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The power-in-the bucket and the intensity distribution generated by the coherent combination of a definite number of similar laser beams with Gaussian profiles are numerically studied at different observation planes in the far-field. A precise method is introduced for optimal engineering of the array aperture size and the observation plane location in the far-field. A relation between the array aperture size and the observation plane distance is proposed using the Fresnel zone concept for coherent beam combining to achieve the maximum power-in-the bucket (PIB). The results reveal that the maximum PIB in a small bucket radius of 5 or 10 cm in the observation plane (radii in directed-energy applications) can be obtained either when the observation plane is located at the primary region of the far-field for a specified array aperture size or when the array aperture size is equal to or less than the size of the first Fresnel zone (0.4 ≤ N F ≤ 1). Also, the proposed approach is independent of array geometry so that it will be practical for different array geometries, namely square, circular, and hexagonal. Furthermore, it is also independent of other parameters such as numbers and divergence of beams. The maximum amount of PIB in a specified observation plane location can be obtained for array aperture sizes lower than the first Fresnel zone, regardless of the number of beams or their waist radius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effect of bucketing in security against timing-channel attacks. Bucketing is a technique proposed to mitigate timing-channel attacks by restricting a system's outputs to only occur at designated time intervals, and has the effect of reducing the possible timing-channel observations to a small number of possibilities. However, there is little formal analysis on when and to what degree bucketing is effective against timing-channel attacks. In this paper, we show that bucketing is in general insufficient to ensure security. Then, we present two conditions that can be used to ensure security of systems against adaptive timing-channel attacks. The first is a general condition that ensures that the security of a system decreases only by a limited degree by allowing timing-channel observations, whereas the second condition ensures that the system would satisfy the first condition when bucketing is applied and hence becomes secure against timing-channel attacks. A main benefit of the conditions is that they allow separation of concerns whereby the security of the regular channel can be proven independently of concerns of side-channel information leakage, and certain conditions are placed on the side channel to guarantee the security of the whole system. Further, we show that the bucketing technique can be applied compositionally in conjunction with the constant-time-implementation technique to increase their applicability. While we instantiate our contributions to timing channel and bucketing, many of the results are actually quite general and are applicable to any side channels and techniques that reduce the number of possible observations on the channel. It is interesting to note that our results make non-trivial (and somewhat unconventional) uses of ideas from information flow research such as channel capacity and refinement order relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suction pressure created during suction bucket installation may disturb the surrounding soil and affect its properties. Soil heaving can also occur owing to upward seepage inside the bucket embedded in sand, which hinders soil penetration; however, this mechanism is not well understood. Centrifuge model tests were performed to investigate this soil behaviour and its effect on the installation. Suction pressure, seepage flow, and soil plug heave were monitored under various installation conditions. Bender element and cone penetration tests were also conducted to evaluate the effect of soil plug loosening indirectly. The results illustrate the effects of upward seepage on soil plug heave during suction bucket installation. This study highlights the changes in the soil properties inside the bucket owing to the suction installation. This is an important design consideration for bucket installation, which also affects the bearing capacity of the suction bucket foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bucket foundation is a promising solution to support offshore wind turbines, due to rapid and quiet installation, low fabrication cost, etc. However, when the foundation is of considerable size (i.e., large diameter with low depth) and is in soft marine sediments, the reliability of the bucket foundation may be low. The large peripheral skirt of a bucket foundation may not confine the internal soil well enough to resist complex environmental loads, leading to a low utilization ratio. This study describes a type of stiffened bucket foundation that employs an internal cruciform skirt, which is an optimization of the conventional bucket foundation. The undrained capacity performance under general loading was systematically investigated by means of a three-dimensional finite element analysis, with the effects of foundation depth and soil strength heterogeneity considered. Parallel comparative analyses for both conventional and solid bucket foundations were also implemented. By comparing both uniaxial and combined loading capacities, the difference in bearing performance was examined and interpreted, and the advantage of employing an internal cruciform skirt and its suitable site conditions was highlighted. Furthermore, a suite of formulae is provided to guide the practical design of the bucket foundation with internal cruciform skirt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we performed laboratory experiments and numerical modeling to investigate the responses of soil layers surrounding a suction bucket under cyclic loads. Specially designed centrifugal experiments were conducted to obtain preliminary results. Numerical modeling using FLAC3D was then conducted for a sensitivity analysis of the controlling factors on the responses, for which the distribution characteristics of deformation and excess pore pressure are the main focuses. Our studies indicate that the excess pore pressure and the deformation develop gradually to a stable state, while the peak and fluctuation amplitude of those responses decrease with the increase in the bucket's radius, elastic modulus and cohesion