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Lysimachia nutantiflora F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu (1979: 28) (Fig. 4) References: — Hu & Kelso (1996: 53). Habitat and phenology: —Evergreen forests; 800–1100 m. Flowering in May–June, fruiting unknown. Distribution: — China (SW Guangxi), Vietnam (Gia Lai: Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve). Studied specimens: — VIETNAM. Gia Lai province: K’Bang district, Son Lang municipality, Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, 29 km ESE of Mang Den town, forest, near waterfall, N 14°31’05’’ E 108°32’50’’, 1000 m, 01 June 2016, M. S . Nuraliev 1624 (IBSC; MW: MW0754511). Notes. Lysimachia nutantiflora is described as having an elongate several- to many-flowered terminal raceme, which is an important character for identification of this species (Hu & Kelso 1996). However, the flower-subtending bracts of L. nutantiflora are leaf-like, with the lower bracts differing from the leaves only in being twice smaller (sometimes even insignificantly smaller, as seen in the Vietnamese specimen). Thus, L. nutantiflora shows an intermediate morphology between a terminal raceme and solitary flowers in axils of the upper leaves., Published as part of Nuraliev, Maxim S., Toyama, Hironori, Hu, Chi-Ming, Luo, Shi-Xiao, Lyskov, Dmitry F., Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P., Quang, Bui Hong, Binh, Tran Duc & Hoan, Duong Thi, 2022, Three new national records from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, Vietnam: Euphorbia bokorensis, Glochidion geoffrayi and Lysimachia nutantiflora, pp. 73-82 in Phytotaxa 574 (1) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.574.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7359814, {"references":["Hu, C. M. & Kelso, S. (1996) Primulaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y. (Eds.) Flora of China. Vol. 15. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden, Beijing and St. Louis, pp. 39 - 189."]}

Primula sherriffiae W.W.Sm. has been collected after a gap of 74 years from Indo-Myanmar border, near Poi village, Manipur. It was last collected from India for the same state of Manipur in 1948. The species is very unique in having longest corolla tube (c. 10 cm long) so far, in all known Primula spp. Comments have been made on the typification of the name and possible threats and its conservation status are also discussed.

Primula sherriffiae W.W.Sm., New Fl. & Silva 8: 131. 1936. ‘ sherriffae’. (Fig. 1 & 2). Holotype (designated here): Bhutan, S.E. Bhutan, Chungkar, Diwangiri-Trashingong Road, 5000ft, 24.06.1934, F. Ludlow-G. Sheerriff 552 BM000997015 Image! (BM). Isotype: Bhutan, S.E. Bhutan, Chungkar, Diwangiri-Trashingong Road, 5000ft., 24.06.1934, F. Ludlow-G. Sheerriff 552 E00024747, E00024748 images! (E). Description: Perennial rosette herb, hairy; rhizomes with very short stock bering roots. Leaves all radical, 4–5, oblanceolate to elliptic, 6–15 × 1.5–4 cm, base narrowed to winged petiole, entire or irregularly shallowly toothed at margins, acute to obtuse at apex; chartaceous, densely white hairy beneath, hairs multicellualar; lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs, impressed on the adaxial surfaces, visible on abaxial surface; hairs very densely; petioles winged and decurrent, 2–3 cm long. Scape solitary, terete, 4–10 cm long, glabrous, sparsely farinose above; umbel 3–4-flowered; flowers suberect or horizontally radiating; bracts ligulate, c. 2 mm long. Calyx cupular-campanulate, 1–4 × 6–10 mm; tube copular, 6–10 mm long; lobes triangular to ovate-oblong, c. 5 × 3 mm, farinose especially within. Corolla purplish with white centre, salverform; tube slender, slightly curved, 3.5–8 cm, farinose above (especially in bud); lobes rotate, obovate-rounded to orbicular, 10–12 × 5–6 mm. Stamens attached to throat region; filaments filiform, c. 1.5 mm long; anthers oblong, c. 4 mm long. Ovary rounded globose, c. 4 mm across, glabrous; style c. 3.5 cm long; stigma knob shape. Capsule globose 7–8 mm diameter. Field observation: Usually at one time only one flower fully blooms and other flower either fallen off or in bud condition. Thus, apparently it appears that flower is solitary. Flowering and Fruiting: May–October. Distribution: India: On slopes of grassland in association with Allium sp., Geranium sp., Roscoea sp., in Manipur. World: Bhutan and Tibet?. Specimens examined: India, Manipur, Poi, Indo-Myanmar Border, 2277 m, 26.05.2022, A.A. Mao & team 80332 (CAL); E. Bhutan, Chungkar, 6500ft, 07.06.1947, F. Ludlow-G. Sheerriff & H.H. Elliot 12599 E01137726 image! (E); Manipur, Sirhoi, 8250 ft., 23.10.1948, Kingdon-Ward 18248 NY02651638 image! (NY); Manipur, Sirhoi, 8250 ft., 23.10.1948, Kingdon-Ward 18248 image! (BM); Manipur, Sirhoi, without date, Kingdon-Ward s.n. NY02651639 image!(NY); Manipur, Sirhoi summit of Sirohi Kashong 8400ft, Kingdon-Ward 17616 E01137725 image! (E); Manipur, Sirhoi summit of Sirohi Kashong 8400ft, Kingdon-Ward 17616 image! (BM); E. Bhutan, Chungkar, 6500ft, 07.06.1947, F. Ludlow-G. Sheerriff & H.H. Elliot 12599 image! (BM). Notes: In 1934, Frank Ludlow and George Sherriff, collected Primula plants growing on a cliff on the Diwangiri-Trashigong Road in Bhutan. W.W. Smith described it as Primula sherriffiae based on Ludlow-Sherriff 552 and was named after in honor of George Sherriff’s mother. Smith (1936) in protologue of Primula sherriffiae cited “ Eastern Himalaya: S.E. Bhutan, at Chungkar, Diwangiri, Trashigong Road. Pale violet, centre white. Growing in wet moss on overhanging rock cliffs in shade Flowers farinose, especially buds. Alt. 5000 ft. 24 th June 1934” Ludlow & Sherriff No. 552. Type in Herb. Brit. Mus. ” Basak & al. (2014) cited ‘type’ with details of herbarium label ‘ BHUTAN: Chungkar, Diwangkar-Trashigong Road ft. (ca. l 520 m) 24.6.1934, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 552-BM, Photo. BSI Neg. No. 3406 CAL!). In the protologue of Primula sherriffiae the type was stated to be deposited at Herb. Brit. Mus. We could trace out one collection of Ludlow - G. Sheerriff 552 at BM! marked by W.W.Smith as ‘ Type’ and other two other at E! also marked by him as ‘ Part of Type’ in his own handwriting (Henry Noltie, pers. comm.). The E specimens are also from BM as evident from the annotation on the herbarium label ‘ Ex Herbario Musei Britannici’. So, we have considered the BM collection as holotype and the E specimens as isotype. Conservation Status The extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) were calculated as 79,946.64 km ² and 16 km 2 respectively by using GeoCAT based on a cell width of 2 km. While the EOO exceeds the threshold value for a threatened category under Criterion B, the AOO qualifies for Endangered under Criterion B2. So far, this species is known to four sub-populations, meeting the threshold of Endangered under sub criterion B2a. Population and threats are unknown for the sub-population of Tibet, while in Bhutan it is quite rare and usually it grows on hanging rock cliff in association with moss stated by Ludlow and Sherriff and Supoorted by Grieson & Long (2001). In 2015 this species was rediscovered from Bhutan after 81 years by Scottish Rock Garden Club (SRGC) members. One of the Indian subpopulation was discovered by F. Kingdon-Ward (1948) from Shirui Kashung and mentioned its population abundant during his collection period. In our recent survey in Manipur, we could discover a good population at Indo Myanmar border near Poi village. We could observe less than 500 mature individuals from Indian subpopulation. We surveyed the Shirui Kashung area also and found the population is drastically reduced. Both the Indian sub-populations are threatened by habitat destruction, tourism impact and other anthropogenic threats. Based on the present observations its threat status can be evaluated as ‘Endangered’ [EN B2ab(i,ii,iii,v)] as per the IUCN Red listing guidelines (IUCN, 2012; 2019)., Published as part of Mao, A. A., Krishna, Gopal & Jalal, Jeewan Singh, 2022, Notes on recollection of Primula sherriffiae W. W. Sm. after a gap of 74 years from India with comments on the typification of the name, pp. 234-238 in Phytotaxa 571 (2) on pages 234-237, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/7284149, {"references":["Smith, W. W. (1936) New and Interesting Plants. New Flora and Silva 8: 131 - 132.","Basak, S. K., Maiti, G. & Hajra, P. K. (2014) The Genus Primula L. in India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, pp. 1 - 668.","IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32 pp.","IUCN STANDARDS AND PETITIONS COMMITTEE (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. [http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf]"]}

