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To examine the pathological findings that occurred in the lens and cornea and biochemical findings in the lens of rats fed with corn syrup and the protective effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA).Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I served as the control group. Group II was used as the study group; the rats were treated with 30% corn sugar solution for 10 weeks. Group III was the treatment group. Corn syrup was given by the oral route to the rats during the study, and ALA (100 mg/kg) was added to the treatment 4 weeks after the study began. At the end of the experiment, central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured in all rats with an ultrasonic pachymeter. Then the right eyes of the rats were enucleated for histopathological examination of the cornea and lens. The left lenses were homogenized for biochemical analyses.The lenses of the rats treated with corn syrup revealed severe damage; many lens fibers appeared swollen and ruptured with large vacuoles near the lens epithelium. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a parameter of oxidative stress, increased but not significantly in Group II; however. ALA treatment decreased MDA levels significantly. Antioxidant enzyme and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly decreased in Group II, and ALA treatment increased these activities; however, the increase was not significant. Changes were observed in the cornea such as epithelial alterations, subepithelial vacuolizations, collagen fibers loss in the stromal layer, interruptions in the subepithelial basement membrane and central corneal thickening.Corn syrup can cause severe damage in rat lenses and corneas. However, ALA ameliorates the effect of corn syrup-related lesions on the cornea and lens.

The use of political subjects in Turkish theatre is first observed in theatre-inthe-round in folk drama. As political theatre makes progress during the Tanzimat Reform Era in Turkey, it gains importance with transition periods such as the proclamation of the Turkish Republic and the development of the multi-party system. It was in the 1950s and 1960s when social unrest was unignorable that works of political theatre were most written. The development of political theatre depends on the political events of the period in which it is produced. For instance, while plays written in the Tanzimat Reform Era and the Period of Autocracy depict the oppression of Sultan Abdulaziz, the liberation of art is reflected in the works produced during the Second Constitutional Era. Following this period, political theatre displays the transition period experienced by a divided society with the declaration of the Republic. In the political theatre of the 1950s and 1960s, civil unrest resulting from social disorder is in the foreground. Although some theatre groups still continue dealing with political issues in our day, political theatre, which has regressed after 1971 memorandum and 1980 coup d’etat, seems to have lost its former efficiency.

Peromelia, ekstremitenin alt kisminin olmamasi ile karakterize siddetli bir konjenital anomalidir. Bu anomali hayvanlarda nadir gorulur. Iki yasli, Holstein danada sag on bacakta monobrachial peromelia olgusu gozlendi. Dana, kesimden once ve sonra makropatolojik olarak incelendi. Hayvan klinik olarak saglikliydi ve vucut kondusyonu iyiydi. Omuzdan radius ve ulna’ya kadar proksimal ekstremite sekillenmisti. Normal skapula, hipoplazik humerus ile radius ve ulnanin proksimal bolumleri vardi. Kemiklerin uzeri normal deri ile kapliydi. Dananin sadece tek bir on bacagi vardi ve sol on bacakta belirgin bir egilme gozlendi. Bunun disinda hicbir anormallik saptanmadi. Bu calismada iki yasinda bir danada monobrachial peromelia olgusu anatomo-patolojik olarak bildirilmistir. Bu, Turkiye'deki bir danada saptanan ilk monobrachial peromelia raporudur

11 yaşında dişi bir kedi ateş, letarji, mukozalarda ikter, karında şişkinlik ve iştahsızlık şikayetleri ile Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Eğitim Hastanesine getirildi. Ehrlichia canis enfeksiyonu, sürme froti hazırlanarak ve ayrıca indirek immunofloresan (IFAT) yöntemiyle teşhis edildi. Sürme frotiler incelendiğinde belirgin anemi ve eritrositlerde anizositoz gözlendi. Nötrofillerin sitoplazmasında Ehrlichia spp morulası mevcuttu. Hematoloji ve biyokimya analizleri için kan örnekleri alındı. Tedavide doxycycline kullanılarak iyileşme sağlandı, An 11-year old cat presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in Mehmet Akif Ersoy University from a farm in Burdur province. She presented fever, lethargy, icteric mucous membrans, abdominal bloating and anorexia. An Ehrlichia canis infection was confirmed by blood smear and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT) method. At the examination of blood smear marked anemia and anisocytosis were observed in erythrocytes. Ehrlichia spp. morulae stage were observed in cytoplasm of neutrophils. Blood samples were taken from cat for haematological and biochemical analysis. The cat was treated with doxycycline and recovered rapidly

Bu çalışmada Burdur İli’ndeki buzağılarda saptanan respiratuar sinsityal virus (BRSV) enfeksiyonları makroskobik, histopatolojik ve immunohistokimyasal bulgularıyla detaylı olarak incelendi. Solunum problemleri ile ölen ve immunohistokimyasal olarak BRSV tespit edilen buzağıların nekropsisinde makroskobik olarak kraniyo-ventral loblarda koyu kırmızı renkli sert kıvamlı pnömoni alanları gözlendi. Bu alanların kesit yüzlerinden köpüklü ve mukopurulent bir eksudat sızıyordu. Mikroskobik olarak akciğer kesitlerinde intersitisyel ve bronko-intersitisyel pnömoni bulguları gözlendi. Pnömoni bölgelerinde yoğun şekilde karakteristik sinsityal hücreler ve bazı bronş-bronşiyol epitellerinde intrasitoplazmik inklüzyon cisimciklerine rastlandı. İmmunohistokimyasal incelemelerde; bronş, bronşiol ve alveol epitelleri ile lümenlerindeki yangısal hücre ve özellikle sinsityal hücrelerin sitoplazmalarında immuno-pozitif alanlara rastlandı. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Burdur bölgesinde buzağılarda ciddi kayıplara neden olan BRSV hastalığında makroskobik, mikroskobik ve immunohistokimyasal bulgularının detaylı olarak sunulmasıdır.

