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A thorough analysis of the examination result encompasses the purpose of assessing the learning progress of the students, the effectiveness of the educators as well as of the educational materials and methods. It provides an important framework for planning and decision support. The analysis of test result is a complicated task which takes time and effort, and so oftentimes is a neglected task. The purpose of this study is to create and evaluate an online test analyzing system that will allow users to enter the test results, determine the difficulty level of each test item as well as the overall difficulty level of the administered test, determine the mean, median and mode of the test scores and provide the marking of the examinee answers and test scores. The validity and reliability of the system were evaluated based on the perception of ten (10) respondents from the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector, carefully selected through judgment sampling. Using the criteria set by ISO/IEC 9126 for software quality, it was found out that the overall mean value (M) and the standard deviation (SD) of the system as rated by the respondent is M=3.79., SD=0.23 and is designated as “Very Satisfactory”. Likewise, in each of the ISO criteria, the respondents’ perception of the system is “Very Satisfactory”, proving that the system conforms to international standards and is therefore valid and reliable.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the ability of college freshmen to successfully use common academic software and manage files. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 39 college freshmen from three college campuses were recruited for the study. An online test environment and screen recording software were used to measure student proficiency in using PDFs, Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel, Gmail, and Windows. Data were collected in September 2013. Findings – Student use of academic technology is common, but their software skills are not comprehensive or deep. Students were most proficient at using PDFs and Microsoft Word. Microsoft Excel tasks were the most difficult for the students, and many struggled to use Gmail to compose a message and send an attachment. Students were able to open a PowerPoint document and view a slideshow, but they were less comfortable navigating the software’s printing environment. Originality/value – Having concrete data about student technology skills, rather than anecdotal data from reference desk interactions, can help librarians design improved instruction and tutorials that target areas of student technology weakness.

The online assessment is a new examination system which has a broad application in many research fields such as medical science and has been proved to be effective, reliable, and robust. The aim of this study was to establish an online testing system for clinical nurses and to assess its effectiveness compared with traditional paper-based tests in China. A randomized controlled trial was performed, a total of 1802 nurses were recruited and randomly assigned to take either the paper-formatted test or the online test. Then the paper quality, examinee's performance and nurses' assessments of online testing system were evaluated. The results shown that online assessment system for clinical nurses had a comparable examination effects with traditional paper-based format, and the nurse spoke highly of its effectiveness and efficiency. These data suggest that online nursing assessments should be considered a dependable replacement for paper test.

Nowadays fostering creativity constitutes an important educational goal, even though teachers notice some difficulties to identify in their students abilities related to the creative thinking. In order to overcome such difficulties teachers should be enabled to apply easy-to-administer tests which allow them to assess students’ creativity levels. The purpose of this study was to devise an easy multiple-choice instrument aimed at evaluating the main mechanisms underlying students’ creativity. A large sample of students attending Primary and Secondary Schools in South Italy were involved. For each age-level an online test was administered. The test consisted of three sections corresponding to the three mental operations identified by the WCR model (Antonietti and coll., 2011a). The widening process (subtest A) concerns the tendency to generate many ideas. The connecting process (subtest C) refers to the capacity to combine different elements in unusual ways. The reorganizing process (subtest R) consists of changing the perspective and inverting relationships among elements. Results suggested that the test is suitable to evaluate the three mental operations involved in creative thinking. In addition, ANOVAs showed some significant age-level differences in widening, connecting and reorganizing abilities, even though a clear developmental trend failed to emerge. Findings supported the evidence that creativity is multidimensional and that the mental mechanisms involved are affected by age- and context-related variables in different ways.

Comparability of paper and online versions of a statewide assessment was evaluated for the purposes of test score reporting, to appropriately adjust equated score conversion tables for students testing online as warranted. In particular, comparability of online and paper tests was designed with a propensity score matching method. The propensity score was used to match the online test sample with the paper–pencil test sample. The results of this study suggest that neither a separate assessment nor a conversion table would be required in a state’s assessment. The online test appears to provide a credible and comparable option to the paper and pencil modality.

