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This article discusses the psychoeducational assessment of limited English proficient Hispanic youngsters in the American school. Emphasis is placed on the use of nonverbal measures of intelligence and the importance of language and academic evaluations in both English and Spanish in order to obtain comparative data. (Author/LMO)

Details the crucial analytic distinctions to be drawn when assessing the kind of data one must deal with in ethnographic studies. Includes the necessity of separating first- and second-order concepts, a separation based primarily on whether the point of view reported is that of the informant or the researcher. (Author/IRT)

Introduces this special volume whose purpose it is to encourage the further development of qualitative study as a way of increasing the diversity of the field, thus increasing the sources of insight and discovery. (Author/IRT)

The model presented forces us to view evaluation from two interdependent perspectives: conceptual and operational. Conceptual processes consist of planning, implementation, measurement, and decision making; operational processes consist of specifying, measuring and comparing objectives against a standard. (Available from: Grantsmanship Center, 1031 S. Grand Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90015, sc $2.45) (CP)

The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a treatment strategy for T1N0 glottic squamous cell carcinoma. One hundred and seventeen patients were prospectively treated according to institutional guidelines. using 1) laser microsurgery (L) for exophytic tumor, limited to one vocal cord, without extension to the anterior commissure or the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage, 2) radiotherapy (RT) for large or infiltrative tumor reaching the anterior commissure or the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage, poor endoscopic exposure and cT1b or 3) partial laryngectomy (PL) for tumor infiltrating the anterior commissure. Ninety-five patients were treated with RT and 22 with surgery alone (S) [L:19; PL:3]. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were 81.5% and 97.1% (median follow-up: 73 months), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in OS or DSS between patients treated with RT or S (logrank test: p = 0.974 and 0.978). The 5-year ultimate local control rate reached 98.3%. The local control rate with larynx preservation was 94.9% with no difference between RT (94.7%) and S (95.5%) (χ2: p = 0.891). Continued smoking after RT was significantly associated with a lower 5-year OS (77.9% versus 87%), [HR 3.458; p = 0.043 (95%CI 1.010–11.837)]. For patients with T1 glottic carcinoma, and based on our previous studies, these data prospectively confirm the oncologic validity of an institutional treatment strategy. Continued smoking after RT correlated with poor OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conditions of small bowel obstruction and ileus are ones with a great deal of overlap with respect to presentation and differential diagnosis but vary substantially with respect to management. These disorders are frequently encountered by members of the healthcare team across almost every specialty in one way or another. Understanding safe and expeditious methods to identify and distinguish these conditions is important for all providers to understand. This article aims to compare both disorders, briefly discuss the pathophysiology and presentation, give a differential diagnosis for these disorders, and pursue a course of diagnosis and therapy in an appropriate, safe, and cost-effective manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the research questions addressed by the study set up by the International Commission on Mathematics Instruction that focuses on the role of the history of mathematics in improving the teaching and learning of mathematics. (JRH)

Background In oncology, hypnosis has been used for pain relief in metastatic patients but rarely for induction of anesthesia. Material and method Between January 2010 and October 2015, 300 patients from our Breast Clinic (Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain) were included in an observational, non-randomized study approved by our local ethics committee ( ClinicalTrials.gov – NCT03003611). The hypothesis of our study was that hypnosis intervention could decrease side effects of breast surgery. 150 consecutive patients underwent breast surgery while on general anesthesia (group I), and 150 consecutive patients underwent the same surgical procedures while on hypnosis sedation (group II). After surgery, in each group, 32 patients received chemotherapy, radiotherapy was administered to 123 patients, and 115 patients received endocrine therapy. Results Duration of hospitalization was statistically significantly reduced in group II versus group I: 3 versus 4.1 days (p = 0.0000057) for all surgical procedures. The number of post-mastectomy lymph punctures was reduced in group II (1–3, median value n = 1.5) versus group I (2–5, median value n = 3.1) (p = 0.01), as was the quantity of lymph removed (103 ml versus 462.7 ml) (p = 0.0297) in the group of mastectomies. Anxiety scale was also statistically reduced in the postoperative period among the group of patients undergoing surgery while on hypnosis sedation (p = 0.0000000000000002). The incidence of asthenia during chemotherapy was statistically decreased (p = 0.01) in group II. In this group, there was a statistically non-significant trend towards a decrease in the incidence of nausea/vomiting (p = 0.1), and the frequency of radiodermitis (p = 0.002) and post-radiotherapy asthenia (p = 0.000000881) was also reduced. Finally, the incidence of hot flashes (p = 0.0000000000021), joint and muscle pain (p = 0.0000000000021) and asthenia while on endocrine therapy (p = 0.000000022) were statistically significantly decreased in group II. Discussion Hypnosis sedation exerts beneficial effects on nearly all modalities of breast cancer treatment. Conclusion Benefits of hypnosis sedation on breast cancer treatment are very encouraging and further promote the concept of integrative oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kinesiologia Slovenica is the property of Faculty of Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although bright light therapy seems a promising treatment for sleep problems, research shows inconclusive results. This meta-analysis is the first to systematically review the effect of light therapy on sleep problems in general and on specific types of sleep problems in particular (circadian rhythm sleep disorders, insomnia, sleep problems related to Alzheimer's disease and dementia). Fifty-three studies with a total of 1154 participants were included. Overall effects and effects on separate circadian and sleep outcomes were examined. We calculated Hedges' g effect sizes and we investigated the effects of twelve moderators (design-related, treatment-related, participant-related). Light therapy was found effective in the treatment of sleep problems in general (g = 0.39), and for circadian rhythm sleep disorders (g = 0.41), insomnia (g = 0.47), and sleep problems related to Alzheimer's disease/dementia (g = 0.30) specifically. For circadian rhythm sleep disorders, effects were smaller for randomised controlled trials. For insomnia, we found larger effects for studies using a higher light intensity, and for sleep problems related to Alzheimer's disease/dementia larger effects were found for studies with more female participants. There was indication of publication bias. To conclude, light therapy is effective for sleep problems in general, particularly for circadian outcomes and insomnia symptoms. However, most effect sizes are small to medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose and demonstrate the shifted Wald (SW) distribution as both a useful measurement tool and intraindividual process model for psychological response time (RT) data. Furthermore, we develop a methodology and fitting approach that readers can easily access. As a measurement tool, the SW provides a detailed quantification of the RT data that is more sophisticated than mean and SD comparisons. As an intraindividual process model, the SW provides a cognitive model for the response process in terms of signal accumulation and the threshold needed to respond. The details and importance of both of these features are developed, and we show how the approach can be easily generalized to a variety of experimental domains. The versatility and usefulness of the approach is demonstrated on 3 published data sets, each with a different canonical mode of responding: manual, vocal, and oculomotor modes. In addition, model-fitting code is included with the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]