Numerous young wild goats ( Capra aegagrus aegragus ) were reported to suffer from a contagious and fatal disease in a wildlife protection area in Antalya, Turkey, in January, 2017. Because of the large and partly inaccessible mountain area, total number of the dead goats were not known. However, approximately 15 goats were estimated to die from the disease; two of them were submitted for necropsy. At gross examination, lesions mainly localized on lips and numerous proliferative papules and pustules, necrotic scabs and swelling, as well as edema, hyperemia and ulcers, were observed at the commissure of the lips. Necropsy of both goats was performed and tissue samples were examined histopathologically and electron microscopically for the presence of viral agents. Histopathological examination revealed necrotic and proliferative cheilitis and dermatitis with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in keratinocytes. Electron microscopy revealed typical parapoxvirus particles. According to gross, histopathological and ultrastructural findings the disease was diagnosed as contagious ecthyma.

Fingolimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator used for multiple sclerosis treatment and acts on cellular processes such as apoptosis, endothelial permeability, and inflammation. We hypothesized that fingolimod has a positive effect on alleviating preterm fetal brain injury.Sixteen pregnant rats were divided into four groups of four rats each. On gestational day 17, i.p. endotoxin was injected to induce fetal brain injury, followed by i.p. fingolimod (4 mg/kg maternal weight). Hysterotomy for preterm delivery was performed 6 h after fingolimod. The study groups included (i) vehicle controls (i.p. normal saline only); (ii) positive controls (endotoxin plus saline); (iii) saline plus fingolimod; and (iv) endotoxin plus fingolimod treatment. Brain tissues of the pups were dissected for evaluation of interleukin (IL)-6, caspase-3, and S100β on immunohistochemistry.Maternal fingolimod treatment attenuated endotoxin-related fetal brain injury and led to lower immunoreactions for IL-6, caspase-3, and S100β compared with endotoxin controls (P0.0001 for all comparisons).Antenatal maternal fingolimod therapy had fetal neuroprotective effects by alleviating preterm birth-related fetal brain injury with inhibitory effects on inflammation and apoptosis.

Five stray wild goat kids (1.5-6 months old) found in forestland by Antalya Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks within different periods were brought to Antalya Zoo for feeding and care. The kids were dead after a short time of their arrival to the zoo. The dead animals were examined within the same day of their arrival to the lab. During the viral examination, presence of pestivirus antigen (Ag) was detected in blood samples, brain and liver of months old kid, brain and spleen of two animals viz. six months and two months old. All tissue samples were also studied for Bluetongue virus (BTV) Ag by Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) but the samples were found to be negative. While two animals of six and two months old showed Pestivirus infection according to their clinical symptoms, virological and pathological results.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the pancreas tissue of young rats and the ameliorative effect of Gallic acid (GA). Six-week-old, 48 male rats were equally divided into four groups: Sham group, EMR group (2.45 GHz), EMR (2.45 GHz)+GA group (30 mg/kg/daily) orally and GA group (30 mg/kg/daily). After 30 days, serum and pancreatic tissue samples were harvested for biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Serum amylase, lipase, glucose, and tissue malondialdehyde, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were increased, whereas total antioxidant status decreased in the EMR group. The histopathological examination of the pancreases indicated slight degenerative changes in some pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cells and slight inflammatory cell infiltrations in the EMR group. At the immunohistochemical examination, marked increase was observed in calcitonin gene related protein and Prostaglandin E2 expressions in pancreatic cells in this group. There were no changes in interleukin-6 expirations. GA ameliorated biochemical and pathological findings in the EMR+GA group. These findings clearly demonstrate that EMR can cause degenerative changes in both endocrine and exocrine pancreas cells in rats during the developmental period and GA has an ameliorative effect. (C) 2017 The Egyptian Society of Radiation Sciences and Applications. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

WOS:000404096500013 PubMed: 28637984 The effects of systemically administered rosuvastatin on alveolar bone loss (ABL), cytokine levels and oxidative status were investigated in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis. Rats were divided randomly into four groups: a non-ligated group (C); a non-ligated+rosuvastatin group (R); a ligated group (P); and a ligated+rosuvastatin group (PR). Ligatures were placed at the maxillary second molars, and rosuvastatin was administered for 14 days. After the rats had been euthanatized, histomorphometric and histological analyses were performed, and the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-10 and oxidant and antioxidant parameters (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase) were evaluted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rosuvastatin significantly decreased the extent of ABL, inflammatory infiltration and osteoclasts in periodontitis, but increased the numbers of osteoblasts. Although rosuvastatin reduced the levels of IL-1 beta, they did not differ significantly between the PR and P groups. In the PR group, not only were IL-10 levels significantly higher but also the ratio of IL-1 beta to IL-10 was lower than in the P group. Although MDA levels were significantly increased in the P group relative to the C group, they did not differ significantly between the PR and C groups. The present data suggest that rosuvastatin decreases ABL in ligature-induced periodontitis, and that its anti-inflammatory effect is more remarkable than its antioxidant effect.

In this study, the diabetogenic effects of long term Ochratoxin A (OTA) administration in rats were investigated, and its role in the etiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) was examined utilizing 42 female Wistar rats for these purposes. The rats were divided into three different study and control groups according to the duration of the OTA administration. The rats received 45 μg OTA daily in their feed for 6, 9 and 24 weeks, respectively. Three control groups were also used for the same time periods. Blood and pancreatic tissue samples were collected during the necropsy at the end of the 6, 9 and 24 weeks. The plasma values of insulin, glucagon and glucose were determined for the study and control groups. Pancreatic lesions were evaluated via histopathological examination and insulin and glucagon expression in these lesions was subsequently determined using immunohistochemical methods. Statistically significant decreases in insulin levels were observed, in contrast to increases in blood glucagon and glucose levels. Histopathological examinations revealed slight to moderate degeneration in Langerhans islet cells in all OTA-treated groups. Immunohistochemistry of pancreatic tissue revealed decreased insulin and increased glucagon expression. This study demonstrated that OTA may cause pancreatic damage in the Langerhans islet and predispose rats to DM. © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.