Background: Colour vision tests are becoming increasingly available on online platforms to the ordinary internet user. Limited research has been conducted to establish the validity of these tests for use as screening tools for colour deficiency. Aim: To compare the validity of an online version of the Ishihara colour vision test (OV-PSI) with the traditional Ishihara handbook (PSI). Setting: This study was conducted at the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s optometry clinic in Durban, South Africa, in 2014. Methodology: One hundred and twenty participants ( N = 120), between the ages of 18 and 25 years who visited the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s eye clinic between June and August 2014, were recruited to the study. Colour vision testing was administered using the Ishihara 38 plate test and the ColBlindor Ishihara 38 plate colour vision test available online. Both tests were administered on normal sighted university student participants under standardised conditions, and responses were captured on Ishihara recording sheets. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 21. Results: Of the 120 participants, 47.5% were men and 52.5% were women with a mean age of 20.64 ± 2.09 years. Results demonstrated that 5.3% of men ( N = 3) were colour deficient, resulting in a prevalence of colour deficiency for the sampled population of 2.5%. Results of the two testing methods were compared, revealing sensitivities and specificities for both tests of 100%. However, while the online test correctly discriminated colour deficient participants from colour normal participants, it was unable to correctly identify the severity or type of deficiency. Conclusion: The online version of the Ishihara test used in this study proved a valid screening tool for colour vision deficiency. It presents the opportunity for self-screening via convenient online platforms. However, if colour deficiency is detected using this online tool, it is recommended that further clinical investigation be undertaken for a more accurate diagnosis of the extent of colour vision deficiency.

This report focuses on the advantages of the online test method for verifying and evaluating students’ knowledge and skills based on TeSLA PROJECT. Tests are one of the most up-to-date and appropriate methods for verification and assessment, providing massiveness and higher objectivity; allowing for the detection of typical mistakes and difficulties for learners.

The main goal of this research is to design item generation algorithms which can be integrated into the Online Test System developed earlier by the authors. The algorithms will be capable of generating items belong to higher cognitive level based on Bloom Taxonomy from a knowledge map created by a teacher (or co-created by a group of teachers). With the help of such integrated system teachers can reduce the time and effort they spend to prepare tests for assessing students’ mastery and understanding level of what they taught in class. This paper discusses the proposed algorithms in details and explains the experiment design in the end.

Referencias bibliográficas: p. 141-146. En el ámbito de la evaluación del Español como Lengua Extranjera con Fines Académicos (EFA) se requiere de estudios empíricos que den cuenta del proceso de validación de los instrumentos disponibles. En este artículo se presenta un estudio cuantitativo cuyo objetivo es evidenciar la validez de contenido y de apariencia de un prototipo de prueba EFA, en línea, para un nivel B2. Los resultados indican que se trata de un instrumento válido desde la perspectiva de un grupo de expertos y de una muestra de estudiantes extranjeros de intercambio universitario. Abstract: In the field of the assessment of Spanish as a Foreign Language for Academic Purposes (SFA), empirical studies are required to account for the validation process of the available instruments. In this article, a quantitative study is presented whose objective is to demonstrate the validity of content andappearance of an online SFA prototype test for a B2 level. The results indicate that this is a valid instrument from the perspective of a group of experts and a sample of foreign exchange students. Disponible en formato .pdf Sitio web de la revista (Consulta: 19-11-2020)

Asynchronous design style is quite appealing from various perspectives. In particular, several studies confirmed the reliability of asynchronous circuits in harsh environments, being capable to better tolerate power supply and temperature variations with respect to their synchronous counterparts. However, despite these advantages and many others, their applicability (especially in safety-critical scenarios) is quite limited today. Additionally, commercial EDA tools can be hardly used for asynchronous designs; hence, designers are discouraged of using such approaches for their applications. Notably, devices deployed for safety-critical applications must satisfy stringent requirements in order to guarantee the highest level of functional safety. Commonly, on-line testing mechanisms are necessary to achieve standards compliance. Such mechanisms undergo a validation process to assess their effectiveness, fault injection campaigns being the most commonly used. For doing so, designers exploit commercial EDA tools, intended to certificate standard compliance. In this paper, a methodology for the validation of Software Test Libraries (STLs) targeting on-line testing of asynchronous processor cores is proposed. The methodology is based exclusively on commercial tools, currently used in industry for functional safety analysis.

