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202. Quantifying the Leakage of Quantum Protocols for Classical Two-Party Cryptography

Author

Salvail, Louis, Schaffner, Christian, and Sotakova, Miroslava

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

We study quantum protocols among two distrustful parties. By adopting a rather strict definition of correctness - guaranteeing that honest players obtain their correct outcomes only - we can show that every strictly correct quantum protocol implementing a non-trivial classical primitive necessarily leaks information to a dishonest player. This extends known impossibility results to all non-trivial primitives. We provide a framework for quantifying this leakage and argue that leakage is a good measure for the privacy provided to the players by a given protocol. Our framework also covers the case where the two players are helped by a trusted third party. We show that despite the help of a trusted third party, the players cannot amplify the cryptographic power of any primitive. All our results hold even against quantum honest-but-curious adversaries who honestly follow the protocol but purify their actions and apply a different measurement at the end of the protocol. As concrete examples, we establish lower bounds on the leakage of standard universal two-party primitives such as oblivious transfer., Comment: 38 pages, completely supersedes arXiv:0902.4036

Published
2015
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204. Bias with respect to socioeconomic status: A closer look at zip code matching in a pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness study

Author

Link-Gelles, Ruth, Westreich, Daniel, Aiello, Allison E, Shang, Nong, Weber, David J, Holtzman, Corinne, Scherzinger, Karen, Reingold, Arthur, Schaffner, William, Harrison, Lee H, Rosen, Jennifer B, Petit, Susan, Farley, Monica, Thomas, Ann, Eason, Jeffrey, Wigen, Christine, Barnes, Meghan, Thomas, Ola, Zansky, Shelley, Beall, Bernard, Whitney, Cynthia G, and Moore, Matthew R

Subjects
Epidemiology, Health Sciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Vaccine Related, Lung, Clinical Research, Prevention, Immunization, Good Health and Well Being, Matched case-control, PCV13, Pneumococcal vaccine, Pneumococcus, Socioeconomic status, Vaccine effectiveness, Public Health and Health Services, Public health, Sociology
Abstract

In 2010, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced in the US for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in children. Individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) is a potential confounder of the estimated effectiveness of PCV13 and is often controlled for in observational studies using zip code as a proxy. We assessed the utility of zip code matching for control of SES in a post-licensure evaluation of the effectiveness of PCV13 (calculated as [1-matched odds ratio]*100). We used a directed acyclic graph to identify subsets of confounders and collected SES variables from birth certificates, geo-coding, a parent interview, and follow-up with medical providers. Cases tended to be more affluent than eligible controls (for example, 48.3% of cases had private insurance vs. 44.6% of eligible controls), but less affluent than enrolled controls (52.9% of whom had private insurance). Control of confounding subsets, however, did not result in a meaningful change in estimated vaccine effectiveness (original estimate: 85.1%, 95% CI 74.8-91.9%; adjusted estimate: 82.5%, 95% CI 65.6-91.1%). In the context of a post-licensure vaccine effectiveness study, zip code appears to be an adequate, though not perfect, proxy for individual SES.

Published
2016

205. Meningococcal Disease in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Review of Cases Reported Through Active Surveillance in the United States, 2000–2008

Author

Harris, Christine M, Wu, Henry M, Li, Jianmin, Hall, H Irene, Lee, Adria, Zell, Elizabeth, Harrison, Lee H, Petit, Susan, Farley, Monica M, Lynfield, Ruth, Miller, Lisa, Nichols, Megin, Reingold, Arthur, Schaffner, William, Thomas, Ann, MacNeil, Jessica R, Clark, Thomas A, and Cohn, Amanda C

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS, Aging, Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, HIV, disease surveillance, meningitis, meningococcal disease, Clinical sciences, Medical microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundAlthough human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an established risk factor for several bacterial infections, the association between HIV infection and meningococcal disease remains unclear.MethodsExpanded chart reviews were completed on persons with meningococcal disease and HIV infection reported from 2000 through 2008 from 9 US sites participating in an active population-based surveillance system for meningococcal disease. The incidence of meningococcal disease among patients meeting Centers for Disease Control and Prevention acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance criteria was estimated using data from the National HIV Surveillance System for the participating sites.ResultsThirty-three cases of meningococcal disease in individuals with HIV infection were reported from participating sites, representing 2.0% of all reported meningococcal disease cases. Most (75.8%) persons with HIV infection were adult males aged 25 to 64 years old. Among all meningococcal disease cases aged 25 to 64 years old, case fatality ratios were similar among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons (13.3% vs 10.6%; P = .6). The cumulative, mean incidence of meningococcal disease among patients aged 25 to 64 years old with HIV infection ever classified as AIDS was 3.5 cases per 100000 person years (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-5.6), compared with 0.3 cases per 100000 person years (95% CI, 0.3-0.3) for persons of the same age group not reported to have AIDS (relative risk = 12.9; 95% CI, 7.9-20.9).ConclusionsIndividuals with HIV infection meeting the AIDS surveillance case definition have a higher incidence of meningococcal disease compared with the general adult population.

Published
2016

206. Penicillin Use in Meningococcal Disease Management: Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Sites, 2009.

Author

Blain, Amy, Mandal, Sema, Wu, Henry, MacNeil, Jessica, Harrison, Lee, Farley, Monica, Lynfield, Ruth, Miller, Lisa, Nichols, Megin, Petit, Sue, REINGOLD, Arthur L., Schaffner, William, Thomas, Ann, Zansky, Shelley, Anderson, Raydel, Harcourt, Brian, Mayer, Leonard, Clark, Thomas, and Cohn, Amanda

Subjects
Neisseria meningitidis, antimicrobial resistance, meningitis, meningococcal disease
Abstract

In 2009, in the Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites, penicillin was not commonly used to treat meningococcal disease. This is likely because of inconsistent availability of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and ease of use of third-generation cephalosporins. Consideration of current practices may inform future meningococcal disease management guidelines.

Published
2016

207. Recoil-α-fission and recoil-α–α-fission events observed in the reaction 48Ca + 243Am

Author

Forsberg, U, Rudolph, D, Andersson, L-L, Di Nitto, A, Düllmann, Ch E, Fahlander, C, Gates, JM, Golubev, P, Gregorich, KE, Gross, CJ, Herzberg, R-D, Heßberger, FP, Khuyagbaatar, J, Kratz, JV, Rykaczewski, K, Sarmiento, LG, Schädel, M, Yakushev, A, Åberg, S, Ackermann, D, Block, M, Brand, H, Carlsson, BG, Cox, D, Derkx, X, Dobaczewski, J, Eberhardt, K, Even, J, Gerl, J, Jäger, E, Kindler, B, Krier, J, Kojouharov, I, Kurz, N, Lommel, B, Mistry, A, Mokry, C, Nazarewicz, W, Nitsche, H, Omtvedt, JP, Papadakis, P, Ragnarsson, I, Runke, J, Schaffner, H, Schausten, B, Shi, Yue, Thörle-Pospiech, P, Torres, T, Traut, T, Trautmann, N, Türler, A, Ward, A, Ward, DE, and Wiehl, N

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Superheavy elements, Element 115, Uup, alpha decay, Spontaneous fission, nucl-ex, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

Products of the fusion-evaporation reaction 48Ca + 243Am were studied with the TASISpec set-up at the gas-filled separator TASCA at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany. Amongst the detected thirty correlated α-decay chains associated with the production of element Z=115, two recoil-α-fission and five recoil-α-α-fission events were observed. The latter five chains are similar to four such events reported from experiments performed at the Dubna gas-filled separator, and three such events reported from an experiment at the Berkeley gas-filled separator. The four chains observed at the Dubna gas-filled separator were assigned to start from the 2n-evaporation channel 289115 due to the fact that these recoil-α-α-fission events were observed only at low excitation energies. Contrary to this interpretation, we suggest that some of these recoil-α-α-fission decay chains, as well as some of the recoil-α-α-fission and recoil-α-fission decay chains reported from Berkeley and in this article, start from the 3n-evaporation channel 288115.