Endosulfan is an insecticide that is composed of two stereoisomers: α- and β- endosulfan in an approximate ratio of 70:30. Owing to its widespread use, poisoning of both humans and animals is possible. We examined the toxic effects of endosulfan on New Zealand white rabbit kidneys. Rabbit kidneys were examined histopathologically and caspase-3 activity was detected using immunohistochemistry. Animals were divided into four groups: Group 1 was given a sublethal dose of endosulfan in corn oil by oral gavage daily for 6 weeks, Group 2 was given endosulfan + vitamin C during the same period, Group 3 was given corn oil daily and vitamin C on alternate days, Group 4 was given only corn oil daily throughout the experiment. By the end of experimental period, the concentration of α-endosulfan was greater than the β-endosulfan concentration in the kidneys of both of endosulfan treated groups (Groups 1 and 2). Decreased accumulation of α- and β-endosulfan was observed in Group 2, possibly because of the antioxidant effect of the vitamin C. Histopathological examination revealed hemorrhages, tubule cell necrosis, glomerular infiltration, glomerulosclerosis and proteinaceous material in the tubules, and Bowman spaces in the kidneys of Group 1. Caspase-3 reaction was stronger in Group 1 than in the other groups. Apoptotic activity was most frequent in proximal tubule cells. Endosulfan is toxic to rabbit kidneys. Vitamin C treatment reduced the accumulation of endosulfan in kidneys and reduced its toxicity.

Bu olguda, 3 yasli, Holstayn irki bir inekte saptanan vaginal ksantom makroskobik, mikroskobik ve immunohistokimyasal olarak tanimlandi. Vaginadan pembe renkli, sert kivamli, 328 gr agirligindaki bir kitle cerrahi olarak uzaklastirildi. Histopatolojik olarak, kitle stromayla sarili lobuler alanlardan olusuyordu ve cok sayida kopuklu makrofajlar, yogun lipid materyali, az sayida dev hucre ile kolesterol yariklari iceriyordu. Immunohistokimyasal olarak vimentin, prolifere hucre nukleer antijen (PCNA) ve CD 68 ile pozitif; duz kas aktin (SMA), glial fibriler asidik protein (GFAP) ve S100 protein ile negatif reaksiyon saptandi. Yapilan taramalara gore bu, bir inekte saptanan ilk vaginal ksantom olgusudur

BACKGROUND: The impact of newly defined subtypes and grades of adenocarcinoma on the survival and their reflection on imaging methods and nuclear medicine practices are popular research topics. AIMS: The aim of the study is to investigate quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) parameters and the adenocarcinoma grading system of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society in terms of survival and potential prognosis prediction value in operated lung adenocarcinoma patients. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred and seventy-nine patients who were surgically treated for adenocarcinoma of the lung were included in the study. 2-deoxy-2-(18F) fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET/computerized tomography (CT) was applied for initial staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For quantitative evaluation, maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumors were calculated. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant relation between grade and radiological appearance, but tumor grade and SUVmax, TLG, and MTV parameters showed no significant correlation. Pathological tumor size and PET/CT had strong correlation (P < 0.001, r = 0.816). There was no relationship between mortality and tumor grade (P = 0.980). SUVmax, MTV, and TLG were more predictive for survival than disease grade (P = 0.022, 0.044, and 0.012, respectively). Survival differences were observed according to the cutoff values for TLG (49.66) and MTV (9.68) (P < 0.05). Vascular invasion and central settlement were related to lymph node involvement (P < 0.001). When the tumor/lymphadenopathy SUVmax ratio was < 2.5, risk of metastatic lymph node was higher (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Metabolic parameters are still superior to new adenocarcinoma grading system in terms of survival. Measurement of tumor size on PET/CT is an important predictive value about pathological T-stage.

Tuberculosis is a systemic disease that still affects many people. While pleural involvement is frequently observed in extrapulmonary tuberculosis, multiple skeletal system and articular involvements are quite rare. FDG PET imaging could be a promising diagnostic and treatment monitoring method, especially in complicated cases and if the other methods are inadequate. In this case study, we report a patient who was admitted with suspected malignancy and then diagnosed with tuberculosis pleuritis, lymphadenitis, spondylodiscitis, and sacroiliitis with specific symptoms; the response to anti-tuberculosis therapy was shown using FDG PET/CT.

Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) is a rare disorder characterized by granulomatous necrotizing vasculitis which mainly affects small- and medium-sized vessels. While the classical triad of involvement is upper and lower respiratory system and glomerulonephritis, WG may involve any organ or system in the body. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) both in the initial evaluation and follow-up of patients with WG. We retrospectively evaluated PET/CT data from 13 patients (6 males; 7 females) with a mean age of 45 ± 12.4 years (range 28–63) who underwent either initial evaluation (n = 12) or response evaluation (n = 2) by conventional imaging methods and FDG with PET/CT. PET/CT images were both visually and quantitatively evaluated. The demographic data, clinical and laboratory findings of each patient were also recorded from the hospital files. Lung (n = 13), parapharyngeal space (n = 8), nose (n = 8), and ear (n = 3) were the most common disease sites detected on PET/CT. The entire initial evaluation patients had either solitary or multiple pulmonary nodular/mass lesions with marked increased FDG uptake (mean SUVmax 12 ± 4, range 3.53–19.51) on PET/CT. There was no significant pathological FDG uptake in patients consistent with complete treatment response after appropriate immunosuppressive therapy. PET/CT clearly demonstrated unexpected disease sites besides the respiratory system, with WG involvement except kidneys. Possibly due to physiological urinary excretion of FDG, urine analysis, BUN and creatinine levels were accepted still the best way for diagnosis of renal involvement. FDG with PET/CT is a valuable tool in the management of patients with WG for a more accurate clinical evaluation regarding disease extension and treatment response.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most significant causes of mortality in humans and animals, and its etiology is usually unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiac pathology of endosulfan toxicity and the protective effect of vitamin C in rabbits. Twenty-four rabbits were divided into 4 groups: (1) the END group was given a daily sublethal dose of endosulfan in corn oil by oral gavage for 6 weeks; (2) the END + C group received the endosulfan as well as vitamin C over the same 6-week period; (3) the OIL + C group received corn oil daily and vitamin C every other day; and (4) the OIL group received only corn oil daily. We observed microscopic hemorrhages, single-cell necrosis, inflammatory reactions, and fibrotic changes in the myocardium in the END group. Small hemorrhages and single-cell necrosis also were seen in some hearts in the END + C group, but no inflammation was observed. Caspase-3 immunoreactivity was more significant in myocardial cells in the END group compared with the others. A protective effect of vitamin C on lesions was observed in the END + C group. These results showed that endosulfan resulted in toxic changes in the hearts of rabbits, but this toxicity could be decreased with vitamin C treatment.

