12,033 results on '"P. Martens"'
Search Results
202. Tell Me a Story! Narrative-Driven XAI with Large Language Models
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Martens, David, Hinns, James, Dams, Camille, Vergouwen, Mark, and Evgeniou, Theodoros
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
In many AI applications today, the predominance of black-box machine learning models, due to their typically higher accuracy, amplifies the need for Explainable AI (XAI). Existing XAI approaches, such as the widely used SHAP values or counterfactual (CF) explanations, are arguably often too technical for users to understand and act upon. To enhance comprehension of explanations of AI decisions and the overall user experience, we introduce XAIstories, which leverage Large Language Models to provide narratives about how AI predictions are made: SHAPstories do so based on SHAP explanations, while CFstories do so for CF explanations. We study the impact of our approach on users' experience and understanding of AI predictions. Our results are striking: over 90% of the surveyed general audience finds the narratives generated by SHAPstories convincing. Data scientists primarily see the value of SHAPstories in communicating explanations to a general audience, with 83% of data scientists indicating they are likely to use SHAPstories for this purpose. In an image classification setting, CFstories are considered more or equally convincing as the users' own crafted stories by more than 75% of the participants. CFstories additionally bring a tenfold speed gain in creating a narrative. We also find that SHAPstories help users to more accurately summarize and understand AI decisions, in a credit scoring setting we test, correctly answering comprehension questions significantly more often than they do when only SHAP values are provided. The results thereby suggest that XAIstories may significantly help explaining and understanding AI predictions, ultimately supporting better decision-making in various applications. more...
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- 2023
203. A First Principles Derivation of Energy Conserving Momentum Jumps in Surface Hopping Simulations
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Huang, Dorothy Miaoyu, Green, Austin T., and Martens, Craig C.
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Quantum Physics ,Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
The fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) method proposed by Tully in 1990 [J. C Tully, J. Chem. Phys. 93, 1061 (1990)] -- along with its many later variations -- is basis for most practical simulations of molecular dynamics with electronic transitions in realistic systems. Despite its popularity, a rigorous formal derivation of the algorithm has yet to be achieved. In this paper, we derive the energy conserving momentum jumps characterizing FSSH from the perspective of quantum trajectory surface hopping (QTSH [C. C. Martens, J. Phys. Chem. A 123, 1110 (2019)]. In the limit of localized nonadiabatic transitions, simple mathematical and physical arguments allow the FSSH algorithm to be derived from first principles. For general processes, the quantum forces characterizing the QTSH method provides accurate results for nonadiabatic dynamics with rigorous energy conservation at the ensemble level within the consistency of the underlying stochastic surface hopping without resorting to the artificial momentum rescaling of FSSH., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures more...
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- 2023
204. Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment
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Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., DÁndrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Šarčević, N., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T. more...
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High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
The precision in reconstructing events detected in a dual-phase time projection chamber depends on an homogeneous and well understood electric field within the liquid target. In the XENONnT TPC the field homogeneity is achieved through a double-array field cage, consisting of two nested arrays of field shaping rings connected by an easily accessible resistor chain. Rather than being connected to the gate electrode, the topmost field shaping ring is independently biased, adding a degree of freedom to tune the electric field during operation. Two-dimensional finite element simulations were used to optimize the field cage, as well as its operation. Simulation results were compared to ${}^{83m}\mathrm{Kr}$ calibration data. This comparison indicates an accumulation of charge on the panels of the TPC which is constant over time, as no evolution of the reconstructed position distribution of events is observed. The simulated electric field was then used to correct the charge signal for the field dependence of the charge yield. This correction resolves the inconsistent measurement of the drift electron lifetime when using different calibrations sources and different field cage tuning voltages. more...
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- 2023
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205. A Unifying Perspective on Succinct Data Representations
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Kimelfeld, Benny, Martens, Wim, and Niewerth, Matthias
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Computer Science - Databases ,Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory - Abstract
Factorized representations (FRs) are a well-known tool to succinctly represent results of join queries and have been originally defined using the named database perspective. We define FRs in the unnamed database perspective and use them to establish several new connections. First, unnamed FRs can be exponentially more succinct than named FRs, but this difference can be alleviated by imposing a disjointness condition on columns. Conversely, named FRs can also be exponentially more succinct than unnamed FRs. Second, unnamed FRs are the same as (i.e., isomorphic to) context-free grammars for languages in which each word has the same length. This tight connection allows us to transfer a wide range of results on context-free grammars to database factorization; of which we offer a selection in the paper. Third, when we generalize unnamed FRs to arbitrary sets of tuples, they become a generalization of \emph{path multiset representations}, a formalism that was recently introduced to succinctly represent sets of paths in the context of graph database query evaluation. more...
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- 2023
206. Zombie Cats on the Quantum-Classical Frontier: Wigner-Moyal and Semiclassical Limit Dynamics of Quantum Coherence in Molecules
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Green, Austin T. and Martens, Craig C.