Published
2016

208. Neurocognitive outcomes in neurofibromatosis clinical trials

Author

Walsh, Karin S, Janusz, Jennifer, Wolters, Pamela L, Martin, Staci, Klein-Tasman, Bonita P, Toledo-Tamula, Mary Anne, Thompson, Heather L, Payne, Jonathan M, Hardy, Kristina K, de Blank, Peter, Semerjian, Claire, Gray, Laura Schaffner, Solomon, Sondra E, and Ullrich, Nicole

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Pediatric, Rare Diseases, Neurofibromatosis, Clinical Research, Mental Health, Behavioral and Social Science, Attention, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Neurofibromatosis 1, Neuropsychological Tests, Treatment Outcome, REiNS International Collaboration, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with neurocognitive deficits that can impact everyday functioning of children, adolescents, and adults with this disease. However, there is little agreement regarding measures to use as cognitive endpoints in clinical trials. This article describes the work of the Neurocognitive Committee of the Response Evaluation in Neurofibromatosis and Schwannomatosis (REiNS) International Collaboration. The goal of this committee is to identify standardized and specific cognitive assessment tools for use in NF clinical trials. The committee first identified cognitive domains relevant to NF1 and prioritized attention as the first domain of focus given prior and current trends in NF1 cognitive clinical trials. Performance measures and behavioral rating questionnaires of attention were reviewed by the group using established criteria to assess patient characteristics, psychometric properties, and feasibility. The highest rated tests underwent side-by-side comparison. The Digit Span subtest from the Wechsler scales was given the highest ratings of the performance measures due to its good psychometrics, feasibility, utility across a wide age range, and extensive use in previous research. The Conners scales achieved the highest ratings of the behavioral questionnaires for similar reasons. Future articles will focus on other cognitive domains, with the ultimate goal of achieving agreement for cognitive endpoints that can be used across NF clinical trials.

Published
2016

209. THE HYDROGEN EPOCH OF REIONIZATION ARRAY DISH. I. BEAM PATTERN MEASUREMENTS AND SCIENCE IMPLICATIONS

Author

Neben, Abraham R, Bradley, Richard F, Hewitt, Jacqueline N, DeBoer, David R, Parsons, Aaron R, Aguirre, James E, Ali, Zaki S, Cheng, Carina, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Patra, Nipanjana, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Bowman, Judd, Dickenson, Roger, Dillon, Joshua S, Doolittle, Phillip, Egan, Dennis, Hedrick, Mike, Jacobs, Daniel C, Kohn, Saul A, Klima, Patricia J, Moodley, Kavilan, Saliwanchik, Benjamin R. B, Schaffner, Patrick, Shelton, John, Taylor, H. A, Taylor, Rusty, Tegmark, Max, Wirt, Butch, and Zheng, Haoxuan

Published
2016

210. Utility of Keywords from Chest Radiograph Reports for Pneumonia Surveillance among Hospitalized Patients with Influenza: The CDC Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network, 2008–2009

Author

Bramley, Anna M, Chaves, Sandra S, Dawood, Fatimah S, Doshi, Saumil, Reingold, Arthur, Miller, Lisa, Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly, Farley, Monica M, Ryan, Patricia, Lynfield, Ruth, Baumbach, Joan, Zansky, Shelley, Bennett, Nancy, Thomas, Ann, Schaffner, William, Finelli, Lyn, and Jain, Seema

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Public Health, Health Sciences, Human Society, Policy and Administration, Lung, Prevention, Pneumonia & Influenza, Infectious Diseases, Influenza, Clinical Research, Pneumonia, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Hospitalization, Humans, Influenza, Human, Observer Variation, Population Surveillance, Radiography, Thoracic, Reproducibility of Results, Terminology as Topic, United States, Nursing, Public Health and Health Services, Health services and systems, Public health, Policy and administration
Abstract

ObjectiveTranscripts from admission chest radiographs could aid in identification of pneumonia cases for public health surveillance. We assessed the reliability of radiographic data abstraction and performance of radiographic key terms to identify pneumonia in patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection.MethodsWe used data on patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection from October 2008 through December 2009 from 10 geographically diverse U.S. study sites participating in the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET). Radiographic key terms (i.e., bronchopneumonia, consolidation, infiltrate, airspace density, and pleural effusion) were abstracted from final impressions of chest radiograph reports. We assessed the reliability of radiographic data abstraction by examining the percent agreement and Cohen's k statistic between clinicians and surveillance staff members. Using a composite reference standard for presence or absence of pneumonia based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes and discharge summary data, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and percent agreement for individual and combined radiographic key terms.ResultsFor each radiographic key term, the percent agreement between clinicians and surveillance staff members ranged from 89.4% to 98.6% and Cohen's k ranged from 0.46 (moderate) to 0.84 (almost perfect). The combination of bronchopneumonia or consolidation or infiltrate or airspace density terms had sensitivity of 66.5%, specificity of 89.2%, PPV of 80.4%, and percent agreement of 80.1%. Adding pleural effusion did not result in significant changes in sensitivity, specificity, PPV, or percent agreement.ConclusionRadiographic key terms abstracted by surveillance staff members from final impressions of chest radiograph reports had moderate to almost perfect reliability and could be used to identify pneumonia among patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection. This method can inform pneumonia surveillance and aid in public health response.

Published
2016

211. Anomalous hydrodynamics kicks neutron stars

Author

Kaminski, Matthias, Uhlemann, Christoph F., Bleicher, Marcus, and Schaffner-Bielich, Jürgen

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

Observations show that, at the beginning of their existence, neutron stars are accelerated briskly to velocities of up to $1000$ km/s. We discuss possible mechanisms contributing to these kicks in a systematic effective-field-theory framework. Anomalies of the underlying microscopic theory result in chiral transport terms in the hydrodynamic description, and we identify these as explanation for the drastic acceleration. In the presence of vorticity or a magnetic field, the chiral transport effects cause neutrino emission along the respective axes. In typical scenarios, the transport effect due to the magnetic field turns out to be strong enough to explain the kicks. Mixed gauge-gravitational anomalies enter in a distinct way, and we also discuss their implications., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures

Published
2014

212. Permutation Entropy and Statistical Complexity Analysis of Turbulence in Laboratory Plasmas and the Solar Wind

Author

Weck, Peter J., Schaffner, David A., Brown, Michael R., and Wicks, Robert T.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The Bandt-Pompe permutation entropy and the Jensen-Shannon statistical complexity are used to analyze fluctuating time series of three different plasmas: the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in the plasma wind tunnel of the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment (SSX), drift-wave turbulence of ion saturation current fluctuations in the edge of the Large Plasma Device (LAPD) and fully-developed turbulent magnetic fluctuations of the solar wind taken from the WIND spacecraft. The entropy and complexity values are presented as coordinates on the CH plane for comparison among the different plasma environments and other fluctuation models. The solar wind is found to have the highest permutation entropy and lowest statistical complexity of the three data sets analyzed. Both laboratory data sets have larger values of statistical complexity, suggesting these systems have fewer degrees of freedom in their fluctuations, with SSX magnetic fluctuations having slightly less complexity than the LAPD edge fluctuations. The CH plane coordinates are compared to the shape and distribution of a spectral decomposition of the waveforms. These results suggest that fully developed turbulence (solar wind) occupies the lower-right region of the CH plane, and that other plasma systems considered to be turbulent have less permutation entropy and more statistical complexity. This paper presents the first use of this statistical analysis tool on solar wind plasma, as well as on an MHD turbulent experimental plasma., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physical Review X

Published
2014
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213. The Physics of the B Factories