Objective To investigate the results of penile urethral reconstruction using amniotic membrane (AM) and buccal mucosa (BM) grafts, and the simultaneous use of both in a rabbit model. Materials and Methods A total of 28 male rabbits were divided into 4 groups according to grafting style: group 1 (AM), group 2 (BM), group 3 (BM + AM), and group 4 (sham). A standardized urethral defect was created in the 3 initial groups. The sham group underwent only a ventral vertical urethral incision and primary re-suturation. AM grafts were used in group 1, and BM grafts were used in groups 2 and 3. AM grafts were affixed to the BM grafts in group 3 as a covering tissue. Urethrography and endoscopy were performed after the 1st and 2nd months of grafting. The penises were subjected to histopathologic and immunohistochemical assessment for fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Results Dehiscence and fistula developed in group 1, whereas 2 fistulas were observed in group 2. No complications developed in group 3. Epithelization at urethras was observed at 4 weeks in all groups, but transformation to urothelial epithelialization occurred at 8 weeks. Marked amelioration and epithelial transformation were observed in group 3. The most prominent fibroblast growth factor expression was observed in group 3. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was completely negative in group 3 at 8 weeks, indicating complete healing. Conclusion The simultaneous use of AM and BM for ventral onlay penile urethroplasty provides better tissue healing and lower complication rates in comparison to BM alone. Further animal studies or clinical applications are needed.

It is known that Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) images may be helpful for evaluation of brain function in newborns. Here we described the fluorine-18 [18-F] FDG PET/CT imaging findings of encephalomalacia due to perinatal asphyxia in a child with refractory Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) who underwent PET/CT scan to stage the primary disease. Prominent hypometabolism was incidentally detected in the occipital regions bilaterally apart from the FDG uptakes in the malign lymphatic infiltrations. This case highlights the potential coexistence of a malignancy and a functional brain disorder.

A 2-year-old sheep presented with complains of nasal discharge and respiratory distress from a flock consisting 125 animals. Owner stated that the ewe started having clear nasal discharge more than three months and 15 sheep died with similar clinical symptoms in 3 years of period. During the clinical examination, depression and inappetence were observed to the sheep. Because of poor prognosis the ewe was euthanatized. At necropsy, bilateral tumors were seen in nasal cavity. Masses were soft, pinkish color, covered by mucinous exudate and completely filled the nasal cavity, invasion to the nasal sinuses were observed. The tumors localized in the right and left side of nasal cavity were 4,5x4x2 cm and 9,5x10x4 cm in diameters respectively. At the histopathological examination, the mass consisted of well-differentiated cuboidal to columnar cells with moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm and round to oval nuclei. According to clinical and pathological findings the mass diagnosed as Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinoma. This is the first Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinoma report in a sheep in Turkey.

Özet: Bu çalışmada Anabilim Dalımız arşivinde bulunan 25 ENA olgusu patolojik olarak incelendi. Bu olgulardan 24’ü keçi 1’i koyuna aitti ve hayvanların yaşları 2-5 arasında değişmekteydi. Bu çalışmada 23 olguda tek taraflı 2 olguda ise çift taraflı tümör yerleşimleri saptandı. Histopatolojik olarak tübüler, papiller ve miks formlar gözlendi. Hiçbir olguda metastaz saptanmadı sadece iki olguda sinuslara invazyon görüldü. Elektron mikroskobik olarak incelenen 3 olgunun üçünde de Retroviruslar saptandı.

The present report describes a rare case of splenic histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in a 10 years old Rottweiler dog. In anamnesis owner stated that history of anorexia, weakness and lethargy since from 3 weeks ago. Clinically body temperature, heart and respiratory rate were normal. Anemia diagnosed at the hematological analysis. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed numerous masses on the spleen and laparotomy decided. Splenectomy performed and the spleen presented to pathological examination. At the gross examination splenomegaly and numerous whitish tumoral foci were observed the spleen. Histopathological examination revealed numerous anaplastic, pleomorphic histiocytic cells in the tumoral masses. According the pathological findings tumors diagnosed as HS.