Herba Lysimachiae inhibits synovial damage in osteoarthritis via regulating two biolabels (integrin alpha 2b/beta 3). However, the relevant active ingredients are still unknown. Here, the active ingredients of herbal medicines were analyzed based on the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology and public bioinformatics platforms. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology was used for compound analysis, and public databases (PubChem BioAssay and STRING) were applied to establish the links between herbal compounds and both biolabels, and identify which herbal compounds may regulate these biolabels. Subsequently, osteoarthritis model was used to confirm the results. Totally, ninety compounds in Herba Lysimachiae were identified based on the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology. Bioinformatics analysis showed that five compounds (myricetin, fisetin, esculetin, 7-hydroxycoumarin-4-acetic acid, and caffeic acid) may synergistically regulate biolabels through 11 targets, which may be the active ingredients of Herba Lysimachiae for osteoarthritis treatment. In the verification experiments, five compounds markedly suppressed the overexpression of biolabels in the synovium of the osteoarthritis model. In conclusion, the present study effectively and rapidly analyzed the active ingredients of Herba Lysimachiae for osteoarthritis treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Twenty-one accessions of Primula veris subsp. macrocalyx (Primulaceae) were chemically analyzed to clarify the presence of naturally rare macrocyclic bis-bibenzyls (BB). These compounds are typically found in liverworts but not known from higher plants, with the exception of the species under study. However, data are scarce concerning organ specific accumulation of BB in populations of the Primula. Comparative HPLC profiling of methanolic extracts of different parts of the plants revealed that these compounds are predominantly accumulated in the rhizome parts of the plant, in varying and sometimes quite small amounts. This is suggestive for a possible role as dihydrostilbenoid phytoalexins. Riccardin C was isolated as the main BB derivative, and its structure was elucidated on basis of NMR and mass spectral data, which is in alignment with earlier publications. In addition, cytotoxic bioassays of structurally related BB riccardin C, perrottetin F, perrottetin E, and marchantin A, were carried out against three human cancer cell lines, the non-small cell lung carcinoma – A549, the colon carcinoma – SW480, and the ovarian teratocarcinoma −CH1/PA‐1, respectively. Riccardin C and perrottetin E showed a pronounced activity in concentrations between 23–36 μM with low dependence on intrinsic resistance of the cell lines. These tests might be a useful basis for future research. The possible ecological role of BB accumulation in the rhizomes of Primula is briefly addressed.

Ardisia pyrotechnica Julius, Tagane & Utteridge (Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Sarawak, Borneo. The new species is assigned into Ardisia subgenus Pyrgus based on its inflorescence terminal on specialized lateral branches below the indeterminate primary axis, which is arising directly from the stem. Remarkable for the massive inflorescences subtended by two large elliptic foliose bracts and the large pinkish-white sepals; a preliminary conservation status, photographs and a line illustration are also provided.

Six new species of Maesa (Primulaceae-Maesoideae) from Papua New Guinea, namely M. angustibracteolata, M. aurulenta, M. brassii, M. oblanceolatifolia, M. pusilliflora and M. prolatifructa are described and illustrated based on observations from herbarium specimens; the taxonomic affinities of each species are also discussed.

Primula atrodentata W. W. Sm. (Primulaceae) is recorded for the first time from the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh in India. The present study provides a taxonomic description, photographs of diagnostic features and distribution map of the species. Comparison of delimiting characters between P. atrodentata and closely related P. denticulata are provided to validate the new distribution record for the region. The species' differs from P. denticulata in lacking basal bud scales, black-colored sepals and mauve or pale blue-violet corolla with a prominent white or creamy eye. In addition, IUCN threat status of P. atrodentata was empirically assessed for the first time which revealed the species as Near Threatened (NT). In an era of rapid land-use and climate changes, the results from present study have wide relevance in devising successful conservation strategies for this endemic species in high-altitude habitats of the Himalaya.