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Quantum Physics ,Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the time evolution of quantum coherence -- the off-diagonal elements of the density matrix of a multistate quantum system -- from the perspective of the Wigner-Moyal formalism. This approach provides an exact phase space representation of quantum mechanics. We consider the coherent evolution of nuclear wavepackets in a molecule with two electronic states. For harmonic potentials, the problem is exactly soluble for both fully quantum and semiclassical descriptions. We highlight serious deficiencies of the semiclassical treatment of coherence for general systems and illustrate how even qualitative accuracy requires higher terms in the Moyal expansion to be included. The model provides an experimentally relevant example of a molecular Schrodinger's cat state. The alive and dead cats of the exact two state quantum evolution collapses into a "zombie" cat in the semiclassical limit -- an averaged behavior, neither alive nor dead, leading to significant errors. The inclusion of the Moyal correction restores a faithful simultaneously alive and dead representation of the cat that is experimentally observable., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, corrected typos more...
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- 2023
207. Unlocking the Diagnostic Potential of ECG through Knowledge Transfer from Cardiac MRI
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Turgut, Özgün, Müller, Philip, Hager, Paul, Shit, Suprosanna, Starck, Sophie, Menten, Martin J., Martens, Eimo, and Rueckert, Daniel
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely available diagnostic tool that allows for a cost-effective and fast assessment of the cardiovascular health. However, more detailed examination with expensive cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is often preferred for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. While providing detailed visualization of the cardiac anatomy, CMR imaging is not widely available due to long scan times and high costs. To address this issue, we propose the first self-supervised contrastive approach that transfers domain-specific information from CMR images to ECG embeddings. Our approach combines multimodal contrastive learning with masked data modeling to enable holistic cardiac screening solely from ECG data. In extensive experiments using data from 40,044 UK Biobank subjects, we demonstrate the utility and generalizability of our method. We predict the subject-specific risk of various cardiovascular diseases and determine distinct cardiac phenotypes solely from ECG data. In a qualitative analysis, we demonstrate that our learned ECG embeddings incorporate information from CMR image regions of interest. We make our entire pipeline publicly available, including the source code and pre-trained model weights. more...
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- 2023
208. Simple few-shot method for spectrally resolving the wavefront of an ultrashort laser pulse
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Smartsev, Slava, Liberman, Aaron, Andriyash, Igor A., Cavagna, Antoine, Flacco, Alessandro, Giaccaglia, Camilla, Kaur, Jaismeen, Monzac, Joséphine, Tata, Sheroy, Vernier, Aline, Malka, Victor, Lopez-Martens, Rodrigo, and Faure, Jérôme more...
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Physics - Optics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
We present a novel and straightforward approach for the spatio-spectral characterization of ultrashort pulses. This minimally intrusive method relies on placing a mask with specially arranged pinholes in the beam path before the focusing optic and retrieving the spectrally-resolved laser wavefront from the speckle pattern produced at focus. We test the efficacy of this new method by accurately retrieving chromatic aberrations, such as pulse front tilt, pulse front curvature, and higher-order aberrations introduced by a spherical lens. The simplicity and scalability of this method, combined with its compatibility with single-shot operation, make it a promising candidate to become a new standard diagnostic tool in high-intensity laser facilities., Comment: Algorithm updated: near-field intensity measurement no longer needed. Revised version extracts phase and amplitude at pinhole positions. Wavefronts nearly unchanged. Paper adjusted, typos corrected, and cosmetic figure changes made more...
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- 2023
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209. Pseudolocality and completeness for nonnegative Ricci curvature limits of 3D singular Ricci flows
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Chau, Albert and Martens, Adam
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Mathematics - Differential Geometry ,53E20 - Abstract
Lai (2021) used singular Ricci flows, introduced by Kleiner and Lott (2017), to construct a nonnegative Ricci curvature Ricci flow $g(t)$ emerging from an arbitrary 3D complete noncompact Riemannian manifold $(M^3, g_0)$ which has nonnegative Ricci curvature. We show $g(t)$ is complete for positive times provided $g_0$ satisfies a volume ratio lower bound that approaches zero at spatial infinity. Our proof combines a pseudolocality result of Lai (2021) for singular flows, together with a pseudolocality result of Hochard (2016) and Simon and Topping (2022) for nonsingular flows. We also show that the construction of complete nonnegative complex sectional curvature flows by Cabezas-Rivas and Wilking (2015) can be adapted here to show $g(t)$ is complete for positive times provided $g_0$ is a compactly supported perturbation of a nonnegative sectional curvature metric on $\mathbb{R}^3$., Comment: 12 pages; statement of Theorem 1.2 revised; correction and details added in proof of Theorem 1.2 (section 4); references [8], [18], [24] added more...
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- 2023
210. Computing minimal distinguishing Hennessy-Milner formulas is NP-hard, but variants are tractable
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Martens, Jan and Groote, Jan Friso
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Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science ,F.4.1 - Abstract
We study the problem of computing minimal distinguishing formulas for non-bisimilar states in finite LTSs. We show that this is NP-hard if the size of the formula must be minimal. Similarly, the existence of a short distinguishing trace is NP-complete. However, we can provide polynomial algorithms, if minimality is formulated as the minimal number of nested modalities, and it can even be extended by recursively requiring a minimal number of nested negations. A prototype implementation shows that the generated formulas are much smaller than those generated by the method introduced by Cleaveland., Comment: Accepted at CONCUR 2023 more...
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- 2023
211. Interfacial alloying between lead halide perovskite crystals and hybrid glasses.
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Li, Xuemei, Huang, Wengang, Krajnc, Andraž, Yang, Yuwei, Shukla, Atul, Lee, Jaeho, Ghasemi, Mehri, Martens, Isaac, Chan, Bun, Appadoo, Dominique, Chen, Peng, Wen, Xiaoming, Steele, Julian, Hackbarth, Haira, Sun, Qiang, Mali, Gregor, Lin, Rijia, Bedford, Nicholas, Chen, Vicki, Cheetham, Anthony, Tizei, Luiz, Collins, Sean, Wang, Lianzhou, and Hou, Jingwei more...
