coasts of Turkey. Crustaceana, 79 (2), 129 - 141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854006776952928","Fanelli, E. F., Colloca, F. & Ardizzone, G. D. (2007) Decapod crustacean assemblages off the West coast of central Italy (western Mediterranean). Scientia Marina, 71 (1), 19 - 28.","Cartes, J. E., Maynou, F., Fanelli, E., Papiol, V. & Lloris, D. (2009) Long-term changes in the composition and diversity of deep-slope megabenthos and trophic webs off Catalonia (western Mediterranean): are trends related to climatic oscillations? Progress in Oceanography, 82, 32 - 46. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2009.03.003","Papiol, V., Cartes, J. E., Fanelli, E. & Maynou, F. (2012) Influence of environmental variables on the spatio-temporal dynamics of bentho-pelagic assemblages in the middle slope of the Baleric Basin (NW Mediterranean). Deep-Sea Research I, 61, 84 - 99. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2011.11.008","Ingle, R. W. (1993) Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea: an illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, 495 pp.","Milne-Edwards, A. & Bouvier, E. - L. (1900) Crustaces decapodes. Premiere partie. Brachyures et Anomoures. In: Milne- Edwards, A. (Ed.), Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Masson, Paris, pp. 1 - 396, 32 pls."]}

Pagurus prideaux Leach, 1815 (Fig. 17) Pagurus Prideaux Leach, 1815: text to and pl. 26 figs. 5, 6. Pagurus prideauxi. ��� Forest, 1966: 158. Pagurus prideaux. ��� Ingle, 1993: 148, figs. 121���124 (lit.). Material examined. MU86, 91��� 103 m, (1); MU88, 94��� 120 m, (1); MU201, 87 m, (2); MU205, 89��� 93 m, (2). Males: 6.17���6.86 mm, ovigerous females: 5.87���7.86 mm Habitat. Bottoms of Zostera marina Linnaeus, 1753, maerl and littoral detritic bottoms to bathyal muds (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999). Also reported in Posidonia oceanica meadows (Pipitone & Arculeo 2003; Ates et al. 2004) and rocky bottoms (Pipitone & Arculeo 2003; Pipitone & Vaccaro 2011). Pagurus prideaux was mainly found inhabiting shells of Fusinus rostratus (Olivi, 1792), Naticarius hebraeus (Martyn, 1786) and Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791) but was also found in Buccinum humphreysianum Bennett, 1824 and Galeodea echinophora (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Mediterranean Sea (Caruso et al. 2004). The symbionts on shells were summarized by Williams & McDermott (2004). We found our specimens on sandy bottoms, inhabiting shells of the gastropod species Calliostoma granulatum (Born, 1778), Natica canariensis Odhner, 1932 and an unidentified species of the genus Natica, associated with hydrozoan species Clytia paulensis (Vanh��ffen, 1910) and Hydractinia multitentaculata (Millard, 1975), as well as with the cirriped Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). All specimens were in symbiosis with the actinian Adamsia palliata (O. F. M��ller, 1776). Distribution. Widely distributed in the eastern Atlantic from the southwestern Norwegian coast to Guinea, including Madeira, the Canary and Cape Verde Islands and the Mediterranean Sea (Caruso et al. 2004). The record from the Red Sea was considered dubious by d���Udekem d���Acoz (1999). Bathymetric distribution from the intertidal zone (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999) down to 678 m depth (Caruso et al. 2004). Other records of this species (Ates et al. 2004; Ungaro et al. 2005; Ates et al. 2006; Serrano et al. 2006; Fanelli et al. 2007; Cartes et al. 2007; Garc��a-Mu��oz et al. 2008; S��nchez et al. 2008; Ko��ak et al. 2010; Serrano et al. 2011; Pipitone & Vaccaro 2011; El Lakhrach et al. 2010; Ellis et al. 2013) fit well with the above-mentioned distribution. Remarks. Our specimens coincide with those described and figured by Ingle (1993)., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species, pp. 151-190 in Zootaxa 3926 (2) on pages 177-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242192, {"references":["Leach, W. E. (1815 - 1875) Malacostraca Podophthalmata Britanniae; or descriptions of such British species of the Linnean Genus Cancer as have their eyes elevated on footstalks. London, Sowerby, 124 pp, pls. 1 - 45. [pl. 26 published 1815]","Forest J. (1966) Crustaces decapodes: Pagurides. Campagne de la Calypso dans le golfe de Guinee et aux iles Principe, Sao Tome et Annobon (1956), Annales del'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 44 (12), 125 - 172.","Ingle, R. W. (1993) Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea: an illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, 495 pp.","d'Udekem d'Acoz, C. (1999) Inventaire et distribution des crustaces decapodes de l'Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Mediterranee et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25 ° N. Paris, Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Service du patrimoine naturel, 40, 1 - 383.","Pipitone, C. & Arculeo, M. (2003) The marine Crustacea Decapoda of Sicily (central Mediterranean Sea): a checklist with remarks on their distribution. Italian Journal of Zoology, 70, 69 - 78. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000309356498","Ates, A. S., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2004) Decapod fauna of shallow water Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, 1813 meadows in the Aegean Sea coasts of Turkey. E. U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 21 (1 - 2), 39 - 42.","Pipitone, C. & Vaccaro, A. M. (2011) Crustacea Decapoda from Ustica (southern Tyrrhenian Sea): species distribution in different habitats and sampling approach. In: Pessani, D., Tirelli, T. & Froglia, C. (Eds.), IX Colloquium Crustacea Mediterranea Torino, September 2 - 6, 2008. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, pp. 413 - 434. [Italy]","Caruso, T., Falciai, L. & Zupo, V. (2004) Note on a deep population of Pagurus prideaux Leach, 1815 (Decapoda, Anomura). Crustaceana, 77 (6), 757 - 760. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 1568540041958608","Williams, J. D. & McDermott, J. J. (2004) Hermit crab biocoenoses: A worldwide review of the diversity and natural history of hermit crab associates. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 305, 1 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2004.02.020","Ungaro, N., Marano, C. A., Ceriola, L. & Martino, M. (2005) Distribution of demersal crustaceans in the southern Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica, 46 (1), 27 - 40.","Ates, A. S., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2006) Bathymetric distribution of decapod crustaceans on the continental shelf along the Aegean coasts of Turkey. Crustaceana, 79 (2), 129 - 141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854006776952928","Serrano, A., Sanchez, F. & Garcia-Castrillo, G. (2006) Epibenthic communities of trawlable grounds of the Cantabrian Sea. Scientia Marina, 70 S 1, 149 - 159.","Fanelli, E. F., Colloca, F. & Ardizzone, G. D. (2007) Decapod crustacean assemblages off the West coast of central Italy (western Mediterranean). Scientia Marina, 71 (1), 19 - 28.","Cartes, J. E., Serrano, A., Velasco, F., Parra, S. & Sanchez, F. (2007) Community structure and dynamics of deep-water decapod assemblages from Le Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic): Influence of environmental variables and food availability. Progress in Oceanography, 75, 797 - 816. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2007.09.003","Garcia-Munoz, J. E., Manjon-Cabeza, M. E. & Garcia-Raso, J. E. (2008) Decapod crustacean assemblages from littoral bottoms of the Alboran Sea (Spain, west Mediterranean Sea): spatial and temporal variability. Scientia Marina, 72 (3), 437 - 449.","Sanchez, F., Serrano, A., Parra, A., Ballesteros, M. & Cartes, J. E. (2008) Habitat characteristics as determinant of the structure and spatial distribution of epibenthic and demersal communities of Le Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, N Spain). Journal of Marine Systems, 72, 64 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jmarsys. 2007.04.008","Kocak, C., Kirkim, F. & Katagan, T. (2010) Anomuran (Crustacea, Decapoda) fauna of Fethiye Bay (Turkey, eastern Mediterranean). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34, 333 - 342.","Serrano, A., Sanchez, F., Punzon, A., Velasco, F. & Olaso, I. (2011) Deep sea megafaunal assemblages off the northern Iberian slope related to environmental factors. Scientia Marina, 75 (3), 425 - 437. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2011.75 n 3425","Ellis, J. R., Martinez, I., Burt, G. J. & Scott, B. E. (2013) Epibenthic assemblages in the Celtic Sea and associated with the Jones Bank. Progress in Oceanography, 117, 76 - 88. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2013.06.012"]}

Kornienko, Elena S., Korn, Olga M. (2015): Zoeal stages of Labidochirus anomalus (Balss, 1913) (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) obtained under laboratory conditions. Zootaxa 4028 (2): 215-226, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4028.2.3

Pagurus heblingi Nucci & Melo, 2003 Pagurus heblingi Nucci & Melo, 2003: 351, fig. 1 (type locality: Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro).— Lemaitre & Cruz Castaño, 2004: 71.— Nucci & Melo, 2007: 54, figs 1 D, 2 D, 3 D, 4 D.— McLaughlin et al., 2010: 33. New material. Brazil. TAAF MD55, 53 CB 92, 360 m, 19 ° 34 ’S, 38 ° 55 ’W, 29 May 1987: 1 male 3.8 mm (MZUSP 16830); TAAF MD 55, sta 57 CB 97, 600 m, 21 ° 34 ’S, 40 °08’W, 31 May 1987: 1 female 2.0 mm (MZUSP 16821); TAAF MD 55, sta 63 CB 104, 23° 42 ’S, 42 °07’W, 430 m, 1 Jun 1987: 1 ov female 2.2 mm (MZUSP 16819). Diagnosis. See Nucci & Melo (2003), and Nucci & Melo (2007). Distribution. Southwestern Atlantic: from Espírito Santo to northern coast of São Paulo, Brazil. Depth: 300 to 600 m. Remarks. This species was previously known exclusively from the type material collected along the coast of Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro (Nucci & Melo 2003), roughly near 22 ° 52 ’ 44 ”S, 42 °01’08”W. The material herein reported expands the horizontal range of this species for about 2 ° of latitude to the north and 1 ° of latitude to the south of the type locality, and also increases by 200 m the lower depth limit at which this species is known to live.