Dionysia × kowsarana Zeraatkar & Khajoei Nasab, hybr. nov. (Figs. 1–4). (D. bryoides Boiss. × Dionysia diapensiifolia Boiss.) Diagnostic characters:—The hybrid Dionysia × kowsarana is superficially similar to D. bryoides; however, it is intermediate between their parents in terms of macro and micro-morphological characters (Table 1). Type:— IRAN. Fars province, Marvdasht, Ramjerd area, Zarghanak village, southern slope of Mount Ayub, 52.639186° N; 30.025586° E, 1655 m, 10 March 2019, A. Zeraatkar 7042 (holotype: D!). Description:—Dense cushions, aromatic, non-farinose, green, with stems in the upper part covered with marcescent leaves. No noticeable difference between early and late leaves. Stems shortly branched, with closely imbricating marcescent leaves along the branches, densely with glandular hairs, becoming reddish brown, 5–15 cm long; dead leaves of previous years present. Leaves green, usually entire, rarely dentate, elliptic to spathulate, subspathulate, obtuse to subobtuse or acute, flat, 2–5.5 × 0.6–2 mm; upper and lower lamina surfaces densely set with medium and rarely long and short stalked glandular hairs, (0.1–0.15) 0.2–0.4 (0.5–0.6) mm long. Bracts 1–2, like the leaves, but shorter and narrower, 2–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, entire, oblong-linear or lanceolate, acute, glands like leaves. Calyx 2.5–3.5 mm long, split to 4/5, 5/6, or the base in oblong-linear acute erect lobes, similar to the bracts, pubescence like that of leaves. Flowers solitary, sessile. Corolla violet or pink with a yellow eye, moderately covered by most stalked glandular hairs, (0.2) 0.4–0.6 mm long; tube 16–18 mm long in long-styled flowers, 14–17 mm long in short-styled flowers; limb 7–9 (10) mm broad, with emarginate or minutely emarginate lobes. Style of short-styled flowers 7–9 mm long, that of long-styled flowers not exserted, up to 12 mm long. Stamens ca. 1 mm long, inserted in the throat or in the middle of the corolla tube. Ovary with 4 to 6 ovules. Capsules usually with seeds that lack embryos, rarely with viable seeds; seeds dark brown, oblong to ovoid or elliptic 0.7–1.3 × 0.3–0.5 mm. Etymology:—The epithet of the hybrid is dedicated to Dr. Sayyed Ahang Kowsar, Professor of Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, for his remarkable efforts in alleviating water scarcity. Phenology:—At Mount Ayub, D. diapensiifolia starts to flower at the beginning of February and continues, depending on weather conditions, until the end of April or even until the beginning of May. Dionysia × kowsarana starts to flower almost simultaneously with/or one week earlier than D. diapensiifolia and its flowering continues until the beginning of April. D. bryoides starts to flower about two weeks earlier than D. diapensiifolia and continues until mid-April. Reproduction:—Production of viable seeds in Dionysia × kowsariana is rare. All capsules collected in 2019 generally contain non-embryonic seeds and rarely viable seeds. Additional investigations are necessary to further clarify the genetic composition of hybrid plants and more hybrid zones. Population size and conservation status:— So far this new hybrid is known only from the type locality, in which Dionysia bryoides and D. diapensiifolia coexist. These species also are occurring sympatrically and occupy a similar habitat in Mount Sabzpushan, near Shiraz. The habitats were studied at the time of species fruiting and because the first indicator to find hybrid plants in the genus was flowers, we were unable to assess potential hybridization events in the habitat. Dionysia × kowsarana individuals were few and 1–2 plants were observed per hybrid zone (2–3 m 2). Mount Ayub is one of the largest habitats of D. diapensiifolia and D. bryoides in southwestern Iran (Zeraatkar et al. 2022) and the species grow very abundantly in the mountain. Despite overlap of ranges and significant overlap of flowering periods, only a few hybrid zones are known. The habitat of species is close to human habitation and is threatened by the trampling of livestock and ecotourists. Following the IUCN Red List Criteria and Categories (IUCN 2019), D. × kowsarana should be considered as “critically endangered” according to criterion B2, its extent of occurrence is Distribution and ecology:—The majority of Dionysia species have highly restricted geographic ranges (Lidén 2007). But here hybridization occurs between two species, namely D. bryoides and D. diapensiifolia with a relatively wide geographical distribution. D. diapensiifolia is distributed in the provinces of Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and open Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lind.) as well as Prunus scoparia (Spach) C.K. Schneid woodlands, are the main habitats of this species. Another species, D. bryoides, has a wider distribution in Iran and has been reported from some highlands in the phytogeographical provinces of Central Iran, Kurdo-Zagrosian, Fars and Kerman, and Nubo-Sindian. It grows in the mountains provinces of Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Fars, Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad and Bushehr (Zeraatkar et al. 2022). Mount Ayub is one of the numerous solitary mountains of the Zagros Range in southwestern Iran, where it was botanically explored by Karl Georg Theodor Kotschy in 1842 (Edmondson & Lack 2006). The southern and northern slopes of mountain differ in vegetation composition and orographic structure. The northern slopes are made up of alluvial fans, marl hills, rocky slopes, and also vertical limestone cliffs, where Prunus associations such as P. scopcria (Spach) S. K.Schneider, P. elaeagnifolia (Spach) Fritsch and cushions grow. In contrast, the southern slopes consisted of overhangs, cliff walls, steep and vertical niches and mainly obligate chasmophyte taxa (Fig. 4a.). There are different types of microhabitats on the southern slopes and numerous endemic species are present there such as Silene persepolitana Melzh., Dionysia spp., Telephium eriglaucum Williams, Salvia persepolitana Boiss., Scrophularia longiflora Benth., Paracaryum modestum Boiss. & Hausskn., Astragalus penetratus Maassoumi, Campanula persepolitana Kotschy ex Boiss., Acantholimon schirazianum Boiss., Pterocephalus lignosus Freyn & Bornm., Hyoscyamus bornmulleri Khatamsaz, H. tenuicaulis Schönb. -Tem., and Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. The cliffs of the mountain are certainly also a unique habitat for Dionysia species. In Mount Ayub, D. diapensiifolia is a semi sciophyte species and inhabits below overhangs and semi-shaded limestone cliffs crevices on the southern slopes while D. bryoides generally prefers the sunny and semi-shaded limestone cliffs crevices of the southern and northern slopes (Figs. 4, 5). Therefore, in mountainous region, the desirable habitats of D. bryoides are much more than D. diapensiifolia, and as a result, there are far more individuals of D. bryoides than D. diapensiifolia. The hybrid zones are always in a very narrow ecotonal region between the parental preferred habitats, where their suitable habitat are intermediate lighting conditions compared to the parental species (Fig. 4). The geographical distributions of the two parental species and hybrid plants entirely would overlap. It seems likely that our hybrid zones follow a mosaic pattern where hybrid plants grow along distinct microhabitats in areas of sympatry among the parental species (Fig. 4). This hybrid species distribution model is common in herbaceous perennial species (Zheng et al. 2021). Morphological variation of hybrid plants:—The morphological comparison among Dionysia × kowsarana and its parents is shown in Table 1. The hybrid is morphologically intermediate between the parent species. However, our