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The stellar optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites provide enormous promise for next-generation optical devices with excellent conversion efficiencies and lower manufacturing costs. However, there is a long-standing ambiguity as to whether the perovskite surface/interface (e.g. structure, charge transfer or source of off-target recombination) or bulk properties are the more determining factor in device performance. Here we fabricate an array of CsPbI3 crystal and hybrid glass composites by sintering and globally visualise the property-performance landscape. Our findings reveal that the interface is the primary determinant of the crystal phases, optoelectronic quality, and stability of CsPbI3. In particular, the presence of a diffusion alloying layer is discovered to be critical for passivating surface traps, and beneficially altering the energy landscape of crystal phases. However, high-temperature sintering results in the promotion of a non-stoichiometric perovskite and excess traps at the interface, despite the short-range structure of halide is retained within the alloying layer. By shedding light on functional hetero-interfaces, our research offers the key factors for engineering high-performance perovskite devices. more...
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- 2023
212. NET burden in left atrial blood is associated with biomarkers of thrombosis and cardiac injury in patients with enlarged left atria
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Martinod, Kimberly, Claessen, Annika, Martens, Caroline, Krauel, Krystin, Velásquez Pereira, Leydi Carolina, Witsch, Jens, and Witsch, Thilo
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- 2024
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213. Diet-driven differential response of Akkermansia muciniphila modulates pathogen susceptibility
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Wolter, Mathis, Grant, Erica T, Boudaud, Marie, Pudlo, Nicholas A, Pereira, Gabriel V, Eaton, Kathryn A, Martens, Eric C, and Desai, Mahesh S
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- 2024
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214. Temporal analysis of relative distances (TARDIS) is a robust, parameter-free alternative to single-particle tracking
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Martens, Koen J. A., Turkowyd, Bartosz, Hohlbein, Johannes, and Endesfelder, Ulrike
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- 2024
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215. Implantation of C2 prosthesis with dorsal fusion C0-C4 due to pathologic C2 fracture. Case report and literature review
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Feuerstein, Laurin, Martens, Benjamin, Schwizer, Roman, Forster, Thomas, and Ziga, Michal
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- 2024
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216. Multiple genetic species in a halophilic non-marine ostracod (Crustacea)
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Kilikowska, Adrianna, Schön, Isa, Wysocka, Anna, Pieri, Valentina, Kaczmarczyk-Ziemba, Agnieszka, Prais, Karina, Martens, Koen, and Namiotko, Tadeusz
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- 2024
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217. An empirical project forecasting accuracy framework using project regularity
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Andrade, Paulo André de, Vanhoucke, Mario, and Martens, Annelies
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- 2024
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218. Examining the performance of transit systems in large US metropolitan areas
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Singer, Matan E., Cohen-Zada, Aviv L., and Martens, Karel
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- 2024
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219. Multicenter comparison of Etest, Vitek2 and BD Phoenix to broth microdilution for beta-lactam susceptibility testing of Streptococcus pneumonia
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Martens, Steven, Cuypers, Lize, Bélik, Florian, Briers, Pieter-Jan, Ceyssens, Pieter-Jan, Denis, Olivier, Huang, Te-Din, Magerman, Koen, Strypens, Thomas, Van den Abeele, Anne-Marie, and Desmet, Stefanie more...
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- 2024
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220. RNA-Seq and WGBS Analyses During Fruit Ripening and in Response to ABA in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium) Reveal Genetic and Epigenetic Modulation of Auxin and Cytokinin Genes
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Kuhn, Nathalie, Arellano, Macarena, Ponce, Claudio, Hodar, Christian, Correa, Francisco, Multari, Salvatore, Martens, Stefan, Carrera, Esther, Donoso, José Manuel, and Meisel, Lee A.
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- 2024
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221. Cellular energy regulates mRNA degradation in a codon-specific manner
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Tomaz da Silva, Pedro, Zhang, Yujie, Theodorakis, Evangelos, Martens, Laura D, Yépez, Vicente A, Pelechano, Vicent, and Gagneur, Julien
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- 2024
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222. Brain exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virions perturbs synaptic homeostasis
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Partiot, Emma, Hirschler, Aurélie, Colomb, Sophie, Lutz, Willy, Claeys, Tine, Delalande, François, Deffieu, Maika S., Bare, Yonis, Roels, Judith R. E., Gorda, Barbara, Bons, Joanna, Callon, Domitille, Andreoletti, Laurent, Labrousse, Marc, Jacobs, Frank M. J., Rigau, Valérie, Charlot, Benoit, Martens, Lennart, Carapito, Christine, Ganesh, Gowrishankar, and Gaudin, Raphael more...
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- 2024
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223. Unexpected gaps in knowledge of familial hypercholesterolaemia among Dutch general practitioners
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Ibrahim, Shirin, de Goeij, Jim N., Nurmohamed, Nick S., Pang, Jing, van den Bosch, Sibbeliene E., Martens, Fabrice M. A. C., Roeters van Lennep, Jeanine E., Corpeleijn, Willemijn, Tumkaya, Talip, Hovingh, G. Kees, Watts, Gerald F., Stroes, Erik S. G., and Reeskamp, Laurens F. more...
