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Background: Milk proteins (MPs) and their derivative whey proteins (WPs) are important components of human diet that might prevent bone loss. We aimed to investigate the effects of MP on the bones of postmenopausal women, along with the effects of WP on osteoblast cells. Methods: We conducted a feasibility controlled clinical study with 62 postmenopausal women who were asked to consume an MP-enriched ice cream. We also investigated the effect of WP on the ERK1/2 and AKT pathways, RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase, RANKL/OPG ratio, and COL1A of Saos-2. Results: After 12 weeks, we found a greater bone mineral density and bone alkaline phosphatase reduction in women who consumed the MP-enriched ice cream compared to the control group (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). In Saos-2 cells, WP upregulated ERK1/2 and AKT pathways (p = 0.002 and p = 0.016), cell proliferation (p = 0.03), and osteoblast differentiation markers, along with downregulating RANKL/OPG (p < 0.001). Moreover, the inhibition of ERK1/2 by PD184253 reverted the effects on both the RUNX2 and ALP mRNA expression and cells proliferation (p = 0.028, p = 0.004, and p = 0.003, respectively) when treated with WP. Conclusions: WP upregulates cell proliferation, RUNX2, and alkaline phosphatase through the activation of the ERK1/2 pathways on Saos-2. These mechanisms probably contribute to preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women.

Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is an eating disorder of growing interest that is characterized by an obsession with healthy eating. Nowadays, people spend an increasing amount of time on social media, which may negatively impact eating behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social media usage and risk of ON.We conducted an online survey using the 10-item Italian-Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale questionnaire (I-DOS). A total of 4,107 individuals participated and were classified according to sex, age, education level, marital status, BMI, main occupation, and diet.The prevalence of ON was 28.5%. Participants who reported using social media for over 60 minutes per day had a higher prevalence of ON than those using social media for less than 15 minutes per day.The results of this study suggest that longer time spent on social media is associated with ON.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa dengan materi aljabar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MTs Plus As-Sa’idah kelas VII J melibatkan 20 orang siswa. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Instrumen terdiri dari soal pemahaman konsep. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan uji intrumen tes. Tes yang dikerjakan oleh siswa diberikan penilaian disetiap indikator untuk mengetahui bahwa siswa tergolong dalam kategori kemampuan pemahaman konsep tinggi, rendah dan sedang. Ada 7 indikator yang akan tes kepada siswa yaitu: (1) Menyatakan ulang sebuah konsep, (2) Mengklasifikasikan objek menurut sifat-sifat tertentu sesuai dengan konsep, (3) Memberikan contoh dan noncontoh dari suatu konsep, (4) Menyajikan konsep dalam berbagai bentuk representasi matematika, (5) Mengembangkan syarat perlu/syarat cukup dari suatu konsep, (6) Menggunakan dan memanfaatkan serta memilih prosedur atau operasi tertentu, (7) Mengaplikasikan konsep/algoritma ke pemecahan masalah. Setiap indikatornya mewakili satu soal. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa subjek S10 dan S3 memiliki kemampuan pemahaman konsep tinggi dan S1 memiliki kemampuan pemahaman konsep rendah.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dalam mnyelesaikan soal Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) pada materi aljabar. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan desain penelitiannya menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengambilan subjek dilakukan dengan metode non probability sampling dan menggunakan pendekatan purposive sampling yang dilakukan di SMP Karya Guna 17 Bogor. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkanada sebagian siswa yang belum memenuhi indikator kemampuan pemecahan masalah sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa pada soal HOTS masih tergolong rendah.

Siswa banyak yang kesulitan memahami pelajaran matematika, melihat fenomena tersebut maka perlu diterapkan suatu sistem pembelajaran yang melibatkan peran siswa secara aktif dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, guna meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman belajar matematika siswa di SMP. Perlu adanya bahan ajar yang mampu membantu permasalahan tersebut, dengan adanya Lembar Kerja Siswa yang peneliti buat berbasis kolaborasi yang dikembangkan guna membangun rasa tanggung jawab dalam diri siswa sehingga pemahaman konsep dapat tercapai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kevalidan hasil pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) berbasis kolaborasi dengan model pembelajaran TAI (Team Assisted Individually) pada siswa SMP. Pengembangan bahan ajar ini mengikuti prosedur pengembangan ADDIE yang meliputi lima tahap yaitu : (1) Analisis, (2) desain, (3) development/pengembangan, (4) Implementasi, (5) Evaluasi. Tahap Awal penelitian dilakukan sampai tahap pengembangan. Akhir dari tahapan pengembangan adalah melakukan validasi terhadap LKS.Nilai hasil uji validasi melalui penilaian oleh validator dinyatakan sangat valid dengan persentase 90%. Hasil tersebut menujukan bahwa LKS berbasis kolaborasi dengan model TAI pada pelajaran matematika valid.