Author

Bevan, A. J., Golob, B., Mannel, Th., Prell, S., Yabsley, B. D., Abe, K., Aihara, H., Anulli, F., Arnaud, N., Aushev, T., Beneke, M., Beringer, J., Bianchi, F., Bigi, I. I., Bona, M., Brambilla, N., rodzicka, J. B, Chang, P., Charles, M. J., Cheng, C. H., Cheng, H. -Y., Chistov, R., Colangelo, P., Coleman, J. P., Drutskoy, A., Druzhinin, V. P., Eidelman, S., Eigen, G., Eisner, A. M., Faccini, R., Flood, K. T ., Gambino, P., Gaz, A., Gradl, W., Hayashii, H., Higuchi, T., Hulsbergen, W. D., Hurth, T., Iijima, T., Itoh, R., Jackson, P. D., Kass, R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kou, E., Križan, P., Kronfeld, A., Kumano, S., Kwon, Y. J., Latham, T. E., Leith, D. W. G. S., Lüth, V., Martinez-Vidal, F., Meadows, B. T., Mussa, R., Nakao, M., Nishida, S., Ocariz, J., Olsen, S. L., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Palano, A., Pich, A., Playfer, S., Poluektov, A., Porter, F. C., Robertson, S. H., Roney, J. M., Roodman, A., Sakai, Y., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seidl, R., Sekula, S. J., Steinhauser, M., Sumisawa, K., Swanson, E. S., Tackmann, F., Trabelsi, K., Uehara, S., Uno, S., van der Water, R., Vasseur, G., Verkerke, W., Waldi, R., Wang, M. Z., Wilson, F. F., Zupan, J., Zupanc, A., Adachi, I., Albert, J., Banerjee, Sw., Bellis, M., Ben-Haim, E., Biassoni, P., Cahn, R. N., Cartaro, C., Chauveau, J., Chen, C., Chiang, C. C., Cowan, R., Dalseno, J., Davier, M., Davies, C., Dingfelder, J. C., nard, B. Eche, Epifanov, D., Fulsom, B. G., Gabareen, A. M., Gary, J. W., Godang, R., Graham, M. T., Hafner, A., Hamilton, B., Hartmann, T., Hayasaka, K., Hearty, C., Iwasaki, Y., Khodjamirian, A., Kusaka, A., Kuzmin, A., Lafferty, G. D., Lazzaro, A., Li, J., Lindemann, D., Long, O., Lusiani, A., Marchiori, G., Martinelli, M., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Muller, D. R., Nakazawa, H., Ongmongkolkul, P., Pacetti, S., Palombo, F., Pedlar, T. K., Piilonen, L. E., Pilloni, A., Poireau, V., Prothmann, K., Pulliam, T., Rama, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Roudeau, P., Schrenk, S., Schroeder, T., Schubert, K. R., Shen, C. P., Shwartz, B., Soffer, A., Solodov, E. P., Somov, A., Starič, M., Stracka, S., Telnov, A. V., Todyshev, K. Yu., Tsuboyama, T., Uglov, T., Vinokurova, A., Walsh, J. J., Watanabe, Y., Won, E., Wormser, G., Wright, D. H., Ye, S., Zhang, C. C., Abachi, S., Abashian, A., Abe, N., Abe, R., Abe, T., Abrams, G. S., Adam, I., Adamczyk, K., Adametz, A., Adye, T., Agarwal, A., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, S., Ahn, B. S., Ahn, H. S., Aitchison, I. J. R., Akai, K., Akar, S., Akatsu, M., Akemoto, M., Akhmetshin, R., Akre, R., Alam, M. S., Albert, J. N., Aleksan, R., Alexander, J. P., Alimonti, G., Allen, M. T., Allison, J., Allmendinger, T., Alsmiller, J. R. G., Altenburg, D., Alwyn, K. E., An, Q., Anderson, J., Andreassen, R., Andreotti, D., Andreotti, M., Andress, J. C., Angelini, C., Anipko, D., Anjomshoaa, A., Anthony, P. L., Antillon, E. A., Antonioli, E., Aoki, K., Arguin, J. F., Arinstein, K., Arisaka, K., Asai, K., Asai, M., Asano, Y., Asgeirsson, D. J., Asner, D. M., Aso, T., Aspinwall, M. L., Aston, D., Atmacan, H., Aubert, B., Aulchenko, V., Ayad, R., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., Azzolini, V., Azzopardi, D. E., Baak, M. A., Back, J. J., Bagnasco, S., Bahinipati, S., Bailey, D. S., Bailey, S., Bailly, P., van Bakel, N., Bakich, A. M., Bala, A., Balagura, V., Baldini-Ferroli, R., Ban, Y., Banas, E., Band, H. R., Banerjee, S., Baracchini, E., Barate, R., Barberio, E., Barbero, M., Bard, D. J., Barillari, T., Barlow, N. R., Barlow, R. J., Barrett, M., Bartel, W., Bartelt, J., Bartoldus, R., Batignani, G., Battaglia, M., Bauer, J. M., Bay, A., Beaulieu, M., Bechtle, P., Beck, T. W., Becker, J., Becla, J., Bedny, I., Behari, S., Behera, P. K., Behn, E., Behr, L., Beigbeder, C., Beiline, D., Bell, R., Bellini, F., Bellodi, G., Belous, K., Benayoun, M., Benelli, G., Benitez, J. F., Benkebil, M., Berger, N., Bernabeu, J., Bernard, D., Bernet, R., Bernlochner, F. U., Berryhill, J. W., Bertsche, K., Besson, P., Best, D. S., Bettarini, S., Bettoni, D., Bhardwaj, V., Bhimji, W., Bhuyan, B., Biagini, M. E., Biasini, M., van Bibber, K., Biesiada, J., Bingham, I., Bionta, R. M., Bischofberger, M., Bitenc, U., Bizjak, I., Blanc, F., Blaylock, G., Blinov, V. E., Bloom, E., Bloom, P. C., Blount, N. L., Blouw, J., Bly, M., Blyth, S., Boeheim, C. T., Bomben, M., Bondar, A., Bondioli, M., Bonneaud, G. R., Bonvicini, G., Booke, M., Booth, J., Borean, C., Borgland, A. W., Borsato, E., Bosi, F., Bosisio, L., Botov, A. A., Bougher, J., Bouldin, K., Bourgeois, P., Boutigny, D., Bowerman, D. A., Boyarski, A. M., Boyce, R. F., Boyd, J. T., Bozek, A., Bozzi, C., Bračko, M., Brandenburg, G., Brandt, T., Brau, B., Brau, J., Breon, A. B., Breton, D., Brew, C., Briand, H., Bright-Thomas, P. G., Brigljević, V., Britton, D. I., Brochard, F., Broomer, B., Brose, J., Browder, T. E., Brown, C. L., Brown, C. M., Brown, D. N., Browne, M., Bruinsma, M., Brunet, S., Bucci, F., Buchanan, C., Buchmueller, O. L., Bünger, C., Bugg, W., Bukin, A. D., Bula, R., Bulten, H., Burchat, P. R., Burgess, W., Burke, J. P., Button-Shafer, J., Buzykaev, A. R., Buzzo, A., Cai, Y., Calabrese, R., Calcaterra, A., Calderini, G., Camanzi, B., Campagna, E., Campagnari, C., Capra, R., Carassiti, V., Carpinelli, M., Carroll, M., Casarosa, G., Casey, B. C. K., Cason, N. M., Castelli, G., Cavallo, N., Cavoto, G., Cecchi, A., Cenci, R., Cerizza, G., Cervelli, A., Ceseracciu, A., Chai, X., Chaisanguanthum, K. S., Chang, M. C., Chang, Y. H., Chang, Y. W., Chao, D. S., Chao, M., Chao, Y., Charles, E., Chavez, C. A., Cheaib, R., Chekelian, V., Chen, A., Chen, E., Chen, G. P., Chen, H. F., Chen, J. -H., Chen, J. C., Chen, K. F., Chen, P., Chen, S., Chen, W. T., Chen, X., Chen, X. R., Chen, Y. Q., Cheng, B., Cheon, B. G., Chevalier, N., Chia, Y. M., Chidzik, S., Chilikin, K., Chistiakova, M. V., Cizeron, R., Cho, I. S., Cho, K., Chobanova, V., Choi, H. H. F., Choi, K. S., Choi, S. K., Choi, Y., Choi, Y. K., Christ, S., Chu, P. H., Chun, S., Chuvikov, A., Cibinetto, G., Cinabro, D., Clark, A. R., Clark, P. J., Clarke, C. K., Claus, R., Claxton, B., Clifton, Z. C., Cochran, J., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cohn, H., Colberg, T., Cole, S., Colecchia, F., Condurache, C., Contri, R., Convert, P., Convery, M. R., Cooke, P., Copty, N., Cormack, C. M., Corso, F. Dal, Corwin, L. A., Cossutti, F., Cote, D., Ramusino, A. Cotta, Cottingham, W. N., Couderc, F., Coupal, D. P., Covarelli, R., Cowan, G., Craddock, W. W., Crane, G., Crawley, H. B., Cremaldi, L., Crescente, A., Cristinziani, M., Crnkovic, J., Crosetti, G., Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T., Cunha, A., Curry, S., D'Orazio, A., Dû, S., Dahlinger, G., Dahmes, B., Dallapiccola, C., Danielson, N., Danilov, M., Das, A., Dash, M., Dasu, S., Datta, M., Daudo, F., Dauncey, P. D., David, P., Davis, C. L., Day, C. T., De Mori, F., De Domenico, G., De Groot, N., De la Vaissière, C., de la Vaissière, Ch., de Lesquen, A., De Nardo, G., de Sangro, R., De Silva, A., DeBarger, S., Decker, F. J., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Del Buono, L., Del Gamba, V., del Re, D., Della Ricca, G., Denig, A. G., Derkach, D., Derrington, I. M., DeStaebler, H., Destree, J., Devmal, S., Dey, B., Di Girolamo, B., Di Marco, E., Dickopp, M., Dima, M. O., Dittrich, S., Dittongo, S., Dixon, P., Dneprovsky, L., Dohou, F., Doi, Y., Doležal, Z., Doll, D. A., Donald, M., Dong, L., Dong, L. Y., Dorfan, J., Dorigo, A., Dorsten, M. P., Dowd, R., Dowdell, J., Drásal, Z., Dragic, J., Drummond, B. W., Dubitzky, R. S., Dubois-Felsmann, G. P., Dubrovin, M. S., Duh, Y. C., Duh, Y. T., Dujmic, D., Dungel, W., Dunwoodie, W., Dutta, D., Dvoretskii, A., Dyce, N., Ebert, M., Eckhart, E. A., Ecklund, S., Eckmann, R., Eckstein, P., Edgar, C. L., Edwards, A. J., Egede, U., Eichenbaum, A. 