morphometric data and field observations revealed significant variation in the morphological characteristics of hybrid plants. Despite the leaves are rarely dentate in the hybrid, the number of dentate leaves is significantly more abundant in the specimen with the voucher number D-7042. The leaves size of the specimen with the voucher number D-7043 is significantly larger than the leaves of the other specimens, in addition, the leaves apex of the specimen with the voucher number D-7043 are acute and subacute (rarely obtuse and subobtuse) while they are obtuse and subobtuse in the specimens with the voucher number D-7042, D-7044, D-7045, which is a characteristic feature of D. bryoides (Fig. 3 a–d). It is necessary to note that leaves are marginally variable in D. diapensiifolia, however, they are usually dentate in Ayub mount (Fig. 2b). Floral morphology varies within the hybrid. Corolla tube length of the specimen with the voucher number D-7043 is long in comparison with other specimens (17–18 vs. 14–16 mm). Moreover, corolla lobes show significant variation among the hybrid plants. Like D. diapensiifolia, the corolla lobes of the specimen with the voucher number D-7043 are minutely emarginate while those of the specimens with the voucher number D-7042, D-7044, D-7045 are emarginate similar to D. bryoides (Figs. 1, 2 a,c,e). In contrast, the diameter of corolla lobes in the specimen with the voucher number D-7043 are close to D. bryoides whereas those of the specimens with the voucher number D-7042, D-7044, D-7045 are large and close to D. diapensiifolia (Fig. 1). The trait variations are probably due to various parentage of the hybrid plants and also phenomena of the swarm, introgression and production backcrosses. Dionysia × kowsarana is the second natural hybrid in the genus Dionysia. The first confirmed hybrid was reported by Grey-Wilson (1974) from Dena Mountain, where the distribution range D. bryoides and D. termeana Wendelbo (1970) is overlapped. The species occupy distinct elevations of Dena Mountain. In the mount, D. bryoides lies at altitudes between 1900–3200 m a.s.l while D. termeana is located in the alpine zone ranging from 3000 to 3900 (4000) m a.s.l. The hybrid zone form in the altitude range between 3000 to 3200 m a.s.l. where the species come into geographical contact. On the other hand In the mount, our observation shows the widespread species of the genus, Dionysia revoluta Boiss. (Younesi et al. 2017), grows sympatrically with D. diapensiifolia (in Mount Sabzpushan and Mount Shahrak) and D. bryoides (Mount Sabzpushan, Mount Nil and Saran). In addition, D. diapensiifolia and D. viva Lidén & Zetterl. co-occur in the same habitat (in Mount Dehbid). Grey-Wilson (1989) stated natural hybridization is rarely occurred in the genus due to ecological and geographic isolation. However, no hybrid plant was observed between these species and concerning bloom simultaneously, pre-zygotic barriers can contribute to species delimitation. Interestingly, the result suggests only Dionysia species that are placed in the same section potentially would seem to make a hybrid. These findings provide some evidence that the section classification designated by Lidén (2007) is natural and welldefined. Additional specimens examined. Dionysia bryoides Boiss.: IRAN. Fars province, Marvdasht, Ramjerd area, Zarghanak village, southern slope of Mount Ayub, 52.639229°N; 30.025315° E, 1645–2000 m, 10 March 2019, A. Zeraatkar 7046 (D!). Marvdasht, Ramjerd area, between Chamani and Boraki villages, northern slope of Mount Ayub, 52.657214° N; 30.035822° E, 2100 m, 19 March 2018, A. Zeraatkar 7047 (D!). Marvdasht, Ramjerd area, ca. 1.5 km Chamani village from Kushkak, northern slope of Mount Ayub, 52.639436° N; 30.054711° E, 1810 m, 25 May 2018, A. Zeraatkar 7048 (D!). Marvdasht, Saran, 52.087300° N; 30.393840° E, 2050–2100 m, 13 March 2015, A. Zeraatkar 7050 (D!). South Shiraz, Kushk Bidak, northern slope of Mount Sabzpushan, 52.542224° N; 29.413058° E, 1982 m, 10 May 2021, A. Zeraatkar 7049 (D!). Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. Mount Nil, 30.864083, 50.896952, 2600–2800 m S. Rokhideh s.n. (Yasuj University herbarium).— D. diapensiifolia Boiss.: IRAN. Fars province: Marvdasht, Ramjerd area, Zarghanak village, southern slope of Mount Ayub, 52.639229°N; 30.025315° E, 1645–2000 m, 10 March 2019, A. Zeraatkar 7051 (TARI, D!). South Shiraz, Kushk Bidak, northern slope of Mount Sabzpushan, 52.554534° N; 29.414276° E, 1745–1800 m, 10 May 2021, A. Zeraatkar 7052 (D!). Arsanjan, Valiabad, Mount Dehbid, 53.2061 °N; 29.7958° E, 1750–1900 m, 8 April 2020, A. Zeraatkar 7053 (D!). Marvdasht, Abarj area, northern slope of Mount Shahrak, 52.528513° N; 30.182284° E, 1950–2000 m, 19 March 2013, A. Zeraatkar 7054 (D!).— D. × kowsarana Zeraatkar & Khajoei Nasab: IRAN. Fars province: Marvdasht, Ramjerd area, Zarghanak village, southern slope of Mount Ayub, 52.643500° N; 30.025751° E, 1893 m, 27 March 2019, A. Zeraatkar 7044 (D!; paratypes). Marvdasht, Ramjerd area, Zarghanak village, southern slope of Mount Ayub, 52.643500° N; 30.025751° E, 1893 m, 27 March 2019, A. Zeraatkar 7045 (D!; paratypes). Marvdasht, Ramjerd area, Zarghanak village, southern slope of Mount Ayub, 52.639229°N; 30.025315° E, 1645 m, 10 March 2019, A. Zeraatkar 7043 (D!; paratypes). D. viva Lidén & Zetterl: IRAN. Fars province: Arsanjan, Valiabad, Mount Dehbid, 53.2061°N; 29.7958° E, 1750–1900 m, 8 April 2020, A. Zeraatkar 7021 (D!). D. revoluta Boiss. IRAN. Fars province: Marvdasht, Abarj area, northern slope of Mount Shahrak, 52.528513° N; 30.182284° E, 1950–2000 m, 19 March 2013, A. Zeraatkar 7055 (D!). South Shiraz, Kushk Bidak, northern slope of Mount Sabzpushan, 52.554534° N; 29.414276° E, 1745–1800 m, 10 May 2021, A. Zeraatkar 7056 (D!). Marvdasht, Saran, 52.087300° N; 30.393840° E, 2050–2100 m, 13 March 2015, A. Zeraatkar 7057 (D!). Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. Mount Nil, 30.864083, 50.896952, 2600–2800 m S. Rokhideh s.n. (Yasuj University herbarium!), Published as part of Zeraatkar, Amin & Nasab, Farzaneh Khajoei, 2022, A new natural hybrid in Dionysia (Primulaceae), pp. 64-72 in Phytotaxa 559 (1) on pages 64-71, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.559.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7009389, {"references":["Zeraatkar, A., Jamzad, Z., Jalili, A. & Khajoei Nasab, F. (2022) The conservation status of endemic SW Iranian Dionysia species. Iran Nature 7 (2): 143 - 155.","IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 18 August 2022)","Liden, M. (2007) The genus Dionysia (Primulaceae), a synopsis and five new species. Willdenowia. 37: 37 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.3372 / wi. 37.37102","Edmondson, J. R. & Lack, H. W. (2006) Karl Georg Theodor Kotschy's itinerary in southern Iran, 1841 - 42. Willdenowia 36: 579 - 588. https: // doi. org / 10.3372 / wi. 36.36154","Zheng, W., Yan, L. J., Burgess, K. S., Luo, Y. H., Zou, J. Y., Qin, H. T., Wang, J. H. & Gao, L. M. (2021) Natural hybridization among three Rhododendron species (Ericaceae) revealed by morphological and genomic evidence. BMC Plant Biology 21 (1): 529. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12870 - 021 - 03312 - y","Grey-Wilson, C. (1974) Some Notes on Iranian Dionysias (Primulaceae). Kew Bulletin 29 (4): 687 - 694. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4108134","Younesi, S., Assadi, M., Nejadsattari, T. & Mehregan, I. (2017) Morphology and assessment of genetic structure and diversity of Dionysia revoluta (Primulaceae) in Iran. Biodiversitas 18: 1173 - 1178. https: // doi. org / 10.13057 / biodiv / d 180340","Grey-Wilson, C. (1989) Dionysia - the genus in cultivation and in the wild. Alpine Garden Society, Woking."]}