In recent years, pancreatic pathologies have become common problems and their etiology and pathogenesis are generally unknown. Studies have shown that smoking may increase the risk of pancreatic disorders but very scant knowledge is available about the pathogenesis of cigarette induced pancreatic pathology. This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress status, biochemical, pathological and immunohistochemical findings of rats exposed to cigarette smoke, pathogenesis of smoking related pancreatic damage and usability of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) for amelioration of cigarette smoking induced harmful effects on rat pancreas. Twenty eight female, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly distributed into three groups. The sham group (S) (n = 8), rats were given 0.1 ml of physiological serum by oral gavage for 8 weeks. The cigarette smoke exposed group (CSE) (n = 10), rats were exposed to successive periods of cigarette smoke for 2 hours per day per 8 weeks and given 0.1 ml of physiological serum orally during the study. The cigarette smoke exposed and ALA treated group (CSE + ALA) (n = 10), animals were exposed to cigarette smoke (2 hours per day per 8 weeks) and simultaneously treated with 100 mg per kg per day ALA orally during the study. At the end of the study, the serum samples were collected for insulin, glucagon, glucose and amylase analyses. Tissue samples were collected for biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) levels and oxidative stress index (OSI) were evaluated in the pancreas samples. Immunohistochemical analyses of insulin, glucagon, calcitonin gene related protein (CGRP), active caspase-3, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (Hif-1), Hif-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-?) expressions of pancreas were examined. Cigarette smoke caused statistically significant increase in serum amylase and glucose but decreased insulin levels indicating both endocrine and exocrine cell damage. There were no statistically significant differences in serum glucagon levels between the groups. Histopathological examination of the pancreas exhibited generally normal tissue architecture but slightly degenerative and apoptotic cells were noticed both in the endocrine and exocrine part of the pancreas in the CSE group. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed marked increase in active caspase-3, Hif-1 and Hif-2, CGRP and TNF-? expressions with a slight increase in glucagon immunoreactivity in cells while a marked decrease was observed in insulin expression in some Langerhans islets in the CSE group. ALA ameliorated biochemical and pathological findings in the CSE + ALA group. These findings clearly demonstrated that cigarette smoke can cause damage in both endocrine and exocrine cells in rat pancreas and ALA has an ameliorative effect of cigarette induced lesions. © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Pancoast tumors are the masses that are located at the apical region of the lungs and may cause some typical symptoms, named as Pancoast Syndrome, like shoulder and arm pain, Horner’s syndrome (ipsilateral ptosis, myosis, enophthalmus and anhydrosis) and weakness in ipsilateral hand musculature due to the invasion of the adjacent nerves and bone. These tumors are commonly the malign lung carcinomas. Here we report two cases of patients suffering from back and arm pain and that have some pancoast syndrome symptoms mentioned above, related to apical mass in radiological images. One of these patients had ptosis and anhydrosis associated with Horner's syndrome. 2-Deoxy-2-[18F] Fluoro-D-Glucose (FDG) with positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT)was performed because of a suspicion of malignancy and an intense FDG accumulation was seen coincident with the apical tumor in both. The patients then underwent complete surgical resection of the mass and the masses were postoperatively diagnosed as paraganglioma and schwannoma, respectively. So, we wanted to emphasize that neurogenic tumors should be included in the differential diagnosis of Pancoast tumor as a rare cause and to remind the clinicians to give their attentions for essentiality of tissue diagnosis of Pancoast carcinoma before starting the treatment. KEYWORDS: Pancoast tumor , neurogenic tumors, schwannoma, paraganglioma, PET/CT PET/CT GORUNTULEMEDE ARTMIS FDG TUTULUMU GOSTEREN NADIR PANKOAST TUMORU NEDENLERINDEN SCHWANNOMA AND PARAGANGLIOMA OZET: Pankoast tumorleri omuz ve kol agrisi, Horner Sendromu (ipsilateral ptozis, myozis, enoftalmus ve anhidrozis ) ve komsu sinir ve kemik yapilarinin invazyonuna bagli ayni taraf el kaslarinda gucsuzluk gibi bazi tipik semptomlara, Pankoast Sendromu olarak isimlendirilir, neden olabilen akcigerlerin apikal kesimlerinde yerlesim gosteren kitlelerdir. Biz burada radyolojik goruntulemelerinde apikal kitlesiyle iliskli sirt ve kol agrisi tarifleyen ve yukarida belirtilen bazi pankoast sendromu bulgulari mevcut olan iki vakayi bildirdik. Hastalardan birisinin Horner Sendromui ile iliskili ptozis ve anhidrozisi vardi. Iki olguda da 2-Deoxy-2-[18F] Fluoro-D-Glucose (FDG) with positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) malignite suphesiyle yapildi ve apikal yerlesimli kitlelerde yogun artmis FDG akumulasyonu izlendi. Hastalar opere edildi ve cikarilan kitleler paraganglioma ve schwannoma olarak raporlandi. Bu olgularla norojenik tumorlerin Pankoast tumorleri ayirici tanisinda nadir nedenler arasinda akilda bulundurulmasi gerektigini vurgulamak ve Pankoast karsinomunun tedavisine baslamadan once doku tanisinin gerekliligi konusunu klinisyenlere hatirlatmak istedik.. ANAHTAR KELIMELER: Pankoast tumoru , norojenik tumorler, schwannoma, paraganglioma, PET/CT

