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Aiming at the problems of long design cycle and unshakable information of pendulum impact testing machine, the behavior model­ing method and parametric design of Pro/E were studied. Based on the pendulum impact testing machine model, the parametric design plat­form of pendulum impact testing machine was established. Pro/web. Link development tool was used to carry out secondary development of Pro/E, which realized the interaction between web pages and model database, and enabled designers to directly operate the model on the web pages. Pro/E behavior modeling method was applied to model design. The geometric dimensions of pendulum and pendulum rod parts were optimized with the minimum absolute value of the distance between the impact center of pendulum and the center of mass of pendulum assem­bly as the optimization objective. The results indicate that the online parametric design of pendulum impact testing machine can be realized by using Pro/Web. Link secondary development tool, and the dimension is optimized by Pro/E behavior modeling method, so that there is no additional force at the center of rotation of pendulum. The method greatly improves the design efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roof receives heat directly from the solar radiation and outdoor air, and the heat transfer of the roof is often greater than that of any external wall. The building roof is usually overheated in summer, causing a great increase in the air conditioning load and negative effects on indoor thermal comfort. Thus improving the thermal insulation performance of the roof is essential for reducing air conditioning energy consumption and improving indoor thermal comfort. In this paper, an innovative pipe-embedded ventilation roof with outer-layer shape-stabilized PCM (named VRSP for short) was proposed. The heat gain is stored in the PCM to migrate excessive heat during the day and released through air ventilation at night. A three-dimensional transient-state heat transfer model of the VRSP system was built by CFD. The effects of phase transition temperature range of PCM, thickness of PCM layer and airflow rate in the ventilation duct on the thermal performance of the structure in five representative climate regions of China were evaluated. Results show that the optimum phase transition temperature ranges of PCM in severe cold region, cold region, hot summer and cold winter region, hot summer and warm winter region and mild region are 31–33 °C, 34–36 °C, 36–38 °C, 34–36 °C and 29–31 °C, respectively. The optimum thicknesses of the PCM layer are 25–30 mm, 25–30 mm, 30–35 mm, 25–30 mm and 20–25 mm, respectively. The suitable airflow rates are 1.5–1.9 m/s, 1.6–2.0 m/s, 2.1–2.5 m/s, 1.9–2.3 m/s and 1.4–1.8 m/s, respectively. The conclusion provides valuable guides for the application of VRSP under various climate conditions. • A pipe-embedded ventilation roof with shape-stabilized PCM is proposed. • Effects of physical properties of PCM and airflow rates are investigated. • The new system is optimized for its applications in different climate zones. • Considerable energy-saving effects are observed in Kunming, Harbin and Beijing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and utilization of renewable energy sources can not only effectively reduce carbon dioxide emissions, but also provide access to electricity to more parts of the world. A standalone hybrid system based on renewable sources is a promising way to supply reliable and continuous power in remote areas to which the grid has not extended. This paper designs and investigates a photovoltaics (PV)-wind-hydropower station with pumped-storage installation (HSPSI) hybrid energy system in Xiaojin, Sichuan, China as case of study. HSPSI can use the available flow of the river and store surplus energy generated from wind and PV by pumping water from the lower reservoir to the upper one. From the perspective of the investors, the techno-economic index is usually used to design the PV-wind-HSPSI hybrid energy system which aims to find the optimal configure with maximum power supply reliability and minimum investment cost. The trade-off analysis between the two objectives is based on Pareto optimality theory by means of Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). Besides, this paper takes the curtailment rate (CR) of the wind and PV power into consideration due to policy requirements. The relationship between the two objectives under various CR are analyzed and compared. Several results can be obtained as follows: 1) Comparing with the PV-HSPSI and wind-HSPSI hybrid energy system, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the PV-wind-HSPSI hybrid energy system can reduce by 32.8% and 45.0% respectively. 2) For the PV-wind-HSPSI hybrid energy system, the LCOE can be as low as 0.091 $/kWh when 5% LPSP can be acceptable. 