Eutrichopagurus shiarakawai n. sp. [New Japanese name: Shirakawa-yadokari] (Figs. 1���5) Material examined. Holotype: Ginowan, Okinawa Island, 5 m, under large rock, 25 June 2013, SCUBA diving, coll. N. Shirakawa, female (sl 1.85 mm), CBM-ZC 12569. Paratypes: Nakayukui, Onna Village, Okinawa Island, 3 m, under large rock, 28 July 2013, SCUBA diving, coll. N. Shirakawa, 1 female (sl 1.30 mm), CBM-ZC 12570; Sunabe, Chatan, Okinawa Island, 5 m, under large rock, 3 May 2014, SCUBA diving, coll. N. Shirakawa, 1 ovigerous female (sl 1.93 mm), CBM-ZC 12571; Ginowan, 3 m, under large rock, 18 August 2014, SCUBA diving, coll. N. Shirakawa, 1 female (sl 1.91 mm), CBM-ZC 12572. Description. Gills deeply quadriserial (Fig. 1 A), 11 pairs in number. Shield (Fig. 1 B) 1.0��� 1.1 times longer than wide; anterior margin between rostrum and lateral projections concave; anterolateral margins sloping; posterior margin roundly truncate; dorsal surface slightly convex transversely, with some tufts of short to moderately long setae laterally; no paragastric groove delineated. Rostrum triangular, terminating in acute tip, slightly overreaching lateral projections. Lateral projections triangular, each with small marginal spine slightly directed outward. Posterior carapace (Fig. 1 C) with lateral lobes very narrow, continuing with hinge between posterior margin of shield and anterior margin of posteromedian and posterolateral plates. Cardiac sulci slightly diverging posteriorly, overreaching midlength of posterior carapace. Sulci cardiobranchiales extending to midlength of posterior carapace, slightly converging posteriorly, followed by whitish line extending posteriorly along posterolateral margin of posterior carapace. Posteromedian and posterolateral plates poorly calcified; branchiostegites membranous, almost glabrous. Ocular peduncle (including cornea) (Fig. 1 B) moderately stout, about half length of shield, tapering distally to substantially reduced cornea; dorsal surface with prominent tuft of elongate stiff setae near base of cornea, followed by 1 tuft of shorter setae and few very short setae, lateral face with 1 tuft of long setae near base of cornea. Ocular acicles elongate, narrowly triangular, terminating acutely, slightly curved ventrally, directed outward, reaching proximal 0.4 of ocular peduncle; dorsal surface flat. Interocular lobe apparently fused with ocular acicles, overhung by rostrum, but partially visible in dorsal view; anterior surface slightly convex. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 1 B) moderately stout, when fully extended, overreaching distal corneal margin by approximately full length of ultimate segment. Ultimate segment (Fig. 1 D) about 1.8 length of penultimate segment, slightly widened distally, with tuft of long setae (length exceeding that of ultimate segment) on dorsodistal margin. Basal segment with distolateral margin not markedly produced; statocyst lobe slightly inflated, with small spine on lateral face. Dorsal flagellum subequal in length to ultimate peduncular segment, consisting of very short aesthetasc-bearing portion (4 or 5 articles) and long distal portion (4 elongate articles, more than twice of aesthetasc-bearing portion). Ventral flagellum about half length of ultimate peduncular segment, consisting of 4 articles. Antennal peduncle (Fig. 1 B) overreaching distal corneal margin by full length of fifth segment. Fifth segment slightly flattened and arcuate, with sparse setae. Fourth segment slightly inflated basally, with few setae mesially. Third segment with spinule at ventromesial distal margin (not visible in dorsal view). Second segment with dorsolateral distal angle produced, reaching midlength of fourth segment, terminating in simple, acute spine partially obscured by subterminal setae; dorsomesial distal angle with small spine; mesial surface with few short setae. First segment with small, anterolaterally directed spine on lateral face; ventromesial distal margin somewhat produced anteriorly, with small, mesially curved spine just lateral to green gland opening. Antennal acicle overreaching distal corneal margin by half length and reaching midlength of fifth peduncular segment, terminating in small spine partially obscured by tuft of setae; dorsomesial margin with row of sparse moderately long setae. Antennal flagellum (Fig. 1 E) more than 4 times of shield length, overreaching extended right cheliped; each article with 3���5 short to long setae on distal margin, making flagellum somewhat setose. Mouthparts not dissected. Third maxilliped (Fig. 1 F) moderately slender; carpus unarmed on dorsodistal margin; merus with strong dorsodistal spine and ventromesial spine arising proximal to midlength; ischium with well-developed crista dentata composed of small, closely set corneous teeth and 1 or 2 accessory teeth (Fig. 1 G); basis-ischium fusion incomplete; basis with few denticles on ventromesial margin; exopod reaching distal margin of carpus. Chelipeds unequal in length, dissimilar with right much more robust than left. Right cheliped (Figs. 2 A���D) large. Chela suboval in dorsal view, about 2.0 times as long as wide (greatest width at midlength of palm); surfaces of chela and carpus microscopically finely granulate. Dactylus about 0.8 length of palm, nearly straight; no conspicuous spines or tubercles on surfaces, dorsomesial margin not delimited, all surfaces with sparse tufts of (setae on ventral surface particularly long; cutting edge with some small, rounded calcareous teeth in proximal 0.8 and row of minute corneous teeth in distal 0.2, terminating in small corneous claw. Palm shorter than carpus, with sparse setae on surfaces (ventral setae longest); dorsomesial margin not delimited, dorsolateral margin bluntly ridged, with single or double row of tiny tubercles extending onto fixed finger; dorsal surface slightly elevated medially, with tiny tubercles or granules proximomedially, dorsomesial part with scattered tiny tubercles; ventral surface slightly convex. Fixed finger with row of calcareous teeth, decreasing in size distally, on cutting edge, terminating in minute corneous claw. Carpus not particularly flattened dorsoventrally, slightly widened distally, subequal in length to merus; dorsomesial margin not clearly delimited, but with row of small spines and row of long setae; dorsolateral margin also not clearly delimited, with row of tiny spines or tubercles; dorsal surface without conspicuous armature, but with few very short setae; lateral surface with scattered tiny, tubercles and few moderately long setae, ventrolateral distal angle unarmed; mesial surface with longitudinal row of small spines or tubercles adjacent to dorsomesial margin and few low, tiny protuberances or tubercles and sparse long setae, distomesial angle unarmed; ventral surface gently convex, with scattered long setae. Merus with very low, short transverse ridges on dorsal surface, dorsodistal margin unarmed; lateral surface mostly smooth, but with minute granules ventrally, ventrolateral margin with row of 5 small spines; mesial surface with scattered low, tiny tubercles or very low, short transverse ridges, ventromesial margin with 2 or 3 small spines proximal to midlength; ventral surface nearly flat, unarmed, with long setae laterally and mesially. Ischium with sparse short setae on surfaces; ventral surface with 1 small spine laterally; ventromesial margin with row of minute denticles. Coxa unarmed. Left cheliped (Fig. 3 A���C) moderately slender; surfaces of chela and carpus microscopically finely granular. Chela about 3.0 times longer than wide (greatest width at slightly proximal to base of dactylus). Dactylus about 0.9 times as long as palm, without conspicuous armature on surfaces; dorsomesial margin not delimited; surfaces with sparse short to moderately long setae; cutting edge with widely spaced, minute, broadly triangular calcareous teeth in proximal 0.8, distal 0.2 bordered by corneous plate fused in terminal claw. Palm about 0.8 times as long as carpus; median part of dorsal surface slightly elevated, with 2 irregular longitudinal rows of tiny tubercles, dorsal surface