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C., Simard, M., Simi, G., Simon, F., Simonetto, F., Sinev, N. B., Singh, H., Singh, J. B., Sinha, R., Sitt, S., Skovpen, Yu. I., Sloane, R. J., Smerkol, P., Smith, A. J. S., Smith, D., Smith, D. S., Smith, J. G., Smol, A., Snoek, H. L., Snyder, A., So, R. Y., Sobie, R. J., Soderstrom, E., Soha, A., Sohn, Y. S., Sokoloff, M. D., Sokolov, A., Solagna, P., Solovieva, E., Soni, N., Sonnek, P., Sordini, V., Spaan, B., Spanier, S. M., Spencer, E., Speziali, V., Spitznagel, M., Spradlin, P., Staengle, H., Stamen, R., Stanek, M., Stanič, S., Stark, J., Steder, M., Steininger, H., Steinke, M., Stelzer, J., Stevanato, E., Stocchi, A., Stock, R., Stoeck, H., Stoker, D. P., Stroili, R., Strom, D., Strother, P., Strube, J., Stugu, B., Stypula, J., Su, D., Suda, R., Sugahara, R., Sugi, A., Sugimura, T., Sugiyama, A., Suitoh, S., Sullivan, M. K., Sumihama, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Summers, D. J., Sun, L., Sun, S., Sundermann, J. E., Sung, H. F., Susaki, Y., Sutcliffe, P., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, J., Suzuki, J. I., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, S. Y., Swain, J. E., Swain, S. K., T'Jampens, S., Tabata, M., Tackmann, K., Tajima, H., Tajima, O., Takahashi, K., Takahashi, S., Takahashi, T., Takasaki, F., Takayama, T., Takita, M., Tamai, K., Tamponi, U., Tamura, N., Tan, N., Tan, P., Tanabe, K., Tanabe, T., Tanaka, H. A., Tanaka, J., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, S., Tanaka, Y., Tanida, K., Taniguchi, N., Taras, P., Tasneem, N., Tatishvili, G., Tatomi, T., Tawada, M., Taylor, F., Taylor, G. N., Taylor, G. P., Telnov, V. I., Teodorescu, L., Ter-Antonyan, R., Teramoto, Y., Teytelman, D., Thérin, G., Thiebaux, Ch., Thiessen, D., Thomas, E. W., Thompson, J. M., Thorne, F., Tian, X. C., Tibbetts, M., Tikhomirov, I., Tinslay, J. S., Tiozzo, G., Tisserand, V., Tocut, V., Toki, W. H., Tomassini, E. W., Tomoto, M., Tomura, T., Torassa, E., Torrence, E., Tosi, S., Touramanis, C., Toussaint, J. C., Tovey, S. N., Trapani, P. P., Treadwell, E., Triggiani, G., Trincaz-Duvoid, S., Trischuk, W., Troost, D., Trunov, A., Tsai, K. L., Tsai, Y. T., Tsujita, Y., Tsukada, K., Tsukamoto, T., Tuggle, J. M., Tumanov, A., Tung, Y. W., Turnbull, L., Turner, J., Turri, M., Uchida, K., Uchida, M., Uchida, Y., Ueki, M., Ueno, K., Ujiie, N., Ulmer, K. A., Unno, Y., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Usov, Y., Usseglio, M., Usuki, Y., Uwer, U., Va'vra, J., Vahsen, S. E., Vaitsas, G., Valassi, A., Vallazza, E., Vallereau, A., Vanhoefer, P., van Hoek, W. C., Van Hulse, C., van Winkle, D., Varner, G., Varnes, E. W., Varvell, K. E., Vasileiadis, G., Velikzhanin, Y. S., Verderi, M., Versillé, S., Vervink, K., Viaud, B., Vidal, P. B., Villa, S., Villanueva-Perez, P., Vinograd, E. L., Vitale, L., Vitug, G. M., Voß, C., Voci, C., Voena, C., Volk, A., von Wimmersperg-Toeller, J. H., Vorobyev, V., Vossen, A., Vuagnin, G., Vuosalo, C. O., Wacker, K., Wagner, A. P., Wagner, D. L., Wagner, G., Wagner, M. N., Wagner, S. R., Wagoner, D. E., Walker, D., Walkowiak, W., Wallom, D., Wang, C. C., Wang, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, J. G., Wang, K., Wang, L., Wang, L. L., Wang, P., Wang, T. J., Wang, W. F., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wappler, F. R., Watanabe, M., Watson, A. T., Watson, J. E., Watson, N. K., Watt, M., Weatherall, J. H., Weaver, M., Weber, T., Wedd, R., Wei, J. T., Weidemann, A. W., Weinstein, A. J. R., Wenzel, W. A., West, C. A., West, C. G., West, T. J., White, E., White, R. M., Wicht, J., Widhalm, L., Wiechczynski, J., Wienands, U., Wilden, L., Wilder, M., Williams, D. C., Williams, G., Williams, J. C., Williams, K. M., Williams, M. I., Willocq, S. Y., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, M. G., Wilson, R. J., Winklmeier, F., Winstrom, L. O., Winter, M. A., Wisniewski, W. J., Wittgen, M., Wittlin, J., Wittmer, W., Wixted, R., Woch, A., Wogsland, B. J., Wong, Q. K., Wray, B. C., Wren, A. C., Wright, D. M., Wu, C. H., Wu, J., Wu, S. L., Wulsin, H. W., Xella, S. M., Xie, Q. L., Xie, Y., Xu, Z. Z., Yèche, Ch., Yamada, Y., Yamaga, M., Yamaguchi, A., Yamaguchi, H., Yamaki, T., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, N., Yamamoto, R. K., Yamamoto, S., Yamanaka, T., Yamaoka, H., Yamaoka, J., Yamaoka, Y., Yamashita, Y., Yamauchi, M., Yan, D. S., Yan, Y., Yanai, H., Yanaka, S., Yang, H., Yang, R., Yang, S., Yarritu, A. K., Yashchenko, S., Yashima, J., Yasin, Z., Yasu, Y., Ye, S. W., Yeh, P., Yi, J. I., Yi, K., Yi, M., Yin, Z. W., Ying, J., Yocky, G., Yokoyama, K., Yokoyama, M., Yokoyama, T., Yoshida, K., Yoshida, M., Yoshimura, Y., Young, C. C., Yu, C. X., Yu, Z., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, Y., Yumiceva, F. X., Yusa, Y., Yushkov, A. N., Yuta, H., Zacek, V., Zain, S. B., Zallo, A., Zambito, S., Zander, D., Zang, S. L., Zanin, D., Zaslavsky, B. G., Zeng, Q. L., Zghiche, A., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, L. M., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, Z. P., Zhao, H. W., Zhao, M., Zhao, Z. G., Zheng, Y., Zheng, Y. H., Zheng, Z. P., Zhilich, V., Zhou, P., Zhu, R. Y., Zhu, Y. S., Zhu, Z. M., Zhulanov, V., Ziegler, T., Ziegler, V., Zioulas, G., Zisman, M., Zito, M., Zürcher, D., Zwahlen, N., Zyukova, O., Živko, T., and Žontar, D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C. Please note that version 3 on the archive is the auxiliary version of the Physics of the B Factories book. This uses the notation alpha, beta, gamma for the angles of the Unitarity Triangle. The nominal version uses the notation phi_1, phi_2 and phi_3. Please cite this work as Eur. Phys. J. C74 (2014) 3026., Comment: 928 pages, version 3 (arXiv:1406.6311v3) corresponds to the alpha, beta, gamma version of the book, the other versions use the phi1, phi2, phi3 notation