3) The policy of CR is unfavorable for the investors which leads to a higher investment cost. 4) Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) performs better than genetic algorithm (GA) and Simulated Annealing method (SA) with a least LCOE. 5) both MOPSO and weighted sum approach (WSA) have a good performance to find the Pareto fronts and its hypervolume indicator (HV) is calculated. • A real PV-wind-HSPSI hybrid system is designed in Xiaojin, Sichuan, China. • The curtailment rate is introduced into the techno-economic index. • The LCOE can be as low as 0.091 $/kWh when 5% LPSP can be acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The method and results of the aerodynamic research of the vertical axis wind power plants (WPP) with an axisymmetric stator are considered. The work objective is to show the application perspectiveness of vertical axis wind-power plants of the specified type for the national economy. Materials and Methods. The technique of virtual aerodynamic blasting and the corresponding design optimization at the specified criterion are used to perform the tasks. Within the framework of this technique, numerical aerodynamic analysis of a single rotor of the given type, and of the “rotor + socket” system before and after the optimization at the specified parameters of the freestream and rotor spinning is performed. When comparing the power of the obtained optimized WPP design with analogs, other things being equal, the aerodynamic similarity method is used. Research Results. Representative patterns of the aerodynamic flow around the investigated WPP type are obtained before and after the optimization. The distinctive distributions of the scalar and vector fields at the given parameters of the freestream and rotor spinning are studied. Dependent graphs are plotted against the linear freestream velocity for the projections of the rotor shaft moment (with WPP standard and optimized forms), as well as for the corresponding useful and side powers. A comparison of the power of the optimized WPP under consideration, and analogues, other factors being equal, is made. Discussion and Conclusions. The application perspectiveness of the vertical axis wind turbines with an axisymmetric stator designed to create useful interference with the rotor in order to increase useful shaft power is shown. Such wind power plants meet and exceed, at any rate upon the average, the corresponding classical vertical axis structures.

The microstructure of the interdigital capacitive humidity sensor plays a critical role in achieving high sensitivity in measurements. Performing a quantitative evaluation to assess the influence of structural parameters on sensor sensitivity is vital for improving the overall performance of the sensor. In this paper, a theoretical mathematical model and a structural uncertainty propagation model are developed for the interdigitated capacitive humidity sensor, considering the uncertain errors that occur during the processing and measurement processes. A quantitative analysis is conducted to investigate the impact of each structural component and its corresponding uncertainty on the output sensitivity. Moreover, by integrating the two constructed models, the paper formulates an optimal equation for sensor performance that mitigates the impact of structural errors on the system while improving sensor sensitivity. Researchers have the flexibility to adjust sensor material, environmental conditions, structural components, and other parameter variables within the model, according to specific application requirements, to achieve the optimal design scheme for a sensor with specific materials and structure. The proposed method and model presented in this article have undergone verification using finite element physical simulation. The sensitivity model achieves an accuracy rate of 94.45%, whereas the uncertainty model achieves an accuracy rate of 81.96%. Additionally, the model reduces the calculation time to 1/550th and the required computational resources to 1/5th of the simulation, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of sensor optimization design. • Establish a mathematical model for the electric field of the interdigital capacitive humidity sensor to offer theoretical support for optimizing sensor performance. • Propose an improved uncertainty analysis method that enables a quantitative assessment of the influence of microstructural errors on the sensor's sensitivity. • Develop a flexible sensor optimization scheme that can improve sensor sensitivity while minimizing the effect of structural errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The application of LCL filters has become popular for inverters connected to the power grid due to their advantages in harmonic current reductions. However, the power grid in a distribution system is non-ideal, presenting itself as a voltage source with significant impedance. This means that an inverter using an LCL filter may interact with other grid-connected inverters via the non-ideal grid. In this paper, damping optimization of LCL filters to reduce this interaction is studied for a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). Simulation results show that resonant oscillation occurs in a distributed power grid, even if the VSI with an LCL filter is well designed for standalone applications. A small-signal analysis is performed to predict this stability problem and to locate the boundary of the instability using an impedance approach. Based on these analytical results, optimized damping of the LCL filter can be designed. The oscillation phenomena and optimized damping design are verified by simulations and experimental measurements.