and with the decrease in the load amplitude and frequency. Along the depth of the bucket, there is an inflection point of the displacement and excess pore pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of buckets containing soiled disinfectant solutions for disinfection is regularly practiced in food service and other settings. This study characterized microbial transfer of vegetative bacteria (Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli), spores (Bacillus cereus), and a virus (MS2 bacteriophage), to large surfaces, using a "cloth and bucket" method with a commonly used quaternaryammonium compound (QAC) disinfectant (with or without 5% soil) and a phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS) control. We also characterized concentrations of organisms in the bucket solutions after wiping. With disinfectant (with or without soil), there was little transfer of vegetative bacteria. Transfer occurred readily with the PBS control (4.8 ± 1.0 and 3.3 ± 0.9 log CFU/surface for Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli, respectively). Spores were transferred efficiently, regardless of whether PBS or QAC was used or whether test was with or without soil (range, 6.5 to 7.8 log CFU/surface). MS2 bacteriophage appeared to be eliminated relatively quickly. When the QAC did not inactivate the organism (regardless of soil load), high microbial loads (> 87.9% of initial inoculum) were detected in the bucket solution after wiping experiments. This study suggests that reusable cloth can potentially promote contamination of surfaces, sometimes in the presence of disinfectant. This is concerning for food service and other settings in which disinfection practices rely on the cloth and bucket system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bucket foundation with subdivision plate is a new offshore wind power foundation. In order to analyze the impact of subdivision plates on the seismic performance of bucket foundation, a finite element -infinite element coupled structure model was established by using ABAQUS, and the dynamic response of two bucket foundations with and without subdivision plates under the action of EI-Centro seismic wave with peak acceleration of 0.1g was compared and analyzed. In order to improve the seismic resistance of the foundation, the dynamic response of the bucket foundation with different heightdiameter ratios and subdivision forms was studied. The results show that the subdivision plate can increase the foundation stiffness, significantly reduce the foundation settlement and the corner at the mud surface, and improve the overall anti-seismic and anti-overturning ability. The foundation of 0.2 HSLR has better seismic performance compared with that of 0.3 and 0.5 HSLR, and the anti-overturning ability under earthquake action can be significantly improved for the foundation of 7 cabins. The 7 cabins bucket foundation with 0.2 HSLR is preferred as the seismic foundation type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When network users are intensively interacting during rush hour, avoiding data loss and latency is a concern in guaranteeing segment reliability. Implementing a leaky bucket could be needed to achieve flows effective monitoring by generating network of queues at given output link. Packets associated with different sessions and originated from different hosts may be mixed up and queuing delay may become longer, depending on network segment state, buffering strategy, users' behavior among other factors. It is interesting to assimilate these stages of packets traveling through network segment to the concept of epidemic control. This paper proposes a SIR (Susceptible–Infected–Recovered) approach in modeling data packets transmission at a leaky bucket at peak hour. We focused our analysis on packets buffering and recovery strategy impact on segment forwarding performance in heavy load situation. Numerical results suggested adapting buffering strategy and packets recovery to enhance transmission and network overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differences in sea surface temperature (SST) biases among groups of bucket measurements in the International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Dataset, version 3.0 (ICOADS3.0), were recently identified that introduce offsets of as much as 1°C and have first-order implications for regional temperature trends. In this study, the origin of these groupwise offsets is explored through covariation between offsets and diurnal cycle amplitudes. Examination of an extended bucket model leads to expectations for offsets and amplitudes to covary in either sign, whereas misclassified engine room intake (ERI) temperatures invariably lead to negative covariance on account of ERI measurements being warmer and having a smaller diurnal amplitude. An analysis of ICOADS3.0 SST measurements that are inferred to come from buckets indicates that offsets after the 1930s primarily result from the misclassification of ERI measurements in points of five lines of evidence. 1) Prior to when ERI measurements become available in the 1930s, offset–amplitude covariance is weak and generally positive, whereas covariance is stronger and generally negative subsequently. 2) The introduction of ERI measurements in the 1930s is accompanied by a wider range of offsets and diurnal amplitudes across groups, with 3) approximately 20% of estimated diurnal amplitudes being significantly smaller than buoy and drifter observations. 4) Regressions of offsets versus amplitudes intersect independently determined end-member values of ERI measurements. 