The World elderly population is expected to double before 2050. Unhealthy habits and unhealthy lifestyles are commonly associated with age-related diseases or their worsening. Modification in daily lifestyle and diet may help preventing age-related diseases onset and efficiently affecting their evolution, thus promoting the Healthy Aging process, concept recently coined to describe the disease-free aging process. This review highlights the role of nutrition science in promoting healthy aging. Since the Mediterranean Model demonstrated to be a useful style in supporting healthy aging, promotion of this correct lifestyle by health policies seems to be the best approach to achieve this target.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tantangan pembelajaran PPKn pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di kelas VIIIA SMPN 22 Kerinci. Dalam aktivitas pembelajaran PPKn secara daring terkadang menimbulkan berbagai masalah bagi siswa, seperti kurangnya bimbingan guru menjadi kendala utama dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh yang dilakukan selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Penelitian dilakukan di SMPN 22 Kerinci yang berada di desa Sungai Pegeh Kecamatan Siulak Kabupaten Kerinci. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses pembelajaran ada 3 hal yang harus dipersiapkan yaitu: perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran (aplikasi yang digunakan, proses pembelajaran, dan penugasan), dan evaluasi pembelajaran. Sementara itu, kendala yang dihadapi adalah jaringan internet yang tidak stabil, kurangnya sarana dan prasarana, kurangnya kreativitas guru menyampaikan materi, dan siswa kurang mendapat pengawasan atau dampingan dari orangtua.

A learning system that was directly face-to-face in class, had to be substituted with a learning system that is virtually integrated with the inter-net (online learning). The system uses online learning that connects teaching staff with the learning participants. Tiredness and laziness start-ed to be felt among the participants. This is worried to affect nonoptimal learning outcomes. During lessons, teaching staff often focuses on learning materials without knowing the emotions of their learning participants. Indirect online learning becomes a new challenge in adaptation; teaching staff and learning participants are required to adapt to existing conditions. With the problems above, the writer has an idea in devel-oping a prototype system that is developed to be able to help teachers in evaluating manners and emotions of students in online learning. Facial detection is a technology for detecting facial features such as the nose, eyes, and mouth. Development of facial detection that has un-dergone upgrades until now can differentiate if something is a facial feature or not and detect more than one face. This research aims to help teaching staff in evaluating learning participants’ affective behavior online by applying a Convolutional Neural Network method that has been trained to be able to predict emotional extents through facial expression. Â

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) validitas, (2) kepraktisan dan , (3) efektivitas pada media mobile learning berbasis android. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Research and Development. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Subjek penelitian adalah guru, 25 siswa kelas X Akuntansi SMK Hassina dan para validator. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu lembar validasi ahli materi dan ahli media untuk memperoleh hasil uji validitas media serta angket respon guru dan siswa untuk mengukur kepraktisan dari media dan tes kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa untuk memperoleh hasil efektif dari media. Hasil penilaian kelayakan oleh validator menunjukkan bahwa media mendapat penilaian sebesar 88,33 % dari ahli media dan 84,61 % dari ahli materi, sehingga sangat valid dan layak untuk diuji cobakan. Hasil uji coba diperoleh respon yaitu 84,615% dari guru dan 86,363% dari siswa, sehingga produk termasuk kedalam kategori sangat praktis. Kemudian hasil analisis tes siswa berdasarkan pedoman penskoran pemahaman konsep matematis diperoleh skor total awal sebesar 253 dan skor total akhir sebesar 574. Berdasarkan uji N-Gain diperoleh hasil rata-rata sebesar 72,55% dengan kategori tinggi.

Background Obesity is among the main determinants of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression towards severe liver disease (SLD). However, risk factors for SLD in individuals with obesity have not been examined. Objectives To identify the independent risk factors for SLD among participants with obesity from the UK Biobank. Methods A total of 80,224 UK Biobank participants with obesity (body mass index[BMI] > 30 kg/m2) and 242,822 without obesity, of European descent without clinical history of liver disease and liver cancer were prospectively followed for the onset of SLD, defined as a composite diagnosis of cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma and/or liver transplantation. Risk factors for incident SLD were assessed by Cox proportional hazards models. Different clinical phenotypes were derived by latent class analysis (LCA). Results Obesity conferred a 2.6-fold increased risk for SLD that was abolished after the inclusion of waist circumference (WC) in the model. Among individuals with obesity, age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.05, 95%CI 1.03–1.07, p = 3.9 * 10−7), type 2 diabetes (aHR 2.18, 95%CI 1.55–3.05, p = 6.2 * 10−6), PNPLA3 rs738409 (aHR 1.59, 95%CI 1.33–1.9, p = 3.1 * 10−7) and WC (aHR 1.04, 95%CI 1.02–1.06, p = 8.5 * 10−6) were independent predictors of SLD. BMI category-specific WC thresholds allowed a better risk stratification compared to traditional ones. By LCA, the clinical phenotype at highest risk for SLD was that with BMI