Androsace artvinensis Sefalı & Yapar sp. nov. (Fig. 2, 5 and 6) Androsace artvinensis is related to A. armeniaca var. armeniaca, A. armeniaca var. macrantha and A. intermedia. It differs from A. armeniaca var. macrantha , by its getting longer pedicels at the anthesis, 4 –50 mm (vs. not much longer, 3–20 mm), generally unequally pedicels (vs. equaling or at least equaling); large corolla, 10–14 mm diam. (vs. 6–10 mm diam.), calyx lobes broadly triangular (vs. acute triangulare) and finely fingered leaves marginal (vs. blunt teeth or irregular fingered teeth). It differs from A. armeniaca var. armeniaca by its longer scapes up to 20 cm long (vs. up to 8-10 cm long), the getting longer pedicels (vs. not much longer), generally unequally pedicels (vs. equaling or nearly equaling); large corolla, 10-14 mm diam. (vs. 6-7 mm diam.). It differs from A. intermedia by its simple, forked, or branched hairs (vs. generally glabrous and specially scape glabrous) and the white corolla (vs. pinkish). Type: TURKEY. Artvin: southern foothills of the Kackar Mountains, Yaylalar Village, forest side or stony and moist places in the forest, 2129 m, 40°51′N, 41°16′E, 09 June 2021, A.Sefalı 686 (holotype: ISTE 117317; isotypes: VANF 165223, herbarium of Bingöl Universty 10099). Etymology: Androsace artvinensis is named from the province of Artvin. The Turkish name for this species was chosen as “Yayla güzeli” (Menemen et al. 2016). Description Biennial c. 25 cm tall, forming a single rosette c. 8 cm in diameter. Leaves in semi hemispherical or flat basal rosettes, somewhat fleshy, narrowly oblong to lanceolate or spathulate, c. 40 × 8 mm; surface often branched hairy, especially towards the apex, with short branched hairy; margin with generally fingered pairs of towards the apex. Scapes 5– 10, c. 25 cm long, covered with densely branched and scattered glandular-hairy; median scape sometimes present. Bracts ovate to widely lanceolate, 5.5– 9 × 3–4 mm, densely branched and glandular-hairy, much shorter than pedicels. Inflorescence with (4–) c. 15 flowered. Pedicel 4–10 mm long at anthesis, elongated up to 50 mm, and generally unequal when fruiting. Calyx 6–6.5(–7) mm, densely shortly glandular-hairy rarely some branched or short simple hairy especially towards to apex or margin, calyx teeth orbicular to equilateral triangular 2.2 × c. 2.5 mm. Corolla campanulate, 10-14 mm in diameter, white with yellowish center; tube ± equaling calyx; lobes oblong 7 × 5.5 mm with claw (2 mm long– 3 mm wide) densely glandular-hairy; throat constricted, and annulate. Capsule 6–7 × 5 mm, spherical. Seeds brown, ovoid, 2–2.2 × 1–1.2 mm, surface reticulate (Fig 4). Phenology Flowering from June to July; fruiting in August. Pollen morphology (Fig. 3) Pollen grains of A. artvinensis are tricolporate and isopolar. The polar axis (P) is 12.84 μm; the equato¬rial axis (E) is 10 μm; P/ E ratio is 1.28, and pollen shape is subprolate. The exine is 0.65 μm, and the intine is 0.33 μm. The exine ornamentation of pollen grains is microparticulate. And pollen grains of A. armeniaca var. macrantha are tricolporate and isopolar. The polar axis (P) is 13.55 μm; the equatorial axis (E) is 10.23 μm; the P/ E ratio is 1.31, and the pollen shape is subprolate. The exine is 0.66 μm, and the intine is 0.35 μm. The exine ornamentation of pollen grains is microparticulate (Table 1, Fig. 3). Distribution and ecology (Fig. 1) Androsace artvinensis is a local endemic species restricted to the southern foothills of the Kackar Mountains in Artvin Province, northeastern Anatolia. It is an element belonging to the Hyrcano-Euxine (mt.) phytogeographical region. The new species colonizes Oriental spruce forest sides or stony places in the forest, generally moist places, between 1960 and 2200 m. a.s.l. Species growing in the near vicinity include Picea orientalis (L.) Peterm., Pinus pinea L., Sorbus sp., Thesium alpinum L., Berteroa mutabilis (Vent.) DC., Polygala major Jacq., Parnassia palustris L., Rosa sp., Alyssum sp., Saxifraga paniculata Mill. and Cirsium sommieri Petr. Taxonomic relationships Life form, leaf shape, perianth, and fruit characteristics are distinguished for divided sections of Androsace. Androsace artvinensis belongs to the sect. Androsace and to the A. albana group. Especially the members of the A. albana group are characterized by biennials or short-lived perennial life forms (Smith & Lowe 1997). A. sect. Androsace shows that indumentum features are especially determinative in the taxonomy (Sefalı 2021; Shishkin & Bobrov 1952; Grossheim 1967; Lamond 1978; Smith & Lowe 1997). Androsace artvinensis stands out in terms of its larger flower, calyx shape, and also its longer and unequaled pedicel. These features make A. artvinensis different from all other members of the A. sect. Androsace and A. albana group (Table 2). When looking at members of the A. albana group, this new species is closely related to A. armeniaca var. macrantha in terms of its getting longer and unequaled pedicel. However, A. armeniaca var. macrantha has not gotten longer and unequaled pedicel, and also it has not had large flowers as much as A. artvinensis. And also A. armeniaca var. macrantha type materials show that this species grows in Gümüşhane and Bayburt provinces, and the general habitus looks bigger. It is possible that these two taxa (A. armeniaca var macrantha and A. artvinensis) were previously confused. Therefore, the measurements of these two taxa are seen as covering each other in the flora descriptions. But the type specimens of A. armeniaca var macrantha show that it is the bigger and glandular-hairy version of A. armeniaca var armeniaca —especially the A. armeniaca var macrantha samples collected in Bayburt support this. In terms of appearance and flower characteristics, A. artvinensis is distincly different from A. armeniaca var macrantha. Difference of A. artvinensis from A. armeniaca var. armeniaca is glandular hairs and large flowers. A. artvinensis has a longer stem, larger flowers, large triangular calyx shape, longer pedicels, and larger basal leaves than all Albana group species. When the new species is observed in the late period, in August and September, it looks like A. intermedia in point of the unequaled pedicel. A.intermedia is nearly glabrous and specially inflorescence regions not hairy; conversely. On the other hand, pedicels of A. armeniaca var. macrantha cannot elongate in the late period. In Turkey, according to Lamond (1978), A. armeniaca appears to grow in the south of the watershed of the Pontus range, while A. intermedia is found on northern slopes. Androsace artvinensis is found on the northern slopes of the Pontus range. But field researches show that this two taxa (A. armeniaca, A. intermedia) and A. artvinensis grow in the same area (Fig. 1). And also when examining habitat choosing A. artvinensis prefer stony and moist places in the forest or forest side; otherwise, A. armeniaca var. macrantha tends to grow at the steppe and serpentine steppe (Fig. 7). As a result, it was concluded that A. artvinensis is a distinct new species, clearly different from all other members of the A. albana group., Published as part of Sefali, Abdurrahman & Yapar, Yakup, 2022, Androsace artvinensis sp. nov. (Primulaceae): A new species from northeastern Anatolia, Turkey, pp. 171-181 in Phytotaxa 552 (3) on pages 172-177, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.552.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6776962, {"references":["Menemen, Y., Kandemir, A. & Aytac, Z. (2016) Turkce Bilimsel Bitki Adlari Yonerges. Bagbahce Bilim Dergisi 3 (3): 1 - 3.","Smith, G. & Lowe, D. (1997) The Genus Androsace. Alpine Garden Society. Avon Bank. The UK.","Sefali, A. (2021) Androsace azizsancarii sp. nov. (Primulaceae): a new species from northeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 39 (7). https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / njb. 03208","Shishkin, B. K. & Bobrov, E. G. (1952) Androsace L. In: Shishkin, B. K. & Bobrov, E. G. (eds.) Flora SSSR XVIII. Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk Belopusskoi SSR, - Moskva, Leningrad, pp. 217 - 242.","Grossheim, A. A. (1967) Androsace L. In: Flora of the Caucasus. 7. Izdatelstvo Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 167 - 174.","Lamond, J. (1978) Androsace L. In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 6. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. pp. 122 - 127."]}