In recent decades, the development of electronic technology has provided opportunities for the Internet of Things, biomedicine, and energy harvesting. One of the challenges of the Internet of Things in the electrification era is energy supply. Centralized energy supply has been tested over hundreds of years of history, and its advantages such as ideal output power and stable performance are obvious, but it cannot meet the specific needs of the Internet of Things, and distributed energy supply also has a large demand. Since the invention of nanogenerators, another promising solution for fluid energy harvesting has been opened up. The triboelectric nanogenerator is an emerging platform technology for electromechanical energy conversion, which can realize the collection of fluid energy such as wind energy and wave energy. In this paper, we first introduce the fundamentals of triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications in wind and wave energy harvesting devices. We then discuss the methods of device optimization in the next development of TENG and conclude by considering the future prospects and challenges for triboelectric nanogenerator harvesting devices.

In order to design an involute spline made of PEEK (polyetheretherketone)-based material with better performance and improve the design rules of involute splines, initially, an involute splines design theory for PEEK (polyetheretherketone)-based materials is presented, which combines international standards (ISO 4156, 1. 2. 3, 2005), American standards (ANSI B92.2M. 1989), and traditional empirical formulas. Second, using the involute splines calibration method in international standards as a guide, we developed the involute splines calibration method for PEEK-based materials by estimating the impact of energy consumption caused by viscoelasticity on temperature field calibration. Next, the contact characteristics of the designed spline were analyzed using ABAQUS2022 software to confirm the accuracy and reliability of the design and calibration methods. Finally, finite element simulation was used to analyze the influence of different pressure angles, moduli, combined lengths, and other parameters on the contact characteristics of the spline in order to realize the optimal design of PEEK-based material involute splines, to offer a theoretical foundation and improved design methodology for cylindrical straight-tooth involute splines.

We leverage the crucial hyperelastic properties of a multifunctional structured surface to optimize the reconfigurability of the electromagnetic transmission under large nonlinear mechanical deformations. This multiphysics, multifunctional, hyperelastic structured surface (HSS) offers two simultaneous intriguing functionalities; tunability and switchability. It is made of copper resonators and a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, which is one of the most favorable deformable substrates due to its hyperelastic behavior. The proposed HSS is fabricated via an original cost-effective technique and the multiphysics functionalities are captured in both experimental tests and numerical simulations. Leveraging the hyperelastic behavior, we demonstrate up to 8% percent shift in the resonance frequency in the GHz range, for average applied mechanical strains of around 17%. The hyperelastic deformations can continuously increase/decrease the magnitude of the scattering parameter S21 in the frequency range of 10.9 GHz to 11.8 GHz by more than 40 dB, changing from being largely transparent to opaque and vice versa. The potential of hyperelastic behavior to account for the multifunctionality of the HSS is validated experimentally.

In electric motors, the use of rare-earth magnets has been increasing rapidly. A stronger magnet force of the magnet enables the motor’s higher performance, resulting in the most high-performance motors generally using rare-earth magnets. However, these magnets have two crucial disadvantages: the potential restrictions on the supply of rare-earth magnetic materials and the sharp fluctuation in price. Thus, many recent researches focus on developing high-performance electric motors and reducing the use of critical rare-earth magnets. By increasing the torque density of the motor, we can reduce the use of permanent magnets. Focusing on this point, and we presented a double half permanent magnet (DHPM)-type vernier motor. This paper proposed a new saddle coil permanent magnet vernier motor with improved performance compared to its predecessor. The main feature of the proposed motor is that the permanent magnet and coil in the stator of a DHPM-type vernier motor is replaced by salient poles and saddle coils, respectively. We also investigate its characteristics through various simulations.