Published
2014
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214. Temporal and Spatial Turbulent Spectra of MHD Plasma and an Observation of Variance Anisotropy

Author

Schaffner, D. A., Brown, M. R., and Lukin, V. S.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

The nature of MHD turbulence is analyzed through both temporal and spatial magnetic fluctuation spectra. A magnetically turbulent plasma is produced in the MHD wind-tunnel configuration of the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment (SSX). The power of magnetic fluctuations is projected into directions perpendicular and parallel to a local mean field; the ratio of these quantities shows the presence of variance anisotropy which varies as a function of frequency. Comparison amongst magnetic, velocity, and density spectra are also made, demonstrating that the energy of the turbulence observed is primarily seeded by magnetic fields created during plasma production. Direct spatial spectra are constructed using multi-channel diagnostics and are used to compare to frequency spectra converted to spatial scales using the Taylor Hypothesis. Evidence for the observation of dissipation due to ion inertial length scale physics is also discussed as well as the role laboratory experiment can play in understanding turbulence typically studied in space settings such as the solar wind. Finally, all turbulence results are shown to compare fairly well to a Hall-MHD simulation of the experiment., Comment: 17 pages, 17 figures, Submitted to Astrophysical Journal

Published
2014
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215. Supernova Equation of State with an extended SU(3) Quark-Meson Model

Author

Beisitzer, Thomas, Stiele, Rainer, and Schaffner-Bielich, Juergen

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The quark-meson model is investigated for the two- and three-flavor case extended by contributions of vector mesons under conditions encountered in core-collapse supernova matter. Typical temperature ranges, densities and electron fractions, as found in core-collapse supernova simulations, are studied by implementing charge neutrality and local beta-equilibrium with respect to weak interactions. Within this framework, we analyze the resulting phase diagram and equation of state (EoS) and investigate the impact of undetermined parameters of the model. The EoS turns out to be relatively independent on the entropy per baryon but there are significant changes when going from the two-flavor to the three-flavor case due to the nontrivial contribution from the strange quarks which stay massive even at high densities. While an increasing vector meson coupling constant leads to a substantial stiffening of the EoS, we find that the impact of changing the scalar meson mass is equally strong and results in a softening of the EoS for increasing values., Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures

Published
2014
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216. Multi-party zero-error classical channel coding with entanglement

Author

Piovesan, Teresa, Scarpa, Giannicola, and Schaffner, Christian

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We study the effects of quantum entanglement on the performance of two classical zero-error communication tasks among multiple parties. Both tasks are generalizations of the two-party zero-error channel-coding problem, where a sender and a receiver want to perfectly communicate messages through a one-way classical noisy channel. If the two parties are allowed to share entanglement, there are several positive results that show the existence of channels for which they can communicate strictly more than what they could do with classical resources. In the first task, one sender wants to communicate a common message to multiple receivers. We show that if the number of receivers is greater than a certain threshold then entanglement does not allow for an improvement in the communication for any finite number of uses of the channel. On the other hand, when the number of receivers is fixed, we exhibit a class of channels for which entanglement gives an advantage. The second problem we consider features multiple collaborating senders and one receiver. Classically, cooperation among the senders might allow them to communicate on average more messages than the sum of their individual possibilities. We show that whenever a channel allows single-sender entanglement-assisted advantage, then the gain extends also to the multi-sender case. Furthermore, we show that entanglement allows for a peculiar amplification of information which cannot happen classically, for a fixed number of uses of a channel with multiple senders., Comment: Some proofs have been modified

Published
2014
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217. EMMI Rapid Reaction Task Force Meeting on 'Quark Matter in Compact Star'

Author

Buballa, Michael, Dexheimer, Veronica, Drago, Alessandro, Fraga, Eduardo, Haensel, Pawel, Mishustin, Igor, Pagliara, Giuseppe, Schaffner-Bielich, Jurgen, Schramm, Stefan, Sedrakian, Armen, and Weber, Fridolin

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The recent measurement of two solar mass pulsars has initiated an intense discussion on its impact on our understanding of the high-density matter in the cores of neutron stars. A task force meeting was held from October 7-10, 2013 at the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies to address the presence of quark matter in these massive stars. During this meeting, the recent oservational astrophysical data and heavy-ion data was reviewed. The possibility of pure quark stars, hybrid stars and the nature of the QCD phase transition were discussed and their observational signals delineated., Comment: 31 pages, summary of the EMMI Rapid Reaction Task Force on "Quark Matter in Compact Stars", October 7-10, 2013, FIAS, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany

Published
2014
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218. Constraining neutron star matter with QCD

Author

Kurkela, Aleksi, Fraga, Eduardo S., Schaffner-Bielich, Jurgen, and Vuorinen, Aleksi

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

In recent years, there have been several successful attempts to constrain the equation of state of neutron star matter using input from low-energy nuclear physics and observational data. We demonstrate that significant further restrictions can be placed by additionally requiring the pressure to approach that of deconfined quark matter at high densities. Remarkably, the new constraints turn out to be highly insensitive to the amount --- or even presence --- of quark matter inside the stars., Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables

Published
2014
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219. Evidence-Based Practices in Outpatient Treatment for Eating Disorders

Author

Schaffner, Angela D. and Buchanan, Linda Paulk

Abstract

This study examined the current issues relevant to implementing evidence-based practices in the context of outpatient treatment for eating disorders. The study also examined the effectiveness of an outpatient treatment program for eating disorders among a group of 196 patients presenting with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or eating disorder not otherwise specified. Results indicated that the program was effective in significantly reducing eating disordered symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms. The author discusses implications of the research and potential directions for future research. (Contains 2 tables.)

Published
2010

225. Pneumonia among adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza virus infection—United States, 2005–2008

Author

Garg, Shikha, Jain, Seema, Dawood, Fatimah S, Jhung, Michael, Pérez, Alejandro, D’Mello, Tiffany, Reingold, Arthur, Gershman, Ken, Meek, James, Arnold, Kathryn E, Farley, Monica M, Ryan, Patricia, Lynfield, Ruth, Morin, Craig, Baumbach, Joan, Hancock, Emily B, Zansky, Shelley, Bennett, Nancy, Thomas, Ann, Schaffner, William, and Finelli, Lyn

Subjects
Pneumonia & Influenza, Infectious Diseases, Pneumonia, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Influenza, Clinical Research, Lung, Respiratory, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Influenza A virus, Influenza, Human, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Pneumonia, Viral, Prospective Studies, Radiography, Respiration, Artificial, Risk Factors, Seasons, United States, Young Adult, Microbiology, Clinical Sciences, Medical Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundInfluenza and pneumonia combined are the leading causes of death due to infectious diseases in the United States. We describe factors associated with pneumonia among adults hospitalized with influenza.MethodsThrough the Emerging Infections Program, we identified adults ≥ 18 years, who were hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza during October 2005 through April 2008, and had a chest radiograph (CXR) performed. Pneumonia was defined as the presence of a CXR infiltrate and either an ICD-9-CM code or discharge summary diagnosis of pneumonia.ResultsAmong 4,765 adults hospitalized with influenza, 1392 (29 %) had pneumonia. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with pneumonia included: age ≥ 75 years, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.27 (95 % confidence interval 1.10-1.46), white race AOR 1.24 (1.03-1.49), nursing home residence AOR 1.37 (1.14-1.66), chronic lung disease AOR 1.37 (1.18-1.59), immunosuppression AOR 1.45 (1.19-1.78), and asthma AOR 0.76 (0.62-0.92). Patients with pneumonia were significantly more likely to require intensive care unit (ICU) admission (27 % vs. 10 %), mechanical ventilation (18 % vs. 5 %), and to die (9 % vs. 2 %).ConclusionsPneumonia was present in nearly one-third of adults hospitalized with influenza and was associated with ICU admission and death. Among patients hospitalized with influenza, older patients and those with certain underlying conditions are more likely to have pneumonia. Pneumonia is common among adults hospitalized with influenza and should be evaluated and treated promptly.

Published
2015

226. Does Influenza Vaccination Modify Influenza Severity? Data on Older Adults Hospitalized With Influenza During the 2012−2013 Season in the United States

Author

Arriola, Carmen S, Anderson, Evan J, Baumbach, Joan, Bennett, Nancy, Bohm, Susan, Hill, Mary, Lindegren, Mary Lou, Lung, Krista, Meek, James, Mermel, Elizabeth, Miller, Lisa, Monroe, Maya L, Morin, Craig, Oni, Oluwakemi, Reingold, Arthur, Schaffner, William, Thomas, Ann, Zansky, Shelley M, Finelli, Lyn, and Chaves, Sandra S

Subjects
Emerging Infectious Diseases, Immunization, Lung, Prevention, Pneumonia & Influenza, Patient Safety, Influenza, Aging, Vaccine Related, Infectious Diseases, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.4 Vaccines, Infection, Aged, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human, Intensive Care Units, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Seasons, Severity of Illness Index, United States, Vaccination, adults, influenza, influenza vaccine, severe illness, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundSome studies suggest that influenza vaccination might be protective against severe influenza outcomes in vaccinated persons who become infected. We used data from a large surveillance network to further investigate the effect of influenza vaccination on influenza severity in adults aged ≥50 years who were hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza.MethodsWe analyzed influenza vaccination and influenza severity using Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) data for the 2012-2013 influenza season. Intensive care unit (ICU) admission, death, diagnosis of pneumonia, and hospital and ICU lengths of stay served as measures of disease severity. Data were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression, parametric survival models, and propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsOverall, no differences in severity were observed in the multivariable logistic regression model. Using PSM, adults aged 50-64 years (but not other age groups) who were vaccinated against influenza had a shorter length of ICU stay than those who were unvaccinated (hazard ratio for discharge, 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-3.01).ConclusionsOur findings show a modest effect of influenza vaccination on disease severity. Analysis of data from seasons with different predominant strains and higher estimates of vaccine effectiveness are needed.