Primula xinningensis Wei Zhang bis & J.W.Shao, a new species from Hunan Province, China, is described. Its leaf morphology is similar to the P. merrilliana complex and flower morphology similar to P. cicutariifolia, but it can be distinguished from the former by the black pollen sac, corolla lobes apex obviously emarginate and can be differed from the latter by cotyledon triangular obovate, plants densely covered with glandular hairs and special habitat (karst caves). The whole plastid genome of this new species is 151, 601–151, 630 bp in length. Based on the whole plastid genome sequences, phylogenetic trees revealed that the new species did not genetically relate to the above two mentioned morphologically similar species, but it was closely related to P. hubeiensis. Currently, only three populations were discovered within a small distribution area, thus, it is preliminarily considered as Vulnerable (VU) according to criteria of the IUCN Red List.

Human activities and environment changes have changed river estuary ecosystems, which impacts element changes in coastal sediments and mangroves. Mangrove propagule chemical traits showed a systematic shift along environmental gradients. But knowledge about how the pattern of multi-element variability is coordinated in propagule remains limited, and the conservation of macro and trace elements in propagules is also unknown. In this study, the concentrations, variability and coordinated pattern variation of 13 elements in Aegiceras corniculatum propagule across shrimp aquaculture effluent habitats, as well as the relationship between propagule element and environment factors were explored. We used CV to quantify the variability of each element, and then explore the pattern of multi-element variability. The results showed that: (1) in the habitats affected by shrimp aquaculture, the elements content shows: CKClNNaPSMgCaFeMnZnCu, and the coefficient variation shows: MnCuFeZnSNPClNaKMgCaC, which means that the element concentration are negatively correlated with the element variability and the variability of macro-elements was more conservative than micro-elements in these habitats; (2) pH, OM, C:P, and SiO