A cryogen-free portable 3 T high-temperature superconducting magnet for an electromagnetic property measurement system has been developed to serve as a user facility at the Korea Basic Science Institute. The metallic insulation method was adopted to reduce the charging delay without sacrificing the self-protecting feature. A genetic-algorithm-aided optimized design was carried out to minimize the superconducting tape consumption while satisfying several design constraints. After the design, the compact high-temperature superconducting magnet composed of eight double-pancake coil modules was wound with high-temperature superconducting tape and stainless steel tape, and integrated with a two-stage cryo-cooler. The 3 T magnet was successfully cooled to approximately 20 K with a cryo-cooler and reached the target field of 3 T without any problems. Long-term measurements and a range of other tests were also implemented to verity the performance of the magnet. Test results demonstrated the feasibility of a cryogen-free portable high-temperature superconducting magnet system for electromagnetic property measurement experiments.

• An energy harvesting type piezoelectric ultrasonic actuator (H-PUA) is proposed. • It can harvest the stator vibration energy and covert it into electric energy. • Numerical and experimental research on its mechanical and energetic characteristics. • The mechanical characteristics such as the no-load speed and stalling torque reach 112 rpm and 0.78 Nm, respectively. • The harvesting output power of a sector area reaches 54 mW, which can power some low-power electric devices. Piezoelectric ultrasonic actuators (PUA) are fascinating and precision-controlled actuators in some mechatronics systems. This study proposed an energy harvesting type piezoelectric ultrasonic actuator (H-PUA) and investigated its mechanical and energetic characteristics. The proposed H-PUA has a sandwich-type stator composed of a metal body, an exciting piezoelectric (PZT) ring and a harvesting PZT ring. The exciting PZT ring bonded on the bottom surface of the stator was used to produce a traveling wave, and the harvesting PZT ring bonded on the top surface of the stator was used to harvest the vibration-induced energy of the stator and convert it into electric energy. Sensitivity analysis method was used to optimize the stator structure. Finite element analysis using ANSYS software was performed for both the mechanical and energetic characteristics of the new actuator. A prototype H-PUA was fabricated and subsequently used to test the mechanical and energetic characteristics. When the rotor torque is zero and the pre-pressure is 100 N, the prototype H-PUA has mechanical output characteristics of no-load speed 112 rpm and stalling torque 0.78 Nm when the exciting voltage amplitude is 152 V 0−p with frequency 36.0 kHz. The maximum harvesting output power of a sector area of the harvesting PZT ring reaches 54 mW when it is connected to an optimized load resistance 11 kΩ. Experiments have shown that the harvesting output energy can fully meet with the power supply demands of some low-power (i.e., mW/μW level) mechatronics systems, such as LED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For the design of mirrors in the use of remote camera, high stiffness and less mass are the most critical facts. In this paper, SiC/Al composite material was selected as the material of the mirror. The precise constrains with six degree of freedom was adopted for optimizing the mirror in the diameter of Φ400mm. Traditional empirical design method was used to determine the initial shape parameters of the mirror. The RMS value of the surface shape error and mass were set as the goal of optimization. The Pareto front of the multi-objective parameters was obtained and the objective function was processed to determine the optimal design of the mirror. The results show that the mirror after optimization achieved better performance. Compared with mirror designed with experience-basedmethod, the lightweight ratio of the mirror is increased by 9.1%. The mass is reduced by 12.9% compared with the mirror in the material of SiC. The optimized design method and results of the mirror in this paper can provide a reference for the application of mirrors of the high volume fraction SiC/Al composite material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional hydraulic transmission system for wheel loaders is inefficient and, in power matching, prevents improvement in performance during spading and transport. This paper proposes a power reflux hydraulic transmission system (PRHTS) with a capacity adjustment device, which retains both flexible transmission and the advantages of the low-speed high-torque characteristics while improving transmission efficiency, and the capacity adjustment device can meet the requirements for the capacity factor of the hydraulic transmission system during spading and transport. Based on numerical calculations and an analysis of the basic characteristics of the proposed PRHTS, a method for the optimal design of power matching systems for wheel loaders is