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- 2024
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224. Trastuzumab and first-line taxane chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer patients with a HER2-negative tumor and HER2-positive circulating tumor cells: a phase II trial
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Verschoor, Noortje, Bos, Manouk K., de Kruijff, Ingeborg E., Van, Mai N., Kraan, Jaco, Drooger, Jan C., Zuetenhorst, Johanna M., Wilting, Saskia M., Sleijfer, Stefan, Jager, Agnes, and Martens, John W. M. more...
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- 2024
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225. Effects of a stepwise, structured LDL-C lowering strategy in patients post-acute coronary syndrome
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Omar Khader, Aaram, van Trier, Tinka, van der Brug, Sander, Liem, An-ho, Groenemeijer, Bjorn E., Schut, Astrid, Jorstad, Harald T., Martens, Fabrice M.A.C., and Alings, Marco A.M.W.
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- 2024
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226. Datafication and algorithmization of education: How do parents and students evaluate the appropriateness of learning analytics?
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Martens, Marijn, De Wolf, Ralf, and De Marez, Lieven
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- 2024
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227. PreCoF: counterfactual explanations for fairness
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Goethals, Sofie, Martens, David, and Calders, Toon
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- 2024
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228. The effects of trait and state anxiety on gait in healthy young adults
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Norouzian, Pershia, Horslen, Brian C., and Martens, Kaylena A. Ehgoetz
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- 2024
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229. Biodentine™ as a temporary filling in deep carious lesions in permanent teeth: a prospective observational 33-month follow-up study
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Martens, L. C., Cauwels, R. G. E. C., Van Acker, J. W. G., Joshi, K. R., Hanet, P. N., and Rajasekharan, S.
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- 2024
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230. Cosmogenic background simulations for the DARWIN observatory at different underground locations
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Adrover, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Barberio, E., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bell, N., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Breskin, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chauvin, A., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Garroum, N., Ghosh, S., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hasegawa, T., Hils, C., Higuera, A., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Jörg, F., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., von Krosigk, B., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Loizeau, J., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Lopes, J. A. M., Marignetti, F., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Mastroianni, S., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Müller, J., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Ostrovskiy, I., Paetsch, B., Pandurovic, M., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Piotter, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., Silva, M. Rajado, García, D. Ramírez, Razeto, A., Sakamoto, S., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scaffidi, A., Schulte, P., Schultz-Coulon, H. -C., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Singh, R., Solmaz, M., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Tan, P. L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tönnies, F., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C., Urquijo, P., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, W., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., and Zuber, K. more...
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
Xenon dual-phase time projections chambers (TPCs) have proven to be a successful technology in studying physical phenomena that require low-background conditions. With 40t of liquid xenon (LXe) in the TPC baseline design, DARWIN will have a high sensitivity for the detection of particle dark matter, neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$), and axion-like particles (ALPs). Although cosmic muons are a source of background that cannot be entirely eliminated, they may be greatly diminished by placing the detector deep underground. In this study, we used Monte Carlo simulations to model the cosmogenic background expected for the DARWIN observatory at four underground laboratories: Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) and SNOLAB. We determine the production rates of unstable xenon isotopes and tritium due to muon-included neutron fluxes and muon-induced spallation. These are expected to represent the dominant contributions to cosmogenic backgrounds and thus the most relevant for site selection. more...
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- 2023
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231. Manipulation Risks in Explainable AI: The Implications of the Disagreement Problem
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Goethals, Sofie, Martens, David, and Evgeniou, Theodoros
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly used in high-stakes domains of our life, increasing the need to explain these decisions and to make sure that they are aligned with how we want the decision to be made. The field of Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged in response. However, it faces a significant challenge known as the disagreement problem, where multiple explanations are possible for the same AI decision or prediction. While the existence of the disagreement problem is acknowledged, the potential implications associated with this problem have not yet been widely studied. First, we provide an overview of the different strategies explanation providers could deploy to adapt the returned explanation to their benefit. We make a distinction between strategies that attack the machine learning model or underlying data to influence the explanations, and strategies that leverage the explanation phase directly. Next, we analyse several objectives and concrete scenarios the providers could have to engage in this behavior, and the potential dangerous consequences this manipulative behavior could have on society. We emphasize that it is crucial to investigate this issue now, before these methods are widely implemented, and propose some mitigation strategies. more...
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- 2023
232. Search for events in XENON1T associated with Gravitational Waves
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XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antoń, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Carlos, D. G. Layos, Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M, Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C, Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T. more...
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High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
We perform a blind search for particle signals in the XENON1T dark matter detector that occur close in time to gravitational wave signals in the LIGO and Virgo observatories. No particle signal is observed in the nuclear recoil, electronic recoil, CE$\nu$NS, and S2-only channels within $\pm$ 500 seconds of observations of the gravitational wave signals GW170104, GW170729, GW170817, GW170818, and GW170823. We use this null result to constrain mono-energetic neutrinos and Beyond Standard Model particles emitted in the closest coalescence GW170817, a binary neutron star merger. We set new upper limits on the fluence (time-integrated flux) of coincident neutrinos down to 17 keV at 90% confidence level. Furthermore, we constrain the product of coincident fluence and cross section of Beyond Standard Model particles to be less than $10^{-29}$ cm$^2$/cm$^2$ in the [5.5-210] keV energy range at 90% confidence level. more...