Objectives: Chronic consumption of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) causes several problems such as insulin resistance. The goal of the study was to investigate pancreatic damage induced by chronic HFCS consumption and the protective effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on pancreatic cells., Methods: Wistar Albino, 4-month-old, female rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly distributed into three groups, each containing eight rats. The study included an HFCS group, an HFCS + ALA-administered group and a control group (CON). The prepared 30% solution of HFCS (F30) (24% fructose, 28% dextrose) was added to the drinking water for 10 weeks. ALA treatment was begun 4 weeks after the first HFCS administration (100 mg/kg/oral, last 6 weeks). Rats were anaesthetised and euthanised by cervical dislocation 24 h after the last ALA administration. Blood samples for biochemical tests (amylase, lipase, malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT)) and tissue samples for histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations (caspase-3, insulin and glucagon) were collected., Results: Comparing the control and HFCS groups, serum glucose (150.92 +/- 39.77 and 236.50 +/- 18.28, respectively, p < 0.05), amylase (2165.00 +/- 150.76 and 3027.66 +/- 729.19, respectively, p < 0.01), lipase (5.58 +/- 2.22 and 11.51 +/- 2.74, respectively, p < 0.01) and pancreatic tissue MDA (0.0167 +/- 0.004 and 0.0193 +/- 0.006, respectively, p < 0.05) levels were increased, whereas tissue CAT (0.0924 +/- 0.029 and 0.0359 +/- 0.023, respectively, p < 0.05) activity decreased in the HFCS group significantly. Histopathological examination revealed degenerative and necrotic changes in Langerhans islet cells and slight inflammatory cell infiltration in pancreatic tissue in the HFCS group. Immunohistochemically there was a significant decrease in insulin (2.85 +/- 0.37 and 0.87 +/- 0.64, respectively, p < 0.001) and glucagon (2.71 +/- 0.48 and 1.00 +/- 0.75, respectively, p < 0.001) secreting cell scores, whereas a greater increase in caspase-3 (0.14 +/- 0.37 and 1.00 +/- 0.75, respectively, p < 0.05) expression was seen in this group compared with the controls. In the ALA-treated group, all of these pathologic conditions were improved., Conclusions: This study indicated HFCS induced pancreatic lesions, but ALA had ameliorative effects. (C) 2016 IAP and EPC. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Objectives To evaluate the effects of certolizumab, a pegylated monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), on experimentally induced acute pancreatitis. Methods Healthy Wistar Albino male rats (n = 36) were randomly divided into 4 groups (9 rats in each group): group 1, control group; group 2, certolizumab group; group 3, cerulein group; and group 4, cerulein + certolizumab group. Acute edematous pancreatitis was induced via intraperitoneal injection of 80-μg/kg cerulein (20 μg/kg, 4 times at 1-hour intervals) in groups 3 and 4. Certolizumab (10 μg) was intraperitoneally administered in groups 2 and 4. Serum levels of amylase, lipase, TNF-α, and lactate dehydrogenase were evaluated. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the pancreatic tissue for assessing the activities of malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, and caspase-3 were also performed after 72 hours. Results Certolizumab treatment significantly decreased the serum levels of amylase, lipase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Histopathological edema, hemorrhage, parenchymal necrosis, and infiltration scores were also decreased, along with a decrease in malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, and caspase-3 activities. Conclusion This study suggests that certolizumab is a beneficial treatment mode for reducing the severity of acute pancreatitis. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction To investigate the effectiveness of manual detorsion (MD) and applicability of extra-scrotal fixation for testicular torsion in a rabbit model. Material and methods Twelve New Zealand male rabbits were randomized into six groups of two rabbits each. A single-side testicular torsion (TT) model (different degrees, time and sides) was performed in all groups except the Sham group. The groups included: Group 1 (180°; 4 h), Group 2 (720°; 6 h), Group 3 (1080°; 9 h), Group 4 (540°; 1 h), Group 5 (900°; 2 h), and Group 6 (sham-only). Testes were examined by another urologist and radiologist with Color Doppler Ultrasonography (CDU). MD was performed with CDU until blood flow was observed in the affected testis. Extra-scrotal fixation was then conducted in these animals. The testes were then harvested for blinded histopathological examinations. Results TT was detected in all animals except the control group. The CDU examination detected decreased blood flow only in Group 1. An opposite rate was observed between the spermatic cord diameter and torsion degree. A wrong direction of MD in the first step was observed in two rabbits in Groups 4 and 5. Torsion signs were observed only in Group 3. Rest torsion was observed in Groups 3 and 5 after extra-scrotal fixation. Histopathological examinations showed that testicular damage increased in parallel to torsion duration. Conclusions Extra-scrotal fixation after MD along with CDU may be a simple and minimally invasive treatment option in TT therapy. However, this must be verified with further studies.

Fetal lung maturation is an extremely important process that is necessary for the survival of the neonates. Conventionally, corticosteroids are administered maternally for inducing fetal lung maturation in preterm fetuses. Alternatively, single-dose intra-amniotic (IA) treatment might be speculated to improve lung maturity. In the goat model, we recently showed that high-dose IA betamethasone (BM) was associated with an increased number of stillbirths and emphysematous changes. The aim of the present study is to expand our previous findings and evaluate the histopathological effects of IA injection of a single high-dose of BM 48 h before induced preterm delivery, using our previously collected specimens.Five hair goat fetal lungs that had received 8 mg/kg IA BM at gestational day 118 (term, 150 days) and scheduled for preterm delivery by cesarean section at day 120 of gestation were examined pathologically. Specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and were interpreted by light microscopy.The histopathological examination of the fetal lungs revealed edema, hemorrhage, slight inflammatory reaction, marked emphysema, and desquamation of the pneumocytes and bronchiolar or bronchial epithelial cells.High-dose IA BM administrations to induce lung maturation can paradoxically cause severe pathological lesions in the fetal lungs. These might explain the toxic effects we encountered with this mode of treatment.Fetal akciğer matürasyonu, yenidoğan sağkalımı için zarurî olan çok önemli bir süreçtir. Kortikosteroitler, mutat olarak preterm fetüste akciğer matürasyonunu sağlamak için anneye uygulanmaktadır. Bunun yerine, tek doz intra-amniyotik (İA) tedavinin de akciğer matüritesini artıracağı ileri sürülebilir. Keçi modelindeki en son çalışmamızda, yüksek doz İA betametazonun (BM) ölü doğumlarda artış ve amfizematöz değişiklikler ile ilişkili olduğunu gösterdik. Mevcut çalışmadaki amacımız; önceki bulgularımızı genişleterek, indüklenmiş preterm doğumdan 48 saat önce tek ve yüksek dozda İA BM sonrasında, elimizdeki materyaller üzerinde histopatolojik değişikliklerin gösterilmesidir.Gebeliğin 118. gününde (term, 150 gün) 8 mg/kg İA BM verilen ve 120. günde sezaryen ile preterm doğum planlanan beş kıl keçisi fetüsüne ait akciğerler patolojik incelemeye alındı. Numuneler hematoksilin ve eozin (HE) ile boyanarak ışık mikroskopisi altında değerlendirildi.Fetal akciğerlerin histopatolojik incelemesinde ödem, kanama, hafif enflamatuvar reaksiyon, belirgin amfizem ve pnömositler ile bronşiyolar veya bronşiyal epitelyum hücrelerinin deskumasyonu saptandı.Akciğer matürasyonu sağlamak için yüksek doz İA BM uygulanması, beklenmedik şekilde fetal akciğerlerde ağır patolojik lezyonlara neden olabilir. Mevcut bulgular, bu tarz tedaviye bağlı toksik bulguların açıklanmasını sağlayabilir.