proposed. The results for matching show that compared with traditional hydraulic transmission systems, the proposed method increases the range of the high-efficiency working area (η ≥ 75%) during transport by 384 r·min–1, enhances average efficiency during transport by 10.99%, reduces the average working fuel consumption rate by 10.61 g·(kW·h)–1, and increases the average output power by 36.72 kW while ensuring the original power performance and fuel economy of the wheel loader during spading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volume of online consumer-generated content, such as opinions, personal feelings, and design requirements continually increases. However, the analysis of the large quantity of data available is not systematic, and customers' opinions and requirements are not properly utilized in product design. In this study, big data on customers' experience with front loading washers, represented by reviews and ratings on the BestBuy website, were collected and used to analyze the relationship between the customers' experience and the associated satisfaction by using text analytics. Words related to customer satisfaction that occurred frequently in the reviews were extracted, and the most significant words among them were selected as inputs for finding the major factors relevant to washer design by performing factor analysis. The influence of each factor was quantitatively estimated through linear regression analysis. This shows that the quantitatively elicited customer information from the big data can provide insights for new washing machine design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double layer micro-channel heat sink (DLMCHS) has been widely used in various electronic devices; however, the existence of the nonuniform thermal strain distribution in actual operation has adverse effect on the overall stability. In this paper, two optimized designs of DLMCHS with cutting baffles on top and bottom layers are presented based on the traditional DLMCHS. The heat transfer and thermal stress performance are numerically analyzed and compared with the traditional DLMCHS. The results indicate that cutting baffles of micro-channels remarkably improves heat transfer and thermal stress performance. The optimized design with cutting baffles on the bottom layer decreases thermal strain but deteriorates heat transfer performance. The model with cutting baffles on the top layer has better combined thermal strain and heat transfer performance, which reduces thermal strain by about 1.5 times and enhances heat transfer by about 26.5%. For the design with cutting baffles on the top board, adding metal foam in the inlet collector can decrease the total minimum thermal strain by 51.4% and maximum temperature by 1.4 K, and increase the Nusselt number by 15%. These results indicate that DLMCHS with cutting baffles on the top layer has great potential for thermal managements on electronic devices with high power density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technical parameters of synthesizing N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) from citric acid and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) were optimized using a Box-Behnken model of response surface methodology. Statistical analysis showed the quantum yield was significantly affected by reaction time and Tris weight. The optimal synthesis conditions were reaction temperature at 170 °C, reaction time of 4.50 h and Tris weight of 0.70 g, with the quantum yield up to 82.4%. The N-CQDs probe was further applied for Cd2+ detection. The fluorescence intensity and Cd2+ concentration were linearly related in the range of 20-300 µg·L−1 with a relation coefficient of 0.9956 and a detection limit of 20.69 µg·L−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Experiments of electromagnetic pump for liquid sodium were carried out. • A new model to predict developed pressure was proposed based on theoretical analyses. • Optimized design was presented based on the capacity analyses and test results. Abstract The electromagnetic pump (EMP) was a critical device and widely applied in Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFR) to deliver liquid sodium. Annular linear induction pump (ALIP) showed relatively higher efficiency than other pumps. Equivalent circuit method was commonly adopted to design the ALIP. Hence, a theoretical model between flow rate and developed pressure of EMP was proposed after detailed deduction based on equivalent circuit theory. To verify the theoretical model, some tests of ALIP were conducted to investigate the characteristic of volume flow rate and developed pressure. Besides, sodium temperature limitation test was also accomplished to test the heat dissipation ability of winding coils through natural air-cooling, results showed that the limit was about 270 °C. Performance analyses was carried out through proposed model which has been verified by experimental results. It turned out that power frequency has positive effect on the pump, whereas sodium temperature showed converse results. Furthermore, the developed pressure