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- 2023
233. Analysis of SEP events and their possible precursors based on the GSEP Catalog
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Rotti, Sumanth A. and Martens, Petrus C.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Physics - Space Physics - Abstract
Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are one of the most crucial aspects of space weather. Their prediction depends on various factors including the source solar eruptions such as flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The Geostationary Solar Energetic Particle (GSEP) Events catalog was developed as an extensive data set towards this effort for solar cycles 22, 23 and 24. In the present work, we review and extend the GSEP data set by; (1) adding "weak" SEP events that have proton enhancements from 0.5 to 10 pfu in the E>10 MeV channel, and (2) improving the associated solar source eruptions information. We analyze and discuss spatio-temporal properties such as flare magnitudes, locations, rise times, and speed and width of CMEs. We check for the correlation of these parameters with peak proton fluxes and event fluences. Our study also focuses on understanding feature importance towards the optimal performance of machine learning (ML) models for SEP event forecasting. We implement random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), logistic regression (LR) and support vector machines (SVM) classifiers in a binary classification schema. Based on the evaluation of our best models, we find both the flare and CME parameters are requisites to predict the occurrence of an SEP event. This work is a foundation for our further efforts on SEP event forecasting using robust ML methods. more...
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- 2023
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234. Spherical scalar collapse in a type-II minimally modified gravity
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Jalali, Atabak Fathe, Martens, Paul, and Mukohyama, Shinji
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
We investigate the spherically-symmetric gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field in the framework of a type-II minimally modified gravity theory called VCDM. This theory propagates only two local physical degrees of freedom supplemented by the so-called instantaneous (or shadowy) mode. Imposing asymptotically flat spacetime in the standard Minkowski time slicing, one can integrate out the instantaneous mode. Consequently, the equations of motion reduce to those in general relativity (GR) with the maximal slicing. Unlike GR, however, VCDM lacks 4D diffeomorphism invariance, and thus one cannot change the time slicing that is preferred by the theory. We then numerically evolve the system to see if and how a black hole forms. For small amplitudes of the initial scalar profile, we find that its collapse does not generate any black hole, singularity or breakdown of the time slicing. For sufficiently large amplitudes, however, the collapse does indeed result in the formation of an apparent horizon in a finite time. After that, the solution outside the horizon is described by a static configuration, i.e. the Schwarzschild geometry with a finite and time-independent lapse function. Inside the horizon, on the other hand, the numerical results indicate that the lapse function keeps decreasing towards zero so that the central singularity is never reached. This implies the necessity for a UV completion of the theory to describe physics inside the horizon. Still, we can conclude that VCDM is able to fully describe the entire time evolution of the Universe outside the black hole horizon without knowledge about such a UV completion., Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review D more...
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- 2023
235. Broadband spintronic detection of the absolute field strength of terahertz electromagnetic pulses
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Chekhov, A. L., Behovits, Y., Martens, U., Serrano, B. R., Wolf, M., Seifert, T. S., Muenzenberg, M., and Kampfrath, T.
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Physics - Optics - Abstract
We demonstrate detection of broadband intense terahertz electromagnetic pulses by Zeeman-torque sampling (ZTS). Our approach is based on magneto-optic probing of the Zeeman torque the terahertz magnetic field exerts on the magnetization of a ferromagnet. Using an 8 nm thick iron film as sensor, we detect pulses from a silicon-based spintronic terahertz emitter with bandwidth 0.1-11 THz and peak field >0.1 MV/cm. Static calibration provides access to absolute transient THz field strengths. We show relevant added values of ZTS compared to electro-optic sampling (EOS): an absolute and echo-free transfer function with simple frequency dependence, linearity even at high terahertz field amplitudes, the straightforward calibration of EOS response functions and the modulation of the polarization-sensitive direction by an external AC magnetic field. Consequently, ZTS has interesting applications even beyond the accurate characterization of broadband high-field terahertz pulses for nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy. more...
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- 2023
236. Calculating and Visualizing Counterfactual Feature Importance Values
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Meulemeester, Bjorge, De Oliveira, Raphael Mazzine Barbosa, and Martens, David
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction - Abstract
Despite the success of complex machine learning algorithms, mostly justified by an outstanding performance in prediction tasks, their inherent opaque nature still represents a challenge to their responsible application. Counterfactual explanations surged as one potential solution to explain individual decision results. However, two major drawbacks directly impact their usability: (1) the isonomic view of feature changes, in which it is not possible to observe \textit{how much} each modified feature influences the prediction, and (2) the lack of graphical resources to visualize the counterfactual explanation. We introduce Counterfactual Feature (change) Importance (CFI) values as a solution: a way of assigning an importance value to each feature change in a given counterfactual explanation. To calculate these values, we propose two potential CFI methods. One is simple, fast, and has a greedy nature. The other, coined CounterShapley, provides a way to calculate Shapley values between the factual-counterfactual pair. Using these importance values, we additionally introduce three chart types to visualize the counterfactual explanations: (a) the Greedy chart, which shows a greedy sequential path for prediction score increase up to predicted class change, (b) the CounterShapley chart, depicting its respective score in a simple and one-dimensional chart, and finally (c) the Constellation chart, which shows all possible combinations of feature changes, and their impact on the model's prediction score. For each of our proposed CFI methods and visualization schemes, we show how they can provide more information on counterfactual explanations. Finally, an open-source implementation is offered, compatible with any counterfactual explanation generator algorithm. Code repository at: https://github.com/ADMAntwerp/CounterPlots more...