Because of the restriction of glaze technology in the production of ceramic pot, it is easy to cause glaze defects on the surface. Currently, many ceramic pot production enterprises are still using artificial inspection of glaze defect on ceramic surface, which not only affects the ceramic pot production efficiency, but also cannot ensure the defect inspection accuracy. In terms of the current situation, an online inspection method of glaze on the surface of ceramic pot based on machine vision is proposed, so as to rapidly and accurately detect whether the target object has defects. This paper introduces the image processing algorithm of the common defects of ceramic pot, and establishes the online test platform. The experimental results show that the system can effectively glaze defects on the surface of ceramic pot products. This paper has some theoretical and applied value for the development of ceramic pot automatic detection technology.

This study presents a framework for understanding the human activities in home by using 3-D skeleton joints captured by a Kinect sensor. The system is developed for the visual system of home robot to enhance the humane as well as the abundant for robot application. The proposed system treats the human activities as a time series of representative 3D poses data. Since the skeleton joints are encoded into pose vocabularies by Vector Quantization, an activity can be described as a series of poses. Discrete HMMs are trained to classify sequential poses into activity type. Experiments are performed on online test with the average accuracy 95.64% obtained. The experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system in real time application.

This study attempts to identify the online test process of students with different proficiency and gender from the perspective of behavior, aiming to help teachers understand the valuable information about what the students hide behind their reading test behaviors and guide follow-up reading teaching strategies. The study records the students' test-taking behaviors in an online Chinese reading assessment system, and uses lag sequence analysis to explore and compare their behavioral patterns. The results show that the high proficiency students tend to quickly browse all the articles before the test and spend less time reading articles, but spend more time thinking when changing options. By contrast, the low proficiency students tend to read articles slowly as well as change options, suggesting their low confidence. The study also shows that girls use the mark function more often and tend to check the test before submitting it. In addition, compared with boys, girls spend more time on reading and answering the questions. These results demonstrate that girls pay more attentions than boys. Finally, this paper summaries the study limitations and provides suggestions for the future research and teacher teaching.

The development of information technology is changing rapdily. ‘Internet + ’ times has provided new requirements on the cultivation of practical ability and teaching means of the program design courses. Traditional cultivation means and modes cannot adapt to the requirements of new era. This article starts with the practical reforms of program design courses. Aiming at the disconnected knowledge points, poor students’ initiative, the lack of exercises of the integrated projects and the conspicuous contradiction that the hardware of classroom practical teaching can not satisfy the requirements of new application in the traditional practical teaching, the article provides that use the online test system to improve the cultivation of the practical teaching of class information points. Innovative application business and the mode of shared virtual machine add new means of the exercises of integrated items, so as to improve the exercises of students’ practice ability. Through the comparison and analysis, new practical teaching mode can effectively improve students’ study dynamic roles and the ability of independently solving problems and then improve students’ comprehensive practice.

With the development and popularization of computer network in science and education, the traditional way of examination with examination papers, answering mode and score management is undergoing tremendous changes. There are three modules (named administrator, teachers and students) in the students online examination system based on B/S architecture. Functions such as system management, teacher user management, examination paper bank management and issue announcement are belong to the administrator module. The function of the teacher module includes teacher information maintenance, student account management, exam management module, examination paper management, examination paper analysis, result statistics and so on. And the function of the student module includes student information maintenance, online test, score query and other functions.