increased fast first and then turn to decrease gradually as the annular flow channel width increases. Finally an optimized design was put forward after combining theoretical analyses and experimental research. Compared to the previous ALIP, the volume flow rate, developed pressure and efficiency increased from 9.07 m3·h−1, 386.96 kPa and 28.6% to 10.0 m3·h−1, 574.55 kPa and 48.11% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Seismic response of offshore wind turbine is investigated via centrifuge modelling. • Mechanisms of the structural performance during the earthquake are explained. • Failure modes of soil and soil-structure interactions are demonstrated. • Influences of the wheel specification are illustrated. Abstract Some large capacity offshore wind turbines are constructed in seismically active areas. The occurrence of soil liquefaction during an earthquake can result in severe failures of the offshore wind turbine. The seismic response of the structure and the failure mechanism of the soil-structure interactions are necessary to investigate. In this study, the seismic response of an innovative hybrid monopile foundation is investigated through a series of centrifuge tests. The seismic performance of the combined system of the superstructure, foundation, and soil are demonstrated. Five hybrid foundation models are tested by considering the influence of the foundation thicknesses and diameters, and a monopile foundation is tested for comparison. Centrifuge test results reveal that the hybrid monopile foundation is effective in reducing the lateral displacement during the shaking. In the saturated condition, soil keeps its strength and stiffness beneath and adjacent to the foundation. The hybrid foundation system tends to settle more due to the larger shear stress caused by the soil structure interactions. Influences of the wheel specifications are illustrated. The foundations with larger thicknesses lead to smaller lateral displacements and lower tendencies of liquefaction, but the settlements are intensified. The larger diameter foundation provides a longer drainage path for the excess pore water pressure. With a similar weight, the structure settles less during the earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial freedom of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems can be improved using a high operating frequency such as several megahertz (MHz). In the conventional compensations the load of the coupling coils is usually assumed to be pure resistive. However, in MHz WPT systems this assumption is not accurate anymore due to the nonneglectable rectifier input reactance. This paper discusses the impedance characteristics of the full-bridge rectifier at MHz and their influence under the series–series, parallel–series, series–parallel, and parallel–parallel compensation topologies. An undesirable nonzero phase (i.e., none unity power factor) is shown to exist at the primary input port, which leads to decreased power transfer capability. In order to minimize this negative effect, the compensation capacitors are optimally designed, and the series–series topology is found to have the smallest phase under load and coupling variations. Finally, an experimental 6.78 MHz system is built up to verify the optimized design of the compensation capacitors. The results show that the average nonzero phase is effectively reduced together with the improved power factor from 0.916 to 0.982. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erbium-doped antiresonant reflecting optical wave- guides (ARROWs) allow combining wavelength selective guiding due to their attractive spectral versatility with an active operation. In this letter, the analysis and design of a ring-type erbium-doped ARROW amplifier is presented. The influence of the involved passive and active parameters (ring thickness and diameter, refractive index variation, pump and signal wavelengths, Er3+-ion concentration, and input pump power) on the spectral response of the structure and the optical power propagation losses and on the amplifier performance is numerically analysed. The opposite influence of the ring diameter on the optical power confinement and on the pump power density causes the existence of a diameter value that maximizes the amplifier net gain. For a cladding refractive index of 1.4 and moderate index variations, $\Delta n = 0.2 -0.4$ , the optimum ring diameter is in the range of 20 $\mu \text{m}$. To compensate signal confinement losses (a few dB/cm), high erbium concentrations ($\sim 1\times 10^{26}$ ion/m3) are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem that during the unfolding of the solar wing, the air-float hanging slider is biased to the side of the transverse rail, causing the air floating cushion fallen off and the transverse rail stuck, the stress and deformation of anti-deaerating floating tower of airfloat rails were studied. After the analysis of anti-deaerating floating tower of air-float rails, a method based on the co-simulation of ADAMS and ANSYS Workbench was proposed. The three-dimensional modeling of air-float rail was