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- 2023
237. Deciding minimal distinguishing DFAs is NP-complete
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Martens, Jan
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Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory ,F.4.3 - Abstract
In this paper, we present a proof of the NP-completeness of computing the smallest Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) that distinguishes two given regular languages as DFAs. A distinguishing DFA is an automaton that recognizes a language which is a subset of exactly one of the given languages. We establish the NP-hardness of this decision problem by providing a reduction from the Boolean Satisfiability Problem (SAT) to deciding the existence of a distinguishing automaton of a specific size. more...
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- 2023
238. PathFinder: A unified approach for handling paths in graph query languages
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Farías, Benjamín, Martens, Wim, Rojas, Carlos, and Vrgoč, Domagoj
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Computer Science - Databases - Abstract
Path queries are a core feature of modern graph query languages such as Cypher, SQL/PGQ, and GQL. These languages provide a rich set of features for matching paths, such as restricting to certain path modes (shortest, simple, trail) and constraining the edge labels along the path by a regular expression. In this paper we present PathFinder, a unifying approach for dealing with path queries in all these query languages. PathFinder leverages a compact representation of the (potentially exponential number of) paths that can match a given query, extends it with pipelined execution, and supports all commonly used path modes. In the paper we describe the algorithmic backbone of PathFinder, provide a reference implementation, and test it over a large set of real-world queries and datasets. Our results show that PathFinder exhibits very stable behavior, even on large data and complex queries, and its performance is an order of magnitude better than that of many modern graph engines. more...
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- 2023
239. AGATA: Performance of $\gamma$-ray tracking and associated algorithms
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Crespi, F. C. L., Ljungvall, J., Lopez-Martens, A., and Michelagnoli, C.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
AGATA is a modern $\gamma$-ray spectrometer for in-beam nuclear structure studies, based on $\gamma$-ray tracking. Since more than a decade, it has been operated performing experimental physics campaigns in different international laboratories (LNL, GSI, GANIL). This paper reviews the obtained results concerning the performances of $\gamma$-ray tracking in AGATA and associated algorithms. We discuss $\gamma$-ray tracking and algorithms developed for AGATA. Then, we present performance results in terms of efficiency and peak-to-total for AGATA. The importance of the high effective angular resolution of $\gamma$-ray tracking arrays is emphasised, e.g. with respect to Doppler correction. Finally, we briefly touch upon the subject of $\gamma$-ray imaging and its connection to $\gamma$-ray tracking. more...
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- 2023
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240. Bifurcations in adaptive vascular networks: towards model calibration
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Klemm, Konstantin and Martens, Erik Andreas
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Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems ,Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs - Abstract
Transport networks are crucial for the functioning of natural and technological systems. We study a mathematical model of vascular network adaptation, where the network structure dynamically adjusts to changes in blood flow and pressure. The model is based on local feedback mechanisms that occur on different time scales in the mammalian vasculature. The cost exponent $\gamma$ tunes the vessel growth in the adaptation rule, and we test the hypothesis that the cost exponent is $\gamma=1/2$ for vascular systems [Hu and Cai, Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 111(13) (2013)1 ]. We first perform a bifurcation analysis for a simple triangular network motif with fluctuating demand, and then conduct numerical simulations on network topologies extracted from perivascular networks of rodent brains. We compare the model predictions with experimental data and find that $\gamma$ is closer to 1 than to 1/2 for the model to be consistent with the data. Our study thus aims at addressing two questions: (i) Is a specific measured flow network consistent in terms of physical reality? (ii) Is the adaptive dynamic model consistent with measured network data? We conclude that the model can capture some aspects of vascular network formation and adaptation, but also suggest some limitations and directions for future research. Our findings contribute to a general understanding of the dynamics in adaptive transport networks, which is essential for studying mammalian vasculature and developing self-organizing piping systems. more...
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- 2023
241. Integrability of a globally coupled complex Riccati array: quadratic integrate-and-fire neurons, phase oscillators and all in between
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Cestnik, Rok and Martens, Erik A.
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Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems - Abstract
We present an exact dimensionality reduction for dynamics of an arbitrary array of globally coupled complex-valued Riccati equations. It generalizes the Watanabe-Strogatz theory [Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2391 (1993)] for sinusoidally coupled phase oscillators and seamlessly includes quadratic integrate-and-fire neurons as the real-valued special case. This simple formulation reshapes our understanding of a broad class of coupled systems - including a particular class of phase-amplitude oscillators - which newly fall under the category of integrable systems. Precise and rigorous analysis of complex Riccati arrays is now within reach, paving a way to a deeper understanding of emergent behavior of collective dynamics in coupled systems., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; published version more...
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- 2023
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242. Unveiling the Potential of Counterfactuals Explanations in Employability
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de Oliveira, Raphael Mazzine Barbosa, Goethals, Sofie, Brughmans, Dieter, and Martens, David
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
In eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), counterfactual explanations are known to give simple, short, and comprehensible justifications for complex model decisions. However, we are yet to see more applied studies in which they are applied in real-world cases. To fill this gap, this study focuses on showing how counterfactuals are applied to employability-related problems which involve complex machine learning algorithms. For these use cases, we use real data obtained from a public Belgian employment institution (VDAB). The use cases presented go beyond the mere application of counterfactuals as explanations, showing how they can enhance decision support, comply with legal requirements, guide controlled changes, and analyze novel insights. more...