either side of elevated median part shallowly sulcate or concave; dorsomesial part not delimited in distinct margin, but with scattered tiny tubercles or granules; dorsolateral margin slightly delimited by double or triple row of tiny tubercles or granules extending onto fixed finger; ventral surface gently convex; surfaces with sparse short to long setae (setae on ventral surface longest). Cutting edge of fixed finger with row of minute, broadly triangular calcareous teeth (teeth more closely spaced toward distal), terminating in bifid corneous claw. Carpus about half length of merus; dorsolateral margin with 4 tiny spines, dorsomesial margin with 7 small spines arranged in double row, both margins with sparse moderately long setae; dorsal surface without conspicuous armature; lateral surface with scattered minute tubercles, distolateral angle unarmed; mesial surface with few small, low protuberances and long setae, distomesial angle unarmed; ventral surface gently convex, with sparse long setae. Merus with short, very low transverse ridges on dorsal surface, dorsodistal margin unarmed; lateral surface with scattered minute, low granules or tubercles, ventrolateral margin with 2 or 3 widely spaced small spines in distal half, followed by few minute tubercles in proximal half, and few long setae; mesial surface with scattered very short, low transverse ridges, ventromesial margin with 2 widely spaced spines and row of stiff long setae; ventral surface nearly flat. Ischium with small spine on lateral surface ventrally; ventromesial margin with row of minute denticles; surfaces with sparse short to long setae. Coxa unarmed. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 4 A, C) moderately long and slender, right second overreaching tip of right cheliped by half length of dactylus; third pereopods slightly longer than second pereopods; entire surfaces of dactyli to carpi, and ventral parts of lateral surfaces of meri minutely finely granular. Dactyli subequal in length to (second) or 1.1���1.2 (third) times as long as propodi, in dorsal view straight, in lateral slightly curved; dorsal margins each with row of sparse individual setae becoming shorter distally; lateral and mesial faces non-sulcate, each with row of sparse long setae adjacent to ventral margin; mesial faces unarmed (second; Fig. 4 B) or armed with few corneous spinules dorsodistally (third; Fig. 4 D); ventral margins each with 6���9 moderately short corneous spines. Propodi distinctly longer than carpi, slightly narrowing distally; dorsal surfaces each with sparse short to long stiff setae; lateral and mesial faces glabrous; ventral surfaces each with 1 small corneous spinule, distal margin with 1 or 2 corneous spines. Carpi armed each with 1 minute spine on dorsal surface mesially at proximal 0.2 or unarmed (second) or always unarmed (third), no dorsodistal spine; dorsal surfaces with sparse short to long setae, ventral surfaces only with few setae. Meri with sparse individual setae on dorsal and ventral margins; ventral margins each with 1 minute spine at distal 0.3 or unarmed (second) or always unarmed (third), ventrolateral distal margin all unarmed; mesial surfaces smooth. Ischia unarmed, with sparse setae on dorsal and ventral margins. Female with unpaired left gonopore (Fig. 1 H). Fourth pereopods (Fig. 1 I) semichelate. Dactyli nearly straight, each with row of minute corneous teeth on ventral margin, terminating in tiny corneous claw; no preungual process. Propodal rasp consisting of single row of small corneous scales. Fifth pereopods chelate. Third thoracic sternite with anterior margin slightly produced medially, unarmed, with prominent tuft of stiff setae medially. Sixth thoracic sternite (Fig. 1 H) with anterior lobe transversely oblong, with row of moderately short setae on anterior margin. Eighth thoracic sternite composed of 2 rounded, narrowly separated lobes, each lobe with numerous moderately short setae. Pleon (Fig. 5) dextrally twisted. Female with 4 unpaired pleopods; second to fourth pleopods slightly unequally biramous, fifth much smaller than preceding pleopods, uniramous. Uropods markedly asymmetrical, left about twice of right in length; protopods unarmed. Ovigerous female paratype carrying about 15 eggs. Male unknown. Variation. The number of accessory teeth of the third maxilliped is variable in the specimens examined, one on either side (non-ovigerous female paratype, CBM-ZC 12570) or two (holotype, CBM-ZC 12569; and two paratypes, CBM-ZC 12571, 12572). Spination on the carpi and meri of second pereopods is also variable. In the holotype (CBM-ZC 12569) and the two non-ovigerous paratypes (CBM-ZC 12570, 12572, carpi of the second pereopods each bears a minute spine on the dorsal surface proximal to the midlength, whereas in the ovigerous paratype (CBM-ZC 12571), such a spine is absent. Similarly, the meri of the second pereopods has a minute spine on the ventral surface in the holotype (CBM-ZC 12569) and two non-ovigerous paratypes (CBM-ZC 12570, 12572), while unarmed in the ovigerous paratype (CBM-ZC 12571). Coloration in life. Shield, ocular peduncles, antennal peduncles, chelipeds and ambulatory legs generally white, without conspicuous markings; cornea gray; posterior carapace and pleon transparent (Fig. 5 A, B). Eggs orange-yellow. Distribution and habitat. At present, known only from Okinawa Island (Ginowan, Chatan and Onna), Ryukyu Islands; shallow subtidal, 3��� 5 m. All the four specimens examined were found under large coral rocks on sand substrates (N. Shirakawa, pers. com.). Found to use gastropod shells for housing (Fig. 5 B). Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Mr. Naoki Shirakawa, a SCUBA diving instructor at Naha, Okinawa. He has much contributed to accumulate material of marine invertebrates from subtidal shallow waters in the Ryukyu Islands for taxonomic studies., Published as part of Komai, Tomoyuki, 2015, A new genus and new species of Paguridae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from shallow subtidal waters in Okinawa Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, pp. 250-260 in Zootaxa 3918 (2) on pages 251-259, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3918.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/236870

Michelopagurus atlanticus (Bouvier, 1922) (Figs. 16���18) Pagurodes atlanticus Bouvier, 1922: 24, pl. 3, fig. 5, pl. 4, fig. 4 (type locality: Azores, between Pico and S. Jorge, Campagnes de S.A.S. le Prince de Monaco of 1902, sta 1349).��� Ingle, 1993: 102, figs 69���72.���McLaughlin, 1997: 482. Michelopagurus atlanticus.��� McLaughlin, 1997: 482 (by implication).���Udekem d���Acoz, 1999: 179.��� McLaughlin et al., 2010: 30. New material. Brazil. Esp��rito Santo, TAAF MD 55, sta 45 CB 79, 19��01���S, 37 �� 47 ���W, 1500���1575 m, 28 May 1987: 1 male 2.9 mm (missing right cheliped) (MZUSP 16813); TAAF MD 55, sta 43 CB 77, 19��05���S, 37 �� 47 ���W, 900 ��� 790 m, 27 May 1987: 1 female 2.1 mm (MZUSP 16834). Diagnosis. Shield (Fig. 16 A) slightly longer than broad, naked or at most with scattered short setae. Rostrum broadly triangular, rounded. Ocular peduncles stout, short, less than half length of shield, with longitudinal row of 3 tufts of short setae on dorsal surface; acicles terminating in simple spine. Antennular peduncles long, exceeding distal margin of cornea by about half of penultimate segment. Antennal peduncle exceeding distal margin of cornea by full length of fifth segment; second segment with distolateral angle produced and terminating in bifid spine; antennal acicle long, exceeding cornea by half length of acicle, terminating in sharp spine, otherwise unarmed except for setae on mesial margin and distally. Chelipeds (Fig. 16 B���D) elongate, right stouter, exceeding left by about half length of fingers. Right cheliped with scattered setae; chela nearly smooth on all surfaces; carpus with dorsomesial and dorsolateral row of small spines or tubercles. Left cheliped with numerous short, transverse rows of setae dorsally on merus and carpus, and dorsomesial and dorsolateral rows of small spines on carpus. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 17 A���D) each with dactyls about 1.5 times as long as propodus, with ventromesial row of 10���14 slender spinules; segments unarmed except for scattered short setae on dorsal and ventral margins, and small dorsodistal spine on carpi. Fourth pereopod (Fig. 17 E) semichelate, propodal rasp consisting of single row of spatulate or lanceolate scales. Anterior lobe of sternite XII (Fig. 18 C) subdivided into 2 setose lobes. Uropods markedly asymmetrical. Telson (Fig. 18 A, B) with prominent median cleft separating slightly asymmetrical posterior lobes; rounded terminal margins of posterior lobes each with row of prominent spines, 2 of which are larger on one or both lobes, and spines more numerous and slender in female. Coxae of fifth pereopods of male (Fig. 18 C, D) symmetrical, each with similar short sexual tube protruding from gonopore. Female with paired, 1 - segmented first gonopods (Fig 18 E) modified as gonopods. Distribution. Amphi-Atlantic: eastern Atlantic, from the Azores; western Atlantic, off northern coast of Esp��rito Santo, Brazil. Depth: 790 to 1575 m. Remarks. This species, originally described in Pagurodes Henderson, 1888, was assigned by McLaughlin (1997) to her new genus Michelopagurus McLaughlin, 1997. Michelopagurus atlanticus was previously known only from the female holotype collected in the Azores, eastern Atlantic. Given its depth range from the lower slope to the continental rise, it is not surprising to find M. atlanticus also in the western Atlantic as similar amphi- Atlantic distribution is also known for other deep-water paguroids such as species of the parapagurid genera Parapagurus, Sympagurus, and Oncopagurus (see Lemaitre 1999, 2004, 2014). Bouvier���s (1922) original description of M. atlanticus included only a few, insufficient illustrations, whereas Ingle (1993) included detailed illustrations of the holotype. The discovery of a male and an additional female specimen of this species in the Brazilian collections reported herein, provide the opportunity to present a more complete diagnosis of this species., Published as part of Lemaitre, Rafael & Tavares, Marcos, 2015, New taxonomic and distributional information on hermit crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea) from the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Atlantic coast of South America, pp. 451-506 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on pages 486-489, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242551, {"references":["Bouvier, E. - L. (1922) Observations complementaires sur les Crustaces decapodes (Abstraction faite des Carides) provenant des Campagnes de S. A. S. le Prince de Monaco. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert 1 st Prince souverain de Monaco. Fasc. 62, 1 - 106.","Ingle, R. (1993) Hermit crabs of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea - an illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, 495 pp.","McLaughlin, P. A., Komai, T., Lemaitre, R. & Rahayu, D. L. (2010) Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea). Part 1, Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 23 (Supplement), 5 - 107.","Henderson, J. R. (1888) Report on the Anomura collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Scientific Results of the Exploratory Voyage of HMS Challenger, Zoology, 27, i - xi, 1 - 221. [Edinburgh etc., Her Majesty's Stationary Office]","Lemaitre, R. (1999) Crustacea Decapoda: A review of the species of the genus Parapagurus Smith, 1879 (Parapaguridae) from the Pacific and Indian Oceans. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 20. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 180, 303 - 378."]}

Solitariopagurus profundus Türkay, 1986 (Figs. 3–4) Solitariopagurus profundus Türkay 1986: 141, text-figs. 16–29.—Türkay 1996: 49, text-fig. 8.— McLaughlin 2000: 403 [in key, no new material].— McLaughlin et al. 2010: 36 [list]. Holotype. &male;, 3.04 × 2.98 mm, SMF 13568, Central Red Sea, Stat. So-02/ 51 -TA, 21 ° 21.05 'N, 38 °03.15'E, 1977–1995 m depth, ST-210, 21.X. 1977, R.V. "Sonne". Paratypes. Central Red Sea: Stat. So-02/ 58 -TA, (21 °04.7'N, 37 ° 55.4 'E), 1424 – 1310 m depth, ST-213, 22. X. 1977, R.V. "Sonne" (1 &male;, SMF 13570; 3 &female;, 3.5 × 3.9 mm to 5.1 × 5.1 mm, SMF 13571).—Stat. So-02/ 392 -TA (21 ° 15.5 'N, 38 °06.56'E), 1800–1960 m depth, ST-219, 17. XII. 1977, R.V. "Sonne" (1 &male;, 4.2 × 4.1 mm; 1 &female;, 3.2 × 3.5 mm, SMF 13578).—Stat. Va- 22 / 163 -FM (21 ° 24.47 'N, 38 °05.95'E), 1850 m depth, KF-2, 27.IV. 1979, R.V. "Valdivia" (1 &male;, SMF 13599). Other material. Central Red Sea: Stat. Me- 5 / 120 -Ku (21 ° 33.2 ’N, 38 °02.2’E – 21 ° 33.8 ’N, 38 °02.2’E), 1635–1672 m depth, 14.II. 1987, R. V. "Meteor" (2 &male;, 3.1 × 3.3 mm – 3.3 × 3.6 mm; 1 &female;, 3.6 × 4.0 mm; SMF 46895). NE of Masamirit: Stat. Me- 5 / 163 -Ku (19 ° 17.9 ’N, 38 °51.0’E – 19 ° 16.6 ’N, 38 ° 52.2 ’E), 1972–1975 m depth, 22.II. 1987, R. V. "Meteor"(1 &male;, 4.9 × 4.5 mm; 2 &female;, 4.2 × 4.7 mm – 4.9 × 5.3 mm; SMF 46896); Stat. Me- 5 / 176 -Ku (19 ° 18 ’N, 38 ° 51.8 ’E – 19 ° 16.7 ’N, 38 ° 53.7 ’E), 1968–1972 m depth, 24.II. 1987, R. V. "Meteor" (9 &male;, 4.4 × 4.7 mm – 4.7 × 4.6 mm, SMF 46897; 1 &female;, 3.7 × 4.2 mm, SMF 46898). Colouration. Carapace with slight pink background and darker red colour on inner hepatic regions. Chelipeds and following two pairs of legs of light colour; carpus, propodus and dactyl of chelipeds with darker red colouration along upper borders. Remarks. The specimens collected in 1987 during Meteor cruise 5 confirm that this species is characteristic for the central graben of the Red Sea, where it occurs around the brine deeps. So far it is known from the Atlantis II-deep area and south of the Suakin deep (Fig. 4). To date, it is not known if this species is associated with the specific environmental conditions around the brines described recently by Antunes et al. (2011) which include microbiological features that dramatically differ from that of the surrounding waters. While the species of Solitariopagurus have been recorded from the whole Indo-Pacific and also now also from a shallow part of the Red Sea, S. profundus still is endemic to the deep Red Sea. Morphologically it is well distinguishable from all other species of the genus by the smaller corneas and missing protuberances on the anterior carapace shield that are present in all other species of Solitariopagurus. The reduction of the cornea size is an adaptation seen in many deep sea species. The 1987 collection also confirms that this deep sea species also carries bivalve shells, as was found in the analysis of a trawl sample where one of the specimens from station Me- 5 / 176 -Ku was carrying a cuspidariid shell of the bivalve Cardiomya alcocki (Fig. 3)., Published as part of Türkay, Michael, 2015, A new species of Solitariopagurus from the Red Sea with notes on S. profundus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae), pp. 579-585 in Zootaxa 3920 (4) on pages 583-584, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/234315, {"references":["Turkay, M. (1986) Crustacea Decapoda Reptantia der Tiefsee des Roten Meeres. Senckenbergiana maritima, 18 (3 / 6), 123 - 185.","McLaughlin, P. A. (2000) Crustacea Decapoda: Porcellanopagurus Filhol and Solitariopagurus Turkay (Paguridae), from the New Caledonian area, Vanuatu and the Marquesas: new records, new species. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 184, 389 - 414.","McLaughlin, P. A., Komai, T., Lemaitre, R. & Rahayu, D. L. (2010) Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) part I - Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. Raffles bulletin of zoology, Supplement 23, 5 - 107.","Antunes, A., Ngugi, D. K. & Stingl, U. (2011) Microbiology of the Red Sea (and other) deep-sea anoxic brine lakes. Environmental Microbiology Reports, 3 (4), 416 - 433. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1758 - 2229.2011.00264. x"]}