Published
2015

227. Training in Infectious Disease Epidemiology through the Emerging Infections Program Sites - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC

Author

Vugia, Duc J, Meek, James I, Danila, Richard N, Jones, Timothy F, Schaffner, William, Baumbach, Joan, Lathrop, Sarah, Farley, Monica M, Tobin-D'Angelo, Melissa, Miller, Lisa, Harrison, Lee H, Bennett, Nancy M, Cieslak, Paul R, Cartter, Matthew L, and Reingold, Arthur L

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Services and Systems, Public Health, Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Education, Humans, Public Health Surveillance, United States, Emerging Infections Program, epidemiology, public health, training, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, Microbiology, Clinical sciences, Epidemiology, Health services and systems
Abstract

One objective of the Emerging Infections Program (EIP) of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is to provide training opportunities in infectious disease epidemiology. To determine the extent of training performed since the program's inception in 1995, we reviewed training efforts at the 10 EIP sites. By 2015, all sites hosted trainees (most were graduate public health students and physicians) who worked on a variety of infectious disease surveillance and epidemiologic projects. Trainee projects at all sites were used for graduate student theses or practicums. Numerous projects resulted in conference presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals. Local public health and health care partners have also benefitted from EIP presentations and training. Consideration should be given to standardizing and documenting EIP training and to sharing useful training initiatives with other state and local health departments and academic institutions.

Published
2015

228. Twenty Years of Active Bacterial Core Surveillance - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC

Author

Langley, Gayle, Schaffner, William, Farley, Monica M, Lynfield, Ruth, Bennett, Nancy M, Reingold, Arthur, Thomas, Ann, Harrison, Lee H, Nichols, Megin, Petit, Susan, Miller, Lisa, Moore, Matthew R, Schrag, Stephanie J, Lessa, Fernanda C, Skoff, Tami H, MacNeil, Jessica R, Briere, Elizabeth C, Weston, Emily J, and Van Beneden, Chris

Subjects
Emerging Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, Antimicrobial Resistance, Prevention, Biodefense, Vaccine Related, Infectious Diseases, Immunization, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Bacterial Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Communicable Disease Control, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Humans, Public Health Surveillance, United States, ABCs, Active Bacterial Core Surveillance, EIP, Emerging Infections Program, bacteria, invasive bacterial infections, surveillance, Clinical Sciences, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, Microbiology
Abstract

Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) was established in 1995 as part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infections Program (EIP) network to assess the extent of invasive bacterial infections of public health importance. ABCs is distinctive among surveillance systems because of its large, population-based, geographically diverse catchment area; active laboratory-based identification of cases to ensure complete case capture; detailed collection of epidemiologic information paired with laboratory isolates; infrastructure that allows for more in-depth investigations; and sustained commitment of public health, academic, and clinical partners to maintain the system. ABCs has directly affected public health policies and practices through the development and evaluation of vaccines and other prevention strategies, the monitoring of antimicrobial drug resistance, and the response to public health emergencies and other emerging infections.

Published
2015

229. The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus.

Author

Kraemer, Moritz UG, Sinka, Marianne E, Duda, Kirsten A, Mylne, Adrian QN, Shearer, Freya M, Barker, Christopher M, Moore, Chester G, Carvalho, Roberta G, Coelho, Giovanini E, Van Bortel, Wim, Hendrickx, Guy, Schaffner, Francis, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, Teng, Hwa-Jen, Brady, Oliver J, Messina, Jane P, Pigott, David M, Scott, Thomas W, Smith, David L, Wint, GR William, Golding, Nick, and Hay, Simon I

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Aedes, Arbovirus Infections, Insect Vectors, Phylogeography, Global Health, Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, ecology, epidemiology, global health, Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Abstract

Dengue and chikungunya are increasing global public health concerns due to their rapid geographical spread and increasing disease burden. Knowledge of the contemporary distribution of their shared vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus remains incomplete and is complicated by an ongoing range expansion fuelled by increased global trade and travel. Mapping the global distribution of these vectors and the geographical determinants of their ranges is essential for public health planning. Here we compile the largest contemporary database for both species and pair it with relevant environmental variables predicting their global distribution. We show Aedes distributions to be the widest ever recorded; now extensive in all continents, including North America and Europe. These maps will help define the spatial limits of current autochthonous transmission of dengue and chikungunya viruses. It is only with this kind of rigorous entomological baseline that we can hope to project future health impacts of these viruses.

Published
2015

230. Effect of use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children on invasive pneumococcal disease in children and adults in the USA: analysis of multisite, population-based surveillance

Author

Moore, Matthew R, Link-Gelles, Ruth, Schaffner, William, Lynfield, Ruth, Lexau, Catherine, Bennett, Nancy M, Petit, Susan, Zansky, Shelley M, Harrison, Lee H, Reingold, Arthur, Miller, Lisa, Scherzinger, Karen, Thomas, Ann, Farley, Monica M, Zell, Elizabeth R, Taylor, Thomas H, Pondo, Tracy, Rodgers, Loren, McGee, Lesley, Beall, Bernard, Jorgensen, James H, and Whitney, Cynthia G

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Immunization, Vaccine Related, Pneumonia, Lung, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Pneumonia & Influenza, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bacteremia, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Meningitis, Bacterial, Middle Aged, Pneumococcal Infections, Pneumococcal Vaccines, Treatment Outcome, United States, Young Adult, Clinical Sciences, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundIn 2000, seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in the USA and resulted in dramatic reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and moderate increases in non-PCV7 type IPD. In 2010, PCV13 replaced PCV7 in the US immunisation schedule. We aimed to assess the effect of use of PCV13 in children on IPD in children and adults in the USA.MethodsWe used laboratory-based and population-based data on incidence of IPD from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance (part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Emerging Infections Program) in a time-series model to compare rates of IPD before and after the introduction of PCV13. Cases of IPD between July 1, 2004, and June 30, 2013, were classified as being caused by the PCV13 serotypes against which PCV7 has no effect (PCV13 minus PCV7). In a time-series model, we used an expected outcomes approach to compare the reported incidence of IPD to that which would have been expected if PCV13 had not replaced PCV7.FindingsCompared with incidence expected among children younger than 5 years if PCV7 alone had been continued, incidence of IPD overall declined by 64% (95% interval estimate [95% IE] 59-68) and IPD caused by PCV13 minus PCV7 serotypes declined by 93% (91-94), by July, 2012, to June, 2013. Among adults, incidence of IPD overall also declined by 12-32% and IPD caused by PCV13 minus PCV7 type IPD declined by 58-72%, depending on age. We estimated that over 30 000 cases of IPD and 3000 deaths were averted in the first 3 years after the introduction of PCV13.InterpretationPCV13 reduced IPD across all age groups when used routinely in children in the USA. These findings provide reassurance that, similar to PCV7, PCVs with additional serotypes can also prevent transmission to unvaccinated populations.FundingCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.