This paper presents a corpus-based examination of pragmatic marker use in Spanish as a foreign language. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, it examines the frequency and seven functional differences in the use of pues and bueno in the oral examination of 46 participants using the Computer Assisted Screening Tool (CAST) online test. The participants were adult (average age 22) non-native speaking examinees at two levels of language proficiency. The study investigated whether examinees’ proficiency level would influence the pragmatic markers’ rate of occurrence and variety of functions. Frequency measures of pragmatic markers were obtained from examinees rated at two levels of proficiency: ‘full’ or ‘fail’. 1 A discourse analytic approach was then employed to examine the discursive functions of pragmatic markers. The quantitative results showed that proficiency level was significantly related to the overall frequency of use of the focal markers, with the ‘full’ group tending to use them more frequently than the ‘fail’ group. Qualitatively, the study found that higher proficiency speakers used both pragmatic markers for a wider range of functions than their lower proficiency counterparts. The discussion considers the implications for raising learner awareness of pragmatic marker contributions to perceived oral fluency and pragmatic capacity.

The experienced constraints of participants in leisure and recreation programs have not been thoroughly investigated; nevertheless, these constraints can influence levels of satisfaction and commitment and the decision to drop out or continue participating. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to examine the extent to which constraints predict member satisfaction and commitment and (b) to examine the relationship between socio-demographic variables and the influence of constraints among martial arts participants. The target population evaluated for this study consisted of individuals aged at least 18 years or older who had attended a martial arts school. A total of 595 participants were recruited through on-site and online test administrations. The findings of this study revealed that martial arts consumers of various socio-demographic backgrounds had different perceptions of constraining factors that affected their attendance at martial arts schools.

This paper investigates how an online test (‘Self-Test’ developed at the University of Southern Queensland) can enrich students’ understanding of their academic numeracy, through a purpose-built, self-assessment tool aligned with online modules. Since its creation and evaluation, the tool has been developed and tailored to suit other first year courses based around an academic numeracy framework of competence, confidence and critical awareness (Galligan 2013a). This paper will highlight how the new Self-Test is underpinned by this framework and how students’ levels of numeracy can be better understood by the lecturer through Self-Test in a first year nursing for numeracy course and a maths for teachers course. It particularly addresses over- and under-confidence, error analysis and students’ reflective comments, and how this understanding can better inform course development and teaching.

In science education, laboratory practicals are frequently assessed through submission of a report. A large increase in student numbers necessitated us adapting a traditional practical report into an online test with automated marking. The assessment was designed to retain positive features of the traditional laboratory report but with added pedagogic and administrative benefits made possible through the online medium. After performing their experiments, students were given idealised data, enabling immediate comparison with their own results, and asked to perform a series of calculations based on that ideal data. The two-part test asked questions about the students' calculations. Part I was formative, ensuring that the students had mastered basic concepts before advanced concepts were tested in Part II. The test rewarded correct methodology and understanding as well as the right answers and gave absolute consistency to the marking scheme. Students could submit at their convenience and received instant feedback. The assessment was met with emphatically positive feedback from students. In addition, it was possible to track submissions by students, providing insights into their behaviour. Students appeared to group into three submission styles-early submitters, considered submitters and last minute submitters-information which can be useful to guide pedagogic practice. In the latest iteration, analysis of submission behaviour gave us confidence to reduce the time before the submission deadline, which resulted in a substantial increase in student attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the introduction of the hydraulic diagnostic techniques which are commonly used and existed defects in these methods, the active hydraulic diagnosis technology is put forward. Besides, theory analysis of active online test is elaborated. The theory of active diagnose is used in the hydraulic system of heavy transporter to describe online diagnosis method. The results show that the active hydraulic diagnosis is appropriate for all kinds of hydraulic system which is a general diagnosis method.

Despite recent growth in distance education, there has been relatively little research on whether online examinations facilitate student cheating. The present paper utilizes an experimental design to assess the difference in student performance between students taking a traditional, proctored exam and those taking an online, unproctored exam. This difference in performance is examined in a manner which considers both the effect of the different physical test environments and the possible effect of a difference in the opportunity for students to cheat. This study, utilizing regression models that also account for relevant control variables, examines 44 undergraduate statistics students, finds evidence that the difference in the testing environment creates a disadvantage to students taking the online exam which somewhat offsets the advantage that the unproctored students gain from greater opportunities to cheat.