Catapagurus gracilis (Smith, 1881) (Figs. 14, 15) Hemipagurus gracilis Smith, 1881: 426 [type locality by lectotype selection by Asakura (2001): NW Atlantic, off Marthas���s Vineyard, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 874, 40��00���N, 70 �� 57 ���W].��� Asakura, 2001: 832, figs 1 H, 4 A���S.��� Nizinski, 2003: 119. Catapagurus gracilis.��� Smith, 1882: 19, 1883b: 19, 1886: 38.��� A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893: 132, pls 25���30.��� Gordan, 1956: 306.��� Williams & Wigley, 1977: 9.��� McLaughlin, 2004 a: 13.��� McLaughlin et al., 2010: 28.��� Nucci & Melo, 2012: 81 (key). Catapagurus gracilis var. intermedius A Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893: 137, pl. 9, figs. 31���34 (type locality: off Barbados, USCSS Blake, sta 299, 13��05���N, 59 �� 39.66 ���W). Type material. Lectotype male 2.5 mm, selected by Asakura (2001) of Hemipagurus gracilis Smith, 1881, off Martha���s Vineyard, NE United States, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 874, 40��00���N, 70 �� 57 ���W, 156 m, 13 Sep 1880 (USNM 5081); paralectotypes, same station data as lectotype: 4 males 1.6���1.9 mm, 1 female 1.8 mm (USNM 1000218). Lectotype male 1.6 mm (dismembered), herein selected of Catapagurus gracilis var. intermedius A Milne- Edwards & Bouvier, 1893, Dominica, USCSS Blake, sta 192, 15�� 1733 ���N, 61 �� 24.3 ���W, 253 m, 30 Jan 1879 (MCZ 4028); paralectotype male 1.8 mm (dismembered), off Barbados, USCSS Blake sta 299, 13��05���N, 59 �� 39.66 ���W, 256 m, 10 Mar 1879 (MCZ 4027). New material. Eastern United States. Massachusetts: off Martha's Vineyard, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 920, 40�� 13 ���00���N, 70 �� 41 ��� 54 ���W, 115 m, 16 Jul 1881: 2 males 1.9, 2.1 mm, 2 ov females 1.7, 1.8 mm (USNM 35300); off Martha's Vineyard, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 865, 40��05���N, 70 �� 23 ���W, 119 m, 4 Sep 1880: 1 male [not measured] (USNM 5076); off Martha's Vineyard, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 949, 40��03���00���N, 70 �� 31 ���00���W, 183 m, 23 Aug 1881: 2 males 1.6, 1.8 mm, 7 females 1.3���2.2 mm, 4 ov females 1.6���2.2 mm (USNM 12559); off Martha's Vineyard, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 870, 40��02��� 36 ���N, 70 �� 22 ��� 58 ���W, 283 m, 4 Sep 1880: 3 males 1.6���2.2 mm, 1 ov female 2.0 mm (USNM 5079); off Martha's Vineyard, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 871, 40��02��� 54 ���N, 70 �� 23 ��� 40 ���W, 210 m, 4 Sep 1880: 2 males 2.6, 2.7 mm, 1 ov female 2.2 mm (USNM 35400); S of Nantucket Shoals, USFC Albatross, sta 2245, 40��01��� 15 ���N, 70 �� 22 ���00���W, 179 m, 26 Sep 1884: 1 male 2.4 mm, 1 ov female 2.0 mm (USNM 7170); S of Martha's Vineyard, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 1038, 39�� 58 ���N, 70 ��06���W, 267 m, 21 Sep 1881: 1 male 1.8 mm (USNM 5078); off Martha's Vineyard, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 877, 39�� 56 ���00���N, 70 �� 54 ��� 18 ���W, 230 m, 13 Sep 1880: 1 male 2.3 mm, 2 ov females 1.8, 2.3 mm (USNM 5077); off Martha's Vineyard, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 940, 39�� 54 ���00���N, 69 �� 51 ��� 30 ���W, 245 m, 4 Aug 1881: 1 male 2.1 mm, 1 ov female 2.3 mm (USNM 34047); Vineyard Sound, USFC [no ship data], sta 5005, 110 m, 1886: 3 male 1.9 ���2.0 mm, 2 ov females 1.5, 1.8 mm (USNM 1010632); off Martha's Vineyard, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 879, 39�� 49 ��� 30 ���N, 70 �� 54 ���00���W, 411 m, 13 Sep 1880: 3 males 1.7���2.2 mm, 1 ov female 2.3 mm (USNM 21406); S of Martha's Vineyard, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 1040, 170.1 m, 21 Sep 1881: 2 males 1.6, 1.9 mm, 1 female 2.1 mm, 1 ov female 1.9 mm (USNM 5083). New Jersey: USFC Grampus, sta 5005, 40��01���00���N, 71 ��05���00���W, 190 m, 19 Aug 1886: 3 males 1.9���2.2 mm, 2 ov females 1.6, 1.7 mm (USNM 11876); CABP, sta G6, 39�� 40 ��� 30 ���N, 72 ��00��� 24 ���W, 178 m, 14 Aug 1977, coll. VIMS: 1 sex indet., damaged (USNM 179410); CABP, sta A1, 39�� 14 ��� 42 ���N, 72 �� 47 ��� 18 ���W, 91 m, 3 Nov 1975, coll. VIMS: 1 male 1.7 mm (USNM 185572); CABP, sta A1, 39�� 14 ��� 42 ���N, 72 �� 47 ��� 24 ���W, 90 m, 4 Mar 1976, coll. VIMS: 3 males 1.2���2.3 mm, 1 ov female 2.0 mm (USNM 185573); CABP, sta A1, 39�� 14 ��� 42 ���N, 72 �� 47 ��� 24 ���W, 90 m, 4 Mar 1976, coll. VIMS: 4 males 1.7 ���2.0 mm, 4 ov females 1.9���2.1 mm (USNM 185574), 12 males 1.2���2.4 mm, 18 ov females 1.6���2.1 mm (USNM 185582); CABP, sta A1, 39�� 14 ���00���N, 72 �� 47 ���00���W, 91 m, 12 Sep 1977, coll. VIMS: 1 male 1.8 mm (USNM 185579), 8 males 1.3���2.7 mm, 4 females 1.6���1.9 mm, 5 ov females 1.6���1.9 mm (USNM 185580), 13 males 1.3���2.7 mm, 4 females 1.6���1.9 mm, 9 ov females 1.3���2.4 mm (USNM 185581); CABP, sta J1, 38�� 50 ���00���N, 72 �� 55 ���00���W, 400 m, 12 Sep 1977, coll. VIMS: 4 males 1.8���2.2 mm, 2 females 1.5, 1.6 mm, 6 ov females 1.3���1.9 mm (USNM 185578); CABP, sta J1, 38�� 45 ���00���N, 73 ��01���00���W, 400 m, 25 Aug 1976, coll. VIMS: 1 male 1.9 mm (USNM 185577); CABP, sta F1, 38�� 44 ���00���N, 73 �� 14 ��� 42 ���W, 85 m, 31 Oct 1975, coll. VIMS: 1 male 1.7 mm (USNM 185575); CABP, sta F1, 38�� 43 ���00���N, 73 �� 14 ���00���W, 85 m, 24 Aug 1976, coll. VIMS: 1 ov female 2.1 mm (USNM 185576). Delaware: CABP, sta K5, 38��01��� 30 ���N, 73 �� 53 ��� 48 ���W, 152 m, 16 Feb 1977, coll. VIMS: 1 male 2.1 mm (USNM 179204). Virginia: off mouth of Chesapeake Bay, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 896, 37�� 26 ���00���N, 74 �� 19 ���00���W, 102 m, 16 Nov 1880, 1 male 1.6 mm (USNM 4997), 1 male 1.7 mm (USNM 77452); off mouth of Chesapeake Bay, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 899, 37�� 24 ���00���N, 74 �� 29 ���00���W, 105.2 m, 16 Nov 1880, 1 male 2.2 mm (USNM 4996); USFC Albatross, sta 2265, 37��07��� 40 ���N, 74 �� 35 ��� 40 ���W, 128 m, 18 Oct 1884: 7 males 1.6���1.9 mm, 1 female 1.5 mm (USNM 38131); USFC Albatross, sta 2265, 37��07��� 40 ���N, 74 �� 35 ��� 40 ���W, 128 m, 18 Oct 1884: 2 male 1.6, 1.7 mm (USNM 7213), 2 male 1.7, 1.9 mm (USNM 77449). North Carolina: North American Slope, off North Carolina, R/V Gilliss, sta GI��� 76 ���01���68, 37��01��� 30 ���N, 74 �� 39 ���W, 150 m, 31 Jan 1976: 1 male 2.5 mm (USNM 1111065). Gulf of Mexico. R/V Tommy Munro, MAMES, cruise B 1, sta D 4, sample MMS��� MAMES /B 1:D 4 ���5, 29�� 40 ��� 30 ���N, 89 �� 16 ���00���W, 200 m, 30 Sep 1987, coll. D. Harper: 1 male 0.7 mm (USNM 1108043); Florida Keys, off Key West, USFC Fish Hawk, sta 7282, 24�� 21 ��� 15 ���N, 81 �� 52 ��� 15 ���W, 199 m, 19 Feb 1902: 1 ov female 1.7 mm (USNM 102590); Florida Keys, sta 71, 347 ��� 512 m, 5 Aug 1932, coll. W.L. Schmitt: 1 ov female 1.3 mm (USNM 102714); Florida Keys, Sambo Key, 246.9 m, 1916, coll. J. Henderson: 1 male 1.8 mm (USNM 102715). Bahamas. Straits of Florida, Cay Sal Bank, N of Muerto Cay, R/V Gerda, cruise 6804, sta 986, 24��05���00���N, 80 �� 19 ���00���W, 137���239 m, 5 Mar 1968: 1 male 1.1 mm (USNM 1010543). Brazil. Esp��rito Santo, TAAF MD 55, sta 54 CB 93, 19�� 36 ���S, 38 �� 53 ���W, 707���733 m, 30 May 1987: 1 male 1. 