5) Offset-amplitude slopes become less negative across all regions and seasons between 1960 and 1980, when ERI temperatures were independently determined to become less warmly biased. These results highlight the importance of accurately determining measurement procedures for bias corrections and reducing uncertainty in historical SST estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is devoted to the analysis of scour downstream of a converging stepped spillway equipped with a ski jump bucket. The energy dissipated by jets leaving the spillway can be divided in two parts: one is the kinetic energy dissipated along the jet trajectory and another one is the energy dissipated on the impact with the tailwater. Due to the jet impact, the riverbed is subjected to turbulent pressure fluctuations resulting in the formation of a scour hole. Different experimental conditions allowed to analyse the influence of different variables on the configuration of the loose bed scour, namely: the tailwater depth, the flow rate and the exit angle of the ski jump bucket. The results were compared to those presented by other authors. For some specific flow conditions, the 3D configuration of the scour hole was also determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software packages usually report the results of statistical tests using p‐values. Users often interpret these values by comparing them with standard thresholds, for example, 0.1, 1, and 5%, which is sometimes reinforced by a star rating (***, **, and *, respectively). We consider an arbitrary statistical test whose p‐value p is not available explicitly, but can be approximated by Monte Carlo samples, for example, by bootstrap or permutation tests. The standard implementation of such tests usually draws a fixed number of samples to approximate p. However, the probability that the exact and the approximated p‐value lie on different sides of a threshold (the resampling risk) can be high, particularly for p‐values close to a threshold. We present a method to overcome this. We consider a finite set of user‐specified intervals that cover [0, 1] and that can be overlapping. We call these p‐value buckets. We present algorithms that, with arbitrarily high probability, return a p‐value bucket containing p. We prove that for both a bounded resampling risk and a finite runtime, overlapping buckets need to be employed, and that our methods both bound the resampling risk and guarantee a finite runtime for such overlapping buckets. To interpret decisions with overlapping buckets, we propose an extension of the star rating system. We demonstrate that our methods are suitable for use in standard software, including for low p‐value thresholds occurring in multiple testing settings, and that they can be computationally more efficient than standard implementations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A vision-based sensing technique for soil deformation is developed. • Two depth cameras sequentially capture soil deformation while excavation. • Appropriate filtering and smoothing methods well track the terrain surface. • The usefulness of the sensing technique is experimentally demonstrated. • An interaction model for the excavation is updated based on the sensing results. This paper reports a vision-based technique of measuring the spatio-temporal deformation of excavated soil for estimating the bucket resistive force. The proposed measurement technique uses two depth cameras to determine three-dimensional soil-surface displacement. The technique consists of the following two processes: the first is related to image correlation between the two cameras, and the second involves data filtering and smoothing for generating soil deformation as a continuously curved surface. The proposed technique delivers measurement accuracy to the nearest centimeter. Typical experimental results of the three-dimensional measurement of soil deformation using the proposed technique are presented in the paper. Further, this study updates an interaction model for the resistive-force estimation while a bucket excavates soil. The model introduces a correction variable that changes with the bucket wrist angle by exploiting the experimental measurement of soil deformation. The model estimates the resistive force with an error of less than one quarter of the maximum force. These updates also exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bucket based structure form is closely related to its floating stability characteristics. The symmetrical bucket based structure form has been applied to engineering practice. In order to enrich the form of bucket based structure and expand its application scope, the floating stability of asymmetric bucket based structure was studied. Through the laboratory test, using the similar main parameters to make a test model, the floating stability of the overall bucket based structure was observed under different positions and draughts of the model忆s upper structure, and the draught depth, closed water height, freeboard height and the air pressure distribution in the warehouse were summarized when the upper structure was eccentric, then the control conditions for floating transportation of the asymmetric bucket based structure were proposed, which provides technical support for the design and construction of asymmetric bucket based structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical charges on fabrics, films, and membrane materials are of scientific interest for material development and performance. In many applications, available instruments do not have sufficient sensitivity to detect variations in charge needed for scientific investigations. This paper discusses the design and construction of a custom-made Faraday bucket for measuring the charge of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride fiber mats of sizes 3 × 3 cm2 and 4 × 4 cm2. An electrometer directly measured the change in the voltage potentials of the inner conductor of the Faraday bucket due to the insertion of fiber mat samples. The measured potentials were converted to electrical charge by modeling the Faraday bucket as a source-free resistance–capacitance circuit. The results show that the Faraday bucket was sufficiently sensitive and measured differences in the potential and charge of the fiber mats due to variations in sample size (or mass), and it detected differences in charge depending on whether the sample was taken from the center or the edges of the electrospun fiber mats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose in this paper a new method processing the projection of an arbitrary size vector onto the probabilistic simplex or the ℓ 1 ball. Our method merges two principles. The first one is an original search of the projection using a bucket algorithm. The second one is a filtering, on the fly, of the values that cannot be part of the projection. The combination of these two principles offers a simple and efficient algorithm whose worst-case complexity is linear with respect to the vector size. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm exploits the representation of numeric values in digital computers to define the number of buckets and to accelerate the filtering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An excavator is a very popular machine in today's mining industry, for construction, demolition, and material handling. In all these applications, linear and non-linear reaction forces are exerted onto the bucket and these forces induce a huge amount of noise and vibration, and finally, the vibration propagates to the whole body of the excavator. The vibration damages the bucket body and its cutting teeth with time, so it is a common practice to change the bucket with a new one or replace their teeth, which are no longer usable. This research work is focused on different techniques of using rubber and other materials attached to the bucket so that it can induce fewer disturbances resulting less vibration onto the bucket. A practical standard bucket has been considered for investigation. Firstly, the Modal analysis is performed to understand the mode shapes and the natural frequencies of the bucket (bare bucket and bucket with different attachments). Secondly, harmonic analysis has been performed to understand the amplitudes of the vibration in different modes. The results obtained from the simulation for different attachments are compared with the results of a standard bucket. A significant reduction of amplitude of vibration has been observed at different modes of vibration with the change of different kinds of attachment. Finally, a small-sized bucket has been manufactured and prepared for experiments and consequently, the simulation has been performed for this adopted size of the bucket in order to verify the simulation analysis and results. Copyright © 2020 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The response of bucket foundations for offshore wind turbines subjected to cyclic loading in saturated clay is explored through three-dimensional finite element numerical analyses. In the analyses, nonlinear cyclic hysteretic behavior of clay under undrained condition is modeled through a simple kinematic hardening constitutive model embedded in ABAQUS. The finite element model is validated against published in situ tests of bucket foundations under quasistatic cyclic loading in Bothkennar clay. The computed results agreed generally with those from in situ tests. The behavior of bucket foundations with different aspect ratios under displacement-controlled cyclic loading mode is investigated. Then, the evolution of foundation displacement with increasing number of cycles is studied subjected to wind and wave combined loading. The results show that, for the cycles of low-amplitude rotation, dimensionless moment-rotation curve is approximately elastic; however, the curve engenders obvious hysteresis loop, whose shape is influenced by soil-sidewall interface condition, during high-amplitude cycles. Under thousands of loading cycles, for bucket foundations of low aspect ratio, the oscillatory displacement component is smaller; however, the residual component will accumulate gradually until the serviceability rotation is exceeded. For foundations of high aspect ratio, the oscillatory component is relatively larger, but the accumulation rate of residual displacement decreases gradually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flip buckets at the end of a spillway can dissipate the flood discharge energy. Compared to other energy dissipators, this is a cost-effective structure. The formation of a scour hole downstream of a flip bucket is a topic of interest among hydraulic engineers. The current study investigated scouring downstream of a flip bucket under two major scenarios: (i) free conditions, and (ii) slotted conditions with rectangular and triangular slots configured differently under four different discharge rates. In total, 20 experiments were conducted in this study. Results showed that the use of a deflector slot greatly affected the scour extent and depth, resulting in a greater scour reduction (53%) in the labyrinth rectangular slotted bucket compared to the solid bucket. The results were compared to empirical equations, and a high correlation was observed between them. In comparison, the Taraimovich equation produced more accurate results in control experiments, and the Damle-A and Damle-B equations produced more accurate results in experiments corresponding to labyrinth rectangular and triangular slotted buckets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low quality social relationships in older adults are strongly associated with feelings of loneliness. Physical activity interventions could reduce loneliness and improve psychological well-being, among other health benefits. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of a Physical Activity Intervention for Loneliness (PAIL) in community-dwelling older adults at risk of loneliness. Methods: The PAIL feasibility study was a 12-week randomized controlled feasibility trial (RCT) conducted in Birmingham, United Kingdom, from February 2018 to August 2018, and ran in two waves of data collection. Eligible participants were community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older, sedentary (less than 20 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) a week), and at risk of loneliness. The intervention included once-weekly group walk and health education workshop up to 90 min per session in total, with a wait-listed (WL) control group. The primary feasibility outcomes were to estimate recruitment, retention rates and adherence to the intervention. Secondary outcome measures (not blinded assessment) were body mass index, blood pressure, physical activity and psychosocial variables. Process and outcome evaluations were conducted using focus groups interviews. The recruitment and retention progression criteria for the definitive large-scale RCT was set a-priori. Results: Forty-eight participants were recruited over 4 months with a recruitment rate of 25% (48/195); 52% (25/48) met the inclusion criteria and 100% (25/25) were randomised into the intervention (n = 12) and WL control groups (n = 13). Participants were 25 older adults (mean (SD) 68.5(8.05) years), 14 (56%) female, and 18 (72%) white. At 12 weeks, 10/12 (83.3%) intervention and 10/13 (76.9%) control participants completed the final assessments. The average attendance rate was 58.3% for the intervention group (range 33.0%-75.0%) and 42.3% (range 23.1%–69.2%) among controls. The a priori recruitment and retention criteria for progression were not met. No serious adverse events occurred. The focus group results identified three themes which showed overall positive experiences of participation in PAIL in terms of (1) study design and intervention; (2) walking sessions; and (3) health education workshops. Conclusions: The findings suggest that community-dwelling older adults at risk of loneliness found the intervention and measures acceptable and could safely participate. However, a more extensive and robust strategy would be needed to support adequate recruitment of lonely older adults and adherence into a definitive RCT. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03458793 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the evolution process of the swallow-tailed flip bucket water nappe entering into the plunge pool is simulated by using the standard k-ε turbulence model and the volume-of-fluid method. The effects of the upstream opening width ratio and downstream bucket angle on the flow pattern, the unit discharge distribution, and the impact pressure distribution are studied. Based on the numerical results, the inner and outer jet trajectories are proposed by using the data. Results show that the longitudinal stretching length decreases with the increase of the upstream opening width ratio and increases with the increase of the downstream bucket angle. The water nappe enters the plunge pool in a long strip shape. Thus, the unit discharge distribution of water nappe entry is consistent with the pressure distribution at the plunge pool bottom. The upstream opening width ratio and downstream bucket angle should be chosen as their intermediate values in order to have a uniform discharge distribution and to reduce the pressure peak at the plunge pool floor, which is effectively to avoid instability and destruction of plunge pool floor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategic buckets method is often posited as an approach to ensure the strategic alignment of an research and development (R&D) portfolio with firm's strategy. Despite its popularity, crafting the right set of buckets to allocate resources is not a straightforward task. We consider the question of how to establish a set of buckets that aligns the R&D portfolio with the business strategy. We carried out a case-based research and investigate seven companies in order to propose a framework to assist decision makers in designing this set of buckets. Our framework is composed of four strategic constructs, namely, technology, market, capabilities, and organizational processes. In addition to these four constructs, we suggest that the external environment also be taken into account. We discuss the key benefits and offer theoretical insights concerning the strategic constructs, which can be combined and divided, resulting in a set of buckets that better suits a company's strategy. In addition, we acknowledge the idiosyncratic nature of firms and, as opposed to prescribing a static approach for companies, we suggest the design of buckets as a dynamic process to be performed according to the four different constructs, together with a firm's interaction with the external environment. We close by discussing the implications of our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bucket based structure is sunk and installed by waiting for tide water in the engineering practice, which delays the construction speed, forms no flowing operation, and limits the application scope of the bucket based structure. To this end, the experimental study on the sinking stability of the bucket based structure was carried out. Through the indoor pool test, a test model was made using similar main parameters. The observation model was used to observe the air pressure, water level, and cable tension values in the compartment at different depths. Through comparative analysis, it is concluded that negative buoyancy is the main control factor for the stability of the bucket based structure; the gas in the compartment can provide stable buoyancy and also has the ability to restore balance; using negative buoyancy technology can achieve the bucket based structure that is installed underwater to ensure the safety of the installation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stages of healing for classic metaphyseal lesions (CMLs) are not well established. Follow-up skeletal surveys provide an opportunity to evaluate signs of healing CMLs.Objective: To evaluate the sequence of CML healing phases by comparing initial and follow-up skeletal surveys in children with distal tibial CMLs on the initial survey. Findings could assist in child abuse investigations.Materials and Methods: We identified all distal tibia CMLs with initial and follow-up skeletal surveys performed January 2009 through December 2018 at our institution. Two pediatric radiologists reviewed the surveys using Likert score from 1 (no CML) to 5 (definite CML). Only cases with score of 4 or 5 by both radiologists were selected for the study. The initial and 2-week follow-up skeletal surveys were reviewed in consensus for presence of the following signs: corner fracture, thin bucket handle fracture, thick bucket handle fracture, bucket handle fracture with endochondral bone filling the gap, subphyseal lucency, deformed corner, and subperiosteal new bone formation. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test to evaluate for significant difference in thickness among thin bucket handle fracture, thick bucket handle fracture, and bucket handle fracture with endochondral bone filling the gap.Results: We included 26 children (12 girls) with age range 1-9.9 months who had a combined 34 distal tibia CMLs. Thin bucket handle fracture (n=13, 38.2%) was only seen on initial survey. On follow-up, six children had thick bucket handle fracture and four had bucket handle fracture with endochondral bone filling the gap. Fourteen thick bucket handle fractures (n=9) or bucket handle fractures with endochondral bone filling the gap (n=5) were noted on initial surveys; on follow-up, three (21.4%) had deformed corner, one (7.1%) had corner fracture, one (7.1%) had subphyseal lucency, and five (35.7%) were normal. None demonstrated thin bucket handle fracture on follow-up. Two of the nine (22.2%) thick bucket handle fractures became thicker, and 3/9 (33.3%) became bucket handle fractures with endochondral bone filling the gap. The metaphysis normalized in 8/34 (23.5%) CMLs on follow-up surveys. The thickness of thin bucket handle fracture was less than 1 mm (mean±standard deviation [SD] = 0.6±0.2 mm), which was significantly thinner (P<0.0001) compared with thick bucket handle fracture (1.7±0.5 mm) and bucket handle fracture with endochondral bone filling the gap (1.9±0.6 mm).Conclusion: The lack of thin bucket handle fractures on any follow-up skeletal surveys suggests this sign represents