established. Then, its multi-body dynamics analysis model was established by importing the model into ADAMS. The maximum dynamic load of the anti-deaerating floating tower during the accelerating movement of the air-float rail on one side of the load was obtained respectively through dynamic simulation analysis. The finite element model was established by ANSYS Workbench, and the static strength analysis of the anti-deaeraing floating tower was performed. The stress and deformation of the tower were calculated, and ANSYS Workbench was used to optimize the structural design of the tower, compared and analyzed anti-deaerating floating tower before and after optimization. The results indicate that the optimized anti-deaerating tower is greatly reduced in stress and deformation, which proves the feasibility of the optimized scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important part of world-class architectural art, Chinese ancient timber architecture has a very high level of artistry and technology. However, these buildings have been seriously damaged in the long history. To inherit and reflect the national characteristics and regional culture, the modern Chinese traditional-style building (MCTB) is newly developed to imitate the appearance of Chinese ancient timber architecture. The base metal of the typical joint area in MCTBs is always fractured under earthquakes because of its rigid characteristics, which is difficult to repair once damaged. To prevent joint failure and improve reparability after earthquakes, steel semi-rigid friction-damped joints with replaceable angles in MCTBs are proposed. Four specimens were fabricated and tested under lateral cyclic loading. The test results showed that the failure of all specimens is mainly concentrated in the weak region of the replaceable angles. Compared with simple semi-rigid joints, the yield displacements of specimens with friction dampers (including shear damper and rotational damper) are obviously larger, and the strength, initial stiffness, cumulative energy dissipation and replaceable capacity are significantly improved. The improvement is more pronounced with the increase of the slip force of the dampers. Based on experimental results, the corresponding numerical models were established to optimize the structural design of steel semi-rigid friction-damped joints with replaceable angles in modern Chinese traditional-style buildings. • A design scheme of steel semi-rigid friction-damped joints in MCTBs was proposed. • Replaceable angles were designed and repairability of proposed joints was verified through tests. • The effect of shear/rotational dampers in steel replaceable semi-rigid joints was verified. • The optimal design solution of proposed joints in MCTBs was provided by FE simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Put forward a kind of skin structure crane optimization design method based on reliability analysis. Considering the randomness of size parameters,material properties and wind load in the skin structure crane design,using Monte-Carlo method of Latin hypercube sampling（ LHS） technique to calculate the reliability of structure system. Through probabilistic sensitivity analysis to determine the optimal design variables,with the total quality of metal structural system of skin structure crane as the goal,to optimize the design by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS,relative to the initial design the quality of skin structure is reduced by 23. 8%,the overall reliability is used effectively,avoids the local reliability surplus,saves manufacturing cost.

The temperature control system is one of the most important subsystems of the strapdown airborne gravimeter. Because the quartz flexible accelerometer based on springy support technology is the core sensor in the strapdown airborne gravimeter and the magnet steel in the electromagnetic force equilibrium circuits of the quartz flexible accelerometer is greatly affected by temperature, in order to guarantee the temperature control precision and minimize the effect of temperature on the gravimeter, the SGA-WZ temperature control system adopts a three-level control method. Based on the design experience of the SGA-WZ-01, the SGA-WZ-02 temperature control system came out with a further optimized design. In 1st level temperature control, thermoelectric cooler is used to conquer temperature change caused by hot weather. The experiments show that the optimized stability of 1st level temperature control is about 0.1 °C and the max cool down capability is about 10 °C. The temperature field is analyzed in the 2nd and 3rd level temperature control using the finite element analysis software ANSYS. The 2nd and 3rd level temperature control optimization scheme is based on the foundation of heat analysis. The experimental results show that static accuracy of SGA-WZ-02 reaches 0.21 mGal/24 h, with internal accuracy being 0.743 mGal/4.8 km and external accuracy being 0.37 mGal/4.8 km compared with the result of the GT-2A, whose internal precision is superior to 1 mGal/4.8 km and all of them are better than those in SGA-WZ-01.