Published
2015

231. Epidemiology of Infant Meningococcal Disease in the United States, 2006-2012

Author

MacNeil, Jessica R, Bennett, Nancy, Farley, Monica M, Harrison, Lee H, Lynfield, Ruth, Nichols, Megin, Petit, Sue, Reingold, Arthur, Schaffner, William, Thomas, Ann, Pondo, Tracy, Mayer, Leonard W, Clark, Thomas A, and Cohn, Amanda C

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Vaccine Related, Pediatric, Infectious Diseases, Immunization, Rare Diseases, Prevention, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Male, Meningitis, Meningococcal, Meningococcal Vaccines, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup Y, Population Surveillance, Survival Rate, United States, Virulence, Neisseria meningitidis, epidemiology, infants, vaccine-preventable diseases, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Pediatrics, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences, Psychology
Abstract

BackgroundThe incidence of meningococcal disease is currently at historic lows in the United States; however, incidence remains highest among infants aged

Published
2015

232. On the Parallel Repetition of Multi-Player Games: The No-Signaling Case

Author

Buhrman, Harry, Fehr, Serge, and Schaffner, Christian

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We consider the natural extension of two-player nonlocal games to an arbitrary number of players. An important question for such nonlocal games is their behavior under parallel repetition. For two-player nonlocal games, it is known that both the classical and the non-signaling value of any game converges to zero exponentially fast under parallel repetition, given that the game is non-trivial to start with (i.e., has classical/non-signaling value <1). Very recent results show similar behavior for the quantum value of a two-player game under parallel repetition. For nonlocal games with three or more players, very little is known up to present on their behavior under parallel repetition; this is true for the classical, the quantum and the non-signaling value. In this work, we show a parallel repetition theorem for the non-signaling value of a large class of multi-player games, for an arbitrary number of players. Our result applies to all multi-player games for which all possible combinations of questions have positive probability; this class in particular includes all free games, in which the questions to the players are chosen independently. Specifically, we prove that if the original game has a non-signaling value smaller than 1, then the non-signaling value of the $n$-fold parallel repetition is exponentially small in $n$. Our parallel repetition theorem for multi-player games is weaker than the known parallel repetition results for two-player games in that the rate at which the non-signaling value of the game decreases not only depends on the non-signaling value of the original game (and the number of possible responses), but on the complete description of the game. Nevertheless, we feel that our result is a first step towards a better understanding of the parallel repetition of nonlocal games with more than two players., Comment: 12 pages, v2: no technical changes, extended related work, added grant acknowledgments; to appear in Proceedings of TQC 2014

Published
2013
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233. A search for inverse magnetic catalysis in thermal quark-meson models

Author

Fraga, E. S., Mintz, B. W., and Schaffner-Bielich, J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We explore the parameter space of the two-flavor thermal quark-meson model and its Polyakov loop-extended version under the influence of a constant external magnetic field $B$. We investigate the behavior of the pseudo critical temperature for chiral symmetry breaking taking into account the likely dependence of two parameters on the magnetic field: the Yukawa quark-meson coupling and the parameter $T_0$ of the Polyakov loop potential. Under the constraints that magnetic catalysis is realized at zero temperature and the chiral transition at $B=0$ is a crossover, we find that the quark-meson model leads to thermal magnetic catalysis for the whole allowed parameter space, in contrast to the present picture stemming from lattice QCD., Comment: 8 pages, 5figures

Published
2013
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234. Turbulence analysis of an experimental flux rope plasma

Author

Schaffner, D. A., Lukin, V. S., Wan, A., and Brown, M. R.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

We have previously generated elongated Taylor double-helix flux rope plasmas in the SSX MHD wind tunnel. These plasmas are remarkable in their rapid relaxation (about one Alfv\'en time) and their description by simple analytical Taylor force-free theory despite their high plasma beta and high internal flow speeds. We report on the turbulent features observed in these plasmas including frequency spectra, autocorrelation function, and probability distribution functions of increments. We discuss here the possibility that the turbulence facilitating access to the final state supports coherent structures and intermittency revealed by non-Gaussian signatures in the statistics. Comparisons to a Hall-MHD simulation of the SSX MHD wind tunnel show similarity in several statistical measures., Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion for Special Issue on Flux Ropes

Published
2013
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235. A Realistic Model under which the Genetic Code is Optimal

Author

Buhrman, Harry, van der Gulik, Peter T. S., Klau, Gunnar W., Schaffner, Christian, Speijer, Dave, and Stougie, Leen

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Quantitative Biology - Genomics
Abstract

The genetic code has a high level of error robustness. Using values of hydrophobicity scales as a proxy for amino acid character, and the Mean Square measure as a function quantifying error robustness, a value can be obtained for a genetic code which reflects the error robustness of that code. By comparing this value with a distribution of values belonging to codes generated by random permutations of amino acid assignments, the level of error robustness of a genetic code can be quantified. We present a calculation in which the standard genetic code is shown to be optimal. We obtain this result by (1) using recently updated values of polar requirement as input; (2) fixing seven assignments (Ile, Trp, His, Phe, Tyr, Arg, and Leu) based on aptamer considerations; and (3) using known biosynthetic relations of the 20 amino acids. This last point is reflected in an approach of subdivision (restricting the random reallocation of assignments to amino acid subgroups, the set of 20 being divided in four such subgroups). The three approaches to explain robustness of the code (specific selection for robustness, amino acid-RNA interactions leading to assignments, or a slow growth process of assignment patterns) are reexamined in light of our findings. We offer a comprehensive hypothesis, stressing the importance of biosynthetic relations, with the code evolving from an early stage with just glycine and alanine, via intermediate stages, towards 64 codons carrying todays meaning., Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables Journal of Molecular Evolution, July 2013

Published
2013
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236. Approaching the precursor nuclei of the third r-process peak with RIBs

Author

Domingo-Pardo, C., Caballero-Folch, R., Agramunt, J., Algora, A., Arcones, A., Ameil, F., Ayyad, Y., Benlliure, J., Bowry, M., Calviño, F., Cano-Ott, D., Cortés, G., Davinson, T., Dillmann, I., Estrade, A., Evdokimov, A., Faestermann, T., Farinon, F., Galaviz, D., García-Rios, A., Geissel, H., Gelletly, W., Gernhäuser, R., Gómez-Hornillos, M. B., Guerrero, C., Heil, M., Hinke, C., Knöbel, R., Kojouharov, I., Kurcewicz, J., Kurz, N., Litvinov, Y., Maier, L., Marganiec, J., Marta, M., Martínez, T., Martínez-Pinedo, G., Meyer, B. S., Montes, F., Mukha, I., Napoli, D. R., Nociforo, Ch., Paradela, C., Pietri, S., Podolyák, Z., Prochazka, A., Rice, S., Riego, A., Rubio, B., Schaffner, H., Scheidenberger, Ch., Smith, K., Sokol, E., Steiger, K., Sun, B., Taín, J. L., Takechi, M., Testov, D., Weick, H., Wilson, E., Winfield, J. S., Wood, R., Woods, P., and Yeremin, A.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The rapid neutron nucleosynthesis process involves an enormous amount of very exotic neutron-rich nuclei, which represent a theoretical and experimental challenge. Two of the main decay properties that affect the final abundance distribution the most are half-lives and neutron branching ratios. Using fragmentation of a primary $^{238}$U beam at GSI we were able to measure such properties for several neutron-rich nuclei from $^{208}$Hg to $^{218}$Pb. This contribution provides a short update on the status of the data analysis of this experiment, together with a compilation of the latest results published in this mass region, both experimental and theoretical. The impact of the uncertainties connected with the beta-decay rates and with beta-delayed neutron emission is illustrated on the basis of $r$-process network calculations. In order to obtain a reasonable reproduction of the third $r$-process peak, it is expected that both half-lives and neutron branching ratios are substantially smaller, than those based on FRDM+QRPA, commonly used in $r$-process model calculations. Further measurements around $N\sim126$ are required for a reliable modelling of the underlying nuclear structure, and for performing more realistic $r$-process abundance calculations., Comment: Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VI, Lisbon 2013, Conference Proceedings

Published
2013

237. Symmetry energy impact in simulations of core-collapse supernovae

Author

Fischer, Tobias, Hempel, Matthias, Sagert, Irina, Suwa, Yudai, and Schaffner-Bielich, Jürgen

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We present a review of a broad selection of nuclear matter equations of state (EOSs) applicable in core-collapse supernova studies. The large variety of nuclear matter properties, such as the symmetry energy, which are covered by these EOSs leads to distinct outcomes in supernova simulations. Many of the currently used EOS models can be ruled out by nuclear experiments, nuclear many-body calculations, and observations of neutron stars. In particular the two classical supernova EOS describe neutron matter poorly. Nevertheless, we explore their impact in supernova simulations since they are commonly used in astrophysics. They serve as extremely soft and stiff representative nuclear models. The corresponding supernova simulations represent two extreme cases, e.g., with respect to the protoneutron star (PNS) compactness and shock evolution. Moreover, in multi-dimensional supernova simulations EOS differences have a strong effect on the explosion dynamics. Because of the extreme behaviors of the classical supernova EOSs we also include DD2, a relativistic mean field EOS with density-dependent couplings, which is in satisfactory agreement with many current nuclear and observational constraints. This is the first time that DD2 is applied to supernova simulations and compared with the classical supernova EOS. We find that the overall behaviour of the latter EOS in supernova simulations lies in between the two extreme classical EOSs. As pointed out in previous studies, we confirm the impact of the symmetry energy on the electron fraction. Furthermore, we find that the symmetry energy becomes less important during the post bounce evolution, where conversely the symmetric part of the EOS becomes increasingly dominating, which is related to the high temperatures obtained. Moreover, we study the possible impact of quark matter at high densities and light nuclear clusters at low and intermediate dens, Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures, submitted to EPJA special volume on symmetry energy