an acute phase of injury. The next phases of healing appear to be thick bucket handle fracture followed by bucket handle fracture with endochondral bone filling the gap. It is important to note that normalization of the metaphysis at 2-week follow-up does not exclude CML because this was seen in about one-fifth of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study constructs an optimization model to address ski-jump energy dissipation problems in different reservoir environments. The multiobjective genetic algorithm is herein applied as the calculation method. In the process of changing the ski-jump flow model, the runoff of ski-jump flow is changed (especially the abnormal flip bucket). Water flow might go from having a single falling point to multiple falling points. Optimization is only performed after the stabilization of the fall of the water because the fall of the water from the starting point to the ground is not stable over a short period. Only a stable flow can reduce the computation time for optimization. The optimal overflow width and height of the flip bucket were calculated through optimal computation, which can minimize the scouring force of the water flow as it falls to the ground. The results obtained provide theoretical references for practical engineering and reduce the potential safety hazards. The energy in flip buckets following the optimization of the water flow can be fully dissipated, creating an ecosystem where water can flow unobstructed. Guiding a water flow to water-deficient areas is of great significance in ensuring the long-term protection of environments and ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the following "balls in buckets" problem. Suppose there is a sequence B 1 , B 2 , ... , B n of buckets having integer sizes s 1 , s 2 , ... , s n , respectively. For a given target fraction α , 0 < α < 1 , our goal is to sequentially place balls in buckets until at least ⌈ α n ⌉ buckets are full, so as to minimize the number of balls used, which we shall denote by O P T α (I) for a given instance I. If we knew the size of each bucket, we could obtain an optimal assignment, simply by filling the buckets in order of increasing size until the desired number had been filled. Here we consider the case where, although we know n and α , we do not know the specific bucket sizes s i , and when we place a ball in bucket B j , we only learn whether or not the bucket B j is now full. We study what can be done under four variants of incomplete information: 1. We know nothing at all about the bucket sizes; 2. we know the maximum bucket size; 3. we know the sizes s 1 ≤ s 2 ≤ ⋯ ≤ s m that occur in the instance; and 4. we know the profile of the sizes: the size list as above, and, for each size, s i , the number k i of buckets that have that size, providing both algorithmic performance guarantees and lower bounds on the best that any algorithm can achieve. The game above showcases the rich variety of interesting combinatorial and algorithmic questions that this setup gives rise to, and in addition has applications in an area of cryptography known as secure multi-party computation , where taking over ("corrupting") a party by an adversary has a cost, and where a hidden diversity —corresponding to lack of information on the amount of computational resources the adversary should invest to corrupt a participant—translates into robustness and efficiency benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are all in this together. Perhaps for the first time in our history every human population is dealing with the same problem at the same time. It is appropriate to spend some time examining how humans function under stress and what helps alleviate the stress. Care, for others and from others, seems to be one of our deepest neurobiological responses to threat and overwhelm. Yet, care, as traditionally seen as the work of females of our species, has not been afforded the credit that it deserves. Conversely, care is seen as a secondary weakness. Examining attachment theory, the polyvagal theory, and mindfulness-based attachment research, we can learn that indeed we are creatures who thrive on being cared for and deteriorate when care is not provided or available. In this time of fear and concern, it is postulated that perhaps this is the time to examine long held belief that caring for other is not weakness and not exclusively the realm of the female, but an inborn response to external threat available to all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pro Lein secondary sLiucLLirc prcdicLion is an imporLanL pail of pro Lein sLiucLure research. When a large niimher of new prcdicLion mcLhods arc proposed, new pm Lein secondary s Lmc Lure prcdicLion scrvci's emerge. This paper sclccLs seven commonly used pm Lein secondary sLiucLHre prcdicLion servers: PSRSM, SPOT-1D, MUFOLD, Spidcr3, RapLorX, Psipred, and Jpred4 Lo cvalnaLe Lhcir insLrLie Lions and predic Led cffccLs. The cvalnaLion daLa seL is Lhe 180 pro Leins released by Lhc randomly sclecLcd PDB from AngnsL Lo JNovcmbcr in 2018. The cvakiaLion parameLers arc Q3, Sov, boundary recogniLion raLc, inLernal rccogniLion raLc, corner C rccogniLion raLc, folding E rccogniLion raLc, and spiral 11 rccogniLion raLc. ITic Q3 resulLs of Lhe above servers were 89.96%, 88.18%， 86.74%，85.77%，83.61%，79.72%，and 78.29%, which show LhaL Lhc prcdicLion rcsidLs of PSKSM were Lhe hcsL. In Lhc 180 LcsL scLs, Lhc rcsulLs of Lhc classificaLion of 30%，40%，and 70% homology show LhaL Lhe Q3 rcsulLs of PSRSM were 89.49%, 90.53%，and 89.87%，rcspcc Lively, which were superior Lo oLhcr servers. The experimen Lal rcsulLs siiggcsL LhaL pro Lein secondary sLrncLLire prcdicLion could be fnrLhcr sLiidied by combining mulLiplc deep learning mcLhods and using Lhc big daLa Lraining model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents solutions for two constructive-functional variants for traction cable winding drum of the lifting mechanism of the EsRc-1400 excavator bucket wheel boom, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oldest inscription known from a North German archaeological context appears on a cista a cordoni (Rippenziste) unearthed in 1845 at Pansdorf, in what is now Schleswig Holstein. Conserved in Lübeck, the inscription has long been passed over by scholars, considered uninterpretable. It appears on the rim of a bronze pail typical of those manufactured in Golaseccan contexts, however, and seems most plausibly understood as a Celto-Etruscan find. Appearing on an import