Coccidiosis is a protozoan disease characterized by acute or chronic diarrhea in lambs and kids. It causes important economical losses. The disease is generally seen in young animals and may result in death because of the hemorrhagic enteritis. Inflammatory mediators play an important role in the pathogenicity of the disease. Numerous studies are available on the serum activities of cytokines, chemokines and acute phase proteins that provide important knowledge about the pathogenesis of the disease. In this study coccidiosis was examined clinically, parasitologically, cytologically, pathologically and immunohistochemically in lambs and kids. This study showed a relation between oocyst count and severity of cytological or histopathological findings. Lesions were generally localized in the small intestines, especially in the villus epithelium. The cytokine reaction at the gut lesions was examined by immunohistochemical methods. Marked increases were observed in all of the examined cytokine and chemokines. The most abundant expression was observed in interleukin-1α and interferon-γ, followed by interleukin-10, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor necrosis factor-β, interferon-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-2. This study indicates that cytokines and chemokines play an important role and may be used for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes in coccidiosis.

Effects of endosulfan toxicity on testes and testosterone inhibition, and the effect of Vitamin C were studied in twenty-four male New Zealand White rabbits, divided into four groups, and given during 6 weeks either endosulfan alone, endosulfan and Vitamin C together, Vitamin C alone or the corn oil vehicle for endosulfan alone (control). Serum testosterone concentration decreased in response to endosulfan alone, but concurrent treatment with Vitamin C ameliorated the toxic effect on serum testosterone. The endosulfan regimen caused gross hyperemia and slight hemorrhage in some testes but histopathological findings of severe degeneration and necrosis in testes of some rabbits amplified the evidence of toxicity, as also did the severe apoptotic activity observed in Sertoli and Leydig cells. In contrast, concurrent treatment with Vitamin C significantly ameliorated other aspects of endosulfan toxicity. The findings relate to potential adverse effects of indiscriminate use of pesticides on human and animal fertility.

The aim of this study was to examine the coagulation profile in peste des petits ruminant (PPR) in kids. Five kids from a group of 150 animals (72 goats and 78 kids) were brought to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from a farm in Burdur province (Turkey) with nasal and ocular discharges and diarrhea. Fifteen goats and 41 kids had died due to diarrhea and three kids were presented to the Department of Pathology for diagnosis. Blood samples were taken from 12 ill animals (infected group) for haematological and biochemical analysis. In addition, five healthy kids were examined from another healthy flock (control group). Leukocyte and lymphocyte numbers of infected group showed significant declinations in comparison to control group (≤0.001). Haemorrhages in all organs of digestive system and small haemorrhagic areas in liver were caused to decrease in erythrocyte and haematocrit values (p ≤ 0.001) in infected group. Concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p ≤ 0.01) and creatinine (p ≤ 0.001) in infected group were significantly higher than control group. Compared to control group, significant increases were determined in serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p ≤ 0.01), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p ≤ 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p ≤ 0.001) in the infected group. No significant differences were observed between the infected and control groups for serum gamma glutamyl-transferase (GGT) concentration value. In our study, thrombocytopenia (p ≤ 0.001) together with prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT; p ≤ 0.01) and prothrombin time (PT; p ≤ 0.001) may show that disseminated intravascular coagulopathy which can occur in kids with PPR.

The neurotoxic effects and acetylcholinesterase inhibition induced by endosulfan, and the amelioration of these effects by Vitamin C (Vit C), were studied in the brains of New Zealand white rabbits. The cerebrum and cerebellum of each rabbit was examined grossly and histopathologically, and caspase-3 activity was determined by immunohistochemical methods. Twenty-four rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 6). Rabbits in Group I (END) were given a sublethal dose of endosulfan (1 mg/kg bw) in corn oil daily by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Group II (END + C) received the same dose of endosulfan and also Vit C (20 mg/kg bw) every second day during the 6 week period. Group III (OIL + C) received oral corn oil daily and Vit C every second day for 6 weeks. Group IV (OIL) received corn oil daily by oral gavage throughout the experiment. A significant reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in the END group, which was ameliorated in the END + C group. Hyperemia and slight hemorrhages in brains and cerebellums were seen in some rabbits in the END group. There were no gross cerebral or cerebellar lesions in the other groups. Hemorrhages, degenerations and slight gliosis were the marked histopathological findings of some rabbits belonging to the END group. A positive caspase-3 reaction was more severe in the END group than in the others. An ameliorating effect of Vit C on gross, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings was observed in the END + C group. Thus, although endosulfan could cause neurotoxic effects in rabbits, this toxicity was decreased by Vit C treatment, which increased serum acetylcholinesterase activity.

Twenty 3- to 7-week-old New Zealand rabbits from 2 different production facilities were presented to the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy, with symptoms of abdominal distension, diarrhea, and bruxism. The rabbit production facilities maintain approximately 1500 and 200 animals, respectively. The owners of both facilities stated that the rabbits were fed commercial cattle feed that contained high levels of energy and low fiber. Abdominal distention and diarrhea were the most prominent clinical signs affecting the diseased rabbits. Mortality rates at the 2 production facilities were 35% and 15%, respectively. Oral antibiotic treatment was prescribed by the veterinary practitioner who initially saw the cases, but there was no therapeutic response in the diseased rabbits. Affected rabbits were then presented to the pathology department at the University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy for diagnostic necropsy. The gross necropsy results revealed gastric and jejunal distention with fluid and gas, cecal impaction, and colonic distention with mucoid exudate. Histopathologically, marked goblet cell hyperplasia of small intestinal mucosa with minimal bacterial proliferation was observed. After the diagnosis of enteropathy was confirmed, conversion to a higher-fiber, lower-energy diet was recommended. After the dietary change, affected animals recovered and there were no other deaths reported. Additionally, electron microscopy studies showed that viral particles were present in the intestinal epithelial cells. These results support the hypothesis that an inappropriate diet was the primary cause of the mucoid enteropathy, and that the concurrent viral infection was more likely an incidental finding and not a significant contributor to the disease process.