The arid region in China with rich mineral resources are belongs to ecological fragile region with inadequate recovering capacity. Hundred years of continues mining of mineral resources for economic purposes, leads to the problem of land degradation caused by the spatial coupling of large-scale mining disturbance and arid fragile ecological environment. The environmental problems created by mining have not been addressed promptly, while at the same time, new problems have emerged. On the basis of our 20 years of practical experience on ecological restoration in mining areas, review and synthesis of selective literature, with interpretation and perspective, the mining situation and its ecological impacts, the factors impeding ecological restoration capability in the arid region in China were examined, the key challenges and promotion strategy were presented. The main findings of this study are as follows: Land degradation is the most prominent problem resulting in mining activities, and mainly reflected by immediate disturbance, long term effects and ecological degradation. The main challenges faced by mining area restoration in arid areas are unclear objectives of ecological restoration, lack of ecological water consumption, unreasonable selection of indigenous plants, serious land degradation and wide restoration area. Our restoration experiments in typical mining areas have proved that the micro-topography reconstruction measures can increase surface roughness, redistribute limited precipitation resources (especially snow), and make soil water and nutrients carried by surface runoff and collected in valleys to regulate soil infiltration and water supply, so as to achieve water-saving and non-irrigated vegetation restoration .The ideal restoration effects are the mitigation of geological hazards, the increase of available land resources, and the improvement of ecosystem services in mining areas. This study would be helpful to carried out related implementation on ecological restoration and could act as a valuable reference for the researchers involved in the ecological restoration.in arid region.

PT Ciptaunggul Karya Abadi (CKA) is a manufacturer active in the country, and part arm rear break KYEA broken are one of the parts that are produced every month, and product defects occur frequently. Substantially companies need to improve the quality of products manufactured according to standards and prescribed specification in order to reduce product defect levels. This study aims to use lean six sigma DMAIC (Define, Measurem Analyze, Improve, and Control) approach and kaizen analysis to identify the factors that cause defect levels and suggest improvements to reduce the number of defect. The capacity of sigma obtained from the production process part arm rear break KYEA is 4,6. There are three types of defects in the production process, restice dented 9%, blank minus 27%, blunt serration 64%. In addition, kaizen analysis was performed by 5W+1H analysis. The results of this survey are expected to contribute to improving product qualitu, satisfaction customer, dan maximizing profits.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis menggunakan soal cerita islami. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan yaitu 3 orang siswa kelas VII-B Mts Tarbiyatul Falah yang berada di Selabintana dan sudah mempelajari materi perbandingan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi kasus dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan instrumen utama adalah peneliti sendiri dan didukung instrumen tes satu butir soal uraian dan wawancara. Soal uraian tersebut akan mengukur kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa berdasarkan indikator pemecahan masalah menurut Polya dan didukung kesimpulan hasil wawancara. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini berupa tes dan wawancara kepada subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Siswa dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis tinggi mampu memenuhi keempat tahapan polya dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita islami, yaitu: memahami masalah, menyusun rencana, menyelesaikan perencanaan, dan memeriksa kembali. (2) Siswa dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis sedang mampu memenuhi ketiga tahapan polya dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita islami, yaitu: memahami masalah, menyelesaikan perencanaan, dan memeriksa kembali. (3) Siswa dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis rendah mampu memenuhi kedua tahapan polya dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita islami, yaitu: memahami masalah dan menyelesaikan perencanaan.

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are two gut hormones, defined incretins, responsible for the amplification of insulin secretion after oral glucose intake. Unlike GLP-1, GIP has little acute effect on insulin secretion and no effect on food intake; instead it seems that the GIP may be an obesity-promoting hormone. In patients with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) some studies found a downregulation of GIP receptors on pancreatic β cells caused by hyperglycemic state, but the glucagonotropic effect persisted. Agonists of the receptor for the GLP-1 have proven successful for the treatment of diabetes, since they reduce the risk for cardiovascular and renal events, but the possible application of GIP as therapy for T2DM is discussed. Moreover, the latest evidence showed a synergetic effect when GIP was combined with GLP-1 in monomolecular co-agonists. In fact, compared with the separate infusion of each hormone, the combination increased both insulin response and glucagonostatic response. In accordance with theseconsiderations, a dual GIP/GLP-1receptor agonist, i.e., Tirzepatide, known as a “twincretin” had been developed. In the pre-clinical trials, as well as Phase 1–3 clinical trials, Tirzepatideshowedpotent glucose lowering and weight loss effects within an acceptable safety.