dated to c. 500 BC by archaeologists, the most probable interpretation of the Pansdorf inscription is that it preserves a linguistically Celtic name, written in a typically Etruscan manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Privacy preserving data publishing (PPDP) refers to the releasing of anonymized data for the purpose of research and analysis. A considerable amount of research work exists for the publication of data, having a single sensitive attribute. The practical scenarios in PPDP with multiple sensitive attributes (MSAs) have not yet attracted much attention of researchers. Although a recently proposed technique (p, k)-Angelization provided a novel solution, in this regard, where one-to-one correspondence between the buckets in the generalized table (GT) and the sensitive table (ST) has been used. However, we have investigated a possibility of privacy leakage through MSA correlation among linkable sensitive buckets and named it as "fingerprint correlation fcorr attack." Mitigating that in this paper, we propose an improved solution " c , k -anonymization" algorithm. The proposed solution thwarts the fcorr attack using some privacy measures and improves the one-to-one correspondence to one-to-many correspondence between the buckets in GT and ST which further reduces the privacy risk with increased utility in GT. We have formally modelled and analysed the attack and the proposed solution. Experiments on the real-world datasets prove the outperformance of the proposed solution as compared to its counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Model tests have been performed to investigate the penetration and tip resistance and inner and outer earth pressure of bucket foundations embedded in sand with the jacking installation method. The soil plug, the soil-skirt interaction, and the penetration resistance of the bucket are determined by these tests. Based on the soil arch theory, analytical expressions of the inner soil pressure and the penetration resistance for the bucket are presented and verified by the test results. The results show that the soil plug begins to form when the penetration displacement reaches 1 times the width of the bucket, and the incremental filling ratios of each bucket are 0.65 to 0.7 and 0.8 at the end of penetration. The inner earth pressure of the bucket is in the form of a double broken line, which is same as the open-ended piles. The theoretical formula of the penetration force considering the soil arching effect can predict the penetration force well, and the ratio of the soil arch resistance to the total resistance during the penetration is up to 85%, which indicates that the soil arch resistance plays an important role in the total penetration resistance during the jacking installation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pelton turbine is a type of hydraulic turbine suitable for medium, high and ultra-high head hydropower exploitation. As energy conversion units, the Pelton turbine has numerous design parameters affecting its energy conversion efficiency. In this paper, a three-dimensional unsteady simulation was conducted to analyze the influence of bucket number on the hydraulic performance and internal flow behavior of a model Pelton turbine. Five different bucket numbers in a total runner were selected for numerical examination, including the optimal number of 21 determined by the empirical formula. As the bucket number increased with the same operating conditions, the predicted hydraulic efficiency of the Pelton turbine rose to the maximum under optimal bucket number and then decline. Compared with the optimal bucket number of 21, the hydraulic efficiency of the Pelton turbine with 15, 17 buckets decreased by 2.8 % and 1 % respectively. By analyzing the variation of torque coefficient and water sheet flow under different bucket numbers, the interacting mechanism between bucket number and performance of the Pelton turbine was discussed. Numerical result indicated that the phase difference of the single bucket torque coefficient affected by the flow pattern exerted an influence on mean of the runner torque coefficient and hydraulic efficiency. This paper provides an in-depth understanding of the bucket number to the flow mechanism in the bucket for exploring the energy conversion efficiency of the Pelton turbine. • Disclosed the interacting mechanism of bucket number on Pelton turbine performance. • Studied the water sheet flow behavior in a Pelton turbine with 5 bucket numbers. • Disclosed the effect of each bucket on runner torque with 5 bucket numbers. • Bucket cutout leakage flow caused the efficiency drop at low bucket numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at reducing remaining materials and improving efficiency during bulk materials clearance, a Flexible Bucket Wheel Reclaimer (FBWR) was designed using a series of compact rotary elastic joints to enable bucket adjustment. The dynamics of the FBWR was analysed to calculate the contact force of the buckets. The stiffness of the elastic joints was investigated theoretically, numerically and experimentally for both frictionless and frictional conditions. From comparisons, good agreements were achieved by the calculations, simulations and tests. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was conducted for the rotary elastic joints, including the stiffness, the rotation, the friction force and the stiffness ratio, from which the trends of these parameters in relationship to the Coefficient of Friction (CoF) and the Elastic Modulus (EM) were obtained. It is believed that the findings in this study can assist in the design of FBWRs and facilitate their applications in practice. Design of FBWR and rotary elastic joint stiffness. [Display omitted] • Develop a flexible bucket wheel reclaimer using rotary elastic joints; • Predict rotary elastic joint stiffness based on mathematical and FEM models; • Propose a test method to measure and validate rotary elastic joint stiffness; • Analyse rotary elastic joint stiffness to design flexible bucket wheel reclaimers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The offshore wind industry is currently expanding into emerging markets at a rapid pace. Some of these markets are located in areas characterized by frequent extreme events. From a geotechnical perspective, this results in new design challenges, as foundations must withstand severe loads repeatedly throughout their intended lifetimes. Jacket structures resting on suction buckets represent a new