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Objective: ADHD has been linked to various constructs, yet there is a lack of focus on how its symptom clusters differentially associate with personality, which this study addresses. Method: The current study examines the relationship between impulsive and inattentive ADHD traits and personality, indexed by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III), in a sample of undergraduates. Results: Impulsivity was associated with NEO-PI-R and MCMI-III traits characterized by emotional distress, interpersonal problems, and disruptive behavior, whereas inattention was associated only with focus-oriented constructs. Conclusion: ADHD-related inattention is a relatively modest predictor of personality traits, as compared with hyperactivit-impulsivity. These findings have implications regarding the distinctiveness and etiology of "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (4th ed., text rev.; "DSM-IV-TR") ADHD types. (Contains 3 tables.)

The current study tested whether an abbreviated version of "Defiant Children" (Barkley, 1987), an efficacious parent training program to address the behavioral noncompliance often associated with disruptive behavior disorders, could be implemented successfully within a community mental health clinic setting by master's-level therapists. Ethnically and socioeconomically diverse parents of 16 children (ages 4 to 12 years old) completed a 6-session active treatment group emphasizing the use of differential attending skills, effective time-out strategies, and a structured reinforcement schedule to increase child compliance. Pre- and posttreatment measures of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) symptom level were administered, as well as a measure tapping the contextual breadth (i.e., number of settings) and severity of disruptive behaviors. Parent satisfaction with the treatment was also assessed. Analyses indicated large treatment effects on all measures except CD behavior. Results are discussed in the context of implementing empirically supported therapies in settings where "treatment as usual" is the norm. (Contains 3 tables.)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been characterized as a comorbidity to pathological gambling (PG). However, contradictory evidence has emerged, and it has not been established whether nonimpulsive features of ADHD (e.g., inattention, hyperactivity) contribute to PG risk, or how robust this relationship is in college samples. Using data from 224 college students, multiple regression analyses examined the association between ADHD traits and gambling. A marginal link between impulsivity and gambling emerged, but only in males; hyperactivity and inattention were unrelated to gambling. Therefore, caution should be used in attributing risk for PG to college students with ADHD traits, particularly inattention and hyperactivity. (Contains 1 figure, 1 table, and 3 notes.)

This article describes an activity for an undergraduate abnormal psychology course that used student-generated data to illustrate normal versus clinically significant anxiety responses related to specific phobias. Students (N = 37) viewed 14 images of low- or high-anxiety valence and rated their subjective response to each. Discussion in a subsequent class focused on differentiating normal from pathological fear and the theory of predisposed, evolution-linked phobias. Students indicated the exercise was interesting and contributed to their understanding of specific and social phobias. (Contains 1 figure, 1 table and 3 notes.)

Objective: This study investigates social stigma associated with a diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood and whether Big Five personality traits predict appraisals of affected individuals. Method: A sample of 257 undergraduates rate the desirability of targets with ADHD, minor medical problems, and with no appreciable weakness, across several social engagement contexts. Results: Participants exhibit significantly less desire to engage with those with ADHD (as compared to both controls). Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness are found to predict appraisals of targets with and without ADHD, moderated by sex of the target and the beholder. Conclusion: It is suggested that fairly subtle, negative bias toward ADHD contributes to rejection of individuals with the disorder, particularly in academic and work settings. Findings also suggest peers' personalities do have some effect on appraisals of targets with ADHD.

Objective: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been consistently linked to social maladjustment. This study investigated whether elevated rejection sensitivity (RS) could contribute to the relational problems that adults with ADHD encounter. Method: Undergraduate men in ADHD-Combined Type (ADHD-C; n = 31), ADHD-Primarily Inattentive Type (ADHD-IA; n = 22), and nondiagnosed control (NC; n = 25) groups completed questionnaires concerning RS, relational history, current relationships, and self-esteem. Results: The hypothesis that those with ADHD would have elevated RS (versus NC peers) was not supported. However, low RS predicted divergent outcomes across groups. Furthermore, ADHD-IA men reported more negative relational outcomes than their ADHD-C peers, although both groups reported lower general self-esteem than controls. Conclusion: Perhaps the positive illusory bias associated with childhood ADHD could buffer RS development. Findings provide evidence of ADHD-related impairment in adult relationships, further differentiate the principal ADHD subtypes, and extend the RS literature to this clinical population. (Contains 5 tables, 3 figures, and 5 notes.)

For college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is associated with increased accidental injury, mindfulness regarding safety issues in vocational choice may be indicated. In this study, a group of male college students with ADHD-predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-IA) reported placing less emphasis on job safety than did their peers when considering their professional direction. College counselors might help prevent work-related injury for similar clients by broaching the topic of safety when discussing vocational choice. (Contains 1 table.)

Background: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a language‐predominant dementia syndrome (Mesulam et al.., 201) that impacts speakers of all languages. Despite there are more than 7,000 living languages, the diagnostic model is mainly tailored for English‐language speakers. Cross‐linguistic comparisons are called for, especially considering the heterogeneities of linguistic features in the different languages (Blasi et al., 2022). We intend to study the speech and language markers of English‐, Mandarin‐, Cantonese‐ and Italian‐speaking individuals with PPA when completing verbal picture description test. The goal is to (1) characterize the speech profiles of semantic(sv), logopenic(lv), nonfluent/agrammatic(nfv) PPA for each specific language, identifying key linguistic markers for the diagnosis; (2) identify similarities/differences in terms of markers across languages. Method: We collected the oral picture description, based on the PicNic Scene from WAB battery (Schewan & Kertesz, 1980), of 30 English‐, 30 Chinese‐ (Mandarin and Cantonese), and 30 Italian‐ speaking PPA patients (equally distributed across the three variants) with 45 matched healthy controls (HC). Collected speech samples underwent CLAN and Whisper software analysis to characterize informativeness, lexico‐semantic, morpho‐syntactic, phonological and prosody features. We standardized PPA data relatively to their respective. Differences between PPA variants and with HC for the different features were only carried out for the Italian group, using non parametric tests. Performances across different language groups will be investigated as well. Result: Analysis on Italian sample revealed that mean length of utterances, number of empty, filled pauses, abandoned words, and words repetition significantly distinguished PPA from HC. svPPA produced more irrelevant words and adverbs than other PPA groups. nfvPPA produced more sentences without verbs compared to HC and PPA. lvPPA produced more abandoned words than other PPA. svPPA and lvPPA produced less nouns and noun‐verbs ratio compared to HC and nfvPPA, meanwhile lvPPA and nfvPPA produced less words, open class words and more determiners‐noun ratio compared to HC. svPPA and nfvPPA showed reduced idea density compared to HC. Conclusion: Those results are consistent with previous literature on PPA oral production. However, future comparisons across languages are extremely important and needed to ensure equitable assessment and minimize disparities globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]