The demand for on-site nanodevices is constantly increasing. The technology development for the design of such devices is highly regarded. In this work, we report the design of a disposable platform that is structured with cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles (cfAuNPs) and we show its applications in immunosensing and enzyme-based detection. The electrochemical reduction of Au(III) allows for the electrodeposition of highly dispersed cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The nanostructures were functionalized using ferrocenylmethyl lipoic acid ester which allowed for the tethering of the ferrocene group to gold, which serves as an electrochemical transducer/mediator. The bioconjugation of the surface with anti-human IgG antibody (α-hIgG) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme yields biosensors, which have been applied for the selective electrochemical detection of human IgG (hIgG) or H2O2 as model analytes, respectively. Parameters such as the number of sweeps, amount of charge generated from the oxidation of the electrodeposited gold, time of incubation and concentration of the ferrocene derivatives have been studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Selectivity and specificity tests have been also performed in the presence of potentially interfering substances to either hIgG or H2O2. Results showed that the devised immunosensor is endowed with good selectivity and specificity in the presence of several folds of competitive analytes. The enzyme-based platform showed a good catalytic activity towards H2O2 oxidation which predestined it to potential applications pertaining to enzymatic kinetics studies. The levels of hIgG in human serum and H2O2 in honey were successfully determined and served as assessment tools of the applicability of the platforms for real samples analysis.

Mechanical signals influence the morphology, function, differentiation, proliferation, and growth of cells. Due to the small size of cells, it is essential to analyze their mechanobiological responses with an in vitro mechanical loading device. Cells are cultured on an elastic silicone membrane substrate, and mechanical signals are transmitted to the cells by the substrate applying mechanical loads. However, large areas of non-uniform strain fields are generated on the elastic membrane, affecting the experiment's accuracy. In the study, finite-element analysis served as the basis of optimization, with uniform strain as the objective. The thickness of the basement membrane and loading constraints were parametrically adjusted. Through finite-element cycle iteration, the "M" profile basement membrane structure of the culture chamber was obtained to enhance the uniform strain field of the membrane. The optimized strain field of culture chamber was confirmed by three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) technology. The results showed that the optimized chamber improved the strain uniformity factor. The uniform strain area proportion of the new chamber reached 90%, compared to approximately 70% of the current chambers. The new chamber further improved the uniformity and accuracy of the strain, demonstrating promising application prospects., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Quantitative evaluation of potential pharmacodynamic (PD) interactions is important in tuberculosis drug development in order to optimize Phase 2b drug selection and ultimately to define clinical combination regimens. In this work, we used simulations to (1) evaluate different analysis methods for detecting PD interactions between two hypothetical anti-tubercular drugs in in vitro time-kill experiments, and (2) provide design recommendations for evaluation of PD interactions. The model used for all simulations was the Multistate Tuberculosis Pharmacometric (MTP) model linked to the General Pharmacodynamic Interaction (GPDI) model. Simulated data were re-estimated using the MTP– GPDI model implemented in Bliss Independence or Loewe Additivity, or using a conventional model such as an Empirical Bliss Independence-based model or the Greco model based on Loewe Additivity. The GPDI model correctly characterized different PD interactions (antagonism, synergism, or asymmetric interaction), regardless of the underlying additivity criterion. The commonly used conventional models were not able to characterize asymmetric PD interactions, i.e., concentration-dependent synergism and antagonism. An optimized experimental design was developed that correctly identified interactions in ≥ 94% of the evaluated scenarios using the MTP–GPDI model approach. The MTP–GPDI model approach was proved to provide advantages to other conventional models for assessing PD interactions of anti-tubercular drugs and provides key information for selection of drug combinations for Phase 2b evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS) is a standard and crucial approach for attitude determination of a ship. To protect the SINS from vibration and shock, we design a Stewart platform based bumper considering the high restoration accuracy requirement of the bumper. However, reset errors of buffer bars and wear of spherical hinges will change structure parameters of the bumper and degrade the restoration accuracy. In this paper, we propose an optimal design methodology for SINS's Stewart platform bumper to improve the restoration accuracy. First, the equation of restoration accuracy was derived using total differential method. Then, based on the equation, objective function, design variables and constraints are designated, so the structural optimization problem was transferred to a numerical optimization question. Later, genetic algorithm (GA) was employed to solve the numerical optimization matter. Afterwards, comparison results among GA, sequence quadratic programming (SQP) method and interior point method indicate that the proposed method can provide optimized structural parameters of SINS's Stewart platform bumper for restoration accuracy, which is 31.81″ at the lever of current mechanical manufacturing lever. Finally, a real shock experiment for optimal designed bumper validates the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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