foundation concept that still requires research to become a potential optimal solution. The vertical cyclic response of bucket foundations constitutes the main topic of this article. The current study is based on observations of the behavior of a scaled model installed in dense sand. Both normal and extreme conditions were simulated by applying axial cyclic loads of varying amplitudes, means, and frequencies. High amplitude and low frequency cause significant stiffness degradation and permanent displacement. These scenarios occur due to build-up of excess pore pressure, with subsequent triggering of liquefaction. A criterion for liquefaction occurrence is identified and may be readily used for practical applications. Considerable levels of tensile loading lead to a high rate of heave, regardless of frequency. For one-way compressive forces, after an extreme loading sequence, stiffness returns to its initial level, as long as no liquefaction develops priorly. This bears essential implications in predicting the change of natural frequency of the system. • Load amplitude and frequency influence directly the level of stiffness degradation. • Nonzero mean excess pore pressure is associated with significant plastic deformation. • Stiffness recovers after an extreme event that does not trigger liquefaction. • Mean tensile loading leads to an immediate onset of rapidly increasing heave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excavators have been used in construction for a century, and simulation-based performance prediction is cost-effective for equipment design. In practice, particle size varies, and it is of interest to investigate how excavators perform differently when handling polydisperse bulk materials using different configurated buckets. This work simulates three ternary-sized material stockpiles and evaluates the performance of excavators with different bucket configurations (including width, depth, and number of tooth stations) on the basis of co-simulation of multibody dynamics and discrete element method. The results show how excavator performance indicators such as bucket payload and hydraulic power consumption relate to particle size distribution and bucket configuration. This work demonstrates the usefulness and potential of co-simulation in optimising equipment design and operation. Further research directions should be focused on the prediction of excavator performance and bucket wear in more complex working environments and the improvement of operating strategies. • Excavator performance under different conditions is predicted numerically. • Increased proportion of small-sized materials increases bucket force-bearing area. • Narrower but deeper bucket deposits a higher payload. • Bucket with one less tooth station alleviates hydraulic power fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The requirements for the foundation bearing characteristics become higher due to the evolution of offshore wind turbines in the abyssal sea. Tripod bucket foundations have good bearing performance and has gradually become a trend. To investigate the horizontal dynamic behavior of the tripod bucket foundation and the dynamic characteristics relationship between the tripod bucket and the single bucket under horizontal monotonic loadings, the predictive model of the dynamic characteristics of the tripod bucket is established through formula derivation, and extensive numerical analyses were conducted under horizontal monotonic loadings in clay. It was confirmed that the limit bearing moment of the tripod bucket enhances with increment of bucket spacing and length. The ultimate bearing moment has an exponential positive correlation with the ratio of length and diameter (L / D) for the single bucket and a linear positive correlation with the ratio of space and diameter (S / D) for the bucket. Predicting the dynamic characteristics of tripod bucket foundations under horizontal monotonic loadings based on the horizontal bearing capacity coefficient model and the single bucket foundations horizontal dynamic characteristics. Simplified prediction of the tripod bucket foundations' rotation angle and moment has been verified under horizontal monotonic loadings. That can provide a certain design reference of the multi-bucket foundation by studying the relationship between single and jacket foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by traditional shaduf technology in the irrigation field, we fabricated a superhydrophobic stainless steel mesh bucket by layering polystyrene and SiO 2 nanoparticles through a facile dip coating technique for effective oil-water separation. The superhydrophobic steel mesh bucket could effectively lift oil as well as microplastic pollutants from the water surface. The water contact angle of a two-layered polystyrene-silica coating was 158.5° ± 2°, while the oil contact angle was nearly 0°. The oil-water separation performance of superhydrophobic mesh was tested using several kinds of oil. The separation efficiency achieved for low viscous oil was 99.33 %, while 86.66 % efficiency was recorded for high viscous oil. The superhydrophobic mesh showed high durability against mechanical tests including bending, folding, twisting, adhesive tape tearing (25 cycles), and sandpaper abrasion (20 cycles). The mesh presented admirable thermal and chemical durability. The present superhydrophobic steel mesh bucket is a suitable candidate for large-scale application. [Display omitted] • A facile approach for oil-water separation using the superhydrophobic mesh bucket was illustrated. • The bucket design draws inspiration from traditional shaduf technology used in irrigation. • The superhydrophobic mesh bucket could separate oil as well as microplastic pollutants from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of a low-cost, off-the-shelf RADAR precipitation gauge called the OTT/Hydromet WS100 for measuring winter precipitation. The sensor was compared to a Pluvio bucket system and a heated tipping bucket at a meteorological site in Utah, and showed strong agreement in measuring snow water equivalent (SWE) and estimating precipitation type. The WS100 sensor also provides real-time data on precipitation intensity and totals, which can be combined with other meteorological data to analyze storm characteristics. While the sensor has some limitations, such as being overwhelmed by heavy storms, it offers a cost-effective and low-maintenance solution for monitoring precipitation in multiple locations. [Extracted from the article]