Lipids from seeds, leaves, and roots of Primula capitellata Boiss. (Primulaceae) were studied for the first time. The composition of volatile compounds and the fatty-acid composition of neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids from leaves were established. γ-Linolenic and stearidonic acids and oleic acid methyl ester were identified.

From the leaves of Ardisia quinquegona, two alkylated tetronic acid derivatives, named ardisiatetrons A and B (1, 2), and four triterpenoids (3–6) were isolated together with one known compound (7) by a combination of various kinds of chromatography. The structure of new methyl migrated triterpene (3) was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 2, 3, and 7 showed moderate anti-Leishmania activity and cytotoxicity towards A549 cells.

—Lysimachia is a genus that was recently recircumscribed and greatly enlarged by the inclusion of many genera in the Primulaceae. In this work five new species, all endemic from the grasslands of southern Brazil, are described, two new combinations are proposed, and 10 typifications are effected. The preliminary conservation status of these species are assessed, and we also provide field photographs and distribution maps. Furthermore, we provide an identification key to all species of Lysimachia that occur in Brazil.

—Amblyanthus chenii (Primulaceae; Myrsinoideae) is a new species discovered growing in the understory of primeval forests in Medog County, southeast Xizang, China and is described based on morphological evidence. This is the first generic record of Amblyanthus in China. The new species is most morphologically similar to A. multiflorus. Amblyanthus chenii can be easily distinguished from other congeneric species by various morphological differences. A phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and six plastid markers indicated that A. chenii and Amblyanthopsis burmanica form a clade that is nested within the large pantropical genus Ardisia and is sister to Ardisia subgenus Crispardisia. The close relationship among Amblyanthus, Amblyanthopsis, and Ardisia subg. Crispardisia is strongly supported by their shared synapomorphy of crenulate leaves with marginal glands.

Typification of eight names in Embelia from Peninsular India are presented here. Among, eight lectotypifications, together with two epitypes is selected and the type for the name E. drupacea is revisited.

Capilliposide B (CPS-B) and Capilliposide C (CPS-C), as the key components in Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl., increasingly aroused the interest and research concern of many researchers due to the good bioactivities. Nowadays, the reference standards of CPS-B and CPS-C yield were very limited. Due to the deficit of reference standards, the determination could be difficult to carry out, and the quality control and evaluation would be restrained afterwards. To solve this urgent problem, a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS) method was proposed and established based on high-performance liquid-chromatography tandem evaporative light-scattering detector. In this QAMS method, the content of the two bioactive components could be calculated by buddlejasaponin IV, which is applied as an external standard and readily obtained. And the methodological experiments were evaluated and indicated accuracy, stability and feasibility of this QAMS method. Therefore, in this study, this built method would properly meet the requirement of determination of CPS-B, CPS-C and quality control of the L. capillipes Hemsl. plant.

Detailed pollen morphological account of four species of Maesa Forssk. (Primulaceae) [M. chisia, M. indica, M. macrophylla, M. rugosa] from Darjeeling Himalaya and its possible taxonomic implications have been investigated using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pollen grains are 3-zonocolporate with reticulate exine having prominent variations in the muri and lumina dimensions (striato-reticulate, microreticulate to punctate). The shape (sub-prolate, prolate-spheroidal to spheroidal) and size classes (very small to small) show little variation. The structural details of the pollen grains are found to be useful in identifying the grains in different applied palynological studies. The present study reveals the stenopalynous nature of the genus Maesa. The UPGMA study was performed to analyse the phenetic relationship of the studied species with previously published data. The observations further suggest that considering the pollen morphological characters, Maesa is more closely related to the Myrsinaceae and Theophrastaceae (s.s.) and differs greatly from Primulaceae (s.s.).

Ardisia recurvisepala Julius & Utteridge sp. nov. (Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae), a member of Ardisia subgenus Crispardisia on account of the vascularized leaf marginal glands, is herein described and illustrated as new species. The new species can be easily recognized by the elliptic-oblong calyx lobes recurving at the apex, and is also characterized by the narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong-elliptic leaf laminas with an attenuate-decurrent base and acuminate-caudate apex. Ardisia recurvisepala is known so far from a single locality in Perak and its conservation status is assessed as Vulnerable (VU). An updated key to Ardisia subgenus Crispardisia in Peninsular Malaysia is provided.

Androsace foliosa, also known as rock jasmine and a member of the Primulaceae family, is an important medicinal plant with a wide range of applications such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, abortifacient, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancerous, anti-inflammatory as well as a flavor enhancer, as insecticidal, as a spice and commonly found in Pakistan. The current study was planned to identify the phytochemical constituents of A. foliosa roots and leaves extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS). HPLC results showed the presence of important phenolic and flavonoids such as gallic acid, rutin and quercetin in A. foliosa leaves and roots crude methanolic extracts. GC–MS analysis of A. foliosa n-hexane leaves fraction revealed the presence of nine pharmacologically active compounds such as hydroxylamine-O-decyl, butanoic acid heptafluoro, sulfurous acid 2-propyl heptyl ester, E-15-heptadecenal, eicosane 9-cyclohexyl, (Z,E)-tetradeca-9,12-dienyl acetate, octadecyl-propane-1,3-diol, di-isobutyl phthalates, aspidofractinine-3-methanol, 17-methoxy-, acetate (ester). Besides, E-15-heptadecenal (34%) and hydroxylamine-O-decyl (30%) are major compounds occurring in A. foliosa n-hexane leaves fraction. As phytochemical constituents present in A. foliosa extracts have been identified, it could be an important medicinal plant to isolate the pharmacologically active compounds to manage different diseases and A. foliosa might play an important role in clinical science, particularly in drug development.