The need for computer-based assessment provides an opportunity for test takers to maximize performance in solving questions prepared to their measure language skills. Specifically, this study develops receptive skill tests, i.e. listening, reading, and skills competency responding to the rules. Instruments were tested on the test participants who are elementary level students who join Indonesian language courses. The items were analyzed by Rasch model to determine the level of item difficulty. The results showed that the level of difficulty of the items in the normal distribution in accordance with the ability of test participants. Qualitative analysis shows (1) the weaknesses of using Google-form as a receptive skill test tool, such as connection and unstable internet signal even though tested at college level, test takers still record simultaneous material, the search tool used is not qualified hampering the testing process, (2) the advantages of using Google-form as a receptive skill test tool are there is no need to wait for late test takers, test takers have no chance to cheat and it is paperless, (3) the importance of determining starting point and test rules other. The conclusion of this research is the effectiveness of using Google form as a multimedia-based receptive skill tool capable of minimizing the testing procedure.

The objective of this research is to describe the way to design an online test for computer-based final examination preparation for Junior High School Students using Schoology application. The method used in this research is research and development. First, the researcher analyzed graduation competence standards for the 2017 and 2018 National Examinations, English basic competences in 2013 Curriculum, test indicators of 2017 and 2018 National Examinations, and 2017 and 2018 paper-based National Examinations. The result of the analysis was used to determine the skills, the basic competences, and the test indicators for the test blue print of the online test. Based on the test blue prints, the researcher developed the online test in Ms-Words. The developed test instrument was consulted with the researcher’s consultants to get the external validity. After the external validity was obtained, the test was uploaded in the Schoology application. The online test in the Schoology was put into a try out to students of Grade IX G and H of SMPN 1 Pengasih. The student’s scores in the test try out were analyzed using SPSS Product Moment. The result showed that the students’ scores in the test try out coincided with their scores in their end-semester test. This proved that the test is effective to be used. The test items which were not valid were revised through English teacher group discussion in SMPN 1 Pengasih. After being revised, the online test was ready to be used.

This study introduces and explores the potential of using computer-based testing at Palestinian schools. It investigates the developmental level of mouse skills among year 2 and 3 students and tests the applicability of an online test measuring pupils’ inductive reasoning. The sample for the study was drawn from year 2 (N=28) and 3 (N=29) students in Palestinian primary schools (Mean_age=7.5; SD=.50). The instruments consisted of 28 figural items for the mouse usage test and 36 figural items for the inductive reasoning test. The eDia system was used to collect the data. The reliability coefficient of the mouse usage and inductive reasoning tests were .75 and .915, respectively. Results showed that the mouse usage test was easy (M=90.53% SD=9.67%), while the inductive reasoning test was moderately difficult for the students at this age (M=44.15, SD=24.28). The frequency of computer usage did not influence test achievements. There were no gender level differences detectable in students’ mouse skills. Girls achieved significantly higher in the inductive reasoning test (M_girls=50.88, M_boys=37.67; t=-2,15, p

In highly reliable and durable systems, failures due to aging might result in catastrophes. Aging monitoring techniques to prevent catastrophes by predicting such a failure are required. This paper presents a scan-based on-line aging monitoring scheme which monitors aging during normal operation and gives an alarm if aging is detected so that the system users take action before a failure occurs. We illustrate our modified scan chain architecture and aging monitoring control method. Experimental results show our simulation results to verify the functions of the proposed scheme.

Recently, with rapid development of computer/network technology and algorithms for composing test paper, cyber-based online examination system is a practically valuable hot research concern. In the paper, the mathematical model is created for solving problems with the online test paper composition system. Through comparative analysis of merits and shortcomings of various coding schemes, and to overcome the shortcoming that traditional genetic algorithms easily fall into premature convergence, it utilizes the adaptive adjustment method of dynamic parameters and elitist strategy to improve to develop the online test paper forming scheme based on adaptive genetic algorithm. For the selection of each parameter, simulation test is conducted to obtain the solution approximate to the best one.