There are three main types of left-turn control at signalized intersections: permitted, protected, and protected–permitted. Determining left-turn signal control types is one of the major elements in traffic signal design and operations, and it is a systematic approach involving complex decision rules. Existing guidelines for determining left-turn signal control have been primarily based on traffic volume, delay, geometry, crash experience, and other related factors. Such guidelines are generally presented in a flowchart format. One of the major shortcomings of the existing guidelines is that a single variable could dominate the decision process and thereby prevent a balanced consideration of all other important variables. A new guideline for determining left-turn control types mostly applicable to conventional left-turn displays is presented. The current format is designed for a four-leg intersection configuration; however, it can be easily adapted to the other formats. The guideline is based on the principles of multicriterion decision analysis and provides an index-based recommendation: a numerical scale is used to compare each type of left-turn control with the others instead of an absolute left-turn control type. With the data collected from the field, it is shown that the proposed guideline can be calibrated and tailored to specific left-turn control policies. Therefore, the guideline can be easily adapted by any jurisdiction.

A 13-year-old female Pointer dog was presented for evaluation of mammary tumours and bloody vaginal discharge at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. On the history, owner complained of mammary tumours and bloody vaginal discharge. Three mammary tumours and lymphadenopathy at the mammary lymph nodes were observed at the clinical examination. A big, firm, palpable mass was found in the abdominal cavity. Vaginal cytology revealed numerous pleomorphic and anaplastic cells. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated a large mid-abdominal mass at the distal part of the left uterine horn. Also multiple masses in the cervix and vagina were found. Because of the poor prognosis and the desire of the owner, the bitch was killed. At the necropsy numerous masses were seen at the vagina and cervix and one big mass seen at the left cornu uteri. Histopathological diagnosis was leiomyoma. Multiple metastases of mammary tumours were seen at the lungs. Histopathologically, mammary tumours were diagnosed as complex type tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma. The objectives of this study were to measure the proliferation indices in canine complex type mammary adenocarcinoma and genital leiomyomas using immunohistochemical detection of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen to determine the relationship of these antigens to clinical and pathologic variables; and to examine the immunoreactivity of these tumours with different markers. Pan-cytokeratin and S100 were negative, desmin and glial fibriler acidic protein were slight positive and the other markers (carsinoembryogenic antigen, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, p53, fibronectin, Ki67) were found strong positive at the genital tumours. Only desmin were negative; the other markers were strong positive at the mammary tumours.

After very hot summer, 22 sheep from 5 different flocks consisting of approximately 150–200 animals each were diagnosed with facial eczema in September 2005, in southwest Turkey. Photophobia, corneal opacity, severe ulcers of the facial skin, especially localized around the eyes and mouth, and 3% mortality were the most prominent clinical symptoms. GGT levels of the animals were very high and varying between 261- 328 U/l. While the activities of ALT and total bilirubin were elevated and AST was normal in affected sheep. Total bilirubin level was higher than normal. Seven of the 22 sheep were euthanatized and necropsy was performed on all of these animals. Severe icterus, hepatomegaly, enlarged gallbladder, congestion of mesenteric vessels were the common necropsy findings. Histopathological changes of the liver included necrosis of the hepatocytes, cholangiohepatitis characterized by mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate in the portal area and mild to severe fibrosis around bile ducts. A diagnosis of sporidesmin toxicosis was made based on the histopathology of the livers, the elevation in liver enzymes, and the development of cutaneous lesions consistent with photosensitization and high spore counts in the ruminal contents. Surviving sheep were treated with procaine penicillin + dihidrostreptomycin sulfate, multivitamin complexes and flunixin meglumine. Additionally, zinc sulphate was also given at a dose of 6 gr per 100 lt drinking water for 28 days. All treated sheep recovered. Pasture spore counts were between 96,300- 267,500 spores/g grass.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of aspirin (AS) and vitamin C (VC) against cardiac damage induced by chronic corn syrup (CS) consumption via a mechanism involving sirtuin-1 (ST-1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1? (HIF-1?), and the caspase-3 pathway in rats. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (14-16 weeks) that weighed 250-300 g were randomly distributed into 5 groups, each containing 8 rats: control group, CS+AS group, CS+VC group, CS+AS+VC group, and CS group. AS (10 mg/kg/day) and VC (200 mg/kg/day) were orally given to the rats. F30 (30% fructose syrup solution) was given to the rats in drinking water for 6 weeks. The rats were sacrificed by exsanguination 24 h after the last administration. Blood samples and tissue were collected for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test used for the parameters without normal distribution and ANOVA and post-hoc LSD tests were used for parameters with a normal distribution to compare groups. Results: Uric acid, creatine kinase (CKMB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were increased in the CS group compared with the control group (1.45±0.39 and p=0.011; 3225.64±598.25 and p=0.004; 3906.83±1064.22 and p=0.002, respectively) and decreased in all the treatment groups. In addition, increased levels of MDA and decreased activity of CAT in the CS group (0.172±0.03 and p=0.000; 0.070±0.005 and p=0.007, respectively) were reversed with AS and VC therapy. A decrease in ST-1 activity and increases in caspase-3 and HIF-1 activities corrected by VC and AS therapy were observed. Conclusion: AS and VC, which display antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities, ameliorated cardiac damage induced by chronic fructose consumption by increasing the levels of ST-1 and decreasing the levels of HIF-1? and caspase-3. © 2016 by Turkish Society of Cardiology.

Vasculitis is an unusual complication of cystic fibrosis (CF), normally affecting patients with more severe lung disease. Typical presentation is with skin disease but other organ involvement has been reported. Systemic response to bacterial colonisation and immune complex deposition secondary to chronic airway inflammation is thought to be underlying mechanism of the disease. The authors describe a 28-year-old female Turkish patient with CF presented with fever and arthralgias. The patient was known to have chronic Pseudomonas infection; therefore, a respiratory tract infection was assumed and the patient was treated with imipenem and amikacin for 14 days. Following through investigations of fever of unknown origin, Takayasu's arteritis was identified and the patient responded well to immunosuppression with corticosteroid.