The lectotype for Ardisia kerrii is designated here. Ardisia cordulata var. appresso-hirsuta is placed as a new synonym of A. demissa. Additionally, the correct locations of four species that were misinterpreted are also given. Now A. betongensis is excluded from the list of Thai Ardisia.

This study aimed to investigate the leaf anatomy of Jacquinia armillaris plants in two different Venezuelan xeric shrublands to evaluate possible variations caused by the environments, which differ in rainfall and soil salinity. Leaf samples were collected in two sites: La Tortuga Island, a dryer and salty environment than the other collecting site, Turpialito, a coastal location in the mainland. The epidermis and the mesophylls were observed with a light microscope and measured with an ocular micrometer inserted in one of the eyepieces. The results show that J. armillaris has many characteristic anatomical traits of xerophytes, among them: thick cuticles and thick epidermis in both leaf surfaces, stomata only in the abaxial side and epidermal depressions lodging a glandular trichome. Leaves are bifacial and present multistratified palisade parenchyma facing the adaxial epidermis and abaxial spongy parenchyma with abundant intercellular spaces. Furthermore, the hypodermis is composed of one or two cell layers below the upper epidermis. Leaf lamina dimension, petiole, cuticles, epidermis and hypodermis cells, as well as the stomatal occlusive cells and number of trichomes, had differences in size and number when the plants of both sites were compared, being higher in plants from La Tortuga. On the other hand, palisade parenchyma and stomatal density were higher in Turpialito plants. Plants collected in La Tortuga Island showed characteristics that suggest adaptation to the island’s saline and more arid conditions in comparison to plants from Turpialito, which presented more leaf traits related to adaptations to water deficit. These results demonstrate the phenotypic plasticity of J. armillaris plants that grow in two different xeric shrublands.

Este trabalho apresenta os efeitos inseticidas de Myrsine coriacea (Myrsinaceae) sobre a principal praga do milho, a lagarta-do-cartucho (Spodoptera frugiperda), e os constituintes quimicos isolados dos extratos de M. coriacea. Nos experimentos por ingestao sobre S. frugiperda, os extratos das folhas de M. coriacea apresentaram mortalidade larval de 46,47 %. Das folhas de M. coriacea foram isolados os flavonoides catequina e quercetina. Este e o primeiro relato do isolamento de flavonoides em M. coriacea.

The genus Schizomyia Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is newly recorded in Taiwan and Schizomyia maesae Elsayed, Lin & Tokuda n. sp. that forms irregular galls on stems of Maesa perlaria (Lour.) Merr. var. formosana (Primulaceae) is described as new to science. A description of larva, pupa and adults, illustrations and ecological features of the new species are given. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FDCB79DA-1483-48FA-9235-66BFC97AFC65 .

This article represents a new checklist of the genus Primula L., including eight species and five subspecies belonging to four sections that are native to Mongolia. Primula bukukunica Kovt. and P. nivalis subsp. turkestanica (J.H.Haage & E.Schmidt) Kovt. are newly recorded to the flora of Mongolia based on the materials of LE, NS, NSK, MHA, MW, and UBA herbarium collections. Primula maximowiczii Regel was assessed as critically endangered species based on the area of occupancy, in which it is estimated to occur in less than 10 km2 in the eastern Mongolia. The nomenclatural type, identification key, regional conservation status of rare species, as well as distribution maps and photographs of each species are provided. Additional collections and photographs are based on our field survey between 2012 and 2019.

Lysimachia ruhmeriana Vatke — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF, BZ, HZ; up to 3 500 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: Near Mount Kenya Lodge, Alt. 2 958 m, 26 Jan. 2015, SAJIT 002857 (HIB). References: Taylor (1958), Bussmann (1993, 1994), Bussmann & Beck (1995a), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 71, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Taylor, P. (1958) Primulaceae. In: Hubbard, C. E. & Milne-Redhead, E. (Eds.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents, London, 20 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1995 a) The forests of Mt. Kenya (Kenya), a phytosociological synopsis. Phytocoenologia 25 (4): 467 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / phyto / 25 / 1995 / 467","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

Embelia schimperi Vatke — Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF; up to 3 200 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: Chogoria Track, Alt. 2 450 m, 26 Oct. 1987, Luke 683 (EA). Reference: Fries (1923b)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 71, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Fries, T. C. E. (1923 b) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. III. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 8 (78): 547 - 573. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994426"]}

Lysimachia adoensis (Kunze) Klatt — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMDF; 1 400–3 500 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: N/A. References: Taylor (1958), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 71, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Taylor, P. (1958) Primulaceae. In: Hubbard, C. E. & Milne-Redhead, E. (Eds.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents, London, 20 pp.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

Embelia keniensis R.E.Fr. — Habit: Shrub. Habitat: LMDF; up to 2 100 m. Distribution: IIIb. Voucher: East Mount Kenya, near Mutonga, 25 Feb. 1922, Fries & Fries 1978 (K, S, IT, HT, UPS). References: Fries & Fries (1927b), Halliday (1984), Beentje (1994), Bussmann (1994)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 71, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Fries, R. E. & Fries, T. C. E. (1927 b) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. X. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 10 (91): 69 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994819","Halliday, P. (1984) Myrsinaceae. In: Polhill, R. M. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 22 pp.","Beentje, H. J. (1994) Kenya trees, shrubs and lianas. National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, 762 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp."]}

Lysimachia brevipes (P.Taylor) U.Manns & Anderb. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF; 1 800–2 600 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: Naro Moru Track, Alt. 2 546 m, 23 Jul. 2014, SAJIT 002084 (HIB). Reference: N/A., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 71, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464