The issue of food safety is increasingly becoming the focus of social concerns, and breakage of packaging film is the main threat to the safety of sealing packaging food. For the small damage that is difficult to see with the naked eyes, according to that the impedance of damaged position is different from that of other position, the discharge signals of sealing packaging food in different damaged conditions are different in high voltage dielectric barrier discharge circuit, and then they are collected and analyzed. In order to solve the problem that different discharge signals are similar and characteristics are confused, wavelet packet and the EEMD method are novelly used to analyze discharge signals and the characteristic parameters of sealing packaging food that is intact or has pinholes are successfully extracted. This method solves the problem that the tiny damage is difficult to identify and detect, and it also provides a new train of thought for online test of sealing packaging food.

Traditionally, teachers have made use of exams to evaluate learners during the educational process as a course requirement or to measure concept assimilation presented in a lecture/class/course. E-learning testing systems in general did not help to improve the level of learning because it does not reflect a learner's personal characteristics. In recent years, in order to solve these problems, online learners can be judged by the learning site tests that provide lectures, school, or recognized government through learning results. The online test management for learners evaluates management techniques, learner's analysis of assessment results, report results, and provides heavily-relied feedback technology. According to the individual evaluation result, learning outcomes are used for the next stage of education and promotion. Therefore, in this paper, we propose to design and develop a prototype assessment system in accordance with international standards on the interoperability test items. While focusing on the item bank management system, create online testing, evaluation system; a question authoring tool was developed to create a simple form of items. In addition, Import and Export were designed as a form of international standards-based assessment items for sharing between different systems evaluation questions through management module development.

This article proposed a new online test overlap control algorithm that is an improvement of Chen’s algorithm in controlling general test overlap rate for item pooling among a group of examinees. Chen’s algorithm is not very efficient in that not only item pooling between current examinee and prior examinees is controlled for but also item pooling between previous examinees, which would have been controlled for when they were current examinees. The proposed improvement increases efficiency by only considering item pooling between current and previous examinees, and its improved performance over Chen is demonstrated in a simulated computerized adaptive testing (CAT) environment. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is adapted for computerized classification testing (CCT) using the sequential probability ratio test procedure and is evaluated against some existing exposure control procedures. The proposed algorithm appears to work best in controlling general test overlap rate among the exposure control procedures examined without sacrificing much classification precision, though longer tests might be required for more stringent control of item pooling among larger groups. Given the capability of the proposed algorithm in controlling item pooling among a group of examinees of any size and its ease of implementation, it appears to be a good test overlap control method.

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of achievement goals in online test anxiety and help-seeking while controlling for self-efficacy and potential demographic differences. A total of 150 online students participated in the survey. Separate hierarchical regression analysis results suggested the differential roles of achievement goals in online test anxiety and help-seeking. Avoidance goals were found to be predictive of online test anxiety, whereas only students with performance-avoidance goals unexpectedly reported more online help-seeking. Further, while self-efficacy predicted both test anxiety and help-seeking, undergraduate students reported more help-seeking than their graduate counterparts. Implications and future directions of the study are discussed.

The online test system of the vertical spindle motion error of the ultra-precision fly cutting machine tool was established. And then using the online test system established to test and analyze the state of the rotary motion of the spindle under the idling condition. The axial synchronous motion error value of the spindle under 390rpm is about 61 nm, and the asynchronous error motion is about 33nm. The radial error motion value is about 91nm, and the asynchronous error is about 35nm. Through the test, we found that the axial and radial spindle error motion accuracy under idling speed can been improved with the spindle speed increases.