7 mm, in gastropod shell (MZUSP 16829); S��o Paulo, TAAF MD 55, sta 64 CB 105, 23�� 46 ���S, 42 ��09���W, 592���610 m, 2 May 1987 (2 lots): 1 ov female 1.7 mm (MZUSP 16811), 1 male 1.9 mm, (MZUSP 16824). Diagnosis. See Asakura (2001, as Hemipagurus gracilis). Distribution. Western Atlantic: eastern coast of the United States, from Massachusetts to Florida Keys, Bahamas, Gulf of Mexico, Barbados, to off northern coast of S��o Paulo, Brazil. Depth: 85 to 733 m. Remarks. Catapagurus gracilis has seldom been reported since it was described from the northeastern coast of the United States by Smith (1881 as Hemipagurus gracilis). A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1893) subsequently expanded the distribution of C. gracilis to Barbados, although this Caribbean island in the Lesser Antilles has often not been included in published accounts of this species (e.g., Asakura 2001, as Hemipagurus gracilis; Felder et al. 2009). Since then, however, numerous specimens have been deposited in the USNM, unreported except for Felder et al. ���s (2009) report of a few specimens from the Gulf of Mexico and Florida Keys. Thus, the discovery of this species off the Brazilian coast represents a remarkable southward range extension from Barbados to the southern hemisphere, covering nearly 37 �� of latitude. We herein add this species to the hermit crab fauna of Brazil, and illustrate specimens (Figs. 14, 15) collected during the TAAF expedition. Additional records are herein provided for this often abundant species, from the eastern coast of the United States, Bahamas, and Gulf of Mexico. A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier separated Catapagurus gracilis var. intermedius from the ���typical��� form primarily based on differences in the width of the shield (wider in the ���variety���), cheliped proportions (shorter in the ���variety���), and dilation of corneae (more dilated in the ���variety���). However, when sufficient specimens are studied, it is evident that such differences clearly represent intraspecific variations of C. gracilis that are growth related or result of sexual dimorphism. Thus, Catapagurus var. intermedius A Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893, is herein formally placed in synonymy with the nominal subspecies as per the recommendation by McLaughlin et al. (2010: 28, and note therein: 37), and based on our comparisons of type materials with numerous specimens of the nominal C. gracilis in the general collections of the USNM., Published as part of Lemaitre, Rafael & Tavares, Marcos, 2015, New taxonomic and distributional information on hermit crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea) from the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Atlantic coast of South America, pp. 451-506 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on pages 483-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242551, {"references":["Asakura, A. (2001) A revision of the hermit crabs of the genera Catapagurus A. Milne-Edwards and Hemipagurus Smith from the Indo-West Pacific (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 15, 823 - 891. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 00034","Nizinski, M. S. (2003) Annotated checklist of decapod crustaceans of Atlantic coastal and continental shelf waters of the United States. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116 (1), 96 - 157.","Smith, S. I. (1882) 26. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer \" Blake \", Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880), 1 - 108.","Milne-Edwards, A. & Bouvier, E. - L. (1893) Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877 - 78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878 - 79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer \" Blake \", Lieut. - Commander C. D Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. 33. Description des Crustaces de la famille des paguriens recueillis pendant l'expedition. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 14 (3), 5 - 172.","Gordan, J. (1956) A bibliography of pagurid crabs, exclusive of Alcock, 1905. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 108, 253 - 352.","Williams, A. B. & Wigley, R. L. (1977) Distribution of Decapod Crustacea off Northeastern United States Based on specimens at the Northeast Fisheries Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, Circular 407, 1 - 13.","McLaughlin, P. A. (2004 a) A reappraisal of the hermit crab genera Catapagurus A. Milne-Edwards and Hemipagurus Smith (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea: Paguridae), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 433, 1 - 16.","McLaughlin, P. A., Komai, T., Lemaitre, R. & Rahayu, D. L. (2010) Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea). Part 1, Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 23 (Supplement), 5 - 107.","Nucci, P. R. & Melo, G. A. S. de (2012) A new species of Catapagurus A. Milne-Edwards (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from Brazil, with a key to the western Atlantic species. Zootaxa, 3499, 81 - 85."]}

Pagurus rotundimanus Wass, 1963 (Figs. 21, 22) Pagurus rotundimanus Wass, 1963: 149, fig. 8 (type locality: Dry Tortugas, R/V Oregon, sta 1005, 24�� 20 ' N, 83 �� 20 ' W).��� Pequegnat, 1983: 121, fig. 66.��� Lemaitre & Cruz Casta��o, 2004: 77.���Felder et al., 2009: 1071.��� McLaughlin et al., 2010: 34. Type material. Gulf of Mexico: holotype male 4.0 mm, off Florida, R/V Oregon, sta 1005, 24�� 20 ���N, 83 �� 20 ���W, 347 m, 13 Apr 1954 (USNM 97466). Paratypes, Florida Keys: 1 ov female 2.7 mm, Florida Keys, sta 68, [no depth data], 1 Aug 1932, coll. W. L. Schmitt (USNM 103425); 1 ov female 3.7 mm, Florida Keys, sta 30���32, 247 m, 2 Jul 1932, coll. W.L. Schmitt (USNM 103426); 2 males 3.7, 3.8 mm, 2 females 2.8, 4.2 mm, 1 ov female 3.3 mm, Florida Keys, sta 67, 256 ��� 360 m, 1 Aug 1932, coll. W.L. Schmitt (USNM 103431); 1 female 3.5 mm, 1 ov female 3.6 mm, Florida Keys, 17.5 miles S of no. 2 red buoy, Tortugas Expedition Carnegie Lab, sta 32���31, 280 ��� 289 m, 22 Jul 1931, coll. W.L. Schmitt (USNM 103436); 1 male 3.4 mm, Florida Keys, about 18 miles due S of no. 2 red buoy, Tortugas Expedition Carnegie Lab, sta 18���31, 375 ��� 404 m, 3 Jul 1931, coll. W.L. Schmitt (USNM 107820). New material. Gulf of Mexico. Off Florida, R/V Citation IV, sta, E 1 A, 28 �� 54 ��� 22 ���N, 86 �� 24 ��� 24 W,BLM/MMS, NGOMCS/ 4503, 351 m, 14 May 1985, coll. LGL Ecological Research Associates: 1 male 2.4 mm (USNM 265248); off Florida, R/V Citation IV, sta E 2 A, 28 �� 35 ���01���N, 86 �� 45 ��� 44 ���W, BLM/MMS, NGOMCS/ 4502, 625 m, 13 May 1985, coll. LGL Ecological Research Associates: 2 males 2.4, 2.5 mm, 1 female 2.1 mm (USNM 265252); off Florida, R/V Citation IV, sta E01, 28 �� 28 ��� 47 ���N, 86 ��02��� 32 ���W, BLM/MMS, NGOMCS/ 4504, 351 ��� 357 m, 14 May 1985, coll. LGL Ecological Research Associates: 2 males 2.1, 3.1 mm, 3 females 3.6���4.5 mm (USNM 265249); off Florida, R/V Citation IV, sta E 2 B, 28 �� 18 ��� 58 ���N, 86 �� 18 ��� 56 ���W, BLM/MMS, NGOMCS/ 4511, 600 ��� 625 m, 17 May 1985, coll. LGL Ecological Research Associates: 2 females 2.5, 2.8 mm (USNM 265251); off Florida, R/V Citation IV, sta E 2 D, 28 ��07��� 38 ���N, 85 �� 51 ��� 36 ���W, BLM/MMS, NGOMCS/ 4508, 624 ��� 631 m, 16 May 1985, coll. LGL Ecological Research Associates: 1 male 1.9 mm (USNM 265253); off Louisiana, R/V Citation V, sta WC���1, 27�� 42 ��� 58 ���N, 92 �� 52 ���05���W, BLM/MMS, NGOMCS/ 5501, 344 ��� 393 m, 7 Jun 1985, coll. LGL Ecological Research Associates: 2 females 2.1, 3.0 mm, 2 ov females 2.1, 2.8 mm (USNM 265254); off Louisiana, R/V Gyre II, sta W01, 27 �� 37 ���00���N, 93 �� 33 ��� 36 ���W, BLM/MMS, NGOMCS/ 2022, 342 m, 4 Apr 198, coll. LGL Ecological Research Associates: 1 male 3.4 mm, 1 female 3.1 mm (USNM 265250); 25 �� 55 ���08���N, 96 �� 25 ��� 43 ���W, 311���384 m, 13 Jun 1989, coll. M. Wicksten: 1 male 3.1 mm (USNM 259393). Caribbean Sea. ESE of Cabo Gracias a Dios, coast of Nicaragua-Honduras, R/V Pillsbury, sta 1355, 14�� 40 ���N, 81 �� 33 ���W, 440���797 m, 31 Jan 1971: 1 female 2.0 mm (USNM 1238335); Colombia, B/I Anc��n, sta EA 268, 8�� 59 ��� 24.8 ���N ��� 8 �� 59 ��� 30.2 ���N, 76 �� 45 ��� 42.8 ���W - 76 �� 46 ��� 27.6 ���W, 500 m, 6 Jun 2008, coll. INVEMAR: 1 male 3.4 mm (USNM 1238334). Diagnosis. Shield (Fig. 21 A) about as long as broad or slightly broader than long, naked or with scattered short setae; lateral projections terminating in small spine; rostrum broadly triangular, rounded. Ocular peduncles about 0.7 times as long as shield, with few short setae dorsally; cornea dilated; acicles subtriangular, each terminating in simple subterminal spine. Antennular peduncles exceeding distal margin of cornea by nearly full length of ultimate segment, with scattered short setae. Antennal peduncle exceeding distal margin of cornea by one-third length of fifth segment; second segment with distolateral angle produced and terminating strong spine; acicle reaching to or slightly exceeding distal margin of cornea, terminating in sharp spine, unarmed except for setae on mesial margin; flagellum with scattered short setae ��� 1 article in length. Third maxilliped ischium (Fig. 21 B) with simple or bifid accessory tooth. Chelipeds (Fig. 21 C, D) markedly dissimilar in strength; tip of fingers of left reaching to about midlength of fingers of right. Right cheliped with dense, fine setae on dorsal surfaces of chela and carpus; fingers straight, distinctly shorter than palm, cutting edges each with 5 or 6 subequal, large calcareous teeth; chela mostly smooth except for dorsomesial row of small spines or tubercles; carpus smooth except for dorsomesial row of weak (Fig.) or strong spines. Left cheliped moderately covered with setae; fingers about 1.5 times as long as palm and terminating in small inwardly curved corneous claw; chela with elevated dorsomedian ridge armed with row of small spines; carpus with dorsomesial and dorsolateral rows of small spines, and 2 small spines on dorsodistal margin laterally. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 22 A���D) slender; dactyl long, about 1.8 times as long as propodus, unarmed except for row of long setae on nearly entire dorsal margin, and ventromesial row of long setae on distal half; meri, carpi and propodi unarmed except for short setae on dorsal margins, small dorsodistal spine on each carpus, and 2 or 3 small spines distally on ventral margin of merus of first ambulatory leg (second pereopod). Fourth pereopod (Fig. 22 E) semichelate, propodal rasp consisting of single row of ovate scales; lacking preungual process. Anterior lobe of sternite XII (Fig. 21 E) subsemicircular. Uropods markedly asymmetrical. Telson (Fig. 21 F) nearly symmetrical, 1.5 times as long as broad, with prominent U-shaped median cleft separating posterior lobes; terminal margins of posterior lobes each with row of about 5���11 unequal blunt to sharp spines increasing in strength distally (2 or 3 most distal spines usually largest and ventrally curved). Distribution. Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas, and Caribbean, from off Nicaragua-Honduras border to Colombia. Depth: 247 to 631 m. Color. Based on Wass (1963: 151, fig. 8): ambulatory legs each with light red band medially on merus and propodus, and right cheliped with light red band distally on merus and proximally on carpus. Remarks. This rare species had not been mentioned in the literature since its original description by Wass (1963) from the Dry Tortugas, Florida, until Felder et al. (2009) updated its distribution in the Gulf of Mexico. The specimens reported herein of Pagurus rotundimanus in the southwest and southern Caribbean, significantly expands the distribution of this species both horizontally and vertically., Published as part of Lemaitre, Rafael & Tavares, Marcos, 2015, New taxonomic and distributional information on hermit crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea) from the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Atlantic coast of South America, pp. 451-506 in Zootaxa 3994 (4) on pages 493-496, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242551, {"references":["Wass, M. L. (1963) New species of hermit crabs (Decapoda, Paguridae) from the western Atlantic. Crustaceana, 6 (2), 133 - 157. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854063 X 00525","Pequegnat, W. E. (1983 The ecological communities of the continental slope and adjacent regimes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Prepared by TerEco Corporation, for Minerals Management Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, Contract AA 851 - CT 1 - 12, 389 pp. + Appendix TerEco Corporation, College Station. [in collaboration with: Pequegnat, L. H., Kleypas, J. A., James, B. M., Kennedy, E. A. & Hubbard, G. F.]","Lemaitre, R. & Cruz Castano, N. (2004) A new species of Pagurus Fabricius, 1775 from the Pacific coast of Colombia, with a checklist of the eastern Pacific species of the genus. Nauplius 12 (2), 71 - 82.","McLaughlin, P. A., Komai, T., Lemaitre, R. & Rahayu, D. L. (2010) Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea). Part 1, Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 23 (Supplement), 5 - 107."]}

Solitariopagurus cauticolus sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2) Holotype. Ovig. &female;, 3.2 × 3.7 mm, SMF 47040, Sudan, Sanganeb Reef, station, off south jetty, outer reef slope, 19 ° 43.18 'N, 37 ° 26.5 'E, 20 m depth, SCUBA diving, from stones, 29.III. 1991, leg. V. Neumann. Diagnosis. Rostrum rounded, with dorsomedian longitudinal keel. Dorsal surface of carapace with 4 protuberances behind anterior margin, median ones bifid, lateral ones broadly rounded. Ocular peduncles tuberculate anteriorly. Antennular peduncles only slightly overreaching ocular peduncles. Carpus of right cheliped tuberculate in upper half of external face. Description. Shield (Fig. 1 B) much broader than long, dorsal surface with 4 lobes behind anterior margin, median ones bifid at tip, lateral ones more than 2 times as broad as long. Exorbital spine slender, well curved, acute at tip; first anterolateral tooth behind it much shorter, but also spiniform; following (second) tooth triangular, its tip subacute; last (third) tooth at much greater distance than former two, bluntly hook shaped. Rostrum broadly triangular, rounded at tip, with subconvex lateral borders and longitudinal keel in midline. Linea transversalis forming a broad and regular curve towards posterior side of shield, posteromedian plate narrowest at midline, posterior carapace lateral lobes trapezoid, narrower distally than proximally. Remaining posterior parts of carapace membraneous. Ocular peduncles (Fig. 1 C) of nearly half length of shield including rostrum, slightly constricted behind cornea, anterior face proximally with prominent triangular protrusion, dorso-frontal face with irregular row of 4 tubercles. Sternum (Fig. 1 D) with sternite of third maxilliped produced in two spines anteriorly at either side of midline and tubercle about halfway between terminal spine and lateral corner; sternite of chelipeds clearly broader than long, with deep concave indentation in midline and acute teeth on either sides of it, lateral borders slightly curved; sternite of second pereopods broader than long, with V-shaped indentation on lateral borders, posterolateral borders rounded, plate with deep longitudinal furrow in midline; sternite of third pereopods with well separated crescentshaped anterior lobe, posterior lobe with median indentation. Third maxilliped endopodite pediform, all articles smooth, without any spines. Basis-ischium as long as merus. carpus shorter than merus, enlarged towards its distal end, forming a terminal bulge. Propodus as long as merus, with a group of long setae close to its anteroventral corner. Dactyl shorter than propodus, slightly tapering towards rounded tip, with short setae along its ventral margin, and a tuft of long ones at the distal end. Right cheliped merus (Fig. 2 A) triangular in cross section, all three margins with row of small spines, the most proximal one of upper margin much longer than the others, lower margin with spines of alternating sizes, upper and lower faces granulate, granules getting larger towards midline. Carpus (Fig. 2 C) about of same length as merus, its anterior face with irregularly arranged pointed tubercles, upper and lower margins slightly elevated. Palm (Fig. 2 B) broadly ovoid, about as long as carpus, slightly longer than fingers; external surface smooth and shining, upper and lower margins elevated and finely granular; dactyl with larger molar shaped tooth at proximal fourth, otherwise dentition of fingers low and irregular. Left cheliped missing. Pereopods 2–3 (P 2–3) (Fig. 2 D) long and slender, pereopod 3 slightly longer than the preceding one. Meri broader at base than at distal end, dorsal and ventral borders with very low serrations, otherwise smooth, without obvious granulation, movable spiniform bristle at distal end of posterior border adjacent to articulation with propodus. Carpi clearly less than half length of meri, without obvious granulation. Propodi smooth on both faces, posterior margin of both with two movable spiniform bristles at 1 / 3 and 2 / 3 distance from articulation with carpus and similar double bristle at articulation with dactyl, anterior border with one such bristle at proximal 1 / 4. Dactyls very slightly shorter than propodi, lower margins with 10 (P 2) and 11 (P 3) movable spiniform bristles. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 2 F) strongly subchelate, rasp with few spines. Pereopod 5 subchelate, fingers similarly long. Female genital opening on posterior face of left coxa only. Abdominal somites membraneous, hardly discernible; somites IV and V of a broadly rounded shape; somite VI subquadrangular, with well discernible transverse suture at anterior fourth. Three unpaired uniramous pleopods. Telson twice as long as broad, rounded terminally, with strong suture at posterior third. Uropod (Fig. 2 E) protopodite with posteriorly directed spine, endopod elongate and rounded at tip, exopod broadly rounded, both with well developed rasps. Males unknown Remarks. This species is easily distinguished from all others of the genus through the bifid mesial lobes behind the anterior carapace margin (in all other species this lobe is entire or missing as in S. profundus); the strongly tuberculate anterior face of the ocular peduncles reaching along the whole stretch between the cornea and the proximal end, while in the only other species with ocular tubercles, S. trullirostris, the tubercles are grouped in the centre of the peduncle; the strongly tuberculate external face of the cheliped carpus where the tubercles are not confined to the midline and spread over most of the surface. FIGURE 1. Solitariopagurus cauticolus, holotype, ovig. &female;, 3.2 × 3.7 mm, SMF 47040. A, dorsal habitus; B, carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal aspect; C, right eye; D, sternum (sternites of 3 rd maxilliped to 3 rd pereopod); Scales: A–B = 1 mm; D–E = 0.5 mm. This species is apparently reef associated, the only other one taken at a similar habitat, but also considerably deeper is S. trullirostris. Etymology. The species name is a combination of “cautis” meaning reef in Latin and the suffix –colus signifying “dweller”. This refers to the species being a reef inhabitant., Published as part of Türkay, Michael, 2015, A new species of Solitariopagurus from the Red Sea with notes on S. profundus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae), pp. 579-585 in Zootaxa 3920 (4) on pages 580-582, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/234315

Eutrichopagurus n. gen. [New Japanese name: Shirakawa-yadokari-zoku] Type species. Eutrichopagurus shirakawai n. sp. Gender: masculine. Diagnosis. Eleven pairs of deeply quadriserial phyllobranchiate gills [including 2 pairs of arthrobranchs above bases of third maxillipeds to fourth pereopods and 1 pair of pleurobranch on seventh thoracomere (fourth pereopods)]. Rostrum acutely triangular. Ocular acicles elongate, simple. Third maxilliped with 2 accessory teeth and well developed crista dentata on ischium. Chelipeds unequal and dissimilar. Sixth thoracic sternite with subrectangular anterior lobe, unarmed. Fourth pereopods semichelate; propodal rasp consisting of 1 row of corneous scales; no preungual process. Female with single gonopore on coxa of left third pereopod; no paired first pleopods; second to fifth left pleopods unequally biramous. Telson with row of long setae on lateral margins of posterior lobes. Male unknown. Composition. Monotypic. Remarks. Except for the gill structure, Eutrichopagurus n. gen. is substantially similar to Trichopagurus. Shared diagnostic characters are: gills 11 pairs, including one pair of pleurobranchs on seventh thoracomere; third maxilliped with at least one accessory tooth and well-developed crista dentata on ischium; chelipeds distinctly unequal; female without right gonopore and first pleopods modified as gonopods; telson with prominent setae on lateral margin of each posterior lobe. In particular, the last character is not heretofore known for pagurid species other than the four species currently assigned to Trichopagurus (Komai & Osawa 2005; Komai & Poupin 2012; Komai 2013). The new genus is immediately distinguished from Trichopagurus by the deeply quadriserial, rather than biserial, phyllobranchiate gills. Trichopagurus was originally diagnosed by the possession of 11 pairs of intermediate gills (de Saint Laurent 1970; = quadriserial phyllobranchiate as defined by McLaughlin & de Saint Laurent 1998), and this was followed by McLaughlin (2003). However, Komai & Osawa (2005) clarified that the gill structure of the type species of Trichopagurus, T. trichophthalmus (Forest, 1954), was actually biserial as defined by de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin (1998). Other species assigned to Trichopagurus all have biserial phyllobranchiate gills (Komai & Osawa 2005; Komai & Poupin 2012; Komai 2013). Furthermore, E. shirakawai n. sp. is characteristic in the reduced corneas, elongate ocular acicles, and microscopically granular surfaces of chelipeds and ambulatory legs, although these characters may be only of specific significance. The new genus is the fifth of the pagurid genera characterized by the presence of 11 pairs of quadriserial phyllobranchiate gills and the lack of first pleopods modified as gonopods in females. The other four genera are: Cestopagurus, Pagurodes, Pseudopagurodes and Turleania. Gills are deeply quadriserial in Eutrichopagurus n. gen., Pagurodes and Turleania, while only distally quadriserial in Cestopagurus and Pseudopagurodes (in the latter genus, the gill structure is sometimes biserial according to species; McLaughlin & Rahayu 2007; Rahayu & Komai 2013). Furthermore, the absence of a female gonopore on the coxa of the left third pereopod also distinguishes Eutrichopagurus n. gen. from all the other four genera. The subequal chelipeds distinguish Pagurodes and Pseudopagurodes from Eutrichopagurus, Cestopagurus and Turleania. The lack of an accessory tooth and poorly developed crista dentata on the ischium of the third maxilliped sets Turleania apart from the other four genera. Etymology. From the Greek prefix ���eu��� (= good or true), and the generic name Trichopagurus, to show that the new genus is similar to Trichopagurus, which was originally and incorrectly diagnosed as having trichobranchiate (= now quadriserial phyllobranchiate) gills. As noted above, the new genus is characterized by the possession of 11 pairs of quadriserial phyllobranchiate gills., Published as part of Komai, Tomoyuki, 2015, A new genus and new species of Paguridae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from shallow subtidal waters in Okinawa Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, pp. 250-260 in Zootaxa 3918 (2) on page 251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3918.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/236870, {"references":["Komai, T. & Osawa, M. (2005) A new species of Trichopagurus de Saint Laurent (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from the Ryukyu Islands, and redescription of T. trichophthalmus (Forest). Zootaxa, 801, 1 - 20.","Komai, T. & Poupin, J. (2012) Two new species of shallow-water hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae) from Mayotte Island, southwestern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 3277, 56 - 68.","Saint Laurent, M. de (1970) Revision des genres Catapaguroides et Cestopagurus et description de quatre genres nouveaux. V. Trichopagurus de Saint Laurent. (Crustaces Decapodes Paguridae). VI. Conclusion. Paris, Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 42 (2), 210 - 222.","McLaughlin, P. A. & Saint Laurent, M. de (1998) A new genus for four species of hermit crabs formerly assigned to the genus Pagurus Fabricius (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111, 158 - 187.","McLaughlin, P. A. (2003) Illustrated keys to families and genera of the superfamily Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), with diagnoses of genera of Paguridae. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 60, 111 - 144."]}

De Matos-Pita, Susana S., Ramil, Fran (2015): Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3926 (2): 151-190, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.1