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- 2023
243. Search for astrophysical electron antineutrinos in Super-Kamiokande with 0.01wt% gadolinium-loaded water
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Harada, M., Abe, K., Bronner, C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakano, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Okamoto, K., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Yoshida, S., Megias, G. D., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Lee, S. H., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchene, A., Drapier, O., Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Iovine, N., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Langella, A., Machado, L. N., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Okazaki, R., Akutsu, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Bhuiyan, N., Burton, G. T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Kotsar, Y., Ozaki, H., Suzuki, A. T., Takagi, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Feng, J., Feng, L., Hu, J. R., Hu, Z., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tarrant, A., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Hino, Y., Ishino, H., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Tada, T., Tano, T., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Holin, A., Nova, F., Yang, B. S., Yang, J. Y., Yoo, J., Fannon, J. E. P., Kneale, L., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Wilson, S. T., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Taniuchi, N., Watanabe, E., Yokoyama, M., de Perio, P., Martens, K., Tsui, K. M., Vagins, M. R., Xia, J., Kuze, M., Izumiyama, S., Matsumoto, R., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Yamauchi, K., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Prouse, N. W., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Edwards, R., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., Flaherty, M. O, Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., Suzuki, S., and Wada, K. more...
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
We report the first search result for the flux of astrophysical electron antineutrinos for energies O(10) MeV in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) detector. In June 2020, gadolinium was introduced to the ultra-pure water of the SK detector in order to detect neutrons more efficiently. In this new experimental phase, SK-Gd, we can search for electron antineutrinos via inverse beta decay with efficient background rejection and higher signal efficiency thanks to the high efficiency of the neutron tagging technique. In this paper, we report the result for the initial stage of SK-Gd with a $22.5\times552$ $\rm kton\cdot day$ exposure at 0.01% Gd mass concentration. No significant excess over the expected background in the observed events is found for the neutrino energies below 31.3 MeV. Thus, the flux upper limits are placed at the 90% confidence level. The limits and sensitivities are already comparable with the previous SK result with pure-water ($22.5 \times 2970 \rm kton\cdot day$) owing to the enhanced neutron tagging. more...
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
244. Disagreement amongst counterfactual explanations: How transparency can be deceptive
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Brughmans, Dieter, Melis, Lissa, and Martens, David
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Counterfactual explanations are increasingly used as an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) technique to provide stakeholders of complex machine learning algorithms with explanations for data-driven decisions. The popularity of counterfactual explanations resulted in a boom in the algorithms generating them. However, not every algorithm creates uniform explanations for the same instance. Even though in some contexts multiple possible explanations are beneficial, there are circumstances where diversity amongst counterfactual explanations results in a potential disagreement problem among stakeholders. Ethical issues arise when for example, malicious agents use this diversity to fairwash an unfair machine learning model by hiding sensitive features. As legislators worldwide tend to start including the right to explanations for data-driven, high-stakes decisions in their policies, these ethical issues should be understood and addressed. Our literature review on the disagreement problem in XAI reveals that this problem has never been empirically assessed for counterfactual explanations. Therefore, in this work, we conduct a large-scale empirical analysis, on 40 datasets, using 12 explanation-generating methods, for two black-box models, yielding over 192.0000 explanations. Our study finds alarmingly high disagreement levels between the methods tested. A malicious user is able to both exclude and include desired features when multiple counterfactual explanations are available. This disagreement seems to be driven mainly by the dataset characteristics and the type of counterfactual algorithm. XAI centers on the transparency of algorithmic decision-making, but our analysis advocates for transparency about this self-proclaimed transparency more...
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- 2023
245. Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope
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Johnson, Michael D., Akiyama, Kazunori, Blackburn, Lindy, Bouman, Katherine L., Broderick, Avery E., Cardoso, Vitor, Fender, R. P., Fromm, Christian M., Galison, Peter, Gómez, José L., Haggard, Daryl, Lister, Matthew L., Lobanov, Andrei P., Markoff, Sera, Narayan, Ramesh, Natarajan, Priyamvada, Nichols, Tiffany, Pesce, Dominic W., Younsi, Ziri, Chael, Andrew, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chaves, Ryan, Doboszewski, Juliusz, Dodson, Richard, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Elder, Jamee, Fitzpatrick, Garret, Haworth, Kari, Houston, Janice, Issaoun, Sara, Kovalev, Yuri Y., Levis, Aviad, Lico, Rocco, Marcoci, Alexandru, Martens, Niels C. M., Nagar, Neil M., Oppenheimer, Aaron, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Ricarte, Angelo, Rioja, María J., Roelofs, Freek, Thresher, Ann C., Tiede, Paul, Weintroub, Jonathan, and Wielgus, Maciek more...
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has led to the first images of a supermassive black hole, revealing the central compact objects in the elliptical galaxy M87 and the Milky Way. Proposed upgrades to this array through the next-generation EHT (ngEHT) program would sharply improve the angular resolution, dynamic range, and temporal coverage of the existing EHT observations. These improvements will uniquely enable a wealth of transformative new discoveries related to black hole science, extending from event-horizon-scale studies of strong gravity to studies of explosive transients to the cosmological growth and influence of supermassive black holes. Here, we present the key science goals for the ngEHT and their associated instrument requirements, both of which have been formulated through a multi-year international effort involving hundreds of scientists worldwide., Comment: 32 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in a special issue of Galaxies on the ngEHT (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/galaxies/special_issues/ngEHT_blackholes) more...