The key system which requiring very high levels of reliability often use redundancy to enhance reliability index, e.g. tolerant system. During system operation, tolerant system monitors system state and reconfigures it to realize continuous working with system drawback. Considering the inevitable errors in system online test and the performance degradation, an estimation method for both system reliability and performance is proposed in this paper. Through analyzing the important fault mode in tolerant system, establishing the system reliability model based on k-out-n:G system description, and then considering the imperfect tests and corresponding performance degradation in these process, the reliability and performance evaluation method is given, moreover, the engineering operation flow of this method was established for it. An aircrafts rudder system is taken as an example for engineering application, which shows that this approach is feasible and effective.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess student web searching competency. The paper aims to determine varying levels of university student competency in web searches and to investigate and compare their competency levels of searching academic and daily‐life tasks.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a quantitative research method of giving study participants a controllable experiment, a task‐based online test (TBOT), to evaluate web searching competency based on student searching performance. Participants included 141 undergraduate and graduate students from Wuhan University, China. Their searching competency level was assessed by testing their searching effectiveness and searching efficiency.FindingsStudent average web searching competency level was found to be comparatively low overall, within preliminary stages of development. A lot of students are unable to search the web with efficiency. Competency levels for searching academic tasks were higher than those of daily‐life tasks, especially when the degree of difficulty increased. These two levels, however, have a significant positive correlationship. In information literacy education it is therefore vital to teach students comprehensive web searching competency that includes knowledge and techniques for both academic and daily‐life search tasks.Originality/valueUsing the TBOT to assess student web searching competency is novel in the field of library and information science. By conducting this pilot experiment, librarians and teachers will be able to design and promote an improved information literacy education according to students' specific web searching competency status, instead of assumed goal levels.

“Behavior comes from internal characteristics of a person which cannot directly be observed, that is why stimulus is needed.” is the key concept of educational measurement. In Thailand, the education system depends only on the tests and exams to measure the level of knowledge of students in order to promote themselves for the admissions to the higher class or the university. The students in the cities and Bangkok have chances to access the facilities to gain more knowledge, whereas the students in the remote areas can rarely access the educational resources such as teachers, instructors, books, and media. This study aims to develop the online test system for the students in provincial areas to practice before sitting the real exams. The system has been designed based on the computerized adaptive testing concept. The retrieval of the incoming test items are based on the previous answers, therefore the test item is adaptive upon the students who are taking the test. This study has been implemented in four schools (Ban Kao Wittaya School, Dan Ma Kham Tei Wittayakom School, Udomsit Suksa School, and Rom Klao School) in Kanchanaburi province. The highlight of the project is making the students in junior high school have more positive attitudes in tacking the test in Sciences subjects. Comparing to the conventional paper-based multiple choice testing, where all students receive the same test items, normal students would be exhausted and discouraged by the fact that most items are too difficult to be relevant. Meanwhile, smarter students are not appropriately challenged, because most items are too easy for them. The results of this study show that the larger percentage of the test items with appropriate difficulty, together with the better precision and shorter test-lengths.

Previously found effects of age on thresholds for speech reception thresholds in noise in adolescents as measured by an online screening survey require further study in a well-controlled teenage sample. Speech reception thresholds (SRT) of 72 normal-hearing adolescent students were analyzed by means of the online speech-in-noise screening tool Earcheck (In Dutch: Oorcheck). Screening was performed at school and included pure-tone audiometry to ensure normal-hearing thresholds. The students’ ages ranged from 12 to 17 years. A group of young adults was included as a control group. Data were controlled for effects of gender and level of education. SRT scores within the controlled teenage sample revealed an effect of age on the order of an improvement of −0.2 dB per year. Effects of level of education and gender were not significant. Hearing screening tools that are based on SRT for speech in noise should control for an effect of age when assessing adolescents. Based on the present data, a correction factor of −0.2 dB per year between the ages of 12 and 17 is proposed. The proposed age-corrected SRT cut-off scores need to be evaluated in a larger sample including hearing-impaired adolescents.