Published
2013
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238. Thermodynamics of (2+1)-flavor strongly interacting matter at nonzero isospin

Author

Stiele, Rainer, Fraga, Eduardo S., and Schaffner-Bielich, Juergen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We investigate the phase structure of strongly interacting matter at non-vanishing isospin before the onset of pion condensation in the framework of the unquenched Polyakov-Quark-Meson model with 2+1 quark flavors. We show results for the order parameters and all relevant thermodynamic quantities. In particular, we obtain a moderate change of the pressure with isospin at vanishing baryon chemical potential, whereas the chiral condensate decreases more appreciably. We compare the effective model to recent lattice data for the decrease of the pseudo-critical temperature with the isospin chemical potential. We also demonstrate the major role played by the value of the pion mass in the curvature of the transition line, and the need for lattice results with a physical pion mass. Limitations of the model at nonzero chemical potential are also discussed., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; version published in Phys. Lett. B

Published
2013
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239. QCD thermodynamics of effective models with an improved Polyakov-loop potential

Author

Stiele, Rainer, Haas, Lisa M., Braun, Jens, Pawlowski, Jan M., and Schaffner-Bielich, Juergen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We analyse the role of the quark backreaction on the gauge-field dynamics and its impact on the Polyakov-loop potential. Based on our analysis we construct an improved Polyakov-loop potential that can be used in future model studies. In the present work, we employe this improved potential in a study of a 2+1 flavour Polyakov-quark-meson model and show that the temperature dependence of the order parameters and thermodynamics is closer to full QCD. We discuss the results for QCD thermodynamics and outline briefly the dependence of our results on the critical temperature and the parametrisation of the Polyakov-loop potential as well as the mass of the sigma-meson., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures; contribution to the PoS Proceedings of the 'Xth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum' (8-12 October 2012, Munich, Germany), PoS(Confinement X)215

Published
2013

240. Nuclear Masses and Neutron Stars

Author

Kreim, Susanne, Hempel, Matthias, Lunney, David, and Schaffner-Bielich, Jürgen

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Precision mass spectrometry of neutron-rich nuclei is of great relevance for astrophysics. Masses of exotic nuclides impose constraints on models for the nuclear interaction and thus affect the description of the equation of state of nuclear matter, which can be extended to describe neutron-star matter. With knowledge of the masses of nuclides near shell closures, one can also derive the neutron-star crustal composition. The Penning-trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP at CERN-ISOLDE has recently achieved a breakthrough measuring the mass of 82Zn, which allowed constraining neutron-star crust composition to deeper layers (Wolf et al., PRL 110, 2013). We perform a more detailed study on the sequence of nuclei in the outer crust of neutron stars with input from different nuclear models to illustrate the sensitivity to masses and the robustness of neutron-star models. The dominant role of the N=50 and N=82 closed neutron shells for the crustal composition is confirmed., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to the anniversary issue of Int. J. Mass Spectrom. "100 Years of Mass Spectrometry"

Published
2013
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241. Improved Polyakov-loop potential for effective models from functional calculations

Author

Haas, Lisa M., Stiele, Rainer, Braun, Jens, Pawlowski, Jan M., and Schaffner-Bielich, Juergen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We investigate the quark backreaction on the Polyakov loop and its impact on the thermodynamics of quantum chromodynamics. The dynamics of the gluons generating the Polyakov-loop potential is altered by the presence of dynamical quarks. However, this backreaction of the quarks has not yet been taken into account in Polyakov-loop extended model studies. In the present work, we show within a 2+1 flavour Polyakov-quark-meson model that a quark-improved Polyakov-loop potential leads to a smoother transition between the low-temperature hadronic phase and the high-temperature quark-gluon plasma phase. In particular, we discuss the dependence of our results on the remaining uncertainties that are the critical temperature and the parametrisation of the Polyakov-loop potential as well as the mass of the sigma-meson., Comment: 19 pages, 25 figures; version published in Phys. Rev. D

Published
2013
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243. Population genetic structure of the Asian bush mosquito, Aedes japonicus (Diptera, Culicidae), in Belgium suggests multiple introductions

Author

Smitz, Nathalie, De Wolf, Katrien, Deblauwe, Isra, Kampen, Helge, Schaffner, Francis, De Witte, Jacobus, Schneider, Anna, Verlé, Ingrid, Vanslembrouck, Adwine, Dekoninck, Wouter, Meganck, Kenny, Gombeer, Sophie, Vanderheyden, Ann, De Meyer, Marc, Backeljau, Thierry, Werner, Doreen, Müller, Ruth, and Van Bortel, Wim

Published
2021
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245. The relevance of rock shape over mass—implications for rockfall hazard assessments

Author

Caviezel, Andrin, Ringenbach, Adrian, Demmel, Sophia E., Dinneen, Claire E., Krebs, Nora, Bühler, Yves, Christen, Marc, Meyrat, Guillaume, Stoffel, Andreas, Hafner, Elisabeth, Eberhard, Lucie A., Rickenbach, Daniel von, Simmler, Kevin, Mayer, Philipp, Niklaus, Pascal S., Birchler, Thomas, Aebi, Tim, Cavigelli, Lukas, Schaffner, Michael, Rickli, Stefan, Schnetzler, Christoph, Magno, Michele, Benini, Luca, and Bartelt, Perry

Published
2021
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246. Relationship between neighborhood census-tract level socioeconomic status and respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations in U.S. adults, 2015–2017

Author

Holmen, Jenna E., Kim, Lindsay, Cikesh, Bryanna, Kirley, Pam Daily, Chai, Shua J., Bennett, Nancy M., Felsen, Christina B., Ryan, Patricia, Monroe, Maya, Anderson, Evan J., Openo, Kyle P., Como-Sabetti, Kathryn, Bye, Erica, Talbot, H. Keipp, Schaffner, William, Muse, Alison, Barney, Grant R., Whitaker, Michael, Ahern, Jennifer, Rowe, Christopher, Langley, Gayle, and Reingold, Art

Published
2021
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250. Pathway to the Square Kilometre Array - The German White Paper -

Author

Aharonian, F., Arshakian, T. G., Allen, B., Banerjee, R., Beck, R., Becker, W., Bomans, D. J., Breitschwerdt, D., Brüggen, M., Brunthaler, A., Catinella, B., Champion, D., Ciardi, B., Crocker, R., de Avillez, M. A., Dettmar, R. J., Engels, D., Enßlin, T., Enke, H., Fieseler, T., Gizon, L., Hackmann, E., Hartmann, B., Henkel, C., Hoeft, M., Iapichino, L., Innes, D., James, C., Jasche, J., Jones, D., Kagramanova, V., Kauffmann, G., Keane, E., Kerp, J., Klöckner, H. -R., Kokkotas, K., Kramer, M., Krause, M., Krupp, N., Kunz, J., Lämmerzahl, C., Lee, K. J., List, M., Liu, K., Lobanov, A., Mann, G., Merloni, A., Middelberg, E., Niemeyer, J., Noutsos, A., Perlick, V., Reich, W., Richter, P., Roy, A., Saintonge, A., Schäfer, G., Schaffner-Bielich, J., Schinnerer, E., Schleicher, D., Schneider, P., Schwarz, D. J., Sedrakian, A., Sesana, A., Smolčić, V., Solanki, S., Tuffs, R., Vetter, M., Weber, E., Weller, J., Wex, N., Wucknitz, O., and Zwaan, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is the most ambitious radio telescope ever planned. With a collecting area of about a square kilometre, the SKA will be far superior in sensitivity and observing speed to all current radio facilities. The scientific capability promised by the SKA and its technological challenges provide an ideal base for interdisciplinary research, technology transfer, and collaboration between universities, research centres and industry. The SKA in the radio regime and the European Extreme Large Telescope (E-ELT) in the optical band are on the roadmap of the European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) and have been recognised as the essential facilities for European research in astronomy. This "White Paper" outlines the German science and R&D interests in the SKA project and will provide the basis for future funding applications to secure German involvement in the Square Kilometre Array., Comment: Editors: H. R. Kl\"ockner, M. Kramer, H. Falcke, D.J. Schwarz, A. Eckart, G. Kauffmann, A. Zensus; 150 pages (low resolution- and colour-scale images), published in July 2012, language English (including a foreword and an executive summary in German), the original file is available via the MPIfR homepage

Published
2013

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