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- 2023
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246. Searching for Heavy Dark Matter near the Planck Mass with XENON1T
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Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T. more...
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High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
Multiple viable theoretical models predict heavy dark matter particles with a mass close to the Planck mass, a range relatively unexplored by current experimental measurements. We use 219.4 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment to conduct a blind search for signals from Multiply-Interacting Massive Particles (MIMPs). Their unique track signature allows a targeted analysis with only 0.05 expected background events from muons. Following unblinding, we observe no signal candidate events. This work places strong constraints on spin-independent interactions of dark matter particles with a mass between 1$\times$10$^{12}\,$GeV/c$^2$ and 2$\times$10$^{17}\,$GeV/c$^2$. In addition, we present the first exclusion limits on spin-dependent MIMP-neutron and MIMP-proton cross-sections for dark matter particles with masses close to the Planck scale., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures more...
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- 2023
- Full Text
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247. LISAmax: Improving the Low-Frequency Gravitational-Wave Sensitivity by Two Orders of Magnitude
- Author
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Martens, Waldemar, Khan, Michael, and Bayle, Jean-Baptiste
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
Within its Voyage 2050 planning cycle, the European Space Agency (ESA) is considering long-term large class science mission themes. Gravitational-wave astronomy is among the topics under study. Building on previous work by other authors, this paper studies a gravitational-wave interferometer concept, dubbed "LISAmax", consisting of three spacecraft, each located close to one of the Sun-Earth libration points L3, L4 and L5, forming a triangular constellation with an arm length of 259 million kilometers (to be compared to LISA's 2.5 million kilometer arms). We argue that this is the largest triangular formation that can be reached from Earth without a major leap in mission complexity and cost (hence the name). The sensitivity curve of such a detector is at least two orders of magnitude lower in amplitude than that of LISA, at frequencies below 1 mHz. This makes the observatory sensitive to gravitational waves in the {\mu}Hz range and opens a new window for gravitational-wave astronomy, not covered by any other planned detector concept. We analyze in detail the constellation stability for a 10-year mission in the full numerical model including insertion, dispersion, and self-gravity-induced accelerations. We compute the orbit transfers using a European launcher and chemical propulsion. Different orbit options, such as precessing, inclined orbits, the use of flybys for the transfer, and the launch strategy, are discussed. The payload design parameters are assessed, and the expected sensitivity curve is compared with a number of potential gravitational-wave sources. No show stoppers are identified at this point of the analysis., Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables more...
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- 2023
248. Detector signal characterization with a Bayesian network in XENONnT
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XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T. more...
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High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
We developed a detector signal characterization model based on a Bayesian network trained on the waveform attributes generated by a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber. By performing inference on the model, we produced a quantitative metric of signal characterization and demonstrate that this metric can be used to determine whether a detector signal is sourced from a scintillation or an ionization process. We describe the method and its performance on electronic-recoil (ER) data taken during the first science run of the XENONnT dark matter experiment. We demonstrate the first use of a Bayesian network in a waveform-based analysis of detector signals. This method resulted in a 3% increase in ER event-selection efficiency with a simultaneously effective rejection of events outside of the region of interest. The findings of this analysis are consistent with the previous analysis from XENONnT, namely a background-only fit of the ER data., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures more...
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- 2023
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249. The Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration: History, Philosophy, and Culture
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Galison, Peter, Doboszewski, Juliusz, Elder, Jamee, Martens, Niels C. M., Ashtekar, Abhay, Enander, Jonas, Gueguen, Marie, Kessler, Elizabeth A., Lalli, Roberto, Lesourd, Martin, Marcoci, Alexandru, Ramírez, Sebastián Murgueitio, Natarajan, Priyamvada, Nguyen, James, Reyes-Galindo, Luis, Ritson, Sophie, Schneider, Mike D., Skulberg, Emilie, Sorgner, Helene, Stanley, Matthew, Thresher, Ann C., Van Dongen, Jeroen, Weatherall, James Owen, Wu, Jingyi, and Wüthrich, Adrian more...
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Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
This white paper outlines the plans of the History Philosophy Culture Working Group of the Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration., Comment: 23 pages, 1 figure
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
250. Inception of Emergence
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Bava, Saliha, Engelbrecht, Annina, Fels, Lynn, Gramani, Daniella, Grindlay, Marlies, Johnsey, Sharon, Kalra, Ajay, Lin, Ming-Yu, Martens, Maggie Milne, and Lau, Amy Wiebe
- Abstract
How do we notice what is arriving? As authors, we collaboratively play with the continuation and momentum of emergence presented as a polyvocal text. As part of our research, we video-taped a collaborative mark-making activity led by two graduate students in a PhD cohort. What emerges from our interaction of situated dialogic inquiry is a heteroglossic performative text on emergence. The first 40 seconds of the video is woven into a paper that in itself becomes an ontological practice in emergence. The paper, in message and mode, delves into a series of moments and becomes a series of moments that ask the question: What is the play of interrelatedness in a collective inquiry of emergence? more...
- Published
- 2022
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