This work present some best practice cases in teaching technical drawing done by three Italian Universities: Brescia, Udine, and Cassino and Southern Lazio. The intention to innovate and improve the basic technical drawing courses offered by these three Universities started in 2014. The objective of this collaboration was the development of some tools to help the students in understanding the fundamental concepts of technical drawing. The first tool developed, in order of time, was the Technical Drawing Evaluation Grid – TDEG. Starting from this tool, other learning aids were developed for the undergraduate engineering students. Some of them are: an online test for students’ self-assessment of technical drawing knowledge; a questionnaire to collect students’ opinions on different technical drawing and engineering design topics; a method for the improvement of students’ motivation to study; and a self-learning tool for teaching manufacturing dimensioning. The preliminary results of these different practices are presented and discussed in the following, posing the basis of the definition of some best practice methods that can be used for the improvement of the teaching and learning of technical drawing basic concepts for engineering students.

The LIT (Labour Interest Test) for people with intellectual disabilities is an online test that probes interest for different labour opportunities. This test is based upon an earlier test, made by Lamings and Hezemans, a test which is frequently used for career counseling and guidance of people with intellectual disabilities, but which lacks theoretical basis and empirical validation. Therefore, in-dept interviews with the job coaches, observations during the test and statistical analysis led to suggestions for improvement and updating the test which were tested in several iterations. This paper focuses on the process through which these changes were made and the stakeholders who were involved in this process.

Both workload and fatigue impair performance, and a high workload can lead to an increase in fatigue. This paper reports on two studies regarding workload and fatigue, and their impact on performance. Study 1 examined the risk factors for fatigue and the outcomes of it in relation to the rail industry. The results showed that workload is one of several predictors of fatigue. In Study 2 an online test integrating a single-item subjective measure and objective cognitive tests was used to examine the association between workload, fatigue and performance. Workload was found to be a factor that increased fatigue, which then resulted in a change in performance.

Online quizzes are a powerful educational tool that allow learners to self-evaluate their knowledge. This paper analyzes the results of over 20,000 pre-university mock online quizzes in the technical drawing subject of the Spanish University Admission Test to assess the impact of (a) the presence of accompanying graphic illustrations and (b) the length of the questions on the questions success and skip rates. The performance difference of the students in two tests 6 years apart and participating in two different intakes is also discussed. The results show that questions with image support receive more successful answers and are skipped less often, while increasing question length have the opposite effect. These findings should help improving the design of online quizzes, including more visual content and/or rephrasing the questions to be more concise.

Although many algorithms have been proposed for the camera-based detection of road features (such as road markings, curbstones and road borders), truly contextual or relational information between the detections is rarely used. This is all the more surprising, since a lot of potential remains unused, regarding outlier rejection or compensating detection failures, multiple detections, misclassification or fragmentation. The aim of this paper is to present an approach that is suitable for such a task in both online and offline applications as a post-processing step after the actual detection and classification step. This is achieved by adapting a perception-based line-clustering algorithm that groups the pre-classified road features based on their relations and assigns them a final class. The grouped features are then fused to form continuous lines instead of individual dashes or fragmented lines. The evaluation on a 10km drive in both rural and urban environment, as well as an online test on a short highway driving sequence shows that this approach is very well capable to increase the performance of road feature detection at a low computational cost.

Since the automotive camera image processing system is highly related to the people's lives, the online test and debug method for the system is required to monitor the system in real-time and increase the reliability. However, there are errors and faults which escaped from the pre-silicon verification and the manufacturing test and they cause the test and debug time longer. Because the excessive time overhead has a bad influence upon the reliability, it is necessary to reduce the time overhead. To overcome this challenge, a new online test and debug methodology for the automotive camera image processing system is proposed in this paper. Experimental results show how the proposed methodology can reduce the time overhead significantly on various cases compared to the previous work.

Summative online examinations is a high stake process which faces many security threats. The lack of face-to-face interaction, monitoring or invigilation motivates many threats, which includes intrusion by hackers and collusion by students. This paper is based on a survey of literature to present a threat classification using security abuse case scenarios. Collusion is one of the challenging threats, when a student invites a third party collaborator to impersonate or aid him/her in an online test. While mitigation of all types of threats is important, the risk of collusion is increasingly challenging because it is difficult to detect such attacks.